EP0463904B1 - Patronenhülsenelement mit verbrennbarer Hülse, mit einem solchen Element versehene halbverbrennbare Munition und Verfahren zum Laden dieser Munition - Google Patents

Patronenhülsenelement mit verbrennbarer Hülse, mit einem solchen Element versehene halbverbrennbare Munition und Verfahren zum Laden dieser Munition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0463904B1
EP0463904B1 EP91401507A EP91401507A EP0463904B1 EP 0463904 B1 EP0463904 B1 EP 0463904B1 EP 91401507 A EP91401507 A EP 91401507A EP 91401507 A EP91401507 A EP 91401507A EP 0463904 B1 EP0463904 B1 EP 0463904B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustible
tube
base
semi
case
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91401507A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0463904A1 (de
Inventor
Bernard Conil
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
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Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0463904A1 publication Critical patent/EP0463904A1/de
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/18—Caseless ammunition; Cartridges having combustible cases
    • F42B5/181—Caseless ammunition; Cartridges having combustible cases consisting of a combustible casing wall and a metal base; Connectors therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/18—Caseless ammunition; Cartridges having combustible cases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0823—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the propellant charge in a cartridged ammunition
    • F42C19/083—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the propellant charge in a cartridged ammunition characterised by the shape and configuration of the base element embedded in the cartridge bottom, e.g. the housing for the squib or percussion cap
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S102/00—Ammunition and explosives
    • Y10S102/70—Combustilbe cartridge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of combustible ammunition. More precisely, the invention relates to a socket element with a combustible tube as well as a semi-combustible socket munition incorporating this element. The invention also relates to a method for loading such semi-combustible ammunition.
  • the metal case has certain advantages in terms of robustness and sealing at the rear of the shell at the time of firing, it does however have many disadvantages.
  • one solution consists in using fully combustible sockets.
  • the combustible case has the double advantage of participating in the combustion of the propellant charge and, in so doing, of providing additional energy and of leaving, after combustion, no solid volume containing toxic gases.
  • it is widely used in modern ammunition with fully combustible casings.
  • the latter have, compared to the sockets metal, a drawback in terms of sealing when firing at the rear of the shell.
  • the combustible sockets do not provide, by the very fact that they destroy themselves at the time of the firing, of additional sealing to that presented by the breech closure device.
  • the closing device In conventional weapon systems, the closing device generally provides an effective seal up to 3 ⁇ 108 Pa, ie 3000 bars. This limit is perfectly acceptable for most traditional shells and allows the use of a fully combustible cartridge case. However, this limit is insufficient for certain shells such as the arrow-shells intended to pierce armor and which must be fired at higher pressures, up to 7 ⁇ 108 Pa or 7000 bars. In this case the metal socket has the advantage, if one does not want to modify and weigh down the breech of the weapon system, to bring by its metallic base the essential complement of sealing.
  • the semi-combustible sockets constituted on the one hand by a combustible element in the form of a case and by a metal base.
  • the combustible case participates in the combustion of the propellant charge by providing additional energy and avoiding the retention of a large quantity of toxic gases while the metal base ensures an effective seal at the rear of the projectile even at very high pressures.
  • the metal base ensures an effective seal at the rear of the projectile even at very high pressures.
  • the combustible element is simply a combustible tube, advantageously obtained by spiraling of combustible paper, the junction with the metal base being effected by means of a complementary bottom piece, as described for example in the addition 87,428 to French patent 1,349,818.
  • the fuel element comprises both a tubular part and a bottom which can be embedded directly in the metal base.
  • Such a combustible element is preferably obtained by felting from an aqueous slurry containing the materials constituting the element. combustible.
  • the fixing of the fuel element to the metal base is done by means of a fixing part, in general a fixing ring, coming to wedge the bottom of the element fuel around a hollow internal neck carried by the metal base.
  • This solution is practical but necessarily implies that the interior of the fuel element is cleared at the time of fixing the metal base to allow the introduction and positioning of said fixing part. Consequently, in the semi-combustible sockets currently known, the propellant powder can only be introduced after the metal base has been put in place.
  • correct ignition of large caliber ammunition requires the presence of an ignition tube which is an extension of said hollow neck carried by the metal base and which, for obvious safety reasons, should preferably be put in place. place before the introduction of the powder.
  • the object of the present invention is precisely to eliminate the difficulties set out above by proposing a socket element with a combustible tube which can be loaded with powder from the bottom after the shell and the ignition tube have been installed, or of the reservation of the latter but before installation of the metal base so as to allow easy and automated manufacture of semi-combustible munitions with arrow shells.
  • the invention therefore relates to a fuel tube socket element comprising in particular a fuel tube and a bottom having a central opening, as is known from document FR-A-2 365 096, characterized in that said bottom comprises at side of said central opening, a separate lateral opening and in that is secured to said bottom a hollow part which penetrates into said bushing element through said central opening without closing said lateral opening and which comprises over its entire height a central recess delimited by an internal wall on which are provided means allowing the fixing of a separate part inside said central recess.
  • said bottom consists of an elastic material chosen from the group consisting of polymerization products of chloroprene, neoprene, or mixtures based on ethylene and propylene and comprises a lip d sealing.
  • the invention also relates to an ammunition comprising in particular a semi-combustible shell, a projectile and an ignition tube.
  • said semi-combustible socket is constituted by a socket element according to the invention and by a metal base which carries a central end piece which penetrates into the recess of said hollow part and which comprises complementary fixing means of those carried by said hollow part.
  • the invention also relates to a method of assembling a munition according to the invention characterized in that, after having reserved the space necessary for the ignition tube inside said element and having fixed the projectile to the end of the combustible tube opposite said bottom, said element is filled with propellant powder thanks to said lateral opening and in that only after the metal base is put in place.
  • the ignition tube can thus be put in place after loading and fitting of the metal base, which allows transport and storage of the un-primed ammunition.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in partial section, the lower part of a semi-combustible socket 1 according to the invention.
  • This socket is mainly constituted by a metal base 2, an element 3 with a combustible tube and by a hollow part 4.
  • the semi-combustible socket is filled with propellant powder 5.
  • the socket element 3 with a combustible tube comprises in particular a combustible tube 6 and an also combustible bottom 7 forming a single piece.
  • This unique piece is advantageously obtained by a felting technique from an aqueous slurry containing a mixture of nitrocellulose fibers and cellulose fibers.
  • the bottom 7 has a circular central opening 8.
  • the bottom 7 comprises, next to said central opening 8, a separate lateral opening 9.
  • a hollow part 4 enters said socket element 3 through the said central opening without closing said lateral opening 9 and is secured to said bottom 7.
  • Said hollow part 4 has over its entire height a central recess delimited by an internal wall on which are provided means allowing the fixing of a separate part inside said central recess.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show a preferred hollow part 4 according to the invention which has the shape of a ferrule of revolution.
  • This ferrule which is in one piece has a lower cylindrical part 10 whose external diameter is equal to that of the central opening 8 of the bottom 7, a central cylindrical part 11 of the same internal diameter as the part 10 and an upper cylindrical part 12 whose internal diameter is equal to the diameter of the ignition tube which will be used in the ammunition or its reservation.
  • An external stop 13 is advantageously provided at the junction of the parts 10 and 11 so as to allow the part 4 to take a firm support on the bottom 7 and to allow easy joining, for example by gluing.
  • the hollow part 4 is advantageously constituted by an elastic material such as a rubber.
  • an elastic material such as a rubber.
  • rubbers we prefer those which satisfy the following conditions: resist 3000 ° C for 10 milliseconds, be waterproof up to 7x108 Pa or 7000 bars and be compatible with nitroglycerin.
  • the epoxy or cyanoacrylic type necks are recommended by the applicant.
  • the hollow part 4 has a central recess 14 delimited by the internal walls of the parts 10, 11 and 12.
  • the internal wall 15 of the upper part 12 advantageously carries an internal stop 16 intended to facilitate the positioning the ignition tube or its reservation.
  • These means 18 are advantageously constituted by two rectilinear openings 19 and 20 made over the entire thickness of the wall of the middle part 11 so as to be parallel and arranged on either side of the axis of said shell in a same plane perpendicular to said axis, as shown in FIG. 3, and by an elastic metal ring 21 comprising two rectilinear parts 22 and 23 forming bars and engaged respectively in the openings 19 and 20.
  • Such a metal ring 21 is represented in the figure 5.
  • the metal base 2 typically carries a hollow central end piece 24 whose end 25 is frustoconical and which carries a circular groove 26.
  • the end piece 24 enters the recess 14 of the part 4, its frustoconical end 25 repels the elastic bars 22 and 23 which resume, after complete insertion of the endpiece their initial position by being inserted into the groove 26 of the base, then prohibiting any withdrawal of the latter, the groove 26 of the endpiece 24 thus constituting a fixing means complementary to those carried by the hollow part 4.
  • the metal base 2 has a flange 27 terminated by a seal 28 coming to bear against the combustible tube 6.
  • a metal washer 29 is advantageously placed between the bottom 7 and the base 2.
  • FIG 4 there is shown in Figure 4, in partial section, the lower part of a semi-combustible sleeve 101 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • This socket is mainly constituted by a metal base 102, by a socket element 103 with a combustible tube and by a hollow part 104.
  • the semi-combustible socket is filled with propellant powder 105.
  • the element 103 of the socket is constituted by a combustible tube 106 and by the bottom 107 which is constituted by an elastic material chosen from the group of polymerization products of chloroprene, neoprene or mixtures based on ethylene and propylene such as EPDM (ethylene - propylene - diene monomer).
  • EPDM ethylene - propylene - diene monomer
  • the combustible tube 106 is advantageously obtained by spiraling sheets of combustible paper containing nitrocellulose.
  • the polymer constituting the bottom 107 preferably has a shore hardness of between 40 and 90 shores with an elongation greater than 50%. It is also imperative that the material constituting the bottom 107 has a temperature resistance greater than 1200 ° C. for a few seconds. For this reason we will prefer elastic materials containing a refractory filler such as silica fibers.
  • the materials preferred by the applicant are polychloroprene rubbers containing between 20 and 60% by weight of silica.
  • a preferred embodiment of the bottom 107 is that shown in FIG. 4 according to which the bottom 107 has a flat base provided with a circular central opening 108 and a separate lateral opening 109 and has a lateral rim 130 extended by a lip. 131.
  • the combustible tube 106 is then placed in abutment on the upper part of the lateral flange 130 and against the inner surface of the sealing lip 131. Bonding with an epoxy or cyanoacrylic adhesive makes it possible to effectively join the tube 106 and the bottom 107.
  • the sealing lip 131 is advantageously provided on its external surface with at least one external dye 132.
  • a hollow part 104 similar to the part 4 described above enters the bottom 107 through the central opening 108 and is secured to the latter.
  • the elastic bars 122 and 123 placed in the piece 104 can be constituted by simple metal rods in the shape of a "V" placed in the rectilinear openings made in the piece 104 and retained by a shoulder 133 of the bottom 107 molded against the Exhibit 104.
  • FIG. 6 shows a bar 122 according to this preferred embodiment. The two arms of this bar make between them an angle ⁇ (alpha) of 175 °.
  • the metal base 102 then has a very simple shape since it essentially has the form of a flat disc provided with a central opening 108 and extended by a hollow end piece 124, similar to the hollow end piece 24 described above, and which carries a circular groove 126 constituting the complementary fixing means of the bars 122 and 123.
  • a semi-combustible case according to this preferred variant of the invention has the double advantage of a very great simplicity of manufacture and a very high efficiency in terms of the seal at the rear of the shell during firing. Indeed, at the time of firing, the sealing lip 131, especially when it is provided with flanges 132, ensures by plating against the chamber of the weapon the sealing at low pressure, then the side wall 130 of the bottom 107 similarly, provides medium pressure sealing and finally the metal base 102 provides high pressure sealing. There is thus a socket ensuring perfect sealing in all pressure ranges.
  • the shell elements according to the invention can also be used for fully combustible shell with combustible base, in particular when the bottom 7 of said element is itself combustible.
  • a semi-combustible shell munition according to the invention essentially consists of a shell and a semi-combustible shell (1,101) according to the invention.
  • a semi-combustible socket consists of a socket element 3 or 103 as described above, of a metal base 2 or 102 carrying a central tip 24 or 124 hollow which enters the recess of the hollow part 4 or 104 and which comprises fixing means 26 or 126 complementary to those carried by said hollow part.
  • the semi-combustible socket contains, as already said above, an ignition powder 5 or 105, an ignition tube as well as an igniter plug.
  • the ignition tube is shown under the reference 34 in Figure 1 and under the reference 134 in Figure 4.
  • the igniter plug has not been shown, for clarity, in the figures but is housed in the 'central opening 8 or 108 of the base 2 or 102 respectively.
  • An essential advantage provided by the invention is the simplicity of production and powder loading of an arrow shell munition having a tail unit penetrating deep into the combustible tube.
  • FIG. 7 schematically illustrates the assembly process and loading according to the invention of such ammunition.
  • a munition 40 with an arrow shell.
  • the arrow shell consists of arrow 41, a shoe 42 fixed to a combustible tube 44 and a tail 43 penetrating deep into the combustible tube 44 of a socket element according to the invention.
  • This tube 44 is obtained by spiraling strips of combustible paper and ends with a bottom 45 made of elastic material according to a preferred variant of the invention.
  • the tube 44 and the bottom 45 constitute the socket element according to the invention.
  • a hollow part 46 In the torn-off part of the bottom 45, a hollow part 46 according to the invention is recognized.
  • the propellant powder has not yet been introduced into the socket element but the space necessary for the ignition tube has been reserved by fixing a tube 47 in the extension of the hollow part 46.
  • This tube 47 can be the ignition tube itself or a protective tube inside which will be housed the ignition tube carried by the igniter plug.
  • the ammunition 40 thus formed being positioned as shown in Figure 7, that is to say the shell down, on a support 51, it is then easy to fill with propellant powder the entire free volume of l 'socket element by means of a funnel 49 penetrating into the lateral opening 48 carried by the bottom 45.
  • a funnel 49 penetrating into the lateral opening 48 carried by the bottom 45.
  • the igniter plug can then be fixed to the base 50 so as to obtain the semi-combustible ammunition ready for use.
  • An additional advantage of the invention exists when the reservation of the space necessary for the ignition tube is made by a protective tube which does not allow the powder to pass. In this case, the ammunition 40 can be transported or stored un-primed without an igniter plug, the latter being incorporated into the ammunition only at the time of use, which increases the safety presented by the munitions according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Lighters Containing Fuel (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Patronenhülsenelement (3) mit verbrennbarer Hülse, bestehend insbesondere aus einer verbrennbaren Hülse (6), einem Boden (7) mit einer zentralen Öffnung (8),
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der genannte Boden neben der genannten zentralen Öffnung (8) eine davon getrennte seitliche Öffnung (9) aufweist und daß mit dem genannten Boden (7) ein hohles Teil (4) fest verbunden ist, das in das genannte Patronenhülsenelement durch die genannte zentrale Öffnung (8) eindringt, ohne die genannte seitliche Öffnung (9) zu verschließen, und über seine gesamte Höhe eine zentrale Vertiefung (14) aufweist, die von einer Innenwandung (17) umgrenzt ist, an der Mittel (18) ausgeführt sind, mit denen ein separates Teil im Inneren der genannten zentralen Vertiefung (14) befestigt werden kann.
  2. Patronenhülsenelement nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das genannte hohle Teil (4) ein elastisches Teil ist.
  3. Patronenhülsenelement nach Anspruch 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das genannte hohle Teil (4) ein Rotationsring ist.
  4. Patronenhülsenelement nach Anspruch 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Innenwandung (17) des genannten hohlen Teils einen Innenanschlag (16) aufweist und daß die genannten Befestigungsmittel (18) zwischen dem genannten Boden (7) und dem genannten Innenanschlag (16) angeordnet sind.
  5. Patronenhülsenelement nach Anspruch 3,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannten Befestigungsmittel (18) von zwei parallelen, geradlinigen Öffnungen (19, 20), die zu beiden Seiten der Achse des genannten Rings in derselben, zu der genannten Achse senkrecht stehenden Ebene angeordnet sind, und von zwei elastischen Stegen (22, 23), die in den genannten Öffnungen angeordnet sind, gebildet werden.
  6. Patronenhülsenelement nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Hülse (6) und der genannte Boden (7) ein einziges verbrennbares Teil bilden.
  7. Patronenhülsenelement nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Hülse (106) eine verbrennbare Hülse ist und daß der genannte Boden (107) aus einem elastischen Material besteht, das aus der Gruppe der Polymerisationsprodukte von Chloropren, Neopren oder Mischungen auf Ethylen- und Propylenbasis gewählt wird.
  8. Patronenhülsenelement nach Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das genannte elastische Material, aus dem der Boden (107) besteht, mit hitzebeständigem Mineral angereichert ist.
  9. Patronenhülsenelement nach Anspruch 7,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der genannte Boden (107) mit einer Dichtungslippe (131) versehen ist.
  10. Patronenhülsenelement nach Anspruch 9,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die genannte Lippe (131) mit mindestens einem Außenkragen (132) versehen ist.
  11. Munition, die insbesondere aus einer halbverbrennbaren Patronenhülse, einem Geschoß und einer Zündhülse besteht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die halbverbrennbare Patronenhülse (1, 101) im wesentlichen aus einem Patronenhülsenelement nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 sowie aus einem Metallsockel (2, 102) besteht, der ein zentrales, hohles Ansatzstück (24, 124) aufweist, das in die Vertiefung des genannten hohlen Teils (4, 104) eindringt und Befestigungsmittel (26, 126) aufweist, die komplementär zu denen des genannten hohlen Teils sind.
  12. Verfahren zum Zusammensetzen einer halbverbrennbaren Munition (40) nach Anspruch 11, die ein Geschoß (41), einen Metallsockel (50) und ein Patronenhülsenelement umfaßt, das von einer verbrennbaren Hülse (44), einem Boden (45) mit einer seitlichen Öffnung (48) und einem hohlen Teil (46) gebildet wird,
    bestehend darin, daß, nachdem der für die Zündhülse benötigte Raum freigehalten und das Geschoß (41) an dem vom genannten Boden (45) abgewandten Ende der verbrennbaren Hülse (44) befestigt wurde, das genannte Element durch die genannte seitliche Öffnung (48) mit Schießpulver gefüllt wird und daß erst danach der Metallsockel (50) angebracht wird.
EP91401507A 1990-06-25 1991-06-10 Patronenhülsenelement mit verbrennbarer Hülse, mit einem solchen Element versehene halbverbrennbare Munition und Verfahren zum Laden dieser Munition Expired - Lifetime EP0463904B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9007928 1990-06-25
FR9007928A FR2663730B1 (fr) 1990-06-25 1990-06-25 Element de douille a tube combustible, munition a douille semi-combustible incorporant cet element et procede de chargement de cette munition.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0463904A1 EP0463904A1 (de) 1992-01-02
EP0463904B1 true EP0463904B1 (de) 1994-10-26

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EP91401507A Expired - Lifetime EP0463904B1 (de) 1990-06-25 1991-06-10 Patronenhülsenelement mit verbrennbarer Hülse, mit einem solchen Element versehene halbverbrennbare Munition und Verfahren zum Laden dieser Munition

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (2) US5247888A (de)
EP (1) EP0463904B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH081360B2 (de)
KR (1) KR940011930B1 (de)
DE (1) DE69104781T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2065636T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2663730B1 (de)
IL (1) IL98343A0 (de)

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FR2799831B1 (fr) * 1999-10-13 2001-11-30 Giat Ind Sa Dispositif de fixation d'un culot obturateur sur un etui de munition et culot adapte a un tel dispositif
FR2806789B1 (fr) * 2000-03-23 2002-06-07 Giat Ind Sa Tube allumeur pour une munition d'artillerie
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US6857370B1 (en) * 2002-04-10 2005-02-22 General Dynamics Ordnance And Tactical Systems, Inc. Primer body
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US20120260814A1 (en) 2008-04-25 2012-10-18 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Advanced Muzzle Loader Ammunition
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JP5199002B2 (ja) * 2008-09-25 2013-05-15 旭化成ケミカルズ株式会社 少なくとも２層から構成された焼尽性容器
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2663730B1 (fr) 1992-09-11
JPH0618197A (ja) 1994-01-25
IL98343A0 (en) 1992-07-15
US5277118A (en) 1994-01-11
JPH081360B2 (ja) 1996-01-10
ES2065636T3 (es) 1995-02-16
DE69104781T2 (de) 1995-03-09
KR920001173A (ko) 1992-01-30
US5247888A (en) 1993-09-28
DE69104781D1 (de) 1994-12-01
EP0463904A1 (de) 1992-01-02
FR2663730A1 (fr) 1991-12-27
KR940011930B1 (ko) 1994-12-27

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