EP0463904B1 - Cartridge case element with a combustible case, ammunition including a semi-combustible case possessing such an element and method for loading said ammunition - Google Patents

Cartridge case element with a combustible case, ammunition including a semi-combustible case possessing such an element and method for loading said ammunition Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0463904B1
EP0463904B1 EP91401507A EP91401507A EP0463904B1 EP 0463904 B1 EP0463904 B1 EP 0463904B1 EP 91401507 A EP91401507 A EP 91401507A EP 91401507 A EP91401507 A EP 91401507A EP 0463904 B1 EP0463904 B1 EP 0463904B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustible
tube
base
semi
case
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91401507A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0463904A1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Conil
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Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
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Societe Nationale des Poudres et Explosifs
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Publication of EP0463904A1 publication Critical patent/EP0463904A1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/18—Caseless ammunition; Cartridges having combustible cases
    • F42B5/181—Caseless ammunition; Cartridges having combustible cases consisting of a combustible casing wall and a metal base; Connectors therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with charge and missile
    • F42B5/18—Caseless ammunition; Cartridges having combustible cases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C19/00—Details of fuzes
    • F42C19/08—Primers; Detonators
    • F42C19/0823—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the propellant charge in a cartridged ammunition
    • F42C19/083—Primers or igniters for the initiation or the propellant charge in a cartridged ammunition characterised by the shape and configuration of the base element embedded in the cartridge bottom, e.g. the housing for the squib or percussion cap
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S102/00—Ammunition and explosives
    • Y10S102/70—Combustilbe cartridge

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of combustible ammunition. More precisely, the invention relates to a socket element with a combustible tube as well as a semi-combustible socket munition incorporating this element. The invention also relates to a method for loading such semi-combustible ammunition.
  • the metal case has certain advantages in terms of robustness and sealing at the rear of the shell at the time of firing, it does however have many disadvantages.
  • one solution consists in using fully combustible sockets.
  • the combustible case has the double advantage of participating in the combustion of the propellant charge and, in so doing, of providing additional energy and of leaving, after combustion, no solid volume containing toxic gases.
  • it is widely used in modern ammunition with fully combustible casings.
  • the latter have, compared to the sockets metal, a drawback in terms of sealing when firing at the rear of the shell.
  • the combustible sockets do not provide, by the very fact that they destroy themselves at the time of the firing, of additional sealing to that presented by the breech closure device.
  • the closing device In conventional weapon systems, the closing device generally provides an effective seal up to 3 ⁇ 108 Pa, ie 3000 bars. This limit is perfectly acceptable for most traditional shells and allows the use of a fully combustible cartridge case. However, this limit is insufficient for certain shells such as the arrow-shells intended to pierce armor and which must be fired at higher pressures, up to 7 ⁇ 108 Pa or 7000 bars. In this case the metal socket has the advantage, if one does not want to modify and weigh down the breech of the weapon system, to bring by its metallic base the essential complement of sealing.
  • the semi-combustible sockets constituted on the one hand by a combustible element in the form of a case and by a metal base.
  • the combustible case participates in the combustion of the propellant charge by providing additional energy and avoiding the retention of a large quantity of toxic gases while the metal base ensures an effective seal at the rear of the projectile even at very high pressures.
  • the metal base ensures an effective seal at the rear of the projectile even at very high pressures.
  • the combustible element is simply a combustible tube, advantageously obtained by spiraling of combustible paper, the junction with the metal base being effected by means of a complementary bottom piece, as described for example in the addition 87,428 to French patent 1,349,818.
  • the fuel element comprises both a tubular part and a bottom which can be embedded directly in the metal base.
  • Such a combustible element is preferably obtained by felting from an aqueous slurry containing the materials constituting the element. combustible.
  • the fixing of the fuel element to the metal base is done by means of a fixing part, in general a fixing ring, coming to wedge the bottom of the element fuel around a hollow internal neck carried by the metal base.
  • This solution is practical but necessarily implies that the interior of the fuel element is cleared at the time of fixing the metal base to allow the introduction and positioning of said fixing part. Consequently, in the semi-combustible sockets currently known, the propellant powder can only be introduced after the metal base has been put in place.
  • correct ignition of large caliber ammunition requires the presence of an ignition tube which is an extension of said hollow neck carried by the metal base and which, for obvious safety reasons, should preferably be put in place. place before the introduction of the powder.
  • the object of the present invention is precisely to eliminate the difficulties set out above by proposing a socket element with a combustible tube which can be loaded with powder from the bottom after the shell and the ignition tube have been installed, or of the reservation of the latter but before installation of the metal base so as to allow easy and automated manufacture of semi-combustible munitions with arrow shells.
  • the invention therefore relates to a fuel tube socket element comprising in particular a fuel tube and a bottom having a central opening, as is known from document FR-A-2 365 096, characterized in that said bottom comprises at side of said central opening, a separate lateral opening and in that is secured to said bottom a hollow part which penetrates into said bushing element through said central opening without closing said lateral opening and which comprises over its entire height a central recess delimited by an internal wall on which are provided means allowing the fixing of a separate part inside said central recess.
  • said bottom consists of an elastic material chosen from the group consisting of polymerization products of chloroprene, neoprene, or mixtures based on ethylene and propylene and comprises a lip d sealing.
  • the invention also relates to an ammunition comprising in particular a semi-combustible shell, a projectile and an ignition tube.
  • said semi-combustible socket is constituted by a socket element according to the invention and by a metal base which carries a central end piece which penetrates into the recess of said hollow part and which comprises complementary fixing means of those carried by said hollow part.
  • the invention also relates to a method of assembling a munition according to the invention characterized in that, after having reserved the space necessary for the ignition tube inside said element and having fixed the projectile to the end of the combustible tube opposite said bottom, said element is filled with propellant powder thanks to said lateral opening and in that only after the metal base is put in place.
  • the ignition tube can thus be put in place after loading and fitting of the metal base, which allows transport and storage of the un-primed ammunition.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in partial section, the lower part of a semi-combustible socket 1 according to the invention.
  • This socket is mainly constituted by a metal base 2, an element 3 with a combustible tube and by a hollow part 4.
  • the semi-combustible socket is filled with propellant powder 5.
  • the socket element 3 with a combustible tube comprises in particular a combustible tube 6 and an also combustible bottom 7 forming a single piece.
  • This unique piece is advantageously obtained by a felting technique from an aqueous slurry containing a mixture of nitrocellulose fibers and cellulose fibers.
  • the bottom 7 has a circular central opening 8.
  • the bottom 7 comprises, next to said central opening 8, a separate lateral opening 9.
  • a hollow part 4 enters said socket element 3 through the said central opening without closing said lateral opening 9 and is secured to said bottom 7.
  • Said hollow part 4 has over its entire height a central recess delimited by an internal wall on which are provided means allowing the fixing of a separate part inside said central recess.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 show a preferred hollow part 4 according to the invention which has the shape of a ferrule of revolution.
  • This ferrule which is in one piece has a lower cylindrical part 10 whose external diameter is equal to that of the central opening 8 of the bottom 7, a central cylindrical part 11 of the same internal diameter as the part 10 and an upper cylindrical part 12 whose internal diameter is equal to the diameter of the ignition tube which will be used in the ammunition or its reservation.
  • An external stop 13 is advantageously provided at the junction of the parts 10 and 11 so as to allow the part 4 to take a firm support on the bottom 7 and to allow easy joining, for example by gluing.
  • the hollow part 4 is advantageously constituted by an elastic material such as a rubber.
  • an elastic material such as a rubber.
  • rubbers we prefer those which satisfy the following conditions: resist 3000 ° C for 10 milliseconds, be waterproof up to 7x108 Pa or 7000 bars and be compatible with nitroglycerin.
  • the epoxy or cyanoacrylic type necks are recommended by the applicant.
  • the hollow part 4 has a central recess 14 delimited by the internal walls of the parts 10, 11 and 12.
  • the internal wall 15 of the upper part 12 advantageously carries an internal stop 16 intended to facilitate the positioning the ignition tube or its reservation.
  • These means 18 are advantageously constituted by two rectilinear openings 19 and 20 made over the entire thickness of the wall of the middle part 11 so as to be parallel and arranged on either side of the axis of said shell in a same plane perpendicular to said axis, as shown in FIG. 3, and by an elastic metal ring 21 comprising two rectilinear parts 22 and 23 forming bars and engaged respectively in the openings 19 and 20.
  • Such a metal ring 21 is represented in the figure 5.
  • the metal base 2 typically carries a hollow central end piece 24 whose end 25 is frustoconical and which carries a circular groove 26.
  • the end piece 24 enters the recess 14 of the part 4, its frustoconical end 25 repels the elastic bars 22 and 23 which resume, after complete insertion of the endpiece their initial position by being inserted into the groove 26 of the base, then prohibiting any withdrawal of the latter, the groove 26 of the endpiece 24 thus constituting a fixing means complementary to those carried by the hollow part 4.
  • the metal base 2 has a flange 27 terminated by a seal 28 coming to bear against the combustible tube 6.
  • a metal washer 29 is advantageously placed between the bottom 7 and the base 2.
  • FIG 4 there is shown in Figure 4, in partial section, the lower part of a semi-combustible sleeve 101 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • This socket is mainly constituted by a metal base 102, by a socket element 103 with a combustible tube and by a hollow part 104.
  • the semi-combustible socket is filled with propellant powder 105.
  • the element 103 of the socket is constituted by a combustible tube 106 and by the bottom 107 which is constituted by an elastic material chosen from the group of polymerization products of chloroprene, neoprene or mixtures based on ethylene and propylene such as EPDM (ethylene - propylene - diene monomer).
  • EPDM ethylene - propylene - diene monomer
  • the combustible tube 106 is advantageously obtained by spiraling sheets of combustible paper containing nitrocellulose.
  • the polymer constituting the bottom 107 preferably has a shore hardness of between 40 and 90 shores with an elongation greater than 50%. It is also imperative that the material constituting the bottom 107 has a temperature resistance greater than 1200 ° C. for a few seconds. For this reason we will prefer elastic materials containing a refractory filler such as silica fibers.
  • the materials preferred by the applicant are polychloroprene rubbers containing between 20 and 60% by weight of silica.
  • a preferred embodiment of the bottom 107 is that shown in FIG. 4 according to which the bottom 107 has a flat base provided with a circular central opening 108 and a separate lateral opening 109 and has a lateral rim 130 extended by a lip. 131.
  • the combustible tube 106 is then placed in abutment on the upper part of the lateral flange 130 and against the inner surface of the sealing lip 131. Bonding with an epoxy or cyanoacrylic adhesive makes it possible to effectively join the tube 106 and the bottom 107.
  • the sealing lip 131 is advantageously provided on its external surface with at least one external dye 132.
  • a hollow part 104 similar to the part 4 described above enters the bottom 107 through the central opening 108 and is secured to the latter.
  • the elastic bars 122 and 123 placed in the piece 104 can be constituted by simple metal rods in the shape of a "V" placed in the rectilinear openings made in the piece 104 and retained by a shoulder 133 of the bottom 107 molded against the Exhibit 104.
  • FIG. 6 shows a bar 122 according to this preferred embodiment. The two arms of this bar make between them an angle ⁇ (alpha) of 175 °.
  • the metal base 102 then has a very simple shape since it essentially has the form of a flat disc provided with a central opening 108 and extended by a hollow end piece 124, similar to the hollow end piece 24 described above, and which carries a circular groove 126 constituting the complementary fixing means of the bars 122 and 123.
  • a semi-combustible case according to this preferred variant of the invention has the double advantage of a very great simplicity of manufacture and a very high efficiency in terms of the seal at the rear of the shell during firing. Indeed, at the time of firing, the sealing lip 131, especially when it is provided with flanges 132, ensures by plating against the chamber of the weapon the sealing at low pressure, then the side wall 130 of the bottom 107 similarly, provides medium pressure sealing and finally the metal base 102 provides high pressure sealing. There is thus a socket ensuring perfect sealing in all pressure ranges.
  • the shell elements according to the invention can also be used for fully combustible shell with combustible base, in particular when the bottom 7 of said element is itself combustible.
  • a semi-combustible shell munition according to the invention essentially consists of a shell and a semi-combustible shell (1,101) according to the invention.
  • a semi-combustible socket consists of a socket element 3 or 103 as described above, of a metal base 2 or 102 carrying a central tip 24 or 124 hollow which enters the recess of the hollow part 4 or 104 and which comprises fixing means 26 or 126 complementary to those carried by said hollow part.
  • the semi-combustible socket contains, as already said above, an ignition powder 5 or 105, an ignition tube as well as an igniter plug.
  • the ignition tube is shown under the reference 34 in Figure 1 and under the reference 134 in Figure 4.
  • the igniter plug has not been shown, for clarity, in the figures but is housed in the 'central opening 8 or 108 of the base 2 or 102 respectively.
  • An essential advantage provided by the invention is the simplicity of production and powder loading of an arrow shell munition having a tail unit penetrating deep into the combustible tube.
  • FIG. 7 schematically illustrates the assembly process and loading according to the invention of such ammunition.
  • a munition 40 with an arrow shell.
  • the arrow shell consists of arrow 41, a shoe 42 fixed to a combustible tube 44 and a tail 43 penetrating deep into the combustible tube 44 of a socket element according to the invention.
  • This tube 44 is obtained by spiraling strips of combustible paper and ends with a bottom 45 made of elastic material according to a preferred variant of the invention.
  • the tube 44 and the bottom 45 constitute the socket element according to the invention.
  • a hollow part 46 In the torn-off part of the bottom 45, a hollow part 46 according to the invention is recognized.
  • the propellant powder has not yet been introduced into the socket element but the space necessary for the ignition tube has been reserved by fixing a tube 47 in the extension of the hollow part 46.
  • This tube 47 can be the ignition tube itself or a protective tube inside which will be housed the ignition tube carried by the igniter plug.
  • the ammunition 40 thus formed being positioned as shown in Figure 7, that is to say the shell down, on a support 51, it is then easy to fill with propellant powder the entire free volume of l 'socket element by means of a funnel 49 penetrating into the lateral opening 48 carried by the bottom 45.
  • a funnel 49 penetrating into the lateral opening 48 carried by the bottom 45.
  • the igniter plug can then be fixed to the base 50 so as to obtain the semi-combustible ammunition ready for use.
  • An additional advantage of the invention exists when the reservation of the space necessary for the ignition tube is made by a protective tube which does not allow the powder to pass. In this case, the ammunition 40 can be transported or stored un-primed without an igniter plug, the latter being incorporated into the ammunition only at the time of use, which increases the safety presented by the munitions according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Lighters Containing Fuel (AREA)

Description

La présente invention se rapporte au domaine des munitions combustibles. Plus précisément l'invention concerne un élément de douille à tube combustible ainsi qu'une munition à douille semi-combustible incorporant cet élément. L'invention concerne également un procédé de chargement d'une telle munition semi-combustible.The present invention relates to the field of combustible ammunition. More precisely, the invention relates to a socket element with a combustible tube as well as a semi-combustible socket munition incorporating this element. The invention also relates to a method for loading such semi-combustible ammunition.

Dans l'artillerie traditionnelle il est connu d'utiliser des munitions à douille métallique, le plus souvent en laiton.In traditional artillery it is known to use ammunition with metallic casing, generally brass.

Si la douille métallique présente des avantages certains au plan de la robustesse et de l'étanchéïté à l'arrière de l'obus au moment du tir, elle présente cependant de nombreux inconvénients.If the metal case has certain advantages in terms of robustness and sealing at the rear of the shell at the time of firing, it does however have many disadvantages.

Etant en métal elle ne participe pas à la combustion du chargement propulsif et représente un volume mort inutile au point de vue balistique. Par ailleurs, après combustion du chargement propulsif, elle contient de nombreux gaz toxiques, ce qui représente un handicap certain lorsqu'elle doit être extraite et conservé à l'intérieur d'une enceinte fermée, comme par exemple un char de combat. Enfin son métal constitutif étant en général un alliage à base de cuivre, son prix de revient est élevé.Being made of metal, it does not participate in the combustion of the propellant charge and represents a dead volume which is useless from a ballistic point of view. Furthermore, after combustion of the propellant charge, it contains many toxic gases, which represents a certain handicap when it must be extracted and stored inside a closed enclosure, such as for example a combat tank. Finally, since its constituent metal is generally a copper-based alloy, its cost price is high.

Pour s'affranchir de ces inconvénients une solution consiste à utiliser des douilles entièrement combustibles. La douille combustible présente en effet le double avantage de participer à la combustion du chargement propulsif et, ce faisant, d'apporter un supplément d'énergie et de ne laisser, après combustion, aucun volume solide contenant des gaz toxiques. Pour ces raisons il est largement fait appel dans les munitions modernes aux douilles entièrement combustibles. Néanmoins ces dernières présentent, par rapport aux douilles métalliques, un inconvénient au niveau de l'étanchéïté lors du tir à l'arrière de l'obus. En effet les douilles combustibles n'apportent pas, du fait même qu'elles se détruisent au moment du tir, de complément d'étanchéïté à celle présentée par le dispositif de fermeture de la culasse. Dans les systèmes d'arme usuels, le dispositif de fermeture assure en général une étanchéïté efficace jusqu'à 3x10⁸ Pa soit 3000 bars. Cette limite est tout à fait acceptable pour la plupart des obus traditionnels et autorise l'emploi d'une douille entièrement combustible. Mais cette limite est insuffisante pour certains obus comme les obus-flèche destinés à percer des blindages et qui doivent être tirés à des pressions supérieures, pouvant atteindre 7x10⁸ Pa soit 7000 bars. Dans ce cas la douille métallique présente l'avantage, si l'on ne veut pas modifier et alourdir la culasse du système d'arme, d'apporter par son culot métallique le complément indispensable d'étanchéïté.To overcome these drawbacks, one solution consists in using fully combustible sockets. The combustible case has the double advantage of participating in the combustion of the propellant charge and, in so doing, of providing additional energy and of leaving, after combustion, no solid volume containing toxic gases. For these reasons it is widely used in modern ammunition with fully combustible casings. However, the latter have, compared to the sockets metal, a drawback in terms of sealing when firing at the rear of the shell. In fact, the combustible sockets do not provide, by the very fact that they destroy themselves at the time of the firing, of additional sealing to that presented by the breech closure device. In conventional weapon systems, the closing device generally provides an effective seal up to 3 × 10⁸ Pa, ie 3000 bars. This limit is perfectly acceptable for most traditional shells and allows the use of a fully combustible cartridge case. However, this limit is insufficient for certain shells such as the arrow-shells intended to pierce armor and which must be fired at higher pressures, up to 7 × 10⁸ Pa or 7000 bars. In this case the metal socket has the advantage, if one does not want to modify and weigh down the breech of the weapon system, to bring by its metallic base the essential complement of sealing.

Pour ce type d'obus, une solution particulièrement intéressante est apportée par les douilles semi-combustibles constituées d'une part par un élément combustible en forme d'étui et par un culot métallique. Dans ce type de douille l'étui combustible participe à la combustion du chargement propulsif en apportant un complément d'énergie et en évitant la retenue d'une quantité importante de gaz toxiques tandis que le culot métallique assure une étanchéïté efficace à l'arrière du projectile même à des pressions très élevées. Il existe essentiellement deux types de douilles semi-combustibles. Dans le premier type, l'élément combustible est simplement un tube combustible, obtenu avantageusement par spiralage de papier combustible, la jonction avec le culot métallique se faisant par l'intermédiaire d'une pièce de fond complémentaire, comme décrit par exemple dans l'addition 87 428 au brevet français 1 349 818. Dans le second type, décrit par exemple dans le brevet français 2 365 096, l'élément combustible comporte à la fois une partie tubulaire et un fond pouvant s'encastrer directement dans le culot métallique. Un tel élément combustible est de préférence obtenu par feutrage à partir d'une bouillie aqueuse contenant les matières conposant l'élément combustible.For this type of shell, a particularly advantageous solution is provided by the semi-combustible sockets constituted on the one hand by a combustible element in the form of a case and by a metal base. In this type of socket, the combustible case participates in the combustion of the propellant charge by providing additional energy and avoiding the retention of a large quantity of toxic gases while the metal base ensures an effective seal at the rear of the projectile even at very high pressures. There are basically two types of semi-combustible sockets. In the first type, the combustible element is simply a combustible tube, advantageously obtained by spiraling of combustible paper, the junction with the metal base being effected by means of a complementary bottom piece, as described for example in the addition 87,428 to French patent 1,349,818. In the second type, described for example in French patent 2,365,096, the fuel element comprises both a tubular part and a bottom which can be embedded directly in the metal base. Such a combustible element is preferably obtained by felting from an aqueous slurry containing the materials constituting the element. combustible.

Comme il peut être observé dans les brevets sus-cités, la fixation de l'élément combustible au culot métallique se fait par l'intermédiaire d'une pièce de fixation, en général une bague de fixation, venant coincer le fond de l'élément combustible autour d'un col interne creux porté par le culot métallique. Cette solution est pratique mais implique nécessairement que l'intérieur de l'élément combustible soit dégagé au moment de la fixation du culot métallique pour permettre l'introduction et le positionnement de la dite pièce de fixation. En conséquence, dans les douilles semi-combustibles connues actuellement, on ne peut introduire la poudre propulsive qu'après mise en place du culot métallique. Par ailleurs un allumage correct des munitions de gros calibre nécessite la présence d'un tube d'allumage qui se trouve dans le prolongement du dit col creux porté par le culot métallique et qui, pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité, doit préférentiellement être mis en place avant l'introduction de la poudre.As can be observed in the aforementioned patents, the fixing of the fuel element to the metal base is done by means of a fixing part, in general a fixing ring, coming to wedge the bottom of the element fuel around a hollow internal neck carried by the metal base. This solution is practical but necessarily implies that the interior of the fuel element is cleared at the time of fixing the metal base to allow the introduction and positioning of said fixing part. Consequently, in the semi-combustible sockets currently known, the propellant powder can only be introduced after the metal base has been put in place. Furthermore, correct ignition of large caliber ammunition requires the presence of an ignition tube which is an extension of said hollow neck carried by the metal base and which, for obvious safety reasons, should preferably be put in place. place before the introduction of the powder.

Dans ces conditions il n'est donc pas possible d'assurer un chargement correct en poudre propulsive d'une munition semi-combustible par le fond de cette dernière.Under these conditions it is therefore not possible to ensure correct loading of propellant powder of a semi-combustible munition from the bottom of the latter.

Il est par contre facile de charger en poudre une munition semi-combustible par l'extrêmité ouverte du tube de l'élément combustible qui est opposée au culot métallique et de mettre ensuite en place l'obus. Cette solution convient bien dans le cas des obus traditionnels qui ont un fond arrondi qui pénètre peu dans le tube combustible.On the other hand, it is easy to load a semi-combustible munition with powder through the open end of the tube of the combustible element which is opposite to the metal base and then to place the shell. This solution is well suited in the case of traditional shells which have a rounded bottom which penetrates little into the combustible tube.

Par contre il apparaît une nouvelle difficulté avec les obus-flèche qui ont un empennage pénètrant profondément dans le tube combustible. Pour des raisons évidentes de sécurité ces obus doivent être fixés à l'élément combustible avant l'introduction de la poudre. Pour ce type de munition, l'introduction de la poudre devant être faite après mise à poste du culot métallique et de l'obus, cette introduction ne peut être effectuée que par une ouverture latérale pratiquée dans la paroi du tube combustible, ouverture qui doit ensuite être refermée. Les matériaux combustibles se prêtent mal à ce type de découpe et l'automatisation de la fabrication de munitions semi-combustibles à obus-flèche est actuellement pratiquement impossible.On the other hand, a new difficulty appears with the arrow shells which have a tail unit penetrating deep into the combustible tube. For obvious safety reasons, these shells must be attached to the fuel element before the powder is introduced. For this type of ammunition, the introduction of the powder in front be made after placing the metal base and the shell, this introduction can only be carried out by a lateral opening made in the wall of the fuel tube, opening which must then be closed. Combustible materials do not lend themselves well to this type of cutting and the automation of the manufacture of semi-combustible ammunition with arrow-shells is currently practically impossible.

L'objet de la présente invention est précisément du supprimer les difficultés énoncées ci-dessus en proposant un élément de douille à tube combustible qui puisse être chargé en poudre par le fond après mise en place de l'obus et du tube d'allumage ou de la réservation de ce dernier mais avant mise en place du culot métallique de manière à permettre une fabrication aisée et automatisable des munitions semi-combustibles à obus flèche.The object of the present invention is precisely to eliminate the difficulties set out above by proposing a socket element with a combustible tube which can be loaded with powder from the bottom after the shell and the ignition tube have been installed, or of the reservation of the latter but before installation of the metal base so as to allow easy and automated manufacture of semi-combustible munitions with arrow shells.

L'invention concerne donc un élément de douille à tube combustible comprenant notamment un tube combustible et un fond possédant une ouverture centrale, tel qu'il est connu du document FR-A-2 365 096, caractérisé en ce que le dit fond comporte à côté de la dite ouverture centrale, une ouverture latérale distincte et en ce que est solidarisée au dit fond une pièce creuse qui pénètre dans le dit élément de douille par la dite ouverture centrale sans obturer la dite ouverture latérale et qui comporte sur toute sa hauteur un évidement central délimité par une paroi interne sur laquelle sont ménagés des moyens permettant la fixation d'une pièce distincte à l'intérieur du dit évidement central.The invention therefore relates to a fuel tube socket element comprising in particular a fuel tube and a bottom having a central opening, as is known from document FR-A-2 365 096, characterized in that said bottom comprises at side of said central opening, a separate lateral opening and in that is secured to said bottom a hollow part which penetrates into said bushing element through said central opening without closing said lateral opening and which comprises over its entire height a central recess delimited by an internal wall on which are provided means allowing the fixing of a separate part inside said central recess.

Selon une variante préférée de l'invention, le dit fond est constitué par un matériau élastique choisi dans le groupe constitué par les produits de polymérisation de chloroprène, du néoprène, ou des mélanges à base d'éthylène et de propylène et comporte une lèvre d'étanchéïté.According to a preferred variant of the invention, said bottom consists of an elastic material chosen from the group consisting of polymerization products of chloroprene, neoprene, or mixtures based on ethylene and propylene and comprises a lip d sealing.

L'invention concerne également une munition comprenant notamment une douille semi-combustible, un projectile et un tube d'allumage caractérisée en ce que la dite douille semi-combustible est constituée par un élément de douille selon l'invention et par un culot métallique qui porte un embout central qui pénètre dans l'évidement de la dite pièce creuse et qui comporte des moyens de fixation complémentaires de ceux portés par la dite pièce creuse.The invention also relates to an ammunition comprising in particular a semi-combustible shell, a projectile and an ignition tube. characterized in that said semi-combustible socket is constituted by a socket element according to the invention and by a metal base which carries a central end piece which penetrates into the recess of said hollow part and which comprises complementary fixing means of those carried by said hollow part.

Enfin l'invention concerne également un procédé d'assemblage d'une munition selon l'invention caractérisé en ce que, après avoir réservé l'espace nécessaire au tube d'allumage à l'intérieur du dit élément et avoir fixé le projectile à l'extrémité du tube combustible opposée au dit fond, on remplit de poudre propulsive le dit élément grâce à la dite ouverture latérale et en ce que seulement après on met en place le culot métallique.Finally, the invention also relates to a method of assembling a munition according to the invention characterized in that, after having reserved the space necessary for the ignition tube inside said element and having fixed the projectile to the end of the combustible tube opposite said bottom, said element is filled with propellant powder thanks to said lateral opening and in that only after the metal base is put in place.

Ainsi grâce à la présence sur le fond de l'élément de douille d'une part d'une ouverture latérale et d'autre part d'une pièce creuse portant des moyens internes de fixation, il est possible, après avoir réservé l'espace nécessaire au tube d'allumage et avoir fixé le projectile, de remplir de poudre propulsive l'élément de douille et ce dans tout son volume utile et de fixer seulement après le culot métallique. Le tube d'allumage peut ainsi être mis en place après chargement et pose du culot métallique ce qui autorise un transport et un stockage de la munition non amorcée.Thus, thanks to the presence on the bottom of the sleeve element on the one hand of a lateral opening and on the other hand of a hollow part carrying internal fixing means, it is possible, after reserving the space necessary to the ignition tube and having fixed the projectile, to fill with propellant powder the element of socket and this in all its useful volume and to fix only after the metallic base. The ignition tube can thus be put in place after loading and fitting of the metal base, which allows transport and storage of the un-primed ammunition.

On dispose ainsi, grâce à l'invention d'un moyen simple et facilement industrialisable, de réaliser des munitions semi-combustibles à obus-flêche.Thanks to the invention, there is thus a simple and easily industrializable means of producing semi-combustible round-shell munitions.

On décrit ci-après en détail l'invention, avec ses variantes préférées, en se référant aux figures 1 à 7.

  • La figure 1 représente, vue en coupe partielle, une douille semi-combustible selon l'invention,
  • la figure 2 représente, vue en coupe, une pièce creuse selon l'invention,
  • la figure 3 représente la même pièce en vue de dessous,
  • la figure 4 représente, vue en coupe partielle, une variante préférée de réalisation d'une douille semi-combustible selon l'invention,
  • la figure 5 représente un premier moyen de fixation pouvant être porté par une pièce creuse selon l'invention,
  • la figure 6 représente un second moyen préféré de fixation pouvant être porté par une pièce creuse selon l'invention,
  • la figure 7 illustre de manière schématique la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention dans le cas d'une munition semi-combustible à obus-flêche.
The invention is described in detail below, with its preferred variants, with reference to FIGS. 1 to 7.
  • FIG. 1 shows, in partial section, a semi-combustible socket according to the invention,
  • FIG. 2 represents, in section view, a hollow part according to the invention,
  • FIG. 3 represents the same part seen from below,
  • FIG. 4 shows, in partial sectional view, a preferred variant embodiment of a semi-combustible socket according to the invention,
  • FIG. 5 represents a first fixing means which can be carried by a hollow part according to the invention,
  • FIG. 6 represents a second preferred fixing means which can be carried by a hollow part according to the invention,
  • Figure 7 schematically illustrates the implementation of the method according to the invention in the case of a semi-combustible round-shell munition.

La figure 1 représente, en coupe partielle, la partie inférieure d'une douille 1 semi-combustible selon l'invention. Cette douille est principalement constituée par un culot métallique 2, un élément 3 à tube combustible et par une pièce creuse 4. La douille semi-combustible est remplie de poudre propulsive 5.Figure 1 shows, in partial section, the lower part of a semi-combustible socket 1 according to the invention. This socket is mainly constituted by a metal base 2, an element 3 with a combustible tube and by a hollow part 4. The semi-combustible socket is filled with propellant powder 5.

L'élément de douille 3 à tube combustible comprend notamment un tube combustible 6 et un fond également combustible 7 formant une pièce unique. Cette pièce unique est avantageusement obtenue par une technique de feutrage à partir d'une bouillie aqueuse contenant un mélange de fibres de nitrocellulose et de fibres de cellulose. Le fond 7 possède une ouverture centrale circulaire 8.The socket element 3 with a combustible tube comprises in particular a combustible tube 6 and an also combustible bottom 7 forming a single piece. This unique piece is advantageously obtained by a felting technique from an aqueous slurry containing a mixture of nitrocellulose fibers and cellulose fibers. The bottom 7 has a circular central opening 8.

De manière caractéristique le fond 7 comporte à côté de la dite ouverture centrale 8 une ouverture latérale distincte 9.Typically, the bottom 7 comprises, next to said central opening 8, a separate lateral opening 9.

Une pièce creuse 4 pénètre dans le dit élément de douille 3 par la dite ouverture centrale sans obturer la dite ouverture latérale 9 et est solidarisée au dit fond 7.
La dite pièce creuse 4 comporte sur toute sa hauteur un évidement central délimité par une paroi interne sur laquelle sont ménagés des moyens permettant la fixation d'une pièce distincte à l'intérieur du dit évidement central.A hollow part 4 enters said socket element 3 through the said central opening without closing said lateral opening 9 and is secured to said bottom 7.
Said hollow part 4 has over its entire height a central recess delimited by an internal wall on which are provided means allowing the fixing of a separate part inside said central recess.

On a représenté aux figures 2 et 3 une pièce creuse 4 préférée selon l'invention qui a la forme d'une virole de révolution. Cette virole qui est en une seule pièce comporte une partie cylindrique inférieure 10 dont le diamètre extérieure est égal à celui de l'ouverture centrale 8 du fond 7, une partie cylindrique médiane 11 de même diamètre intérieur que la partie 10 et une partie cylindrique supérieure 12 dont le diamètre intérieur est égal au diamètre du tube d'allumage qui sera utilisé dans la munition ou de sa réservation.FIGS. 2 and 3 show a preferred hollow part 4 according to the invention which has the shape of a ferrule of revolution. This ferrule which is in one piece has a lower cylindrical part 10 whose external diameter is equal to that of the central opening 8 of the bottom 7, a central cylindrical part 11 of the same internal diameter as the part 10 and an upper cylindrical part 12 whose internal diameter is equal to the diameter of the ignition tube which will be used in the ammunition or its reservation.

Une butée extérieure 13 est avantageusement prévue à la jonction des parties 10 et 11 de manière à permettre à la pièce 4 de prendre un appui franc sur le fond 7 et à permettre une solidarisation aisée, par exemple par collage.An external stop 13 is advantageously provided at the junction of the parts 10 and 11 so as to allow the part 4 to take a firm support on the bottom 7 and to allow easy joining, for example by gluing.

La pièce creuse 4 est avantageusement constituée par un matériau élastique comme un caoutchouc. Comme caoutchoucs on préfèrera ceux qui satisfont aux conditions suivantes : résister à 3000°C pendant 10 millisecondes, être étanche jusqu'à 7x10⁸ Pa soit 7000 bars et être compatible avec la nitroglycérine. Pour le collage de la pièce 4 sur le fond 7 les col les de type époxy ou cyanoacrylique sont préconisées par la demanderesse.The hollow part 4 is advantageously constituted by an elastic material such as a rubber. As rubbers, we prefer those which satisfy the following conditions: resist 3000 ° C for 10 milliseconds, be waterproof up to 7x10⁸ Pa or 7000 bars and be compatible with nitroglycerin. For bonding the part 4 to the bottom 7, the epoxy or cyanoacrylic type necks are recommended by the applicant.

Sur toute sa hauteur la pièce creuse 4 présente un évidement central 14 délimité par les parois internes des parties 10,11 et 12.Over its entire height, the hollow part 4 has a central recess 14 delimited by the internal walls of the parts 10, 11 and 12.

La paroi interne 15 de la partie supérieure 12 porte avantageusement une butée intérieure 16 destinée à faciliter la mise en place ultérieure du tube d'allumage ou de sa réservation.The internal wall 15 of the upper part 12 advantageously carries an internal stop 16 intended to facilitate the positioning the ignition tube or its reservation.

Sur la paroi interne 17 de la partie médiane 11 qui se trouve située entre le fond 7 de l'élément de douille 3 et la dite butée intérieure 16 sont ménagés des moyens 18 permettant la fixation d'une pièce distincte à l'intérieur du dit évidement central 14.On the internal wall 17 of the middle part 11 which is located between the bottom 7 of the socket element 3 and the said internal stop 16 are provided means 18 allowing the fixing of a separate part inside the said central recess 14.

Ces moyens 18 sont avantageusement constitués par deux ouvertures rectilignes 19 et 20 pratiquées sur toute l'épaisseur de la paroi de la partie médiane 11 de manière à être parallèles et disposées de part et d'autre de l'axe de la dite virole dans un même plan perpendiculaire au dit axe, comme représenté à la figure 3, et par un anneau métallique élastique 21 comportant deux parties rectilignes 22 et 23 formant barettes et engagées respectivement dans les ouvertures 19 et 20. Un tel anneau métallique 21 est représenté à la figure 5.These means 18 are advantageously constituted by two rectilinear openings 19 and 20 made over the entire thickness of the wall of the middle part 11 so as to be parallel and arranged on either side of the axis of said shell in a same plane perpendicular to said axis, as shown in FIG. 3, and by an elastic metal ring 21 comprising two rectilinear parts 22 and 23 forming bars and engaged respectively in the openings 19 and 20. Such a metal ring 21 is represented in the figure 5.

Le culot métallique 2 porte de manière caractéristique un embout central creux 24 dont l'extrêmité 25 est tronconique et qui porte une gorge circulaire 26. Lorsque le culot 24 est mis en place, l'embout 24 pénètre dans l'évidement 14 de la pièce 4, son extrêmité tronconique 25 repousse les barettes élastiques 22 et 23 qui reprennent, après introduction complète de l'embout leur position initiale en venant s'insérer dans la gorge 26 du culot, interdisant alors tout retrait de ce dernier, la gorge 26 de l'embout 24 constituant ainsi un moyen de fixation complémentaire de ceux portés par la pièce creuse 4.The metal base 2 typically carries a hollow central end piece 24 whose end 25 is frustoconical and which carries a circular groove 26. When the base 24 is put in place, the end piece 24 enters the recess 14 of the part 4, its frustoconical end 25 repels the elastic bars 22 and 23 which resume, after complete insertion of the endpiece their initial position by being inserted into the groove 26 of the base, then prohibiting any withdrawal of the latter, the groove 26 of the endpiece 24 thus constituting a fixing means complementary to those carried by the hollow part 4.

Dans le cas de la douille semi-combustible représentée à la figure 1, le culot métallique 2 comporte un rebord 27 terminé par un joint d'étanchéïté 28 venant s'appliquer contre le tube combustible 6.In the case of the semi-combustible socket shown in FIG. 1, the metal base 2 has a flange 27 terminated by a seal 28 coming to bear against the combustible tube 6.

Par ailleurs, de manière à améliorer la solidarisation du fond 7 avec la pièce 4, une rondelle métallique 29 est avantageusement disposée entre le fond 7 et le culot 2.Furthermore, in order to improve the connection between the bottom 7 and the part 4, a metal washer 29 is advantageously placed between the bottom 7 and the base 2.

On a présenté à la figure 4, en coupe partielle, la partie inférieure d'une douille semi-combustible 101 selon une variante préférée de réalisation de l'invention . Cette douille est principalement constituée par un culot métallique 102, par un élément de douille 103 à tube combustible et par une pièce creuse 104. La douille semi-combustible est remplie de poudre propulsive 105.There is shown in Figure 4, in partial section, the lower part of a semi-combustible sleeve 101 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. This socket is mainly constituted by a metal base 102, by a socket element 103 with a combustible tube and by a hollow part 104. The semi-combustible socket is filled with propellant powder 105.

Selon cette réalisation préférée de l'invention l'élément 103 de douille est constitué par un tube combustible 106 et par fond 107 qui est constitué par un matériau élastique choisi dans le groupe des produits de polymérisation du chloroprène, du néoprène ou des mélanges à base d'éthylène et de propylène comme l'EPDM (éthylène - propylène - diène monomère).According to this preferred embodiment of the invention, the element 103 of the socket is constituted by a combustible tube 106 and by the bottom 107 which is constituted by an elastic material chosen from the group of polymerization products of chloroprene, neoprene or mixtures based on ethylene and propylene such as EPDM (ethylene - propylene - diene monomer).

Dans cette réalisation le tube combustible 106 est avantageusement obtenu par spiralage de feuilles de papier combustible contenant de la nitrocellulose.In this embodiment, the combustible tube 106 is advantageously obtained by spiraling sheets of combustible paper containing nitrocellulose.

Le polymère constituant le fond 107 a préférentiellement une dureté shore comprise entre 40 et 90 shores avec un allongement supérieur à 50%. Il est par ailleurs impératif que le matériau constitutif du fond 107 ait une tenue en température supérieure à 1200°C pendant quelques secondes. Pour cette raison ont préfèrera les matériaux élastiques contenant une charge réfractaire comme les fibres de silice.The polymer constituting the bottom 107 preferably has a shore hardness of between 40 and 90 shores with an elongation greater than 50%. It is also imperative that the material constituting the bottom 107 has a temperature resistance greater than 1200 ° C. for a few seconds. For this reason we will prefer elastic materials containing a refractory filler such as silica fibers.

Les matériaux préférés par la demanderesse sont les caoutchoucs polychloroprènes contenant entre 20 et 60% en poids de silice.The materials preferred by the applicant are polychloroprene rubbers containing between 20 and 60% by weight of silica.

Une forme préférée de réalisation du fond 107 est celle représentée à la figure 4 selon laquelle le fond 107 a une base plane munie d'une ouverture centrale circulaire 108 et d'une ouverture latérale distincte 109 et possède un rebord latéral 130 prolongé par une lèvre d'étanchéïté 131. Le tube combustible 106 est alors placé en appui sur la partie supérieure du rebord latéral 130 et contre la surface intérieure de la lèvre d'étanchéïté 131. Un collage avec une colle époxy ou cyanoacrylique permet de solidariser efficacement le tube 106 et le fond 107.A preferred embodiment of the bottom 107 is that shown in FIG. 4 according to which the bottom 107 has a flat base provided with a circular central opening 108 and a separate lateral opening 109 and has a lateral rim 130 extended by a lip. 131. The combustible tube 106 is then placed in abutment on the upper part of the lateral flange 130 and against the inner surface of the sealing lip 131. Bonding with an epoxy or cyanoacrylic adhesive makes it possible to effectively join the tube 106 and the bottom 107.

La lèvre d'étanchéïté 131 est avantageusement munie sur sa surface extérieure d'au moins une colorette externe 132.The sealing lip 131 is advantageously provided on its external surface with at least one external dye 132.

Bien entendu une pièce creuse 104 analogue à la pièce 4 décrite plus haut pénètre dans le fond 107 par l'ouverture centrale 108 et est solidarisé à ce dernier. Dans cette réalisation il est possible de rendre solidaires la pièce creuse 104 et le fond 107 par surmoulage sans avoir recours à un collage.Of course a hollow part 104 similar to the part 4 described above enters the bottom 107 through the central opening 108 and is secured to the latter. In this embodiment, it is possible to make the hollow part 104 and the bottom 107 integral by overmolding without having to use bonding.

Dans ce cas les barettes élastiques 122 et 123 placées dans la pièce 104 peuvent être constituées par de simples tiges métalliques en forme de "V" placées dans les ouvertures rectilignes pratiquées dans la pièce 104 et retenues par un épaulement 133 du fond 107 surmoulé contre la pièce 104. On a représenté à la figure 6 une barette 122 selon cette réalisation préférée. Les deux bras de cette barette font entre eux un angle α (alpha) de 175°.In this case, the elastic bars 122 and 123 placed in the piece 104 can be constituted by simple metal rods in the shape of a "V" placed in the rectilinear openings made in the piece 104 and retained by a shoulder 133 of the bottom 107 molded against the Exhibit 104. FIG. 6 shows a bar 122 according to this preferred embodiment. The two arms of this bar make between them an angle α (alpha) of 175 °.

Le culot métallique 102 a alors une forme très simple puisaqu'il a essentiellement la forme d'un disque plat muni d'une ouverture centrale 108 et prolongé par un embout creux 124, analogue à l'embout creux 24 décrit plus haut, et qui porte une gorge circulaire 126 constituant le moyen de fixation complémentaire des barettes 122 et 123.The metal base 102 then has a very simple shape since it essentially has the form of a flat disc provided with a central opening 108 and extended by a hollow end piece 124, similar to the hollow end piece 24 described above, and which carries a circular groove 126 constituting the complementary fixing means of the bars 122 and 123.

Une douille semi-combustible selon cette variante préférée de l'invention présente le double avantage d'une très grande simplicité de fabrication et d'une très grande efficacité au niveau de l'étanchéïté à l'arrière de l'obus lors du tir. En effet, au moment du tir, la lèvre d'étanchéïté 131, surtout lorsqu'elle est pourvue de colerettes 132, assure par placage contre la chambre de l'arme l'étanchéïté à basse pression, ensuite la paroi latérale 130 du fond 107 assure de la même façon, l'étanchéïté à moyenne pression et enfin le culot métallique 102 assure l'étanchéïté à haute pression. On dispose ainsi d'une douille assurant une étanchéïté parfaite dans toutes les gammes de pression.A semi-combustible case according to this preferred variant of the invention has the double advantage of a very great simplicity of manufacture and a very high efficiency in terms of the seal at the rear of the shell during firing. Indeed, at the time of firing, the sealing lip 131, especially when it is provided with flanges 132, ensures by plating against the chamber of the weapon the sealing at low pressure, then the side wall 130 of the bottom 107 similarly, provides medium pressure sealing and finally the metal base 102 provides high pressure sealing. There is thus a socket ensuring perfect sealing in all pressure ranges.

Bien que leur application préférentielle se si tue dans le domaine des munitions semi-combustibles, les éléments de douilles selon l'invention peuvent également être utilisés pour des douilles entièrement combustibles à culot combustible, notamment lorsque le fond 7 du dit élément est lui-même combustible.Although their preferred application is killed in the field of semi-combustible munitions, the shell elements according to the invention can also be used for fully combustible shell with combustible base, in particular when the bottom 7 of said element is itself combustible.

Une munition à douille semi-combustible selon l'invention est essentiellement constituée par un obus et par une douille semi-combustible (1,101) selon l'invention.A semi-combustible shell munition according to the invention essentially consists of a shell and a semi-combustible shell (1,101) according to the invention.

Comme il a déjà été vu plus haut, une douille semi-combustible selon l'invention se compose d'un élément de douille 3 ou 103 tel que décrit plus haut, d'un culot métallique 2 ou 102 portant un embout central 24 ou 124 creux qui pénètre dans l'évidement de la pièce creuse 4 ou 104 et qui comporte des moyens de fixation 26 ou 126 complémentaires de ceux portés par la dite pièce creuse. La douille semi combustible contient, comme il a déjà été dit plus haut, une poudre d'allumage 5 ou 105, un tube d'allumage ainsi qu'un bouchon allumeur. Le tube d'allumage est représenté sous le repère 34 à la figure 1 et sous le repère 134 à la figure 4. Le bouchon allumeur n'a pas été représenté, pour des questions de clareté, sur les figures mais vient se loger dans l'ouverture centrale 8 ou 108 du culot 2 ou 102 respectivement.As already seen above, a semi-combustible socket according to the invention consists of a socket element 3 or 103 as described above, of a metal base 2 or 102 carrying a central tip 24 or 124 hollow which enters the recess of the hollow part 4 or 104 and which comprises fixing means 26 or 126 complementary to those carried by said hollow part. The semi-combustible socket contains, as already said above, an ignition powder 5 or 105, an ignition tube as well as an igniter plug. The ignition tube is shown under the reference 34 in Figure 1 and under the reference 134 in Figure 4. The igniter plug has not been shown, for clarity, in the figures but is housed in the 'central opening 8 or 108 of the base 2 or 102 respectively.

Un avantage essentiel apporté par l'invention est la simplicité de réalisation et de chargement en poudre d'une munition à obus flèche possédant un empennage pénètrant profondément dans le tube combustible.An essential advantage provided by the invention is the simplicity of production and powder loading of an arrow shell munition having a tail unit penetrating deep into the combustible tube.

On a illustré à la figure 7 de manière schématique le procédé d'assemblage et de chargement selon l'invention d'une telle munition.FIG. 7 schematically illustrates the assembly process and loading according to the invention of such ammunition.

On reconnait, en vue partiellement arrachée, une munition 40 à obus flèche. L'obus flèche se compose de la flèche 41, d'un sabot 42 fixé à un tube combustible 44 et d'un empennage 43 pénétrant profondément dans le tube combustible 44 d'un élément de douille selon l'invention. Ce tube 44 est obtenu par spiralage de bandes de papier combustible et se termine par un fond 45 en matériau élastique selon une variante préférée de l'invention. Le tube 44 et le fond 45 constituent l'élément de douille selon l'invention.One recognizes, in partially cutaway view, a munition 40 with an arrow shell. The arrow shell consists of arrow 41, a shoe 42 fixed to a combustible tube 44 and a tail 43 penetrating deep into the combustible tube 44 of a socket element according to the invention. This tube 44 is obtained by spiraling strips of combustible paper and ends with a bottom 45 made of elastic material according to a preferred variant of the invention. The tube 44 and the bottom 45 constitute the socket element according to the invention.

Dans la partie arrachée du fond 45 on reconnait une pièce creuse 46 selon l'invention. La poudre propulsive n'a pas encore été introduite dans l'élément de douille mais l'espace nécessaire au tube d'allumage a été réservé par fixation d'un tube 47 dans le prolongement de la pièce creuse 46. Ce tube 47 peut être le tube d'allumage proprement dit ou un tube de protection à l'intérieur duquel viendra se loger le tube d'allumage porté par le bouchon allumeur.
La munition 40 ainsi constituée étant positionnée comme représenté sur la figure 7, c'est-à-dire l'obus vers le bas, sur un support 51, il est alors aisé de remplir de poudre propulsive l'intégralité du volume libre de l'élément de douille grâce à un entonnoir 49 pénétrant dans l'ouverture latérale 48 portée par le fond 45. Lorsque cette opération est terminée, il est alors possible de fixer le culot métallique 50 au fond 45 grâce à l'embout intérieur de ce culot qui pénètrera dans la pièce creuse 46 comme il a été expliqué plus haut.In the torn-off part of the bottom 45, a hollow part 46 according to the invention is recognized. The propellant powder has not yet been introduced into the socket element but the space necessary for the ignition tube has been reserved by fixing a tube 47 in the extension of the hollow part 46. This tube 47 can be the ignition tube itself or a protective tube inside which will be housed the ignition tube carried by the igniter plug.
The ammunition 40 thus formed being positioned as shown in Figure 7, that is to say the shell down, on a support 51, it is then easy to fill with propellant powder the entire free volume of l 'socket element by means of a funnel 49 penetrating into the lateral opening 48 carried by the bottom 45. When this operation is finished, it is then possible to fix the metal base 50 to the bottom 45 thanks to the inner end of this base which will enter the hollow part 46 as explained above.

Le bouchon allumeur peut alors être fixé au culot 50 de manière à obtenir la munition semi-combustible prête à l'emploi. Un avantage complémentaire de l'invention existe lorsque la réservation de l'espace nécessaire au tube d'allumage est faite par un tube de protection qui ne laisse pas passer la poudre. Dans ce cas la munition 40 peut être transportée ou stockée non amorcée sans bouchon allumeur, ce dernier n'étant incorporé à la munition qu'au moment de l'utilisation, ce qui augmente la sécurité présentée par les munitions selon l'invention.The igniter plug can then be fixed to the base 50 so as to obtain the semi-combustible ammunition ready for use. An additional advantage of the invention exists when the reservation of the space necessary for the ignition tube is made by a protective tube which does not allow the powder to pass. In this case, the ammunition 40 can be transported or stored un-primed without an igniter plug, the latter being incorporated into the ammunition only at the time of use, which increases the safety presented by the munitions according to the invention.

En tout état de cause il est à noter que l'assemblage d'une telle munition semi-combustible à obus flèche ne nécessite aucune découpe dans le tube combustible 44, aucune introduction en force d'une pièce quelconque dans la poudre propulsive et se trouve facile à automatiser.In any event, it should be noted that the assembly of such a semi-combustible ammunition with an arrow shell requires no cutting in the combustible tube 44, no force introduction of any part into the propellant powder and is found easy to automate.

Claims (12)

  1. Case element (3) with a combustible tube, comprising notably a combustible tube (6) and a base (7) having a central opening (8), characterised in that the said base has, beside the central opening (8), a separate lateral opening (9), and in that, fixed to the said base (7), is a hollow piece (4) which enters the said case element through the said central opening (8) without closing off the said lateral opening (9) and which has, over its entire height, a central recess (14) defined by an internal wall (17) on which means (18) are provided for fixing a separate piece inside the said central recess (14).
  2. Element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the said hollow piece (4) is an elastic piece.
  3. Element according to Claim 2, characterised in that the said hollow piece (4) is a cylindrical ferrule.
  4. Element according to Claim 3, characterised in that the internal wall (17) of the said hollow piece has an internal stop (16) and in that the said fixing means (18) are situated between the said base (7) and the said internal stop (16).
  5. Element according to Claim 3, characterised in that the said fixing means (18) consist of two parallel rectilinear openings (19, 20) disposed on each side of the axis of the said ferrule in one and the same plane perpendicular to the said axis, and two elastic bars (22, 23) placed in the said openings.
  6. Element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the said tube (6) and the said base (7) form only a single combustible piece.
  7. Element according to Claim 1, characterised in that the said tube (106) is a combustible tube and in that the said base (107) is formed from an elastic material chosen from the group consisting of the polymerisation products of chloroprene, neoprene or mixtures based on ethylene and propylene.
  8. Element according to Claim 7, characterised in that the said elastic material forming the base (107) contains a refractory mineral filler.
  9. Element according to Claim 7, characterised in that the said base (107) is provided with a sealing lip (131).
  10. Element according to Claim 9, characterised in that the said lip (131) is provided with at least one external collar (132).
  11. Munition comprising notably a semi-combustible case, a shell and an ignition tube, characterised in that the semi-combustible case (1, 101) consists essentially of an element (3, 103) according to any one of Claims 1 to 10 and a metal cap (2, 102) which carries a central hollow end piece (24, 124) which enters the recess in the said hollow piece (4, 104) and which includes fixing means (26, 126) complementary to those carried by the said hollow piece.
  12. Method for assembling a semi-combustible munition (40) according to Claim 11 and comprising a shell (41), a metal cap (50) and a case element consisting of a combustible tube (44), a base (45) having a lateral opening (48), and a hollow piece (46), wherein, after leaving the necessary space for the ignition tube and after fixing the shell (41) to the end of the combustible tube (44) opposite to the said base (45), the said element is filled with propellant powder by means of the said lateral opening (48), and wherein the metal cap (50) is fitted only afterwards.
EP91401507A 1990-06-25 1991-06-10 Cartridge case element with a combustible case, ammunition including a semi-combustible case possessing such an element and method for loading said ammunition Expired - Lifetime EP0463904B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9007928A FR2663730B1 (en) 1990-06-25 1990-06-25 SOCKET ELEMENT WITH FUEL TUBE, SEMI-FUEL SOCKET AMMUNITION INCORPORATING THE SAME, AND METHOD FOR LOADING SAME.
FR9007928 1990-06-25

Publications (2)

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EP0463904A1 EP0463904A1 (en) 1992-01-02
EP0463904B1 true EP0463904B1 (en) 1994-10-26

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US (2) US5247888A (en)
EP (1) EP0463904B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH081360B2 (en)
KR (1) KR940011930B1 (en)
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ES (1) ES2065636T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2663730B1 (en)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPH0618197A (en) 1994-01-25
JPH081360B2 (en) 1996-01-10
DE69104781D1 (en) 1994-12-01
US5247888A (en) 1993-09-28
KR940011930B1 (en) 1994-12-27
IL98343A0 (en) 1992-07-15
FR2663730A1 (en) 1991-12-27
US5277118A (en) 1994-01-11
DE69104781T2 (en) 1995-03-09
FR2663730B1 (en) 1992-09-11
EP0463904A1 (en) 1992-01-02
KR920001173A (en) 1992-01-30
ES2065636T3 (en) 1995-02-16

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