EP0335960B1 - Projectile intended to be fired by a fire-arm - Google Patents

Projectile intended to be fired by a fire-arm Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0335960B1
EP0335960B1 EP88909552A EP88909552A EP0335960B1 EP 0335960 B1 EP0335960 B1 EP 0335960B1 EP 88909552 A EP88909552 A EP 88909552A EP 88909552 A EP88909552 A EP 88909552A EP 0335960 B1 EP0335960 B1 EP 0335960B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
stem
casing
core
rear portion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88909552A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0335960A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Denis
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Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from EP87402203A external-priority patent/EP0310723A1/en
Priority claimed from EP87402392A external-priority patent/EP0312666A1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT88909552T priority Critical patent/ATE100577T1/en
Publication of EP0335960A1 publication Critical patent/EP0335960A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0335960B1 publication Critical patent/EP0335960B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/76—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
    • F42B12/78—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing of jackets for smallarm bullets ; Jacketed bullets or projectiles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B30/00—Projectiles or missiles, not otherwise provided for, characterised by the ammunition class or type, e.g. by the launching apparatus or weapon used
    • F42B30/02—Bullets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a projectile intended to be fired by a firearm and in particular a projectile consisting of a hard core surrounded by a continuous envelope of ductile material intended to cooperate with the scratches of the weapon, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Document FR 2 540 239 describes a projectile in which a space is provided between the casing and the core in order to reduce the friction of the projectile in the barrel. Such an arrangement is interesting but has many drawbacks.
  • the projectile which enters a soft body must keep its initial shape; on the other hand, if it encounters a hard body, for example, a shielding sheet, it should shred to cross said body. It was found that with this type of projectile there was a poor attachment of the envelope and the core and therefore a tendency to dismantle even during penetration into a slightly hard body. In addition, during the setting in motion of the projectile there is a certain risk of sliding between the core and the envelope what harms the range and the precision of the projectile.
  • a projectile comprising a core or dart with a head extended by a median part of smaller diameter terminated by a tail of larger diameter substantially equal to that of the head.
  • This steel core is surrounded by a "filling" mass, for example of lead, which is used to balance the projectile and to position its center of gravity.
  • This mass of filling giving the projectile a warhead shape is surrounded by a thin film forming an envelope without local excess thickness or undulation which would form circular grooves, or means of anchoring between the tail and the rear part of the envelope.
  • Document EP-A-0 112 216 relates to a projectile in which the core is extended by a frustoconical tail engaged by force in a ductile sleeve.
  • One of the serious drawbacks of this technique is that upon impact on a hard surface the envelope expands and thus forms a collar slowing down the penetration of the projectile.
  • the present invention aims in particular to produce a projectile overcoming these various drawbacks for the production of so-called ammunition: "ordinary, tracer, perforating, incendiary perforating, tracer incendiary perforating, incendiary, explosive and reduced fire".
  • the present invention also aims to create a projectile in which in particular the hammer is integral with the core at least on the trajectory of the projectile, which provides excellent sealing between the projectile and the barrel, as well as inside the core of the projectile and between it and the envelope, and which if necessary increases the piercing effect of the projectile.
  • the invention relates to a projectile of the above type characterized by the means of the characterizing part of the first claim.
  • the projectile comprises an axial housing produced in the core and open towards the rear of the core, a blocking member, the hammer mass, of section corresponding to that of the housing, present, at the front, a form complementary to that of the organ blocking to receive it and cooperate with it by a form connection, under the effect of a thrust exerted on the rear of the hammer mass, the respective dimensions of the blocking member and those inside the housing being such that the hammer mass which can only sink into the housing by force and / or under the effect of the start of the blow to secure the mass and the nucleus.
  • the hammer mass is either fully inserted in the housing of the core, during the production of the projectile, or that the hammer mass is slightly protruding, a few millimeters relative to the core, so that at the start of the blow, the increase in pressure in the case causes not only the ejection of the projectile, but also a push on the hammer mass which solidifies well on the blocking member inside the core, to solidify the core and the hammer mass perfectly, avoiding any separation, even slight, detrimental to the movement of the projectile on its trajectory and to the result of the impact of the projectile on its objective.
  • the hammer mass When, despite the start of the blow, the hammer mass is not completely pressed into the core while being secured to it sufficiently to avoid any relative movement of one relative to the other when the projectile travels its trajectory including in the barrel, at the time of impact, on a hard objective, the hammer mass creates as its name indicates the hammer effect increasing the efficiency of the nucleus.
  • the complementary insertion of the hammer mass into the core also ensures a seal at the rear of the projectile avoiding any separation between the core and the envelope, separation which on known projectiles is very detrimental to internal and external ballistics, and the result at the time of impact.
  • the radial stresses generated by the blocking of the hammer mass on the blocking member very slightly increase the diameter of the projectile and ensure a better seal of the latter in the barrel and can even compensate for the wear of the barrel.
  • the blocking member inside the housing of the core is a finger and the corresponding shape of the hammer mass is a housing intended to receive the blocking member.
  • This embodiment of the blocking member inside the housing and of the complementary shape of the hammer mass allows an excellent joining of these two parts for the movement of the projectile on its trajectory, while allowing if necessary the movement of "end of travel” of the hammer mass relative to the core at the time of impact.
  • the interior surface of the core housing and the exterior surface of the counterweight prefferably have helical groove / rib assemblies so that, in the event of relative movement between the core and the counterweight, this movement results in a rotation impulse communicated to the nucleus.
  • the grooves can be total or partial.
  • grooves and / or helical ribs can be provided so that at the time of the start of the blow the hammer mass moving relative to the core communicates with the latter a component of initial rotary movement, which, oriented correctly by the correct orientation of the grooves and / or the ribs, thus creates a strong rotational impulse, so that the projectile arrives at the grip of the grooves with already a rotational movement substantially identical to that which it will have in the course of the grooves.
  • the means of the invention help to launch the projectile in rotation, from the inside, that is to say by the element (core and hammer mass) having the greatest inertia which moreover relieves the connection links between the guide envelope and the core.
  • this relative rotational movement is used at the time of impact, the hammer mass then moving relative to the core which meets the objective. Thanks to the shape of the grooves / ribs, this relative movement results in a strong rotational impulse communicated to the core and which increases its perforation characteristics. Note that this hammer mass effect only occurs when the projectile encounters a hard obstacle.
  • the interior surface of the skirt of the hammer mass is of frustoconical shape so that the skirt moves apart when the hammer mass spits on the finger.
  • This form of the part of the hammer mass intended to ensure the blocking in rotation with the member of blocking the core is of a particularly simple and interesting embodiment, while guaranteeing the joining in rotation.
  • the outer surface of the core has a helical groove cooperating with the envelope.
  • the grooving is continuous over all or part of the outer surface of the core.
  • the helical grooving is carried out on the top of the bosses.
  • the envelope or if necessary the sleeve will slide on it only upon impact on a hard obstacle and will communicate to the nucleus a complementary rotational impulse, corresponding to its kinetic energy.
  • the sleeve or the envelope can be shredded into strips by grooving and notching, which prevents the perforation phase by the core from being disturbed, as is the case with certain known projectiles.
  • Such an arrangement will also be most advantageous for projectiles with rear guides. Indeed, in addition to the advantages already mentioned, it will be possible at the time of mounting the two elements to make the lips of the guide interpenetrate in the notches of the shoulder of the core, either by simple assembly or by deformation. This will serve to block the sleeve and prevent the lips of the latter from going up, however little, on the shoulder, at the start of the blow. Such an assembly will avoid known faults of the lack of precision and of the guide when the projectile passes through soft obstacles.
  • the hammer mass comprises a heel ensuring the tightness of the housing which receives this hammer mass.
  • the heel comprises a turbine.
  • the heel has elements forming a turbine so as to complete the drive of the projectile by the gases in helical movement inside the barrel.
  • active charges are introduced into the gaps or the chambers which remain between the hammer mass and the core; the blocking of the hammer mass relative to the core is sufficient to avoid any relative movement between the hammer mass and the core at the start of the shot, but at the time of impact on a hard target, the hammer mass compresses the or the active charges by moving relative to the core and causes their implementation.
  • the heel or the rear part of the hammer mass comprises sealing members which hook or cooperate with the corresponding surface of the core to complete the sealing of the latter and delay the sliding of the envelope on impact on a hard objective.
  • the projectile shown in Figure 1 comprises a core 1 of a hard material, for example steel.
  • the core 1 comprises a head 2 in the form of a warhead and a substantially cylindrical tail 3.
  • the tail 3 has an axial housing 4 intended to receive a counterweight 5, integral with the core, and making it possible to ensure the positioning of the center of gravity and, on impact, to create a water hammer effect to improve penetration.
  • the housing 4 includes notches 4a for securing the counterweight 5 (see FIG. 2).
  • the tail 3 and the head 2 are connected by a shoulder 6 of frustoconical shape whose small base is turned towards the side of the tail 3.
  • the core 1 is housed in an envelope 7 of ductile material which comprises a part 8 matching the head 2 of the core, while a free space 11 is provided between the tip of the latter and the corresponding end of the envelope in order to allow to insert a lubrication element such as metal, plastic, powder, or heating to improve the perforations without incidence.
  • a lubrication element such as metal, plastic, powder, or heating to improve the perforations without incidence.
  • the tail 3 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) has two parts 3a and 3b, the part 3a adjacent to the shoulder 6 is provided with ridges 9 which each have a radial edge 9a and an inclined edge 9b joining the base of the adjacent edge 9a.
  • the radial edges 9a are turned on the side of the direction of the thrust causing the rotation of the projectile.
  • the part 3b of the tail 3 has grooves 10 regularly angularly offset.
  • the part 8 of the envelope is extended by a rear part 12 which is engaged in the ridges 9 and in the grooves 10 by its internal surface.
  • This rear part 12 has a much greater thickness than the part 8 and has at its lateral surface undulations which form circular grooves 13 substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the projectile.
  • the rear part 12 is provided in order to leave a free space 14 in the vicinity of the shoulder 6.
  • the projecting parts cooperate with the scratches of the barrel of the weapon, which decreases by one on the other hand the friction and on the other hand reduces the wear of the scratches.
  • the free space 14 makes it possible to absorb the deformation of the envelope 7 which also makes it possible to reduce wear scratches and avoid tearing the envelope 7.
  • the free end of the rear part of the casing 7 is crimped against the free end 15 of the tail 3.
  • This free end 15 may have reliefs in order to perfect the anchoring between the casing and the core.
  • FIG. 9 shows such reliefs which are formed by a cross rib 16.
  • FIG. 10 shows a variant of the free end 15 of the tail 3 with a cross groove 17.
  • FIG. 11 shows a variant of the free end 15 of the tail 3 with four notches 18 regularly angularly offset.
  • FIG. 12 shows a series of radial grooves 19 made at the free end 15 of the tail 3. These grooves are inclined in the same direction as the grooves 9.
  • the free end of the tail is slightly frustoconical, the grooves 10 opening on this end.
  • the tail 3 comprises two series of anchoring means for the envelope 7; one could provide a single series of anchoring means and the tail 3 could have a polygonal shape.
  • the tail 3 with an octagonal section has flats 24 to ensure an intimate connection with the part 12 of the envelope.
  • the housing 4 has axial grooves 4b.
  • FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 also show alternative embodiments of the anchoring of the envelope 12 with the tail 3.
  • the tail 3 has a first groove 25 inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tail 3 and a second groove 26 inclined in the opposite direction.
  • the tail 3 has two grooves 27 and 28 located in parallel planes and inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the tail.
  • the tail 3 of Figure 8 shows a inclined groove 29 and a groove 30 situated in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the core 1.
  • the crimping of the envelope forms a seal, by thinning the free edge 32 of the crimping.
  • the projectile comprises a tail 3c pierced with an axial cavity 4c receiving a flyweight 5c.
  • the part 35 of the rear end 12c of the casing 7c is crimped onto the corresponding free edge of the tail 3c by providing a shoulder 36 and a skirt 37, while the counterweight 5c extends beyond the skirt 37, the shoulder 36 being included in it.
  • the projectile of the invention intended to be fired by a firearm consists of a core 101 forming an active mass; it is coated with an envelope 102 and comprises a housing 103 for receiving a hammer mass 104 (FIG. 16).
  • the housing 103 aligned on the axis XX of the projectile is open at the rear 105 of the projectile.
  • this housing comprises a locking member 106 in the form of a finger secured to the core 101.
  • This finger 106 can either be made of the same material as the core 101 and at the same time as the core 101, or be made separately and fixed to the core by means of a connecting means 107 integral in rotation so that the the member 106 cannot rotate relative to the core 101.
  • annular volume Between the attachment member 106 and more particularly between the peripheral surface 161 of this member 106 and the interior surface 131 of the housing 103, there is an annular volume.
  • the housing 103 and in particular its inner surface 131 as well as the locking member 106 and its surface 161 are preferably elements with rotation symmetry with respect to the axis X-X or with revolution about the axis X-X.
  • the hammer mass 104 intended to be placed in the housing 103 consists of a body 108 of cylindrical shape, provided in its front part with a housing 109 whose shape, section and length are adapted to the shape, the section and the length of the latching member 106.
  • the mass 108 is full and ends in a heel 110, for example frustoconical, the conicity of which corresponds substantially to that of the rear opening 105 of the housing 103 of the core 101.
  • the hammer mass 104 is intended to be placed in the core 101 as shown in Figure 18.
  • Figure 18 shows the relative position of the hammer mass 104 and the active core 101 for example during manufacture, when the projectile is mounted in the cartridge not shown.
  • the hammer mass 104 is fully inserted into the core 101 or only partially as it appears in FIG. 18.
  • the skirt 111 covers the member 106 so as to effectively secure the hammer mass 104 and the core 101 to prevent any relative rotation of one relative to the other on the trajectory of the projectile.
  • the hammer mass 104 is completely inserted into the core 101; the mass 104 thus has the function of increasing the energy that the projectile releases upon impact.
  • the attachment of the hammer mass 104 and the core 101 is such that it prevents any rotation relative between these two parts when the projectile travels its trajectories in the barrel and outside; it is only at the time of impact on a hard surface that the hammer mass 104 travels the distance L and releases its energy.
  • the path of the hammer mass 104 can be used to communicate to the core 101 a complementary rotational impulse at the time of impact, to increase the perforating effect of the projectile.
  • This rotation pulse is communicated to the core 101 by an appropriate connecting means, described later.
  • the respective shape of the housing 103, of the skirt 111 and of the member 106 are chosen so as to block the hammer mass 104 and the core 101 in rotation.
  • the surface 131 may for example be slightly frustoconical; it can be the same applies to the external surface of the skirt 111 or also to the shape of the internal surface of the skirt and that of the member 106.
  • the skirt 111 is constituted by branches which move apart under the effect of the depression of the member 106.
  • the member 106 is a cylindrical or frustoconical rod .
  • hammer mass 104 may also be advantageous to insert hammer mass 104 only partially during manufacture and to use a first translational movement, from the start of the shot and thanks to an internal helical grooving of the projectile, between hammer mass 104 and the core 101 to "assist in the launching" of the projectile and initiate its rotation in the barrel and its taking of grooves. For this movement, the hammer mass 104 and the core 101 are secured at the same time without eliminating the free length L which will be reduced.
  • the frustoconical rear part 110 which rests on the wall of the rear opening 105 completes the blocking and ensures perfect sealing while retaining or blocking, if necessary, the edge 112 of the casing 102.
  • this frustoconical part 110 may include hooking members 113 which are hooked in the casing 102 and in the surface of the rear opening 105 of the core 101 to increase the joining and the hooking.
  • the head of the core has greater elasticity due to the more or less significant depth of the housing of the core.
  • the invention makes it possible to give an effect of rotation to the projectile.
  • Figure 17 shows an interesting variant of the hammer mass.
  • the hammer mass 104, the core 101 and the locking member 106 are produced separately, then the hammer mass 104 and the member 106 are first assembled by introducing the latter into the hammer mass without however, move aside the skirt 111 so as not to subsequently prohibit the installation of this pre-assembled assembly in the housing of the active core.
  • FIG 19 shows another embodiment of a projectile according to the invention.
  • This hammer-mass projectile 104A differs from the projectile of FIGS. 15, 16, 17, 18 by the fact that the casing 102A only covers the rear part of the core 101A and not the whole of this core. For the rest, the characteristics are substantially identical.
  • the locking member 106A is made in one piece with the core 101A. According to a variant not shown, this member 106A could also be produced separately and then secured to the core 101A by a connecting means not shown.
  • FIG. 20 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention in which the casing 102B covers the entire core 101B.
  • the hooking member 106B and the hammer mass 104B essentially correspond to the embodiment described above. Note the sealing members 113B on the heel 110B of the hammer mass 104B.
  • FIG. 21 shows an alternative embodiment of the projectile 101C of FIG. 20.
  • This embodiment differs from the previous one in that the hammer mass 104C has grooves or ribs 114C cooperating with complementary members, (grooves or ribs) 115C made in the wall of the housing 103C.
  • the hammer mass 104C is not fully pushed into its housing, while being pressed enough there to be secured to the core 101C, at the time of impact on a hard surface, the distance L that the hammer mass can still travel relative to the core 101C makes it possible to give the core 101C a new rotational impulse improving its perforation characteristics of the objective.
  • the hammer mass 104C comprises a terminal part 110C (or according to a variant a part 111C) in the form of a turbine, so as to use the energy of the gases in helical movement inside the barrel of the weapon , after the start of the move. This makes it possible to communicate to the projectile integral in rotation with the hammer mass, an additional rotation pulse or maintenance of good rotation.
  • the embodiment of the projectile shown in FIG. 22A is of a type similar to that of the Figures 20 and 21, except that the outer surface of the rear portion 117D of the core 101D, includes bosses 118D with a grooving and / or a helical notching.
  • the shape of the corresponding part of the envelope 102D can also be embossed.
  • FIG. 22B shows schematically and on an enlarged scale the shape of the grooving 121D and the notch 122D on the bosses 118D and on the shoulder 119D of the core 101D.
  • the rear part of the envelope will slide while perfectly marrying the shape of these grooves / notches and serve as a "rotating striped barrel" for the core upon impact on a hard obstacle.
  • This grooving / notching reduces the sliding speed of the rear part of the envelope on impact.
  • the gap remaining between the housing 103 of the core 101 and the hammer mass 104 can form a cavity receiving an active mass, for example an explosive mass, powder, pyrotechnic composition, liquid such as oil, or other, to increase the effectiveness of the projectile at impact; the pressure exerted by the hammer mass at the time of impact is then sufficient to cause the implementation (ignition) of the active mass at the time of impact.
  • an active mass for example an explosive mass, powder, pyrotechnic composition, liquid such as oil, or other
  • this chamber can also receive an active mass.
  • chambers mentioned above can also remain empty or receive additional masses enabling the center of gravity of the projectile to be positioned at will or optimally.
  • the bottom of the housing 109 of the hammer mass is conical and the free end of the finger forming the locking member 106 ends in a conical tip.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

Projectile characterized by anchoring means between the external surface of the tail (3) and the corresponding internal surface of the envelope (7) and characterized in that the head (2) of the core (1) is connected to the tail by means of a shoulder (6) and, facing the tail, the envelope (7) presents a rear portion (12) having a thickness larger than that of the remainder of the envelope, said rear portion (12) being provided on the outside with undulations (13) in order to form circular grooves substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the projectile and a free space (14) being provided between the shoulder (6) and the corresponding portion of the envelope (7).

Description

L'invention se rapporte à un projectile destiné à être tiré par une arme à feu et notamment un projectile constitué d'un noyau dur entouré d'une enveloppe continue en matière ductile destinée à coopérer avec les rayures de l'arme, selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The invention relates to a projectile intended to be fired by a firearm and in particular a projectile consisting of a hard core surrounded by a continuous envelope of ductile material intended to cooperate with the scratches of the weapon, according to the preamble of claim 1.

La technique antérieure connaît différents projectiles de ce type.The prior art knows different projectiles of this type.

Le document FR 2 540 239 décrit un projectile dans lequel un espace est ménagé entre l'enveloppe et le noyau afin de réduire les frottements du projectile dans le canon. Une telle disposition est intéressante mais présente de nombreux inconvénients.Document FR 2 540 239 describes a projectile in which a space is provided between the casing and the core in order to reduce the friction of the projectile in the barrel. Such an arrangement is interesting but has many drawbacks.

Le projectile qui pénètre dans un corps mou doit garder sa forme initiale ; par contre, s'il rencontre un corps dur, par exemple, une tôle de blindage, il devrait se déchemiser pour traverser ledit corps. On a constaté qu'avec ce type de projectile il y avait une mauvaise solidarisation de l'enveloppe et du noyau et par conséquent une tendance au déchemisage même lors de la pénétration dans un corps peu dur. De plus, lors de la mise en mouvement du projectile il y a un certain risque de glissement entre le noyau et l'enveloppe ce qui nuit à la portée et à la précision du projectile.The projectile which enters a soft body must keep its initial shape; on the other hand, if it encounters a hard body, for example, a shielding sheet, it should shred to cross said body. It was found that with this type of projectile there was a poor attachment of the envelope and the core and therefore a tendency to dismantle even during penetration into a slightly hard body. In addition, during the setting in motion of the projectile there is a certain risk of sliding between the core and the envelope what harms the range and the precision of the projectile.

Une disposition similaire est décrite dans le document FR 1 240 110 (GEVELOT) et présente par conséquent les mêmes défauts.A similar arrangement is described in document FR 1 240 110 (GEVELOT) and therefore has the same faults.

On connaît également (document CH-A-47 579) un projectile comprenant un noyau ou dard avec une tête prolongée par une partie médiane de diamètre plus petit terminée par une queue de diamètre plus grand sensiblement égal à celui de la tête. Ce noyau en acier est entouré d'une masse de "remplissage" par exemple en plomb et qui sert à l'équilibrage du projectile et au positionnement de son centre de gravité. Cette masse de remplissage donnant au projectile une forme d'ogive est entourée d'une mince pellicule formant enveloppe sans surépaisseur locale ni ondulation qui formeraient des gorges circulaires, ni moyen d'ancrage entre la queue et la partie arrière de l'enveloppe.Also known (document CH-A-47 579) a projectile comprising a core or dart with a head extended by a median part of smaller diameter terminated by a tail of larger diameter substantially equal to that of the head. This steel core is surrounded by a "filling" mass, for example of lead, which is used to balance the projectile and to position its center of gravity. This mass of filling giving the projectile a warhead shape is surrounded by a thin film forming an envelope without local excess thickness or undulation which would form circular grooves, or means of anchoring between the tail and the rear part of the envelope.

Le document EP-A-0 112 216 concerne un projectile dans lequel le noyau est prolongé par une queue tronconique engagée à force dans un manchon ductile. Un des inconvénients graves de cette technique est que lors de l'impact sur une surface dure l'enveloppe s'épanouit et ainsi forme un collet freinant la pénétration du projectile.Document EP-A-0 112 216 relates to a projectile in which the core is extended by a frustoconical tail engaged by force in a ductile sleeve. One of the serious drawbacks of this technique is that upon impact on a hard surface the envelope expands and thus forms a collar slowing down the penetration of the projectile.

La présente invention a notamment pour but de réaliser un projectile remédiant à ces divers inconvénients pour la réalisation de munitions dites : "ordinaires, traçantes, perforantes, perforantes incendiaires, perforantes incendiaires traçantes, incendiaires, explosives et le tir réduit".The present invention aims in particular to produce a projectile overcoming these various drawbacks for the production of so-called ammunition: "ordinary, tracer, perforating, incendiary perforating, tracer incendiary perforating, incendiary, explosive and reduced fire".

La présente invention a également pour but de créer un projectile dans lequel notamment la massemarteau soit solidaire du noyau au moins sur la trajectoire du projectile, qui assure une excellente étanchéité entre le projectile et le canon, ainsi qu'à l'intérieur du noyau du projectile et entre celui-ci et l'enveloppe, et qui permet le cas échéant d'augmenter l'effet perforant du projectile.The present invention also aims to create a projectile in which in particular the hammer is integral with the core at least on the trajectory of the projectile, which provides excellent sealing between the projectile and the barrel, as well as inside the core of the projectile and between it and the envelope, and which if necessary increases the piercing effect of the projectile.

A cet effet l'invention concerne un projectile de type ci-dessus caractérisé par les moyens de la partie caractérisante de la première revendication.To this end the invention relates to a projectile of the above type characterized by the means of the characterizing part of the first claim.

L'invention réalise un projectile qui présente de nombreux avantages :

  • a) l'enveloppe et le noyau forment une pièce unitaire de sorte qu'ils sont entraînés à une même vitesse de rotation, la précision et les performances étant aussi accrues.
  • b) lors de l'impact sur une surface molle l'enveloppe reste intacte.
  • c) lors de l'impact sur une surface dure le noyau peut se déchemiser avec un léger temps de retard ce qui évite la formation d'un bourrelet autour du noyau.
  • d) les frottements dans le canon sont réduits au minimum nécessaire.
  • e) la matière écrouie de l'enveloppe lors du passage du projectile dans le canon trouve sa place ce qui évite les risques de déchirures de ladite enveloppe.
  • f) du fait de l'épaisseur de la partie arrière de l'enveloppe, on évite les risques de désolidarisation de celle-ci du noyau ce qui augmente encore la précision.
The invention produces a projectile which has many advantages:
  • a) the casing and the core form a unitary part so that they are driven at the same speed of rotation, the precision and the performances being also increased.
  • b) upon impact on a soft surface the envelope remains intact.
  • c) upon impact on a hard surface, the core can shred with a slight delay, which prevents the formation of a bead around the core.
  • d) the friction in the barrel is reduced to the minimum necessary.
  • e) the work hardened material of the envelope during the passage of the projectile in the barrel finds its place which avoids the risks of tearing of said envelope.
  • f) due to the thickness of the rear part of the envelope, the risks of separation of the latter from the core are avoided, which further increases the precision.

D'autres caractéristiques avantageuses font l'objet des sous revendications.Other advantageous characteristics are the subject of the subclaims.

En particulier suivant une caractéristique avantageuse le projectile comprend un logement axial réalisé dans le noyau et ouvert vers l'arrière du noyau, un organe de blocage, la masse-marteau, de section correspondant à celle du logement, présente, à l'avant, une forme complémentaire de celle de l'organe de blocage pour le recevoir et coopérer avec lui par une liaison par la forme, sous l'effet d'une poussée exercée sur l'arrière de la masse-marteau,
les dimensions respectives de l'organe de blocage et celles à l'intérieur du logement étant telles que la masse-marteau qui ne peut s'enfoncer dans le logement que de force et/ou sous l'effet du départ du coup pour solidariser la masse et le noyau.In particular, according to an advantageous characteristic, the projectile comprises an axial housing produced in the core and open towards the rear of the core, a blocking member, the hammer mass, of section corresponding to that of the housing, present, at the front, a form complementary to that of the organ blocking to receive it and cooperate with it by a form connection, under the effect of a thrust exerted on the rear of the hammer mass,
the respective dimensions of the blocking member and those inside the housing being such that the hammer mass which can only sink into the housing by force and / or under the effect of the start of the blow to secure the mass and the nucleus.

Dans un projectile selon l'invention la masse-marteau est soit coplètement enfoncée dans le logement du noyau, à la fabrication du projectile, soit que la masse-marteau est légèrement en saillie, de quelques millimètres par rapport au noyau, si bien qu'au départ du coup, la montée en pression dans l'étui provoque non seulement l'éjection du projectile, mais aussi une poussée sur la masse-marteau qui se solidarise bien sur l'organe de blocage à l'intérieur du noyau, pour solidariser parfaitement le noyau et la masse-marteau, évitant toute désolidarisation même légère préjudiciable au mouvement du projectile sur sa trajectoire et au résultat de l'impact du projectile sur son objectif.In a projectile according to the invention, the hammer mass is either fully inserted in the housing of the core, during the production of the projectile, or that the hammer mass is slightly protruding, a few millimeters relative to the core, so that at the start of the blow, the increase in pressure in the case causes not only the ejection of the projectile, but also a push on the hammer mass which solidifies well on the blocking member inside the core, to solidify the core and the hammer mass perfectly, avoiding any separation, even slight, detrimental to the movement of the projectile on its trajectory and to the result of the impact of the projectile on its objective.

Lorsque la masse-marteau est complètement enfoncée dans le noyau, son énergie cinétique au moment de l'impact complète l'énergie cinétique du noyau proprement dit et améliore ce résultat.When the hammer mass is fully inserted into the nucleus, its kinetic energy at the time of impact completes the kinetic energy of the nucleus proper and improves this result.

Lorsque malgré le départ du coup, la masse-marteau n'est pas complètement enfoncée dans le noyau tout en étant solidarisée à celui-ci de manière suffisante pour éviter tout mouvement relatif de l'un par rapport à l'autre lorsque le projectile parcourt sa trajectoire y compris dans le canon, au moment de l'impact, sur un objectif dur, la masse-marteau crée comme son nom l'indique l'effet de marteau augmentant l'efficacité du noyau.When, despite the start of the blow, the hammer mass is not completely pressed into the core while being secured to it sufficiently to avoid any relative movement of one relative to the other when the projectile travels its trajectory including in the barrel, at the time of impact, on a hard objective, the hammer mass creates as its name indicates the hammer effect increasing the efficiency of the nucleus.

L'enfoncement complémentaire de la masse-marteau dans le noyau assure en outre une étanchéité à l'arrière du projectile évitant toute désolidarisation entre le noyau et l'enveloppe, désolidarisation qui sur les projectiles connus est très préjudiciable à la balistique interne et externe, et au résultat au moment de l'impact. De plus, les contraintes radiales engendrées par le blocage de la masse-marteau sur l'organe de blocage augmentent très légèrement le diamètre du projectile et assurent une meilleure étanchéité de celui-ci dans le canon et peuvent même compenser l'usure du canon.The complementary insertion of the hammer mass into the core also ensures a seal at the rear of the projectile avoiding any separation between the core and the envelope, separation which on known projectiles is very detrimental to internal and external ballistics, and the result at the time of impact. In addition, the radial stresses generated by the blocking of the hammer mass on the blocking member very slightly increase the diameter of the projectile and ensure a better seal of the latter in the barrel and can even compensate for the wear of the barrel.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, l'organe de blocage à l'intérieur du logement du noyau est un doigt et la forme correspondante de la masse-marteau est un logement destiné à recevoir l'organe de blocage.According to another characteristic of the invention, the blocking member inside the housing of the core is a finger and the corresponding shape of the hammer mass is a housing intended to receive the blocking member.

Cette réalisation de l'organe de blocage à l'intérieur du logement et de la forme complémentaire de la masse-marteau permet une excellente solidarisation de ces deux pièces pour le mouvement du projectile sur sa trajectoire, tout en permettant le cas échéant le mouvement de "fin de course" de la masse-marteau par rapport au noyau au moment de l'impact.This embodiment of the blocking member inside the housing and of the complementary shape of the hammer mass allows an excellent joining of these two parts for the movement of the projectile on its trajectory, while allowing if necessary the movement of "end of travel" of the hammer mass relative to the core at the time of impact.

A cet effet, il est particulièrement intéressant que la surface intérieure du logement du noyau et la surface extérieure de la masselotte comportent des ensembles rainures/nervures hélicoïdales pour qu'en cas de mouvement relatif entre le noyau et la masselotte, ce mouvement se traduise par une impulsion de rotation communiquée au noyau.For this purpose, it is particularly advantageous for the interior surface of the core housing and the exterior surface of the counterweight to have helical groove / rib assemblies so that, in the event of relative movement between the core and the counterweight, this movement results in a rotation impulse communicated to the nucleus.

Toutefois, seul l'un des deux éléments peut avoir une rainure ou nervure hélicoïdale et l'autre élément se forçant sur celui-ci. Cela simplifie considérablement la fabrication.However, only one of the two elements can have a helical groove or rib and the other element forcing on it. This greatly simplifies manufacturing.

De plus, dans chaque cas, les rainures peuvent être totales ou partielles.In addition, in each case, the grooves can be total or partial.

Ces rainures et/ou nervures hélicoïdales peuvent être prévues pour qu'au moment du départ du coup la masse-marteau se déplaçant par rapport au noyau communique à celui-ci une composante de mouvement de rotation, initiale, qui, orientée de manière correcte par l'orientation correcte des rainures et/ou des nervures, crée ainsi une forte impulsion de rotation, de sorte que le projectile arrive à la prise des rainures avec déjà un mouement de rotation sensiblement identique à celui qu'il aura au parcours des rainures.These grooves and / or helical ribs can be provided so that at the time of the start of the blow the hammer mass moving relative to the core communicates with the latter a component of initial rotary movement, which, oriented correctly by the correct orientation of the grooves and / or the ribs, thus creates a strong rotational impulse, so that the projectile arrives at the grip of the grooves with already a rotational movement substantially identical to that which it will have in the course of the grooves.

Ainsi dans tous les cas, les moyens de l'invention aident au lancement en rotation du projectile, par l'intérieur, c'est-à-dire par l'élément (noyau et masse-marteau) présentant la plus grande inertie ce qui de plus soulage les liens de solidarisation entre l'enveloppe guide et le noyau.Thus in all cases, the means of the invention help to launch the projectile in rotation, from the inside, that is to say by the element (core and hammer mass) having the greatest inertia which moreover relieves the connection links between the guide envelope and the core.

Suivant une deuxième possibilité, ce mouvement de rotation relatif est utilisé au moment de l'impact, la masse-marteau se déplaçant alors par rapport au noyau qui rencontre l'objectif. Grâce à la forme des rainures/nervures, ce mouvement relatif se traduit par une forte impulsion de rotation communiquée au noyau et qui en augmente les caractéristiques de perforations. Il est à remarquer que cet effet de masse-marteau ne se produit que lorsque le projectile rencontre un obstacle dur.According to a second possibility, this relative rotational movement is used at the time of impact, the hammer mass then moving relative to the core which meets the objective. Thanks to the shape of the grooves / ribs, this relative movement results in a strong rotational impulse communicated to the core and which increases its perforation characteristics. Note that this hammer mass effect only occurs when the projectile encounters a hard obstacle.

Suivant une autre caractéristique, la surface intérieure de la jupe de la masse-marteau est de forme tronconique de façon que la jupe s'écarte lorsque la masse-marteau s'embroche sur le doigt.According to another characteristic, the interior surface of the skirt of the hammer mass is of frustoconical shape so that the skirt moves apart when the hammer mass spits on the finger.

Cette forme de la partie de la masse-marteau destinée à assurer le blocage en rotation avec l'organe de blocage du noyau est d'une réalisation particulièrement simple et intéressante, tout en garantissant la solidarisation en rotation.This form of the part of the hammer mass intended to ensure the blocking in rotation with the member of blocking the core is of a particularly simple and interesting embodiment, while guaranteeing the joining in rotation.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la surface extérieure du noyau comporte un rainurage hélicoïdal coopérant avec l'enveloppe. Le rainurage est continu sur tout ou une partie de la surface extérieure du noyau. Dans le cas d'un noyau à bossages (ou à gorges) le rainurage hélicoïdal est réalisé sur le sommet des bossages.According to another characteristic of the invention, the outer surface of the core has a helical groove cooperating with the envelope. The grooving is continuous over all or part of the outer surface of the core. In the case of a bossed (or grooved) core, the helical grooving is carried out on the top of the bosses.

De plus, dans le cas d'un noyau à épaulement, il est prévu de rainurer ou cranter de façon hélicoïdale l'épaulement.In addition, in the case of a stepped core, provision is made to groove or notch helically the shoulder.

Grâce à ce rainurage de la surface extérieure du noyau et au crantage de l'épaulement s'il existe et suivant la forme hélicoïdale du rainurage, l'enveloppe ou le cas échéant le manchon glissera sur celui-ci uniquement lors de l'impact sur un obstacle dur et communiquera au noyau une impulsion de rotation complémentaire, correspondant à son énergie cinétique. En outre, suivant le cas, le manchon ou l'enveloppe peut être déchiqueté en lamelles par le rainurage et crantage, ce qui évite que la phase de perforation par le noyau ne soit perturbée, comme cela est le cas de certains projectiles connus.Thanks to this grooving of the outer surface of the core and to the notching of the shoulder if there is one and depending on the helical shape of the grooving, the envelope or if necessary the sleeve will slide on it only upon impact on a hard obstacle and will communicate to the nucleus a complementary rotational impulse, corresponding to its kinetic energy. In addition, depending on the case, the sleeve or the envelope can be shredded into strips by grooving and notching, which prevents the perforation phase by the core from being disturbed, as is the case with certain known projectiles.

Une telle disposition sera aussi des plus intéressantes pour les projectiles à guides-arrière. En effet, en plus des avantages déjà cités, il sera possible au moment du montage des deux éléments de faire interpénétrer les lèvres du guide dans les crantages de l'épaulement du noyau, soit par simple assemblage soit par déformation. Ceci aura pour but de servir de blocage au manchon et évitera que les lèvres de ce dernier ne remontent, si peu soit-il, sur l'épaulement, au départ du coup. Un tel assemblage évitera les défauts connus du manque de précision et de déchemisage du guide lors du passage du projectile dans des obstacles mous.Such an arrangement will also be most advantageous for projectiles with rear guides. Indeed, in addition to the advantages already mentioned, it will be possible at the time of mounting the two elements to make the lips of the guide interpenetrate in the notches of the shoulder of the core, either by simple assembly or by deformation. This will serve to block the sleeve and prevent the lips of the latter from going up, however little, on the shoulder, at the start of the blow. Such an assembly will avoid known faults of the lack of precision and of the guide when the projectile passes through soft obstacles.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la masse-marteau comporte un talon assurant l'étanchéité du logement qui reçoit cette masse-marteau.According to another characteristic of the invention, the hammer mass comprises a heel ensuring the tightness of the housing which receives this hammer mass.

Suivant une autre caractéristique le talon comporte une turbine.According to another characteristic, the heel comprises a turbine.

Il est particulièrement intéressant que le talon comporte des éléments formant une turbine de façon à compléter l'entraînement du projectile par les gaz en mouvement hélicoïdal à l'intérieur du canon.It is particularly interesting that the heel has elements forming a turbine so as to complete the drive of the projectile by the gases in helical movement inside the barrel.

Enfin, suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, on introduit dans les intervalles ou les chambres qui subsistent entre la masse-marteau et le noyau, des charges actives ; le blocage de la masse-marteau par rapport au noyau est suffisant pour éviter tout mouvement relatif entre la masse-marteau et le noyau au départ du coup, mais au moment de l'impact sur un objectif dur, la masse-marteau comprime la ou les charges actives en se déplaçant par rapport au noyau et provoque leur mise en oeuvre.Finally, according to another characteristic of the invention, active charges are introduced into the gaps or the chambers which remain between the hammer mass and the core; the blocking of the hammer mass relative to the core is sufficient to avoid any relative movement between the hammer mass and the core at the start of the shot, but at the time of impact on a hard target, the hammer mass compresses the or the active charges by moving relative to the core and causes their implementation.

Suivant une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le talon ou la partie arrière de la masse-marteau comporte des organes d'étanchéité qui s'accrochent ou coopèrent avec la surface correspondante du noyau pour compléter l'étanchéité de celui-ci et retardent le glissement de l'enveloppe à l'impact sur un objectif dur.According to another characteristic of the invention, the heel or the rear part of the hammer mass comprises sealing members which hook or cooperate with the corresponding surface of the core to complete the sealing of the latter and delay the sliding of the envelope on impact on a hard objective.

L'invention sera décrite avec plus de détails en se référant à des modes de réalisation particuliers donnés à titre d'exemple seulement et représentés aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe axiale longitudinale d'un projectile, selon l'invention.
  • la figure 2 est une vue en coupe suivant la ligne II-II de la figure 1.
  • la figure 3 est encore une vue en coupe suivant la ligne III-III de la figure 1.
  • la figure 4 est une vue en coupe similaire à la figure 3 d'une variante.
  • la figure 5 est encore une vue en coupe montrant une variante de réalisation.
  • les figures 6, 7 et 8 sont des vues en coupe axiale de la queue du projectile suivant trois autres modes de réalisation.
  • les figures 9, 10, 11, 12 et 13 sont des vues en perspective de l'extrémité arrière de la queue du noyau du projectile montrant différents modes de réalisation.
  • la figure 14 est une vue en coupe axiale longitudinale montrant un projectile suivant une variante de réalisation.
  • la figure 15 est une vue en coupe d'un exemple de projectile selon l'invention, non muni de sa masse-marteau,
  • la figure 16 est une vue en coupe d'un exemple de réalisation d'une masse-marteau pour le projectile de la figure 15.
  • la figure 17 est une variante de réalisation de la masse-marteau déjà munie du doigt de blocage pré-emmanché,
  • la figure 18 est une vue en coupe du projectile complet avec sa masse-marteau selon les figures 15 et 16 ou 17.
  • la figure 19 est une vue en coupe d'une première variante de projectile selon l'invention,
  • la figure 20 est une vue en coupe d'un autre exemple de projectile selon l'invention,
  • la figure 21 est une vue en coupe d'un projectile dont la masse-marteau est équipée d'une turbine selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 22A montre une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention,
  • la figure 22B est une vue de détail à échelle agrandie d'une partie du noyau montrant le rainurage/crantage.
The invention will be described in more detail with reference to particular embodiments given by way of example only and shown in the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is an axial sectional view longitudinal of a projectile according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view along line II-II of Figure 1.
  • FIG. 3 is still a sectional view along line III-III of FIG. 1.
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view similar to Figure 3 of a variant.
  • Figure 5 is still a sectional view showing an alternative embodiment.
  • Figures 6, 7 and 8 are views in axial section of the tail of the projectile according to three other embodiments.
  • Figures 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13 are perspective views of the rear end of the tail of the projectile core showing different embodiments.
  • Figure 14 is a longitudinal axial sectional view showing a projectile according to an alternative embodiment.
  • FIG. 15 is a sectional view of an example of a projectile according to the invention, not provided with its hammer mass,
  • FIG. 16 is a sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a hammer mass for the projectile of FIG. 15.
  • FIG. 17 is an alternative embodiment of the hammer mass already provided with the pre-fitted locking finger,
  • FIG. 18 is a sectional view of the complete projectile with its hammer mass according to FIGS. 15 and 16 or 17.
  • FIG. 19 is a sectional view of a first variant of a projectile according to the invention,
  • FIG. 20 is a sectional view of another example of a projectile according to the invention,
  • FIG. 21 is a sectional view of a projectile whose hammer mass is equipped with a turbine according to another embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 22A shows another alternative embodiment of the invention,
  • FIG. 22B is a detail view on an enlarged scale of a part of the core showing the grooving / notching.

Le projectile représenté à la figure 1 comprend un noyau 1 en une matière dure, par exemple en acier. Le noyau 1 comprend une tête 2 en forme d'ogive et une queue 3 sensiblement cylindrique.The projectile shown in Figure 1 comprises a core 1 of a hard material, for example steel. The core 1 comprises a head 2 in the form of a warhead and a substantially cylindrical tail 3.

La queue 3 comporte un logement axial 4 destiné à recevoir une masselotte 5, solidaire du noyau, et permettant d'assurer le positionnement du centre de gravité et, à l'impact, de créer un effet de coup de bélier pour améliorer la pénétration. Le logement 4 comporte des crans 4a pour solidariser la masselotte 5 (voir figure 2).The tail 3 has an axial housing 4 intended to receive a counterweight 5, integral with the core, and making it possible to ensure the positioning of the center of gravity and, on impact, to create a water hammer effect to improve penetration. The housing 4 includes notches 4a for securing the counterweight 5 (see FIG. 2).

La queue 3 et la tête 2 sont raccordées par un épaulement 6 de forme tronconique dont la petite base est tournée du côté de la queue 3.The tail 3 and the head 2 are connected by a shoulder 6 of frustoconical shape whose small base is turned towards the side of the tail 3.

Le noyau 1 est logé dans une enveloppe 7 de matière ductile qui comprend une partie 8 épousant la tête 2 du noyau, tandis qu'un espace libre 11 est ménagé entre la pointe de cette dernière et l'extrémité correspondante de l'enveloppe afin de permettre d'insérer un élément de lubrification tel que métal, matière plastique, poudre, ou d'échauffement pour améliorer les perforations sans incidence.The core 1 is housed in an envelope 7 of ductile material which comprises a part 8 matching the head 2 of the core, while a free space 11 is provided between the tip of the latter and the corresponding end of the envelope in order to allow to insert a lubrication element such as metal, plastic, powder, or heating to improve the perforations without incidence.

La queue 3 (voir figures 2 et 3) comporte deux parties 3a et 3b, la partie 3a adjacente à l'épaulement 6 est pourvue de stries 9 qui présentent chacune une arête radiale 9a et une arête inclinée 9b rejoignant la base de l'arête 9a adjacente. Les arêtes radiales 9a sont tournées du côté du sens de la poussée engendrant la rotation du projectile.The tail 3 (see FIGS. 2 and 3) has two parts 3a and 3b, the part 3a adjacent to the shoulder 6 is provided with ridges 9 which each have a radial edge 9a and an inclined edge 9b joining the base of the adjacent edge 9a. The radial edges 9a are turned on the side of the direction of the thrust causing the rotation of the projectile.

La partie 3b de la queue 3 comporte des rainures 10 régulièrement décalées angulairement.The part 3b of the tail 3 has grooves 10 regularly angularly offset.

La partie 8 de l'enveloppe est prolongée par une partie arrière 12 qui est engagée dans les stries 9 et dans les rainures 10 par sa surface interne. Cette partie arrière 12 a une épaisseur beaucoup plus importante que la partie 8 et présente à sa surface latérale des ondulations qui forment des gorges circulaires 13 sensiblement perpendiculaires à l'axe longitudinal du projectile.The part 8 of the envelope is extended by a rear part 12 which is engaged in the ridges 9 and in the grooves 10 by its internal surface. This rear part 12 has a much greater thickness than the part 8 and has at its lateral surface undulations which form circular grooves 13 substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the projectile.

La partie arrière 12 est ménagée afin de laisser un espace libre 14 au voisinage de l'épaulement 6. Ainsi, grâce aux ondulations 13, seules les parties en saillie coopèrent avec les rayures du canon de l'arme, ce qui diminue d'une part le frottement et réduit d'autre part l'usure des rayures.The rear part 12 is provided in order to leave a free space 14 in the vicinity of the shoulder 6. Thus, thanks to the corrugations 13, only the projecting parts cooperate with the scratches of the barrel of the weapon, which decreases by one on the other hand the friction and on the other hand reduces the wear of the scratches.

Comme l'engagement de la partie arrière 12 de l'enveloppe 7 dans les rayures engendre un écrouissage de l'enveloppe, l'espace libre 14 permet d'absorber la déformation de l'enveloppe 7 ce qui permet également de réduire l'usure des rayures et d'éviter une déchirure de l'enveloppe 7.As the engagement of the rear part 12 of the envelope 7 in the scratches generates a hardening of the envelope, the free space 14 makes it possible to absorb the deformation of the envelope 7 which also makes it possible to reduce wear scratches and avoid tearing the envelope 7.

L'extrémité libre de la partie arrière de l'enveloppe 7 est sertie contre l'extrémité libre 15 de la queue 3. Cette extrémité libre 15 peut comporter des reliefs afin de parfaire l'ancrage entre l'enveloppe et le noyau. A la figure 9, on a représenté de tels reliefs qui sont formés par une nervure en croix 16.The free end of the rear part of the casing 7 is crimped against the free end 15 of the tail 3. This free end 15 may have reliefs in order to perfect the anchoring between the casing and the core. FIG. 9 shows such reliefs which are formed by a cross rib 16.

La figure 10 montre une variante de l'extrémité libre 15 de la queue 3 avec une rainure en croix 17.FIG. 10 shows a variant of the free end 15 of the tail 3 with a cross groove 17.

La figure 11 montre une variante de l'extrémité libre 15 de la queue 3 à quatre crans 18 régulièrement décalés angulairement.FIG. 11 shows a variant of the free end 15 of the tail 3 with four notches 18 regularly angularly offset.

La figure 12 montre une série de stries radiales 19 pratiquées à l'extrémité libre 15 de la queue 3. Ces stries sont inclinées dans le même sens que les stries 9.FIG. 12 shows a series of radial grooves 19 made at the free end 15 of the tail 3. These grooves are inclined in the same direction as the grooves 9.

Enfin, selon la figure 13, l'extrémité libre de la queue est légèrement tronconique, les rainures 10 s'ouvrant sur cette extrémité.Finally, according to FIG. 13, the free end of the tail is slightly frustoconical, the grooves 10 opening on this end.

Comme le montre la figure 4, dans la partie 3b au lieu des rainures 10, on a des saillies 21 et le logement 4 a la forme d'un six pans, le noyau 5 ayant une forme correspondante.As shown in Figure 4, in part 3b instead of the grooves 10, there are projections 21 and the housing 4 has the shape of a hexagon, the core 5 having a corresponding shape.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 3, la queue 3 comporte deux séries de moyens d'ancrage pour l'enveloppe 7 ; on pourrait prévoir une seule série de moyens d'ancrage et la queue 3 pourrait avoir une forme polygonale. A la figure 5 la queue 3 à section octogonale présente des méplats 24 pour assurer avec la partie 12 de l'enveloppe une liaison intime. Dans cette variante, le logement 4 comporte des rainures axiales 4b.In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the tail 3 comprises two series of anchoring means for the envelope 7; one could provide a single series of anchoring means and the tail 3 could have a polygonal shape. In FIG. 5, the tail 3 with an octagonal section has flats 24 to ensure an intimate connection with the part 12 of the envelope. In this variant, the housing 4 has axial grooves 4b.

Les figures 6, 7 et 8 montrent encore des variantes de réalisation de l'ancrage de l'enveloppe 12 avec la queue 3.FIGS. 6, 7 and 8 also show alternative embodiments of the anchoring of the envelope 12 with the tail 3.

Dans le mode de réalisation de la figure 6, la queue 3 comporte une première rainure 25 inclinée par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de la queue 3 et une seconde rainure 26 inclinée en sens opposé.In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the tail 3 has a first groove 25 inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the tail 3 and a second groove 26 inclined in the opposite direction.

Dans la variante de la figure 7, la queue 3 présente deux rainures 27 et 28 situées dans des plans parallèles et inclinées par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de la queue.In the variant of Figure 7, the tail 3 has two grooves 27 and 28 located in parallel planes and inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the tail.

Enfin, la queue 3 de la figure 8 montre une rainure inclinée 29 et une rainure 30 située dans un plan perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal du noyau 1.Finally, the tail 3 of Figure 8 shows a inclined groove 29 and a groove 30 situated in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the core 1.

Il est encore possible pour parfaire l'assemblage de l'enveloppe et du noyau de réaliser un collage ou un soudage entre la queue 3 et la partie arrière 12.It is also possible, to perfect the assembly of the envelope and the core, to bond or weld the tail 3 and the rear part 12.

Afin d'éviter, lorsque la poudre s'enflamme, que les gaz poussant le projectile ne s'insèrent entre l'enveloppe et le noyau, le sertissage de l'enveloppe forme un joint d'étanchéité, par amincissement du bord libre 32 du sertissage.In order to prevent, when the powder ignites, that the gases pushing the projectile do not enter between the envelope and the core, the crimping of the envelope forms a seal, by thinning the free edge 32 of the crimping.

On peut également (figure 14) réaliser l'étanchéité de l'extrémité arrière du projectile d'une autre manière.One can also (Figure 14) seal the rear end of the projectile in another way.

Pour la description de cette figure 14, on a pris les mêmes références que celles utilisées pour les précédentes figures pour désigner les parties identiques, mais affectées de la lettre "c".For the description of this figure 14, we have taken the same references as those used for the previous figures to designate the identical parts, but assigned the letter "c".

Le projectile comprend une queue 3c percée d'une cavité axiale 4c recevant une masselotte 5c. La partie 35 de l'extrémité arrière 12c de l'enveloppe 7c est sertie sur le bord libre correspondant de la queue 3c en ménageant un épaulement 36 et une jupe 37, tandis que la masselotte 5c déborde la jupe 37, l'épaulement 36 étant inclus dans celle-ci.The projectile comprises a tail 3c pierced with an axial cavity 4c receiving a flyweight 5c. The part 35 of the rear end 12c of the casing 7c is crimped onto the corresponding free edge of the tail 3c by providing a shoulder 36 and a skirt 37, while the counterweight 5c extends beyond the skirt 37, the shoulder 36 being included in it.

Selon les figures 15, 16, 17, 18, le projectile de l'invention destiné à être tiré par une arme à feu se compose d'un noyau 101 formant une masse active ; il est revêtu d'une enveloppe 102 et comporte un logement 103 pour recevoir une masse-marteau 104 (figure 16).According to Figures 15, 16, 17, 18, the projectile of the invention intended to be fired by a firearm consists of a core 101 forming an active mass; it is coated with an envelope 102 and comprises a housing 103 for receiving a hammer mass 104 (FIG. 16).

Le logement 103, aligné sur l'axe X-X du projectile est ouvert à l'arrière 105 du projectile. Intérieurement, ce logement comporte un organe de blocage 106 en forme de doigt solidaire du noyau 101. Ce doigt 106 peut être, soit réalisé dans la même matière que le noyau 101 et en même temps que le noyau 101, soit être réalisé séparément et fixé au noyau par l'intermédiaire d'un moyen de liaison 107 solidaire en rotation de façon que l'organe 106 ne puisse pas tourner par rapport au noyau 101.The housing 103, aligned on the axis XX of the projectile is open at the rear 105 of the projectile. Internally, this housing comprises a locking member 106 in the form of a finger secured to the core 101. This finger 106 can either be made of the same material as the core 101 and at the same time as the core 101, or be made separately and fixed to the core by means of a connecting means 107 integral in rotation so that the the member 106 cannot rotate relative to the core 101.

Toutefois comme cela sera vu ultérieurement les efforts exercés entre noyau et masse-marteau sont suffisants pour assurer dans la plupart des cas la solidarisation en rotation.However, as will be seen later, the forces exerted between the core and the hammer mass are sufficient to ensure in most cases the connection in rotation.

Entre l'organe d'accrochage 106 et plus particulièrement entre la surface périphérique 161 de cet organe 106 et la surface intérieure 131 du logement 103, on a un volume annulaire.Between the attachment member 106 and more particularly between the peripheral surface 161 of this member 106 and the interior surface 131 of the housing 103, there is an annular volume.

Le logement 103 et en particulier sa surface intérieure 131 ainsi que l'organe de blocage 106 et sa surface 161 sont, de préférence, des éléments à symétrie de rotation par rapport à l'axe X-X ou de révolution autour de l'axe X-X.The housing 103 and in particular its inner surface 131 as well as the locking member 106 and its surface 161 are preferably elements with rotation symmetry with respect to the axis X-X or with revolution about the axis X-X.

La masse-marteau 104 destinée à être placée dans le logement 103 se compose d'un corps 108 de forme cylindrique, muni dans sa partie avant d'un logement 109 dont la forme, la section et la longueur sont adaptées à la forme, à la section et à la longueur de l'organe d'accrochage 106. A l'arrière, la masse 108 est pleine et se termine par un talon 110, par exemple tronconique dont la conicité correspond sensiblement à celle de l'ouverture arrière 105 du logement 103 du noyau 101.The hammer mass 104 intended to be placed in the housing 103 consists of a body 108 of cylindrical shape, provided in its front part with a housing 109 whose shape, section and length are adapted to the shape, the section and the length of the latching member 106. At the rear, the mass 108 is full and ends in a heel 110, for example frustoconical, the conicity of which corresponds substantially to that of the rear opening 105 of the housing 103 of the core 101.

La masse-marteau 104 est destinée à être placée dans le noyau 101 comme le montre la figure 18. En effet, la figure 18 montre la position relative de la masse-marteau 104 et du noyau actif 101 par exemple à la fabrication, lorsque le projectile est monté dans la cartouche non représentée.The hammer mass 104 is intended to be placed in the core 101 as shown in Figure 18. In fact, Figure 18 shows the relative position of the hammer mass 104 and the active core 101 for example during manufacture, when the projectile is mounted in the cartridge not shown.

Suivant les cas, à la fin du montage du projectile la masse-marteau 104 est complètement enfoncée dans le noyau 101 ou seulement de manière partielle comme cela apparaît à la figure 18.Depending on the case, at the end of the assembly of the projectile the hammer mass 104 is fully inserted into the core 101 or only partially as it appears in FIG. 18.

Dans tous les cas la jupe 111 coiffe l'organe 106 de manière à solidariser efficacement la masse-marteau 104 et le noyau 101 pour interdire toute rotation relative de l'un par rapport à l'autre sur la trajectoire du projectile.In all cases, the skirt 111 covers the member 106 so as to effectively secure the hammer mass 104 and the core 101 to prevent any relative rotation of one relative to the other on the trajectory of the projectile.

Dans certains cas la masse-marteau 104 est complètement enfoncée dans le noyau 101 ; la masse 104 a ainsi pour fonction d'augmenter l'énergie que libère le projectile lors de l'impact.In some cases the hammer mass 104 is completely inserted into the core 101; the mass 104 thus has the function of increasing the energy that the projectile releases upon impact.

Dans le cas où la masse-marteau 104 n'est pas enfoncée complètement dans le logement 103 et laisse subsister une longueur L permettant un enfoncement complémentaire, la solidarisation de la masse-marteau 104 et du noyau 101 est telle qu'elle interdit toute rotation relative entre ces deux parties lorsque le projectile parcourt ses trajectoires dans le canon et à l'extérieur ; ce n'est qu'au moment de l'impact sur une surface dure, que la masse-marteau 104 parcourt la distance L et libère son énergie.In the case where the hammer mass 104 is not fully inserted into the housing 103 and leaves a length L allowing additional depression, the attachment of the hammer mass 104 and the core 101 is such that it prevents any rotation relative between these two parts when the projectile travels its trajectories in the barrel and outside; it is only at the time of impact on a hard surface that the hammer mass 104 travels the distance L and releases its energy.

Le parcours de la masse-marteau 104 peut être mis à profit pour communiquer au noyau 101 une impulsion de rotation complémentaire au moment de l'impact, pour augmenter l'effet perforateur du projectile. Cette impulsion de rotation se communique au noyau 101 par un moyen de liaison approprié, décrit ultérieurement.The path of the hammer mass 104 can be used to communicate to the core 101 a complementary rotational impulse at the time of impact, to increase the perforating effect of the projectile. This rotation pulse is communicated to the core 101 by an appropriate connecting means, described later.

La forme respective du logement 103, de la jupe 111 et de l'organe 106 sont choisies de façon à bloquer solidairement en rotation la masse-marteau 104 et le noyau 101. Pour cela la surface 131 peut par exemple être légèrement tronconique ; il peut en être de même de la surface extérieure de la jupe 111 ou encore de forme 'de la surface intérieure de la jupe et celle de l'organe 106.The respective shape of the housing 103, of the skirt 111 and of the member 106 are chosen so as to block the hammer mass 104 and the core 101 in rotation. For this purpose the surface 131 may for example be slightly frustoconical; it can be the same applies to the external surface of the skirt 111 or also to the shape of the internal surface of the skirt and that of the member 106.

Suivant un mode de réalisation simple, la jupe 111 est constituée par des branches qui s'écartent sous l'effet de l'enfoncement de l'organe 106. Dans le cas le plus simple, l'organe 106 est une tige cylindrique ou tronconique.According to a simple embodiment, the skirt 111 is constituted by branches which move apart under the effect of the depression of the member 106. In the simplest case, the member 106 is a cylindrical or frustoconical rod .

Il peut également être intéressant de n'enfoncer la masse-marteau 104 que de manière partielle à la fabrication et d'utiliser un premier mouvement de translation, du départ du coup et grâce à un rainurage hélicoïdal interne du projectile, entre la masse-marteau 104 et le noyau 101 pour "aider au lancement" du projectile et amorcer sa mise en rotation dans le canon et sa prise de rainures. Pour ce mouvement on solidarise en même temps la masse-marteau 104 et le noyau 101 sans pour autant supprimer la longueur libre L qui sera réduite.It may also be advantageous to insert hammer mass 104 only partially during manufacture and to use a first translational movement, from the start of the shot and thanks to an internal helical grooving of the projectile, between hammer mass 104 and the core 101 to "assist in the launching" of the projectile and initiate its rotation in the barrel and its taking of grooves. For this movement, the hammer mass 104 and the core 101 are secured at the same time without eliminating the free length L which will be reduced.

La partie arrière tronconique 110 qui s'appuie sur la paroi de l'ouverture arrière 105 complète le blocage et assure une étanchéité parfaite tout en retenant ou en bloquant, le cas échéant, le bord 112 de l'enveloppe 102.The frustoconical rear part 110 which rests on the wall of the rear opening 105 completes the blocking and ensures perfect sealing while retaining or blocking, if necessary, the edge 112 of the casing 102.

De manière particulière, cette partie tronconique 110 peut comporter des organes d'accrochage 113 qui viennent s'accrocher dans l'enveloppe 102 et dans la surface de l'ouverture arrière 105 du noyau 101 pour augmenter la solidarisation et l'accrochage.In particular, this frustoconical part 110 may include hooking members 113 which are hooked in the casing 102 and in the surface of the rear opening 105 of the core 101 to increase the joining and the hooking.

Cela permet également de réaliser l'étanchéité aux gaz de manière à éviter toute décohésion ou désolidarisation même légère entre les trois parties du projectile : le noyau 101- la masse-marteau 104-l'enveloppe 102, et qui serait préjudiciable à la balistique interne et externe ainsi qu'aux performances.This also makes it possible to achieve gas tightness so as to avoid any loosening or even slight separation between the three parts of the projectile: the core 101- the hammer mass 104-the casing 102, and which would be detrimental to internal ballistics and external as well as performance.

Il est à remarquer que suivant la matière employée pour la masse-marteau 104, la tête du noyau présente une plus grande élasticité due à la profondeur plus ou moins importante du logement du noyau.It should be noted that depending on the material used for the hammer mass 104, the head of the core has greater elasticity due to the more or less significant depth of the housing of the core.

Enfin, même dans un canon lisse, l'invention permet de donner un effet de rotation au projectile.Finally, even in a smooth barrel, the invention makes it possible to give an effect of rotation to the projectile.

La figure 17 représente une variante intéressante de la masse-marteau. Dans ce cas, on réalise séparément la masse-marteau 104, le noyau 101 et l'organe de blocage 106, puis on assemble d'abord la masse-marteau 104 et l'organe 106 en introduisant ce dernier dans la masse-marteau sans toutefois écarter la jupe 111 pour ne pas interdire ultérieurement la mise en place de cet ensemble pré-assemblé dans le logement du noyau actif.Figure 17 shows an interesting variant of the hammer mass. In this case, the hammer mass 104, the core 101 and the locking member 106 are produced separately, then the hammer mass 104 and the member 106 are first assembled by introducing the latter into the hammer mass without however, move aside the skirt 111 so as not to subsequently prohibit the installation of this pre-assembled assembly in the housing of the active core.

Cette façon de procéder permet de réaliser d'une part l'ensemble pré-assemblé (masse-marteau 104 et doigt 106) et d'autre part le projectile monté sans sa masse-marteau.This procedure makes it possible, on the one hand, to produce the pre-assembled assembly (hammer mass 104 and finger 106) and, on the other hand, the projectile mounted without its hammer mass.

Cette façon de réaliser séparément les deux ensembles est possible car l'organe de blocage 106 a pour rôle principal une fonction de coin d'écartement.This way of making the two assemblies separately is possible because the main role of the locking member 106 is a spacer wedge function.

La figure 19 montre un autre mode de réalisation d'un projectile selon l'invention. Ce projectile à masse-marteau 104A se distingue du projectile des figures 15, 16, 17, 18 par le fait que l'enveloppe 102A ne recouvre que la partie arrière du noyau 101A et non l'ensemble de ce noyau. Pour le reste, les caractéristiques sont sensiblement identiques. Il est à remarquer, toutefois, que dans ce second mode de réalisation, l'organe de blocage 106A est réalisé en une seule pièce avec le noyau 101A. Suivant une variante non représentée, cet organe 106A pourrait également être réalisé séparément puis solidarisé au noyau 101A par un moyen de liaison non représenté.Figure 19 shows another embodiment of a projectile according to the invention. This hammer-mass projectile 104A differs from the projectile of FIGS. 15, 16, 17, 18 by the fact that the casing 102A only covers the rear part of the core 101A and not the whole of this core. For the rest, the characteristics are substantially identical. It should be noted, however, that in this second embodiment, the locking member 106A is made in one piece with the core 101A. According to a variant not shown, this member 106A could also be produced separately and then secured to the core 101A by a connecting means not shown.

La figure 20 montre une variante de réalisation de l'invention dans laquelle l'enveloppe 102B recouvre l'ensemble du noyau 101B.FIG. 20 shows an alternative embodiment of the invention in which the casing 102B covers the entire core 101B.

L'organe d'accrochage 106B et la masse-marteau 104B correspondent, pour l'essentiel, au mode de réalisation décrit ci-dessus. On notera les organes d'étanchéité 113B sur le talon 110B de la masse-marteau 104B.The hooking member 106B and the hammer mass 104B essentially correspond to the embodiment described above. Note the sealing members 113B on the heel 110B of the hammer mass 104B.

La figure 21 montre une variante de réalisation du projectile 101C de la figure 20. Ce mode de réalisation se distingue du précédent en ce que la masse-marteau 104C comporte des rainures ou nervures 114C coopérant avec des organes complémentaires, (rainures ou nervures) 115C réalisés dans la paroi du logement 103C. Dans ce cas, si au moment de la fabrication et après le départ du coup, la masse-marteau 104C n'est pas enfoncée complètement dans son logement, tout en y étant suffisamment enfoncée pour être solidarisée du noyau 101C, au moment de l'impact sur une surface dure, la distance L que la masse-marteau peut encore parcourir par rapport au noyau 101C permet de donner au noyau 101C une nouvelle impulsion de rotation améliorant ses caractéristiques de perforation de l'objectif.FIG. 21 shows an alternative embodiment of the projectile 101C of FIG. 20. This embodiment differs from the previous one in that the hammer mass 104C has grooves or ribs 114C cooperating with complementary members, (grooves or ribs) 115C made in the wall of the housing 103C. In this case, if at the time of manufacture and after the start of the blow, the hammer mass 104C is not fully pushed into its housing, while being pressed enough there to be secured to the core 101C, at the time of impact on a hard surface, the distance L that the hammer mass can still travel relative to the core 101C makes it possible to give the core 101C a new rotational impulse improving its perforation characteristics of the objective.

En partie arrière, la masse-marteau 104C comporte une partie terminale 110C (ou selon une variante une partie 111C) en forme de turbine, de manière à utiliser l'énergie des gaz en mouvement hélicoïdal à l'intérieur du canon de l'arme, après le départ du coup. Cela permet de communiquer au projectile solidaire en rotation de la masse-marteau, une impulsion de rotation complémentaire ou un maintien d'une bonne rotation.In the rear part, the hammer mass 104C comprises a terminal part 110C (or according to a variant a part 111C) in the form of a turbine, so as to use the energy of the gases in helical movement inside the barrel of the weapon , after the start of the move. This makes it possible to communicate to the projectile integral in rotation with the hammer mass, an additional rotation pulse or maintenance of good rotation.

Le mode de réalisation du projectile représenté à la figure 22A est de type voisin de celui des figures 20 et 21, sauf que la surface extérieure de la partie arrière 117D du noyau 101D, comporte des bossages 118D avec un rainurage et/ou un crantage hélicoïdal. La forme de la partie correspondante de l'enveloppe 102D peut, également être bosselée.The embodiment of the projectile shown in FIG. 22A is of a type similar to that of the Figures 20 and 21, except that the outer surface of the rear portion 117D of the core 101D, includes bosses 118D with a grooving and / or a helical notching. The shape of the corresponding part of the envelope 102D can also be embossed.

Enfin, au niveau de la zone 119D formant l'épaulement du noyau 101D et à l'arrière 120D, on peut également avoir un rainurage ou un crantage hélicoidal.Finally, at the area 119D forming the shoulder of the core 101D and at the rear 120D, it is also possible to have a grooving or a helical notching.

La figure 22B montre de manière schématique et à échelle agrandie la forme du rainurage 121D et du crantage 122D sur les bossages 118D et sur l'épaulement 119D du noyau 101D.FIG. 22B shows schematically and on an enlarged scale the shape of the grooving 121D and the notch 122D on the bosses 118D and on the shoulder 119D of the core 101D.

La partie arrière de l'enveloppe va glisser en épousant parfaitement la forme de ces rainurages / crantages et servir de "canon rayé tournant" pour le noyau lors de l'impact sur un obstacle dur.The rear part of the envelope will slide while perfectly marrying the shape of these grooves / notches and serve as a "rotating striped barrel" for the core upon impact on a hard obstacle.

Ce rainurage/crantage réduit la vitesse de glissement de la partie arrière de l'enveloppe à l'impact.This grooving / notching reduces the sliding speed of the rear part of the envelope on impact.

De plus, sous l'effet du rainurage/crantage le manchon ou enveloppe, peut être déchiqueté en lamelles au moment de l'impact.In addition, under the effect of grooving / notching the sleeve or envelope, can be shredded into strips at the time of impact.

Suivant une variante non représentée en détail l'intervalle subsistant entre le logement 103 du noyau 101 et la masse-marteau 104 peut former une cavité recevant une masse active par exemple explosive, poudre, composition pyrotechnique, liquide tel que de l'huile, ou autre, pour augmenter l'efficacité du projectile au moment de l'impact ; la pression exercée par la masse-marteau au moment de l'impact est alors suffisante pour provoquer la mise en oeuvre (allumage) de la masse active au moment de l'impact. Cette mise en oeuvre peut créer un nouveau départ de la masse-marteau qui peut devenir un projectile.According to a variant not shown in detail, the gap remaining between the housing 103 of the core 101 and the hammer mass 104 can form a cavity receiving an active mass, for example an explosive mass, powder, pyrotechnic composition, liquid such as oil, or other, to increase the effectiveness of the projectile at impact; the pressure exerted by the hammer mass at the time of impact is then sufficient to cause the implementation (ignition) of the active mass at the time of impact. This implementation can create a new start of the hammer mass which can become a projectile.

Comme il subsiste également une chambre dans le logement 109 de la masse-marteau 104 derrière l'organe de blocage 106, cette chambre peut également recevoir une masse active.As there is also a chamber in the housing 109 of the hammer mass 104 behind the locking member 106, this chamber can also receive an active mass.

Il est également à remarquer que les chambres évoquées ci-dessus peuvent également rester vides ou recevoir des masses complémentaires permettant de positionner à volonté ou de manière optimale, le centre de gravité du projectile.It should also be noted that the chambers mentioned above can also remain empty or receive additional masses enabling the center of gravity of the projectile to be positioned at will or optimally.

Suivant une variante représentée aux figures 16 et 17, le fond du logement 109 de la masse-marteau est de forme conique et l'extrémité libre du doigt formant l'organe de blocage 106 se termine par une pointe conique.According to a variant shown in Figures 16 and 17, the bottom of the housing 109 of the hammer mass is conical and the free end of the finger forming the locking member 106 ends in a conical tip.

Claims (19)

  1. Projectile for rifled weapons and of the type comprising a core (1) having a head in the form of an ogive (2) and a stem (3), the core (1) being inserted in a casing (7) made of ductile material, the projectile being characterised in that the head of the core is connected to the stem by a shoulder, the casing (7) comprising, opposite the stem, a rear portion (12) having a thickness which is greater than that of the remainder of the casing (7), this rear portion (12) comprising corrugations (13) which project so as to cooperate with the rifling of the barrel, these corrugations forming circular grooves which are substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the projectile, anchorage means (9, 10) being provided between the outer surface of the stem (3) and the inner surface of the rear portion (12) of the casing, and a vacant space (14) being provided between the shoulder (6) and the corresponding portion of the casing (7) so as to enable the deformation of the casing (7) to be absorbed as it passes through the barrel.
  2. Projectile for rifled weapons according to Claim 1, characterised in that the means for anchoring the rear portion (12) of the casing (7) on the stem (3) comprise striations (9) provided on the lateral surface of the stem (3), the inner surface of the rear portion (12) of the casing being inserted in the said striations (9).
  3. Projectile for rifled weapons according to Claim 2, characterised in that the striations extend longitudinally and comprise a radial ridge (9a) and an inclined ridge (9b), the radial ridge being turned towards the direction of the thrust causing the projectile to rotate.
  4. Projectile for rifled weapons according to Claim 1, characterised in that the means for anchoring the rear portion (12) of the casing on the stem (3) comprise longitudinal grooves (10) which are provided on the stem (3) and in which the inner surface of the rear portion (12) of the casing is inserted.
  5. Projectile for rifled weapons according to Claim 1, characterised in that the means for anchoring the rear portion (12) of the casing on the stem (3) comprise grooves (25, 26, 27, 28, 29 and 30) which are inclined relative to the longitudinal axis of the projectile and which are provided in the stem (3) and in which the inner surface of the rear portion (12) of the casing is inserted.
  6. Projectile for rifled weapons according to Claim 1, characterised in that the means for anchoring the rear Portion (12) of the casing on the stem (3) comprise grooves (29, 30) of which at least one is located in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the stem (3) and the others are inclined relative to the said axis and provided in the stem (3) and in which the inner surface of the rear portion (12) of the casing is inserted.
  7. Projectile for rifled weapons according to Claim 1, characterised in that the free end of the rear portion (12) of the casing is crimped at the free rear end (15) of the stem (3) which comprises anchorage means (6, 17, 18, 19) for the said crimping.
  8. Projectile for rifled weapons according to Claim 7, characterised in that the free rear end (15) of the stem (3) comprises striations (19).
  9. Projectile for rifled woapons according to Claim 7, characterised in that the free rear end (15) of the stem (3) comprises grooves (17).
  10. Projectile for rifled weapons according to Claim 7, characterised in that the free rear end (15) of the stem (3) comprises ribs (16).
  11. Projectile for rifled weapons according to Claim 7, characterised in that the free rear end (15) of the stem (3) comprises notches (18).
  12. Projectile for rifled weapons according to Claim 7, characterised in that the free end of the rear portion (12) of the casing crimped at the free end of the stem terminates in a chamfered portion (32).
  13. Projectile for rifled weapons according to Claim 1, characterised in that the stem (7) has a cavity (4) filled with a hammer mass (5).
  14. Projectile for rifled weapons according to Claims 1, 7 and 13, characterised in that the hammer mass (5) projects beyond the crimped end of the rear portion (12) of the casing.
  15. Projectile for rifled weapons according to Claims 1 and 13, characterised in that the hammer mass and the cavity (4) comprise mating means for anchoring (4a, 4b).
  16. Projectile for rifled weapons according to Claim 1, characterised in that a vacant space (11) is provided between the free end of the head (2) of the core and the corresponding end of the casing (7), a lubricating component being inserted between these two components.
  17. Projectile for rifled weapons according to claim 1, characterised in that the shoulder (6) assumes a frustoconical shape of which the small base is turned towards the stem.
  18. Projectile for rifled weapons according to Claim 1, characterised in that a binder such as adhesive is inserted between the lateral surface of the stem (3) and the inner surface of the rear portion (12) of the casing.
  19. Projectile for rifled weapons according to Claim 1, characterised in that the lateral surface of the stem (3) and the corresponding inner lateral surface of the rear portion (12) are welded.
EP88909552A 1987-10-05 1988-10-04 Projectile intended to be fired by a fire-arm Expired - Lifetime EP0335960B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88909552T ATE100577T1 (en) 1987-10-05 1988-10-04 BULLET FOR FIREARMS.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP87402203 1987-10-05
EP87402203A EP0310723A1 (en) 1987-10-05 1987-10-05 Bullet for a gun
EP87402392 1987-10-23
EP87402392A EP0312666A1 (en) 1987-10-23 1987-10-23 Projectile

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0335960A1 EP0335960A1 (en) 1989-10-11
EP0335960B1 true EP0335960B1 (en) 1994-01-19

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US (2) US5069139A (en)
EP (1) EP0335960B1 (en)
KR (1) KR890701979A (en)
CN (1) CN1019144B (en)
AU (1) AU604990B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8807232A (en)
CA (1) CA1333543C (en)
DE (1) DE3887319T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2011128A6 (en)
GR (1) GR1002584B (en)
OA (1) OA09076A (en)
PT (1) PT88675B (en)
WO (1) WO1989003015A2 (en)
YU (1) YU185688A (en)

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DE19613862A1 (en) * 1996-04-06 1997-10-09 Diehl Gmbh & Co Projectile with optimised radial and axial forces on the body
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KR890701979A (en) 1989-12-22
EP0335960A1 (en) 1989-10-11
US5069139A (en) 1991-12-03
ES2011128A6 (en) 1989-12-16
GR880100663A (en) 1994-03-31
PT88675B (en) 1994-03-31
OA09076A (en) 1991-10-31
BR8807232A (en) 1989-10-31
WO1989003015A2 (en) 1989-04-06
AU2559688A (en) 1989-04-18
CN1034800A (en) 1989-08-16
US5175392A (en) 1992-12-29
GR1002584B (en) 1997-02-11
AU604990B2 (en) 1991-01-03
WO1989003015A3 (en) 1989-07-13
YU185688A (en) 1991-01-28
CA1333543C (en) 1994-12-20
DE3887319T2 (en) 1994-08-04
DE3887319D1 (en) 1994-03-03
CN1019144B (en) 1992-11-18
PT88675A (en) 1989-07-31

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