EP0110078B1 - Rope-lowering device - Google Patents

Rope-lowering device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0110078B1
EP0110078B1 EP83110211A EP83110211A EP0110078B1 EP 0110078 B1 EP0110078 B1 EP 0110078B1 EP 83110211 A EP83110211 A EP 83110211A EP 83110211 A EP83110211 A EP 83110211A EP 0110078 B1 EP0110078 B1 EP 0110078B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rope
control lever
base plate
slide body
concave surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP83110211A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0110078A3 (en
EP0110078A2 (en
Inventor
Walter Brda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ROLLGLISS AG TE SELZACH, ZWITSERLAND.
Original Assignee
Brda Heike Alexandra
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Publication date
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Priority to AT83110211T priority Critical patent/ATE43069T1/en
Publication of EP0110078A2 publication Critical patent/EP0110078A2/en
Publication of EP0110078A3 publication Critical patent/EP0110078A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0110078B1 publication Critical patent/EP0110078B1/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62B—DEVICES, APPARATUS OR METHODS FOR LIFE-SAVING
    • A62B1/00—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like
    • A62B1/06—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices
    • A62B1/14—Devices for lowering persons from buildings or the like by making use of rope-lowering devices with brakes sliding on the rope

Definitions

  • the sliding body runs along a flat braking surface, whereby a control lever with an eccentric braking surface is pivotably arranged on the base plate opposite the braking surface of the sliding body, which is pressed against the braking surface on the sliding body in the direction of travel when it is carried along by the rope and thereby brakes it EP-0 046 891 A2 (Fig. 7) is known.
  • a disadvantage of this abseiling device is that a spring (reference number 66) is required in order to always press the control lever so strongly against the rope that - especially if the person to be abseiled or the like as a result of fainting. lets go of the control lever - self-braking is guaranteed even without the intervention of a person. This spring needs a functional test at regular intervals.
  • Another disadvantage is that fine control of the sinking speed is difficult because it has to be done by counter pressure against this self-clamping force. This must be dosed very precisely by the operator himself. Otherwise there will be a jerky shutdown.
  • This sliding body has a braking surface with which a control lever cooperates, which is pivotably arranged on the base plate and which also has a braking surface.
  • the rope is guided over this braking surface of the control lever, for example along a circumferential angle of 90 °.
  • the weight of the person to be roped causes the control lever on the base plate to pivot so that its eccentrically running braking surface presses the rope with sufficient force against the braking surface of the sliding body.
  • the rate of descent is regulated in that the control lever 3 is pressed by a person against the direction in which it is rotated by the rope passing through the device.
  • a disadvantage of this device is that the entire weight of the person to be roped (in both types of use) loads the pin, about which the control lever is pivotally arranged on the base plate. If this point breaks, the person falls because he is attached to this connecting element with his full weight.
  • a rappelling device which has a sliding cylinder fixedly arranged on the base plate and a further sliding body which is movably arranged and at the same time acts as a control lever.
  • This sliding body has two cams, one of the cams pressing the control lever when the control lever rotates as a result of being entrained by the rope, or the other cam pressing the control lever against the direction of travel of the cable against the direction of travel of the cable and braking it in the process.
  • the person to be abseiled hangs on the base plate; it is disadvantageous, however, that the weight of the person to be abseiled is required so that the base plate and also the sliding bodies assume the vertical position required for the functioning. Only when this weight becomes effective, whereby the weight of a small child should not be sufficient for this, is the desired self-locking possible when the control lever is completely released in dangerous situations. Otherwise, the frictional force of the cable comprising the rotatably articulated control lever is not sufficient to push it against the force of a spiral spring (reference numeral 64), which pushes it in an opposite direction, into the position of self-holding.
  • a spiral spring reference numeral 64
  • Another disadvantage of this device is that the pin with which the control lever is articulated on the base plate has to absorb a very high force. This is a dangerous vulnerability, especially if the device has been left unused for a long period of time.
  • the device is difficult to handle, because without the weight of the person to be abseiled pulling on the rope causes the device to turn clockwise out of its position. It is therefore absolutely necessary that the rate of descent is additionally checked or secured by gripping the rope.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of providing a descender device in which both the sinking speed can be finely adjusted on the one hand and on the other hand automatic braking occurs when the control lever is released.
  • the device should be constructed in a particularly simple and interference-free manner and be adaptable within certain limits to a change in the diameter of the rope, such as occurs, for example, as a result of moisture absorption or after the rope has been stretched due to heavy loads. Overall, there is a need for greater operational safety and simplicity.
  • control lever By designing the control lever with two cams and arranging it in relation to the concave area of the sliding body, two operating modes are possible: Either the operator (in an application, this is the person rappelling himself) presses the control lever against the frictional force exerted by the rope running past on the control lever that one of the two cams presses the rope into the concave area of the sliding body. Then the operator has it in his hand to regulate the speed by changing his pressure. This regulation can be metered very finely.
  • the descender according to the invention is also characterized by an extraordinarily great simplicity in structure and operability. It is also particularly easy to adapt to different rope diameters by replacing the control levers with appropriately adjusted cams.
  • FIG. 1 has a housing 1, formed by a base plate 2 and edge parts 3.
  • the housing is open in FIG. 1; the lid 4 is opened. It can be folded over to the right in FIG. 1.
  • the closure takes place in that a knurled screw 5 is screwed into the thread 6 (see also FIG. 3).
  • the base plate 2 has a first opening 7 at the top and a second opening 8 at the bottom, which are used for various types of abseiling.
  • the edge parts 3 have a first opening 9, a second opening 10 and a third opening 11.
  • a fixed sliding cylinder 12 is provided in the housing.
  • a further fixed sliding body 13 is also arranged above the sliding cylinder 12. It has an approximately teardrop shape, has a lower convex surface area 14 and an upper or laterally arranged concave surface area 15.
  • the control lever 19 can be pivoted about a pin 21 and has two cams 22 and 23 at its end which faces the concave surface region 15. These cams result from the fact that at these points the distance of the rounded surface of the end of the control lever 19 from the axis of the pin 21 is larger than in the adjacent area.
  • the arrangement is such that when the control lever 19 is pivoted downwards or upwards, the cams 22 or cams 23 move towards the concave surface area 15 such that the distance between the respective cam and the concave surface area becomes smaller.
  • the two cams 22 and 23 are arranged approximately opposite one another with respect to the pin 21. This is not strictly to be followed; it is essential that between the two cams a surface area of the control lever 19 is opposite, the distance from the axis of the pin 21 is noticeably smaller than that of the surfaces of the two cams 22 and 23.
  • the rope 16 lies in FIG. 1 in the housing 1 in such a way that a "descent on the rope" takes place.
  • the person to be roped hangs in a rappelling belt 17, which is hooked into the opening 8 in the base plate 2 with the aid of a snap hook 18.
  • the rope runs from below through the opening 11 into the housing 1. It is then guided over the sliding body 13, first over the concave surface area 15 and then - after a deflection by approximately 180 ° - around the convex surface area 14. 4-circle) the cylindrical sliding body 12 and therefore runs up through the opening 9 out of the housing 1 again.
  • the rope runs on two levels. As can be seen from Fig. 2, the bottom of the base plate 2 is formed obliquely so that the run of the rope from the uppermost point A, where it is diverted to the sliding body 13, to the point B, where it is around the bottom Sliding cylinder 12 rotates, in a direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1, shifts down a rope diameter.
  • the person who is abseiling presses the control lever 19 upward, approximately until it is parallel to the dash-dotted line L. Then the distance between the concave surface area 15 of the sliding body 13 and the surface area 24 of the control lever 19 is such that the cable 16 can pass between the sliding body and the control lever without being trapped. It then runs up to point A, is deflected there, runs around the convex surface area 14 of the sliding body 13 and then around the sliding cylinder 12 and from there up through the opening 9 out of the housing 1. The rope is braked along its movement around the sliding body 13 and around the sliding cylinder 12, although not to a standstill.
  • the individual surfaces must of course be matched to the expected weight of a person to be abseiled in such a way that the weight is strong enough in the position L of the control lever 19 to bring the rope straight through the descender at a desired descent speed; the surfaces must be determined in such a way that when the control lever 19 is in position L, braking is taking place so that the cable runs through the device at a certain steady, not too high, even speed. Giving in on the control lever 19 in such a way that it can turn clockwise leads to a fine regulation.
  • FIG. 4 shows a further possibility for inserting the rope in such a way that the abseiling device is fastened at a specific fixed point by means of a crab 25 which passes through the opening 7 on the abseiling device.
  • the rope 16 now runs both from below into the device and down again out of the device. In principle, both directions of the rope run are possible.
  • the rope runs in from below through the opening 10 is then routed H times around the sliding cylinder 12; the rope then runs first around the convex surface area 14 of the sliding body 13 and then around the concave surface area 15 and down again out of the opening 11 out of the device. It becomes effective by frictional force on the cams 23 of the control lever 19 such that it is pivoted in the counterclockwise direction, so that the distance between the cams 23 and the concave surface area 15 of the sliding body 13 is reduced and the cable is clamped.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Lowering Means (AREA)
  • Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)
  • Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
  • Lift-Guide Devices, And Elevator Ropes And Cables (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)

Abstract

A device for lowering a person or a load on a rope which automatically arrests further movement of the person or load on the rope regardless of which direction the rope passes through the device, which is capable of accommodating ropes of different diameters. The device of this invention includes a friction cylinder disposed on a base plate, a friction body, and a pivotally mounted control lever. The rope is wrapped around at least a portion of the circumference of the friction cylinder and also around the friction body, and the rope thereafter passes between a concave braking surface disposed on the friction body and one end of the control lever. The end of the control lever is provided with two camming surfaces which are positioned on opposite sides of the axis of rotation of the lever. Regardless of the direction of movement of the rope, friction between one of the camming surfaces and the rope causes the rope to be wedged between that camming surface and the concave braking surface on the friction body. Free movement of the rope is permitted by manually positioning the lever in an intermediate position so that both camming surfaces are spaced from the concave braking surface.

Description

Ein Abseilgerät, bei dem das Seil um einen auf einer Grundplatte fest angeordneten Gleitzylinder und einem um einen weiteren ebenfalls auf der Grundplatte fest angeordneten Gleitkörper gleitet, wobei die Grundplatte mit einer Öffnung zum Einhängen der abzuseilenden Person versehen ist, und bei dem das Seil am weiteren Gleitkörper entlang einer ebenen Bremsfläche läuft, wobei gegenüber der Bremsfläche des Gleitkörpers an der Grundplatte ein mit einer exzentrischen Bremsfläche versehener Steuerhebel schwenkbar angeordnet ist, der bei Mitnahme durch das Seil in dessen Laufrichtung gegen die Bremsfläche am Gleitkörper gedrückt wird und es dadurch abbremst, ist aus EP-0 046 891 A2 (Fig. 7) bekannt.A descender in which the rope slides around a sliding cylinder fixedly arranged on a base plate and around a further sliding body also fixedly arranged on the base plate, the base plate being provided with an opening for hanging in the person to be abseiled, and in which the rope is attached further The sliding body runs along a flat braking surface, whereby a control lever with an eccentric braking surface is pivotably arranged on the base plate opposite the braking surface of the sliding body, which is pressed against the braking surface on the sliding body in the direction of travel when it is carried along by the rope and thereby brakes it EP-0 046 891 A2 (Fig. 7) is known.

Nachteilig an diesem Abseilgerät ist, daß eine Feder (Bezugszeichen 66) erforderlich ist, um den Steuerhebel stets so stark an das Seil anzudrücken, daß - insbesondere, wenn die abzuseilende Person infolge Ohnmacht o.dgl. den Steuerhebel losläßt - auch ohne Einwirken einer Person eine Selbstbremsung gewährleistet ist. Diese Feder bedarf in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen der Funktionsprüfung. Nachteilig ist ferner, daß eine Feinregelung der Sinkgeschwindigkeit nur schwer möglich ist, da sie durch Gegendruck gegen diese Selbstklemmkraft erfolgen muß. Diese muß von der bedienenden Person selbst bereits sehr genau dosiert werden. Sonst kommt es zu einem stark ruckenden Abfahrvorgang.A disadvantage of this abseiling device is that a spring (reference number 66) is required in order to always press the control lever so strongly against the rope that - especially if the person to be abseiled or the like as a result of fainting. lets go of the control lever - self-braking is guaranteed even without the intervention of a person. This spring needs a functional test at regular intervals. Another disadvantage is that fine control of the sinking speed is difficult because it has to be done by counter pressure against this self-clamping force. This must be dosed very precisely by the operator himself. Otherwise there will be a jerky shutdown.

Aus der FR-A-2 472 395 ist ein Abseilgerät bekannt, bei dem das Seil ebenfalls um einen auf einer Grundplatte fest angeordneten Gleitzylinder und um einen weiteren ebenfalls auf der Grundplatte fest angeordneten Gleitkörper gleitet.From FR-A-2 472 395 a descender is known in which the rope also slides around a sliding cylinder fixed on a base plate and around a further sliding body also fixed on the base plate.

Dieser Gleitkörper weist eine Bremsfläche auf, mit der ein Steuerhebel zusammenwirkt, der an der Grundplatte schwenkbar angeordnet ist und der ebenfalls eine Bremsfläche aufweist. Über diese Bremsfläche des Steuerhebels ist - etwa entlang eines Umfangwinkels von 90° - das Seil geführt. An dem Steuerhebel 3 befindet sich eine Öse zum Einhängen der abzuseilenden Person bzw. zum Anhängen des Abseilgerätes an einen festen Punkt. Durch das Gewicht der abzuseilenden Person (bei beiden Einsatzarten) wird der Steuerhebel auf der Grundplatte so verschwenkt, daß seine exzentrisch verlaufende Bremsfläche mit ausreichender Kraft das Seil gegen die Bremsfläche des Gleitkörpers drückt. Die Absinkgeschwindigkeit wird dadurch reguliert, daß der Steuerhebel 3 von einer Person entgegen der Richtung, in die er von dem durch das Gerät hindurchlaufende Seil gedreht wird, gedrückt wird.This sliding body has a braking surface with which a control lever cooperates, which is pivotably arranged on the base plate and which also has a braking surface. The rope is guided over this braking surface of the control lever, for example along a circumferential angle of 90 °. There is an eyelet on the control lever 3 for hanging the person to be abseiled or for attaching the abseiling device to a fixed point. The weight of the person to be roped (in both types of use) causes the control lever on the base plate to pivot so that its eccentrically running braking surface presses the rope with sufficient force against the braking surface of the sliding body. The rate of descent is regulated in that the control lever 3 is pressed by a person against the direction in which it is rotated by the rope passing through the device.

Nachteilig an diesem Gerät ist, daß das gesamte Gewicht der abzuseilenden Person (in beiden Einsatzarten) den Zapfen belastet, um den der Steuerhebel schwenkbar an der Grundplatte angeordnet ist. Bricht diese Stelle, so stürzt die Person ab, weil sie mit ihrem vollen Gewicht an diesem Verbindungselement hängt.A disadvantage of this device is that the entire weight of the person to be roped (in both types of use) loads the pin, about which the control lever is pivotally arranged on the base plate. If this point breaks, the person falls because he is attached to this connecting element with his full weight.

Zudem ist mit dem Gerät nach der FR-A-2 472 395 eine Feinregelung der Geschwindigkeit nicht möglich, da die Bedienungsperson den Steuerhebel exakt in einer bestimmten Position halten muß, da bei nur geringfügiger Abweichung eine sehr starke Zunahme der Bremskraft in Richtung Selbstklemmung des Seiles erfolgt. Es besteht also auch bei diesem Gerät der Nachteil, daß die Geschwindigkeitsregelung nur ruckartig erfolgen kann.In addition, a fine regulation of the speed is not possible with the device according to FR-A-2 472 395, since the operator has to hold the control lever exactly in a certain position, since with only a slight deviation a very strong increase in the braking force in the direction of self-clamping of the rope he follows. There is also the disadvantage with this device that the speed control can only be carried out jerkily.

Aus der GB-A-2 044 414 ist ein Abseilgerät bekannt, das einen an der Grundplatte fest angeordneten Gleitzylinder und einen weiteren beweglich angeordneten und gleichzeitig als Steuerhebel wirkenden weiteren Gleitkörper aufweist. Dieser Gleitkörper weist zwei Nocken auf, wobei der eine Nocken bei Drehung des Steuerhebels in Folge Mitnahme durch das Seil oder der andere Nocken in Folge Betätigung des Steuerhebels gegen die Laufrichtung des Seils dieses gegen einen Bremsstift (Bezugszeichen 54) drückt und dabei abbremst. Bei diesem Abseilgerät hängt zwar die abzuseilende Person - anders als bei den oben diskutierten Geräten - an der Grundplatte; nachteilig ist jedoch, daß das Gewicht der abzuseilenden Person erforderlich ist, damit die Grundplatte und auch die Gleitkörper die für das Funktionieren erforderliche vertikale Stellung einnehmen. Erst wenn dieses Gewicht wirksam wird, wobei das Gewicht eines Kleinkindes hierfür nicht ausreichend sein dürfte, ist die gewünschte Selbsthemmung bei völligem Loslassen des Steuerhebels in Gefahrensituationen möglich. Ansonsten reicht die Reibungskraft des den drehbar angelenkten Steuerhebel umfassenden Seils nicht aus, um ihn gegen die Kraft einer Spiralfeder (Bezugszeichen 64), die ihn in eine entgegen gesetzte Richtung drückt, in die Stellung der Selbsthaltung zu drücken.From GB-A-2 044 414 a rappelling device is known which has a sliding cylinder fixedly arranged on the base plate and a further sliding body which is movably arranged and at the same time acts as a control lever. This sliding body has two cams, one of the cams pressing the control lever when the control lever rotates as a result of being entrained by the rope, or the other cam pressing the control lever against the direction of travel of the cable against the direction of travel of the cable and braking it in the process. With this abseiling device, the person to be abseiled - unlike the devices discussed above - hangs on the base plate; it is disadvantageous, however, that the weight of the person to be abseiled is required so that the base plate and also the sliding bodies assume the vertical position required for the functioning. Only when this weight becomes effective, whereby the weight of a small child should not be sufficient for this, is the desired self-locking possible when the control lever is completely released in dangerous situations. Otherwise, the frictional force of the cable comprising the rotatably articulated control lever is not sufficient to push it against the force of a spiral spring (reference numeral 64), which pushes it in an opposite direction, into the position of self-holding.

Nachteilig an diesem Gerät ist ebenfalls, daß der Zapfen, mit dem der Steuerhebel an der Grundplatte gelenkig angeordnet ist, eine sehr hohe Kraft aufnehmen muß. Dies ist eine gefährliche Schwachstelle, insbesondere wenn das Gerät lange Zeit unbenutzt in nicht sauberer Umgebung aufbewahrt worden ist. Außerdem ist das Gerät in der Handhabung schwierig, denn ohne Wirkung des Gewichts der abzuseilenden Person bewirkt ein Ziehen am Seil, daß sich das Gerät aus seiner Gebrachslage im Uhrzeigersinn herausdreht. Es ist daher unbedingt erforderlich, daß die Absinkgeschwindigkeit noch zusätzlich durch Ergreifen des Seiles kontrolliert bzw. gesichert wird.Another disadvantage of this device is that the pin with which the control lever is articulated on the base plate has to absorb a very high force. This is a dangerous vulnerability, especially if the device has been left unused for a long period of time. In addition, the device is difficult to handle, because without the weight of the person to be abseiled pulling on the rope causes the device to turn clockwise out of its position. It is therefore absolutely necessary that the rate of descent is additionally checked or secured by gripping the rope.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Abseilgerät zu schaffen, bei dem sowohl einerseits die Sinkgeschwindigkeit fein dosierbar ist und andererseits bei Loslassen des Steuerhebels automatisch eine Vollbremsung eintritt. Dabei soll das Gerät besonders einfach und störsicher aufgebaut und innerhalb gewisser Grenzen an eine Durchmesserveränderung des Seils, wie sie beispielsweise infolge von Feuchtigkeitsaufnahme oder nach Streckung des Seils durch starke Belastung auftritt, anpaßbar sein. Insgesamt ergibt sich somit die Forderung nach größerem Betriebssicherheit und Einfachheit.The invention is therefore based on the object of providing a descender device in which both the sinking speed can be finely adjusted on the one hand and on the other hand automatic braking occurs when the control lever is released. The device should be constructed in a particularly simple and interference-free manner and be adaptable within certain limits to a change in the diameter of the rope, such as occurs, for example, as a result of moisture absorption or after the rope has been stretched due to heavy loads. Overall, there is a need for greater operational safety and simplicity.

Ein Abseilgerät, durch das diese Aufgabe gelöst wird, ist im Patentanspruch 1 definiert.A descender by which this object is achieved is defined in claim 1.

Durch dieAusbildung des Steuerhebels mit zwei Nocken und seine Anordnung gegenüber dem konkaven Bereich des Gleitkörpers sind zwei Betriebsweisen möglich: Entweder die Bedienungsperson (das ist im einen Einsatzfall die sich selbst abseilende Person) drückt den Steuerhebel derart entgegen der vom vorbeilaufenden Seil auf den Steuerhebel ausgeübten Reibungskraft, daß die eine der beiden Nocken das Seil in den konkaven Bereich des Gleitkörpers drückt. Dann hat die Bedienungsperson es in der Hand, durch Veränderung ihres Drucks die Geschwindigkeit zu regulieren. Diese Regulierung ist sehr fein dosierbar.By designing the control lever with two cams and arranging it in relation to the concave area of the sliding body, two operating modes are possible: Either the operator (in an application, this is the person rappelling himself) presses the control lever against the frictional force exerted by the rope running past on the control lever that one of the two cams presses the rope into the concave area of the sliding body. Then the operator has it in his hand to regulate the speed by changing his pressure. This regulation can be metered very finely.

Läßt jedoch die Bedienungsperson den Hebel ganz los - z.B. infolge einer Ohnmacht - dann schwenkt die vom durchlaufenden Seil auf den Steuerhebel ausgeübte Reibungskraft den Steuerhebel so, daß die andere Nocke das Seil gegen in konkave Bremsfläche im Gleitkörper drückt und Selbstklemmung eintritt. Das erfindungsgemäße Abseilgerät zeichnet sich ferner durch eine außerordentliche große Einfachheit im Aufbau und in der Bedienbarkeit aus. Es ist ferner - durch Auswechseln der Steuerhebel mit entsprechend abgestimmten Nocken - auf verschiedene Seildurchmesser besonders leicht anpassbar. Aber auch ohne Auswechslung des Steuerhebels funktioniert das Abseilgerät bei sich nicht sehr stark veränderndem oder nicht sehr stark unterschiedlichem Durchmesser, da entlang des konkaven Oberflächenbereichs des Gleitkörpers das Seil immer so gespannt ist, daß es stets die eine Nocke des Steuerhebels durch Reibungskraft derart mitnimmt, daß ggf. eine Selbstabbremsung durch Einklemmen eintritt.However, the operator lets go of the lever completely - e.g. as a result of fainting - then the frictional force exerted by the continuous rope on the control lever swivels the control lever so that the other cam presses the rope against the concave braking surface in the sliding body and self-locking occurs. The descender according to the invention is also characterized by an extraordinarily great simplicity in structure and operability. It is also particularly easy to adapt to different rope diameters by replacing the control levers with appropriately adjusted cams. But even without replacing the control lever, the descender works with a diameter that does not change very much or does not vary very much, since the rope is always so tensioned along the concave surface area of the sliding body that it always takes the cam of the control lever with it in such a way that frictional force takes it along self-braking by jamming may occur.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung und weitere vorteilhafte Wirkungen sind im folgenden anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen beschreiben. Es stellen dar:

  • Figur 1 eine Draufsicht auf ein Ausführungsbeispiel bei aufgeklapptem Gehäuse;
  • Figur 2 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie 11-11 in Fig. 1;
  • Figur 3 eine Ansicht in Richtung des Pfeiles 111 in Fig. 1 (dabei ist das Gehäuse zugeklappt);
  • Figur 4 eine schematische Draufsicht bei einer weiteren Betriebsweise des Gerätes.
Embodiments of the invention and further advantageous effects are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. They represent:
  • Figure 1 is a plan view of an embodiment with the housing opened;
  • 2 shows a section along the line 11-11 in Fig. 1;
  • Figure 3 is a view in the direction of arrow 111 in Figure 1 (the housing is closed);
  • Figure 4 is a schematic plan view of another mode of operation of the device.

Das Abseilgerät nach Fig. 1 weist ein Gehäuse 1 auf, gebildet durch eine Grundplatte 2 und Randteile 3. Das Gehäuse ist in Fig. 1 geöffnet; der Deckel 4 ist aufgeklappt. Er kann in Fig. 1 nach rechts herübergeklappt werden. Das Verschließen erfolgt dadurch, daß eine Rändelschraube 5 im Gewinde 6 festgeschraubt wird (siehe auch Fig. 3).1 has a housing 1, formed by a base plate 2 and edge parts 3. The housing is open in FIG. 1; the lid 4 is opened. It can be folded over to the right in FIG. 1. The closure takes place in that a knurled screw 5 is screwed into the thread 6 (see also FIG. 3).

Die Grundplatte 2 weist oben eine erste Öffnung 7 und unten eine zweite Öffnung 8 auf, die bei verschiedenen Arten des Abseilens zum Einsatz kommen. Die Randteile 3 weisen eine erste Öffnung 9, eine zweite Öffnung 10 und eine dritte Öffnung 11 auf.The base plate 2 has a first opening 7 at the top and a second opening 8 at the bottom, which are used for various types of abseiling. The edge parts 3 have a first opening 9, a second opening 10 and a third opening 11.

Im Gehäuse ist ein feststehender Gleitzylinder 12 vorgesehen. Oberhalb des Gleitzylinders 12 ist ein ebenfalls feststehender weiterer Gleitkörper 13 angeordnet. Er hat ungefähr Tropfenform, weist einen unteren konvexen Oberflächenbereich 14, sowie einen oberen bzw. seitlich angeordneten konkaven Oberflächenbereich 15 auf.A fixed sliding cylinder 12 is provided in the housing. A further fixed sliding body 13 is also arranged above the sliding cylinder 12. It has an approximately teardrop shape, has a lower convex surface area 14 and an upper or laterally arranged concave surface area 15.

Gegenüber dem konkaven Oberflächenbereich 15 des Gleitkörpers 13 ist ein Steuerhebel 19 angeordnet, der mittels eines Handgriffes 20 betätigt werden kann. Der Steuerhebel 19 ist um einen Zapfen 21 schwenkbar und weist an seinem Ende, das dem konkaven Oberflächenbereich 15 zugewendet ist, zwei Nocken 22 und 23 auf. Diese Nocken entstehen dadurch, daß an diesen Stellen der Abstand der abgerundeten Oberfläche des Endes des Steuerhebels 19 von der Achse des Zapfens 21 jeweils größer ist als im benachbarten Bereich. Die Anordnung ist so, daß bei Schwenken des Steuerhebels 19 nach unten bzw. nach oben der Nocken 22 bzw. der Nocken 23 sich auf den konkaven Oberflächenbereich 15 derart hinbewegt, daß der Abstand zwischen dem jeweiligen Nocken und dem konkaven Oberflächenbereich geringer wird. Die beiden Nocken 22 und 23 sind einander bezüglich des Zapfens 21 ungefähr gegenüberliegend angeordnet. Das ist nicht unbedingt streng einzuhalten; wesentlich ist, daß zwischen beiden Nocken ein Oberflächenbereich des Steuerhebels 19 gegenben ist, dessen Abstand von der Achse des Zapfens 21 merklich geringer als der der Oberflächen der beiden Nocken 22 bzw. 23 ist.A control lever 19, which can be actuated by means of a handle 20, is arranged opposite the concave surface area 15 of the sliding body 13. The control lever 19 can be pivoted about a pin 21 and has two cams 22 and 23 at its end which faces the concave surface region 15. These cams result from the fact that at these points the distance of the rounded surface of the end of the control lever 19 from the axis of the pin 21 is larger than in the adjacent area. The arrangement is such that when the control lever 19 is pivoted downwards or upwards, the cams 22 or cams 23 move towards the concave surface area 15 such that the distance between the respective cam and the concave surface area becomes smaller. The two cams 22 and 23 are arranged approximately opposite one another with respect to the pin 21. This is not strictly to be followed; it is essential that between the two cams a surface area of the control lever 19 is opposite, the distance from the axis of the pin 21 is noticeably smaller than that of the surfaces of the two cams 22 and 23.

Das Seil 16 liegt nach Fig. 1 derart in dem Gehäuse 1, daß.ein "Abfahren am Seil" stattfindet. Das bedeutet: wie in Fig. 5 dargestellt, ist das obere Ende des Seiles 16 an einem festen Punkt befestigt. Die abzuseilende Person hängt in einem Abseilgurt 17, der mit Hilfe eines Karabinerhakens 18 in der Öffnung 8 in der Grundplatte 2 eingehängt ist. Das Seil läuft von unter durch die Öffnung 11 in das Gehäuse 1 hinein. Es wird dann über den Gleitkörper 13 geführt, und zwar zunächst über den konkaven Oberflächenbereich 15 und anschließend - nach einer Umlenkung um ca. 180° - um den konvexen Oberflächenbereich 14. Danach umschlingt das Seil 16 etwa über einen Winkel von 270° (3/4-Kreis) den zylindrischen Gleitkörper 12 und läuft von daher nach oben durch die Öffnung 9 aus dem Gehäuse 1 wieder heraus.The rope 16 lies in FIG. 1 in the housing 1 in such a way that a "descent on the rope" takes place. This means: as shown in Fig. 5, the upper end of the rope 16 is fixed at a fixed point. The person to be roped hangs in a rappelling belt 17, which is hooked into the opening 8 in the base plate 2 with the aid of a snap hook 18. The rope runs from below through the opening 11 into the housing 1. It is then guided over the sliding body 13, first over the concave surface area 15 and then - after a deflection by approximately 180 ° - around the convex surface area 14. 4-circle) the cylindrical sliding body 12 and therefore runs up through the opening 9 out of the housing 1 again.

Dabei läuft das Seil in zwei Ebenen. Wie aus Fig. 2 ersichtlich, ist der Boden der Grundplatte 2 derart schräg ausgebildet, daß sich der Lauf des Seils von der obersten Stelle A, an der es um den Gleitkörper 13 umgeleitet wird, bis zur Stelle B, an der es unten um den Gleitzylinder 12 umläuft, sich in einer Richtung, die senkrecht zur Ebene der Fig. 1 verläuft, um einen Seildurchmesser nach unten verschiebt.The rope runs on two levels. As can be seen from Fig. 2, the bottom of the base plate 2 is formed obliquely so that the run of the rope from the uppermost point A, where it is diverted to the sliding body 13, to the point B, where it is around the bottom Sliding cylinder 12 rotates, in a direction perpendicular to the plane of FIG. 1, shifts down a rope diameter.

Bei der beschriebenen Betriebsweise nach Fig. 1 und 5 sind nun zwei Positionen zu unterscheiden: im ersten Fall läßt die Person, die sich abseilt, den Steuerhebel 19 los. Das Gewicht der abzuseilenden Person, das mittels Abseilgurt 17 und Karabinerhaken 18 an der Öffnung 8 des Abseilgerätes hängt, zieht dieses nach unten. Das ergibt die Tendenz, das Seil 16 nach oben aus der Öffnung 9 herauszuziehen. Das Seil läuft also von unten durch die Öffnung 11 in das Gehäuse 1 ein und wird zunächst zwischen dem Nocken 22 und dem konkaven Oberflächenbereich 15 des Gleitkörpers 13 hindurchbewegt. Dabei wird der Nokken 22 durch Reibungskraft mitgenommen und im Uhrzeigersinn geschwenkt, so daß sich der Abstand zwischen Nocken 22 und konkavem Oberflächenbereich 15 verkleinert. Der Steuerhebel 19 bewegt sich selbsttätig in die in Fig. 1 gezeigte Stellung, in der das Seil 16 zwischen Nocken 22 und konkavem Oberflächenbereich 15 festgeklemmt wird. Ohne Einwirkung auf den Hebel 19 kommt also das Abseilgerät "am Seil" zum Stillstand.1 and 5, two positions can now be distinguished: in the first case, the person who is abseiling lets go of the control lever 19. The weight of the person to be abseil, by means of the abseil 17 and Carabiner 18 hangs on the opening 8 of the descender, pulls it down. This tends to pull the rope 16 upward out of the opening 9. The rope thus runs from below through the opening 11 into the housing 1 and is first moved between the cam 22 and the concave surface area 15 of the sliding body 13. The cam 22 is entrained by frictional force and swiveled clockwise, so that the distance between the cam 22 and the concave surface area 15 is reduced. The control lever 19 moves automatically into the position shown in FIG. 1, in which the cable 16 is clamped between the cam 22 and the concave surface area 15. Without acting on the lever 19, the descender comes to a standstill "on the rope".

Im zweiten Fall drückt die Person, die sich abseilt, den Steuerhebel 19 nach oben, etwa derart, bis er parallel zu der eingezeichneten strichpunktierten Linie L steht. Dann ist der Abstand zwischen dem konkaven Oberflächenbereich 15 des Gleitkörpers 13 und dem Oberflächenbereich 24 des Steuerhebels 19 derart, daß das Seil 16 zwischen Gleitkörper und Steuerhebel ohne Einklemmung hindurchlaufen kann. Es läuft dann nach oben bis zur Stelle A, wird dort umgelenkt, läuft um den konvexen Oberflächenbereich 14 des Gleitkörpers 13 herum und dann zu um den Gleitzylinder 12 herum und von dort nach oben durch die Öffnung 9 aus dem Gehäuse 1 heraus. Dabei wird das Seil entlang seiner Bewegung um den Gleitkörper 13 und um den Gleitzylinder 12 abgebremst, wenngleich nicht bis zum Stillstand.In the second case, the person who is abseiling presses the control lever 19 upward, approximately until it is parallel to the dash-dotted line L. Then the distance between the concave surface area 15 of the sliding body 13 and the surface area 24 of the control lever 19 is such that the cable 16 can pass between the sliding body and the control lever without being trapped. It then runs up to point A, is deflected there, runs around the convex surface area 14 of the sliding body 13 and then around the sliding cylinder 12 and from there up through the opening 9 out of the housing 1. The rope is braked along its movement around the sliding body 13 and around the sliding cylinder 12, although not to a standstill.

Die einzelnen Flächen müssen natürlich auf das zu erwartende Gewicht einer abzuseilenden Person so abgestimmt sein, daß das Gewicht stark genug ist, in der Stellung L des Steuerhebels 19 das Seil noch gerade mit einer gewünschten Abfahrtsgeschwindigkeit zum Hindurchlaufen durch das Abseilgerät zu bringen; die Flächen müssen so bestimmt sein, daß bei Stellung des Steuerhebels 19 in Position L gerade eine Abbremsung so stattfindet, daß das Seil mit einer bestimmt ruhigen, nicht zu hohen gleichmäßigen Geschwindigkeit durch das Gerät hindurchläuft. Ein Nachgeben am Steuerhebel 19 derart, daß dieser sich im Uhrzeigersinn drehen kann, führt zu einer feinen Regelung.The individual surfaces must of course be matched to the expected weight of a person to be abseiled in such a way that the weight is strong enough in the position L of the control lever 19 to bring the rope straight through the descender at a desired descent speed; the surfaces must be determined in such a way that when the control lever 19 is in position L, braking is taking place so that the cable runs through the device at a certain steady, not too high, even speed. Giving in on the control lever 19 in such a way that it can turn clockwise leads to a fine regulation.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine weitere Möglichkeit zum Einlegen des Seils derart, daß das Abseilgerät an einem bestimmten Fixpunkt mittels eines Krabinierhakens 25 befestigt wird, der am Abseilgerät durch die Öffnung 7 hindurchgeht.FIG. 4 shows a further possibility for inserting the rope in such a way that the abseiling device is fastened at a specific fixed point by means of a crab 25 which passes through the opening 7 on the abseiling device.

Das Seil 16 läuft nun sowohl von unten in das Gerät ein, als auch nach unten wieder aus dem Gerät heraus. Dabei sind im Grundsatz beide Richtungen des Seillaufs möglich. Im Ausführungsbeispiel läuft das Seil von unten durch die Öffnung 10 herein, ist dann H mal um den Gleitzylinder 12 geführt; anschließend läuft das Seil zuerst um den konvexen Oberflächenbereich 14 des Gleitkörpers 13 und dann um den konkaven Oberflächenbereich 15 herum und wieder nach unten aus der Öffnung 11 aus dem Gerät heraus. Es wird dabei durch Reibungskraft derart an den Nocken 23 des Steuerhebels 19 wirksam, daß dieser im Gegenuhrzeiger geschwenkt wird, so daß sich der Abstand zwischen dem Nocken 23 und dem konkaven Oberflächenbereich 15 des Gleitkörpers 13 verringert und das Seil festgeklemmt wird.The rope 16 now runs both from below into the device and down again out of the device. In principle, both directions of the rope run are possible. In the exemplary embodiment, the rope runs in from below through the opening 10, is then routed H times around the sliding cylinder 12; the rope then runs first around the convex surface area 14 of the sliding body 13 and then around the concave surface area 15 and down again out of the opening 11 out of the device. It becomes effective by frictional force on the cams 23 of the control lever 19 such that it is pivoted in the counterclockwise direction, so that the distance between the cams 23 and the concave surface area 15 of the sliding body 13 is reduced and the cable is clamped.

Daraus wird ersichtlich, daß die Anordnung des Steuerhebels 19 mit den beiden Nocken 22, 23 gegenüber dem konkaven Oberflächenbereich des Gleitkörpers 13 die Möglichkeit schafft, daß das Seil auf verschiedene Arten in das Gerät eingelegt werden kann. In jedem Fall - also in beiden Richtungen der Bewegung - wird das Seil durch einen der beiden Nocken selbsttätig abgebremst und festgeklemmt und kann durch eine Bewegung von Hand des Steuerhebels in die Richtung L wieder zum Durchlaufen durch das Gerät gebracht werden.From this it can be seen that the arrangement of the control lever 19 with the two cams 22, 23 in relation to the concave surface area of the sliding body 13 creates the possibility that the cable can be inserted into the device in various ways. In any case - i.e. in both directions of movement - the rope is automatically braked and clamped by one of the two cams and can be made to move through the device again by moving the control lever in direction L.

Dies funktioniert auch bei verschiedenen Durchmessern. Infolge der Tatsache, daß gegenüberliegend den Nocken 22 bzw. 23 der Gleitkörper 13 konkav ausgebildet ist (konkaver Oberflächenbereich 15), ist das Seil an diesem Bereich stets so gespannt, daß es an einen der beiden Nocken 22, 23, angedrückt wird und diesen durch Reibungskraft so weit schwenkt, daß eine selbsttätige Abbremsung durch Festklemmen erfolgt.This also works with different diameters. As a result of the fact that the sliding body 13 is concave opposite the cams 22 and 23 (concave surface area 15), the cable is always so tensioned in this area that it is pressed against one of the two cams 22, 23 and through it Frictional force swings so far that automatic braking takes place by clamping.

Claims (4)

1. Abseiling device, having a housing (1) which has a base plate (2) and a closable cover (4), having a first opening (7) in that end section of the base plate (2) which faces away from the weight hanging on the rope and/or having a second opening (8) in that end section of the base plate (2) which faces away from the fixing point of the rope (16) at a fixed point, having a slide cylinder (12) and a slide body (13), which elements are in each case firmly arranged on the base plate (2), extend between the base plate and the cover (4) and about which the rope (16) is in each case at least partially guided, having a swivelling axis (21), which extends between base plate (2) and cover (4), for a control lever (19) which protrudes laterally out of the housing (1) and, on its end section arranged opposite the slide body (13), has two bosses (22, 23) which are arranged in such a way opposite a concave surface region (15) of the slide body (13) that, when the rope (16) runs between the concave surface region (15) of the slide body (13) and that end section of the control lever (19) which is arranged opposite the latter, one of the two bosses (22, 23), in either direction of movement, is always taken along by virtue of friction in the direction of the concave surface region (15) in such a way that automatic braking occurs by virtue of the clamping of the rope (16).
2. Abseiling device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the two bosses (22, 23) are arranged approximately opposite to one another in relation to a pin (21) about which the control lever (19) can be swivelled.
3. Abseiling device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the slide body (13) furthermore has a convex surface region (14) which merges into the said concave surface region (15) in such a way that the rope (16) is deflected by approximately 180°.
4. Abseiling device according to Claim 3, characterized in that the slide body (13) is arranged in such a way relative to the slide cylinder (12) that, when the rope (16) runs off at a tangent from the slide cylinder (12), it runs along a tangent towards the convex surface portion (14) of the slide body (13).
EP83110211A 1982-11-27 1983-10-13 Rope-lowering device Expired EP0110078B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83110211T ATE43069T1 (en) 1982-11-27 1983-10-13 DESCENDANT.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3243952A DE3243952C2 (en) 1982-11-27 1982-11-27 Descender
DE3243952 1982-11-27

Publications (3)

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EP0110078A2 EP0110078A2 (en) 1984-06-13
EP0110078A3 EP0110078A3 (en) 1985-05-15
EP0110078B1 true EP0110078B1 (en) 1989-05-17

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ID=6179217

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EP83110211A Expired EP0110078B1 (en) 1982-11-27 1983-10-13 Rope-lowering device

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US (1) US4580658A (en)
EP (1) EP0110078B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS59108567A (en)
KR (1) KR890000136B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE43069T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1219244A (en)
DE (2) DE3243952C2 (en)
IL (1) IL70263A (en)
SG (1) SG67389G (en)
ZA (1) ZA838257B (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0110078A3 (en) 1985-05-15
US4580658A (en) 1986-04-08
IL70263A (en) 1988-08-31
JPS59108567A (en) 1984-06-23
KR840007075A (en) 1984-12-05
JPH0526512B2 (en) 1993-04-16
EP0110078A2 (en) 1984-06-13
IL70263A0 (en) 1984-02-29
SG67389G (en) 1990-01-26
CA1219244A (en) 1987-03-17
ATE43069T1 (en) 1989-06-15
ZA838257B (en) 1984-06-27
KR890000136B1 (en) 1989-03-08
DE3379864D1 (en) 1989-06-22
DE3243952C2 (en) 1984-11-29
DE3243952A1 (en) 1984-05-30

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