EP0100893B1 - Three axles bogie for railway vehicles - Google Patents

Three axles bogie for railway vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0100893B1
EP0100893B1 EP83106790A EP83106790A EP0100893B1 EP 0100893 B1 EP0100893 B1 EP 0100893B1 EP 83106790 A EP83106790 A EP 83106790A EP 83106790 A EP83106790 A EP 83106790A EP 0100893 B1 EP0100893 B1 EP 0100893B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
axle
bogie
supported
bearing
spring elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP83106790A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0100893A2 (en
EP0100893A3 (en
Inventor
Thilo Dr. Dr.-Ing. Von Madeyski
Christian Dr. Dr.-Ing. Stiefel
Alfred Sinhoff
Franz-Joseph Collienne
Peter Dipl.-Ing. Goerres
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Waggonfabrik Talbot GmbH and Co KG
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Waggonfabrik Talbot GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to AT83106790T priority Critical patent/ATE55579T1/en
Publication of EP0100893A2 publication Critical patent/EP0100893A2/en
Publication of EP0100893A3 publication Critical patent/EP0100893A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0100893B1 publication Critical patent/EP0100893B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F3/00—Types of bogies
    • B61F3/02—Types of bogies with more than one axle
    • B61F3/08—Types of bogies with more than one axle without driven axles or wheels
    • B61F3/10—Types of bogies with more than one axle without driven axles or wheels with three or more axles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/04—Bolster supports or mountings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61F—RAIL VEHICLE SUSPENSIONS, e.g. UNDERFRAMES, BOGIES OR ARRANGEMENTS OF WHEEL AXLES; RAIL VEHICLES FOR USE ON TRACKS OF DIFFERENT WIDTH; PREVENTING DERAILING OF RAIL VEHICLES; WHEEL GUARDS, OBSTRUCTION REMOVERS OR THE LIKE FOR RAIL VEHICLES
    • B61F5/00—Constructional details of bogies; Connections between bogies and vehicle underframes; Arrangements or devices for adjusting or allowing self-adjustment of wheel axles or bogies when rounding curves
    • B61F5/02—Arrangements permitting limited transverse relative movements between vehicle underframe or bolster and bogie; Connections between underframes and bogies
    • B61F5/14—Side bearings
    • B61F5/142—Side bearings made of rubber elements, graphite or the like

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a three-axle bogie for rail vehicles with an H-shaped main frame, which is provided in the center for supporting the car body with a rotary pan bearing and which in turn is supported on its four ends on a side cheek, which in turn each on an axle bearing of an outer and the middle axis is supported.
  • Three-axis bogies of the type described above are known in practice in various versions. They can be designed as two-axle drives with a third axle attached and have rigid frames and rigid wheel guides, so that not only problems arise with the adjustment of the individual axles required for cornering, but also an uneven axle load distribution which adversely affects derailment safety.
  • the three-axle bogies of the type specified at the outset are known.
  • so-called side bolsters are provided, each of which is supported on an axle bearing of one of the two outer and middle axles.
  • an H-shaped main frame with its four ends is supported on these side walls, the H-shaped main frame being provided with a pivoting-cup bearing in the center for supporting the car body.
  • the bogie thus consists essentially of three basic elements, which are mutually supported in a very specific way.
  • the three axes are in the lowest position.
  • the side walls are supported on these, on which, in turn, the third element of the H-shaped main frame is supported.
  • problems arise when cornering due to the lack of adjustment options for the individual axes.
  • a three-axle bogie for rail vehicles which has as its main element a box-shaped bogie frame, on the underside of which the three axles are arranged.
  • axle links are provided for the two outer axles, which are pivoted about joints.
  • the free ends of these wishbones are arranged so that they can move vertically in guides, the axles being attached to the axles in this outer pivoting range.
  • two suspension springs are provided on both sides of the middle axle.
  • suspension springs are mounted on so-called spring supports, which connect the two axle links to one another, these spring supports being articulated in the central region of the box-shaped bogie frame on the axle support of the central axle.
  • the box-shaped bogie frame is supported at the upper end of the two suspension springs.
  • the middle axis is guided in a U-shaped recess in the box-shaped bogie frame in a sliding guide in a vertically displaceable manner.
  • a double-armed axle pressure compensation lever is provided for articulating the spring support on the axle bearing, which is articulated via a pin on this middle axle bearing.
  • the inner free ends of the spring supports are articulated to the free ends of this double-armed axle pressure compensation lever. A tilting movement is possible in this way.
  • This known three-axle bogie has the disadvantage that the running properties are only very inadequate.
  • the three axes can only be displaced in the vertical direction, so that mutual adjustment of the axes is not possible at all, especially when cornering, so that derailment security is very inadequate.
  • the known bogie can only be equipped with wheels with large diameters in order to improve the safety against derailment to some extent.
  • the known bogie is not suitable for rail vehicles that are used for the transport of road vehicles, namely trucks or semi-trailers.
  • EP-A-0 019 265 discloses a bogie which has four axes which are combined in pairs.
  • side walls are mounted on the axially combined axles, so that the axially formed pairs form a tandem.
  • An H-shaped main pivot which is provided with a rotary pan bearing in the center to support the car body, is supported with its four ends via spring elements directly on one of the four side bolsters in the middle.
  • the spring elements of each pair of spring elements are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the side cheek.
  • the object of the invention is to create a bogie which, with a simple construction and a small overall height, evenly distributes the load to be borne by the three axles and has good overall running properties, so that wheels also smallest possible diameter can be used for the bogie, as is required for rail vehicles that are used for the transport of road vehicles.
  • the invention proposes that the ends of the main frame are each supported directly on the side cheeks by means of two spring elements which are offset with respect to one another in the longitudinal direction of the side cheek, that the support center of the spring elements is at a distance of one third of the center distance from the outer axis and in one Distance is two thirds of the center distance to the central axis and that the two respective inner ends of the side cheeks are articulated at a common pivot point on the axle bearing of the central axis.
  • a three-axle bogie designed according to this technical teaching has the advantage that all three axles are articulated over the side cheeks are interconnected, so that the bogie is designed in the manner of two four-bar transmissions connected in series.
  • the three axles of the bogie are each loaded with about a third of the bogie load, so that all wheels of the bogie stand on the rails with approximately the same pressure.
  • This advantage which is crucial for derailment safety, is achieved by the direct support of the main frame on the four side cheeks and the arrangement of the support points according to the invention between the axes which are at the same distance from one another.
  • the offset arrangement of the spring elements ensures that all other spring elements exert a restoring effect on the side cheeks when one of the three axes has been deflected laterally with respect to the other axes.
  • the spring elements thus have a double effect, in that they not only effect the suspension of the rail vehicle in the vertical direction, but also stabilize and guide the central axis in particular, despite the articulated connection of the two side cheeks on each side of the bogie improves the guiding properties of the three-axle bogie, for example by guiding the leading axle over the two trailing axles in the direction of travel when driving through double crossing switches, which is particularly important with small wheel diameters.
  • the common support of the respective inner ends of the side bolsters in a common pivot point on the axle bearing of the central axle is not only a prerequisite for an even axle load distribution, but also enables the three axles connected to the side bolsters to be articulated via their axle bearings in the necessary measurement can adjust to each other, as is particularly necessary for cornering.
  • a good spatial adjustment of the side cheeks to each other and to the axle bearing of the central axis is made possible by the common pivot point, as is necessary in particular when cornering in elevated bends by lateral deflection of the central axis.
  • the triaxial bogie according to the invention has such good running properties with a simple design effort that it can be equipped with wheels of the smallest possible diameter without thereby reducing the derailment security.
  • the wheels for example, with a running circle diameter of only 450 mm, thus enable a very low overall height of the bogie according to the invention of approximately 550 mm.
  • the bogie according to the invention can thus preferably be used for rail vehicles which are used for the transport of road vehicles, namely trucks or semi-trailers.
  • the supports arranged between the axle bearings of the axles and the side cheeks are designed with a spherical bearing surface, which enables adjustment that can be moved on all sides.
  • the spring elements are not only maintenance-free, but also exert high restoring forces if the spring element is deformed by the lateral offset of one of the three axes of the bogie in a manner that deviates from the deformation , which occurs with a pure spring movement in the vertical direction.
  • the bogie has an overall H-shaped main frame 1, which is composed of a longitudinal beam 1 a lying in the direction of travel and two cross beams 1 b running parallel to one another, which are thus arranged transversely to the running direction of the bogie. are.
  • the carriage body of the rail vehicle not shown in the drawing, is supported on the main frame 1 by means of a rotary socket bearing.
  • the lower bearing part 1c of this rotary cup bearing can be seen in the drawing.
  • Each wheel set 3 comprises an axle 3a which is provided with wheels 3b of small diameter and is rotatably supported in axle bearings 4 with its laterally projecting steering knuckles 3c.
  • a support 5 is arranged with a spherical bearing surface that enables adjustment that can be moved on all sides.
  • spring elements are used as spring elements, the roller spring 6a of which consists of a ring made of rubber or plastic and is arranged between a lower spring plate 6b and an upper spring divider 6c.
  • the roller spring 6a In addition to a spring travel in the vertical direction, such a design enables a limited movement of the side cheek 2a or 2b relative to the main frame 1 both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction and also a movement at an angle to the longitudinal and transverse directions.
  • the wheel sets 3 of the bogie have the possibility of automatically adapting to the respective rail course when passing through a curved track adapt.
  • the construction described also ensures that the wheel sets 3 each return to the central position after passing through a curved track, so that the bogie ensures exact straight running.
  • the center of support of the spring elements 6 arranged in pairs on the side cheeks 2a and 2b lies at a distance of one third of the center distance from the outer axis 3a and at a distance of two thirds of the center distance from the central axis 3a, so that all three axes 3a of the bogie each are loaded with about a third of the bogie load and accordingly all the wheels 3b of the bogie stand on the rails with approximately the same pressure.
  • the respective inner ends of the side cheeks 2a and 2b are jointly supported on the axle bearing 4 of the central axle 3a, as can be seen not only in the top view in FIG. 1, but also in particular in FIG. 2.
  • This common support of the respective inner ends of the side cheeks 2a and 2b on the axle bearing 4 of the central axle 3a provides, on the one hand, for a uniform axle load distribution and, on the other hand, is a prerequisite for the three to be articulated with the side cheeks 2a and 4b via their axle bearings 4 2b connected axes 3a can adjust relative to each other when cornering.
  • the good running properties of the triaxial wire frame achieved by the construction described above enable the use of wheels 3b with the smallest possible diameter.
  • the wheels 3b for example, with a running circle diameter of only 450 mm, enable a very low overall height of the entire bogie of about 550 mm, so that the bogie can be used for rail freight cars for transporting road vehicles that have a very low height of the loading area above the Require the top edge of the rail so that the road vehicles remain within the permissible profile for the rail freight wagons.
  • the bogie in this context is the course of the cross member 1 of the main frame 1 transversely to the direction of rotation of the bogie, because this makes it possible for the cross member 1b of the main frame 1 to run between the wheel sets 3 in a lowered manner.
  • the lower bearing part 1c of the wire pan bearing is arranged within the main frame 1 in such a way that its bearing surface lies essentially below the upper edge of the main frame 1. This, together with a lowering of the side cheeks 2a and 2b in the area of the spring elements 6, enables the overall low overall height of the bogie of only about 550 mm.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)
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Abstract

1. Three-axle bogie for rail vehicles, comprising an H-shaped main frame (1), which is provided in the centre with a pivot bearing for supporting the wagon box and is itself supported via its four ends on a respective side piece (2a, 2b), which in turn is supported on a respective axle bearing (4) of an outer and the central axle (3a), characterised in that the ends of the main frame (1) are in each case directly supported on the side pieces (2a, 2b) via two spring elements (6), which are staggered in the longitudinal direction of the side piece (2a, 2b), that the support centre of the spring elements (6) is disposed at a distance of one third of the axle base from the outer axle (3a) and at a distance of two thirds of the axle base from the central axle (3a), and that the two respective inner ends of the side pieces (2a, 2b) are supported in a hinged manner at a common pivot point on the axle bearing (4) of the central axle (3a).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein dreiachsiges Drehgestell für Schienenfahrzeuge mit einem H-förmigen Hauptrahmen, der zur Auflage des Wagenkastens mittig mit einem Drehpfannenlager versehen ist und der sich seinerseits über seine vier Enden auf jeweils einer Seitenwange abstützt, die ihrerseits jeweils auf einem Achslager einer äußeren und der mittleren Achse abgestützt ist.The invention relates to a three-axle bogie for rail vehicles with an H-shaped main frame, which is provided in the center for supporting the car body with a rotary pan bearing and which in turn is supported on its four ends on a side cheek, which in turn each on an axle bearing of an outer and the middle axis is supported.

Dreiachsige Drehgestellte der voranstehend beschriebenen Art sind in verschiedenen Ausführungen aus der Praxis bekannt. Sie können als Zweiachslaufwerke mit angehängter dritter Achse ausgeführt sein und besitzen starre Rahmen sowie starre Radführungen, so daß sich nicht nur Probleme bei der für die Kurvenfahrt erforderlichen Einstellung der einzelnen Achsen ergeben, sondern auch eine ungleichmäßige Achslastverteilung, welche die Entgleisungssicherheit ungünstig beeinflußt. Darüber hinaus kennt man die dreiachsigen Drehgestelle der eingangs angegebenen Art. Hier sind sogenannte Seitenwangen vorgesehen, die sich jeweils auf einem Achslager einer der beiden äußeren und der mittleren Achse abstützen. Auf diesen Seitenwangen stützt sich hinwiederum ein H-förmiger Hauptrahmen mit seinen vier Enden ab, wobei der H-förmige Hauptrahmen zur Auflage des Wagenkastens mittig mit einem Drehpfannenlager versehen ist. Das Drehgestell besteht somit im wesentlichen aus drei Grundelementen, die in ganz bestimmter Weise gegenseitig abgestützt sind, Zunächst sind in der untersten Position die drei Achsen. Auf diesen sind die Seitenwangen abgestützt, auf denen sich hinwiederum als drittes Element des H-förmige Hauptrahmen abstützt. Auch hier ergeben sich Probleme bei Kurvenfahrten aufgrund mangelnder Einstellmöglichkeiten der einzelnen Achsen.Three-axis bogies of the type described above are known in practice in various versions. They can be designed as two-axle drives with a third axle attached and have rigid frames and rigid wheel guides, so that not only problems arise with the adjustment of the individual axles required for cornering, but also an uneven axle load distribution which adversely affects derailment safety. In addition, the three-axle bogies of the type specified at the outset are known. Here, so-called side bolsters are provided, each of which is supported on an axle bearing of one of the two outer and middle axles. Again, an H-shaped main frame with its four ends is supported on these side walls, the H-shaped main frame being provided with a pivoting-cup bearing in the center for supporting the car body. The bogie thus consists essentially of three basic elements, which are mutually supported in a very specific way. First, the three axes are in the lowest position. The side walls are supported on these, on which, in turn, the third element of the H-shaped main frame is supported. Here, too, problems arise when cornering due to the lack of adjustment options for the individual axes.

Aus der DE-B-1 178 886 ist ein dreiachsiges Drehgestell für Schienenfahrzeuge bekannt, das als Hauptelement einen kastenförmigen Drehgestellrahmen besitzt, en dessen Unterseite die drei Achsen angeordnet sind. Zu diesem Zweck sind für die beiden äußeren Achsen sogenannte Achslenker vorgesehen, die um Gelenke verschwenkbar gelagert sind. Die freien Enden dieser Achslenker sind in Führungen vertikal beweglich angeordnet, wobei in diesem äußeren Schwenkbereich die Achslenker der Achsen angebracht sind. Um die Achslenker und somit die äußeren Achsen in ihrer vertikalen Bewegung zu federn, sind zwei Tragfedern beidseitig der mittleren Achse vorgesehen. Diese Tragfedern lagern auf sogenannten Federträgern, die die beiden Achslenker miteinander verbinden, wobei diese Federträger im mittleren Bereich des kastenförmigen Drehgestellrahmens am Achslager der mittleren Achse angelenkt sind. Am oberen Ende der beiden Tragfedem ist der kastenförmige Drehgestellrahmen abgestützt. Die mittlere Achse ist in einer U-förmigen Aussparung im kastenförmigen Drehgestellrahmen in einer Gleitfürhung vertikal verschiebbar geführt. Zur Anlenkung der Federträger am Achslager ist ein doppelarmiger Achsdruckausgleichhebel vorgesehen, der gelenkig über einen Bolzen an diesem mittleren Achslager gelagert ist. An den freien Enden dieses doppelarmigen Achsdruckausgleichhebels sind die inneren freien Enden der Federträger angelenkt. Auf diese Weise ist eine Kippbewegung möglich.From DE-B-1 178 886 a three-axle bogie for rail vehicles is known, which has as its main element a box-shaped bogie frame, on the underside of which the three axles are arranged. For this purpose, so-called axle links are provided for the two outer axles, which are pivoted about joints. The free ends of these wishbones are arranged so that they can move vertically in guides, the axles being attached to the axles in this outer pivoting range. In order to spring the axle links and thus the outer axles in their vertical movement, two suspension springs are provided on both sides of the middle axle. These suspension springs are mounted on so-called spring supports, which connect the two axle links to one another, these spring supports being articulated in the central region of the box-shaped bogie frame on the axle support of the central axle. The box-shaped bogie frame is supported at the upper end of the two suspension springs. The middle axis is guided in a U-shaped recess in the box-shaped bogie frame in a sliding guide in a vertically displaceable manner. A double-armed axle pressure compensation lever is provided for articulating the spring support on the axle bearing, which is articulated via a pin on this middle axle bearing. The inner free ends of the spring supports are articulated to the free ends of this double-armed axle pressure compensation lever. A tilting movement is possible in this way.

Dieses bekannte dreiachsige Drehgestell hat den Nachteil, daß die Laufeigenschaften nur sehr unzureichend sind. Die drei Achsen sind lediglich in vertikaler Richtung verschiebbar, so daß eine gegenseitige Einstellung der Achsen insbesondere bei Kurvenfahrt überhaupt nicht möglich ist, so daß die Entgleisungssicherheit nur sehr unzureichend ist. Aus diesem Grunde kann das bekannte Drehgestell auch nur mit Rädern mit großen Durchmessern ausgestattet werden, um die Entgleisungssicherheit einigermaßen zu verbessern. Dadurch ist aber das bekannte Drehgestell nicht für Schienenfahrzeuge geeignet, die für den Transport von Straßenfahrzeugen, nämlich Lastzügen oder Sattelaufliegern verwendet werden.This known three-axle bogie has the disadvantage that the running properties are only very inadequate. The three axes can only be displaced in the vertical direction, so that mutual adjustment of the axes is not possible at all, especially when cornering, so that derailment security is very inadequate. For this reason, the known bogie can only be equipped with wheels with large diameters in order to improve the safety against derailment to some extent. As a result, the known bogie is not suitable for rail vehicles that are used for the transport of road vehicles, namely trucks or semi-trailers.

Aus der EP-A-0 019 265 schließlich ist ein Drehgestell bekannt, das vier Achsen aufweist, die paarweise zusammengefaßt sind. Zu diesem Zweck sind auf den paarweise zusammengefaßten Achsen Seitenwangen gelagert, so daß die so ausgebildeten Achspaare gewissermaßen ein Tandem bilden. Ein H-förmiger Hauptrehmen, der zur Auflage des Wagenkastens mittig mit einem Drehpfannenlager versehen ist, stützt sich mit seinen vier Enden über Federelemente jeweils unmittelbar auf einer der vier Seitenwangen in deren Hitte ab. Dabei sind die Federelemente eines jeden Federelement-Paares in Längsrichtung der Seitenwange hintereinander angeordnet.Finally, EP-A-0 019 265 discloses a bogie which has four axes which are combined in pairs. For this purpose, side walls are mounted on the axially combined axles, so that the axially formed pairs form a tandem. An H-shaped main pivot, which is provided with a rotary pan bearing in the center to support the car body, is supported with its four ends via spring elements directly on one of the four side bolsters in the middle. The spring elements of each pair of spring elements are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction of the side cheek.

Ausgehend von einem dreiachsigen Drehgestell für Schienenfahrzeuge der eingangs angegebenen Art liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Drehgestell zu schaffen, das bei einfacher Konstruktion und geringer Bauhöhe die aufzunehmende Last gleichmäßig auf die drei Achsen verteilt und insgesamt gute Laufeigenschaften besitzt, so daß auch Räder mit kleinstmöglichen Durchmesser für das Drehgestell verwendet werden können, wie dies bei Schienenfahrzeugen erforderlich ist, die zum Transport von Straßenfahrzeugen eingesetzt werden.Starting from a three-axle bogie for rail vehicles of the type specified at the outset, the object of the invention is to create a bogie which, with a simple construction and a small overall height, evenly distributes the load to be borne by the three axles and has good overall running properties, so that wheels also smallest possible diameter can be used for the bogie, as is required for rail vehicles that are used for the transport of road vehicles.

Als technische Lösung wird mit der Erfindung vorgeschlagen, daß die Enden des Hauptrahmens jeweils über zwei in Längsrichtung der Seitenwange zueinander versetzte Federelemente unmittelbar auf den Seitenwangen abgestützt sind, daß die Abstützungsmitte der Federelemente in einem Abstand von einem Drittel des Achsabstandes zur äußeren Achse und in einem Abstand von zwei Dritteln des Achsabstandes zur mittleren Achse liegt und daß die beiden jeweils innenliegenden Enden der Seitenwangen in einem gemeinsamen Drehpunkt auf dem Achslager der mittleren Achse gelenkig abgestützt sind.As a technical solution, the invention proposes that the ends of the main frame are each supported directly on the side cheeks by means of two spring elements which are offset with respect to one another in the longitudinal direction of the side cheek, that the support center of the spring elements is at a distance of one third of the center distance from the outer axis and in one Distance is two thirds of the center distance to the central axis and that the two respective inner ends of the side cheeks are articulated at a common pivot point on the axle bearing of the central axis.

Ein nach dieser technischen Lehre ausgebildetes dreiachsiges Drehgestell hat den Vorteil, daß alle drei Achsen über die Seitenwangen gelenkig miteinander verbunden sind, so daß das Drehgestell in der Art von zwei hintereinander geschalteten Viergelenkgetrieben ausgebildet ist. Die drei Achsen des Drehgestells werden jeweils mit etwa einem Drittel der Drehgestell-Last belastet, so daß alle Räder des Drehgestells mit etwa gleichem Druck auf den Schienen aufstehen. Dieser für die Entgleisungssicherheit entscheidende Vorteil wird durch die unmittelbare Abstützung des Hauptrahmens auf den vier Seitenwangen und die erfindungsgemäße Anordnung der Abstützungspunkte zwischen den mit gleichem Abstand voneinander liegenden Achsen erzielt. Durch die versetzte Anordnung der Federelemente wird erreicht, daß sämtliche sont Federelemente eine Rückstellwirkung auf die Seitenwangen ausüben, wenn eine der drei Achsen seitlich gegenüber den anderen Achsen ausgelenkt worden ist. Den Federelementen kommt somit eine Doppelwirkung zu, indem sie nicht nur die Federung des Schienenfahrzeugs in senkrechter Richtung bewirken, sondern auch eine Stabilisierung und Führung insbesondere der mittleren Achse, und zwar trotz der gelenkigen Verbindung der auf jeder Seite des Drehgestells vorhandenen beiden Seitenwangen, Außerdem werden die Führungseigenschaften des dreiachsigen Drehgestells verbessert, indem z.B. beim Durchfahren von Doppelkreuzungsweichen die vorlaufende Achse über die beiden nachlaufenden Achsen in Fahrtrichtung geführt wird, was insbesondere bei kleinem Raddurchmesser wichtig ist. Die gemeinsame Abstützung der jeweils innenliegenden Enden der Seitenwangen in einem gemeinsamen Drehpunkt auf dem Achslager der mittleren Achse ist nicht nur Voraussetzung für eine gleichmäßige Achslastverteilung, sondern ermöglicht darüber hinaus, daß sich die drei über ihre Achslager im notwendigen Meß gelenkig mit den Seitenwangen verbundenen Achsen relativ zueinander einstellen können, wie dies insbesondere für Kurvenfahrt erforderlich ist. Insbesondare wird durch den gemeinsamen Drehpunkt eine gute räumliche Einstellung der Seitenwangen zueinander und zum Achslager der mittleren Achse ermöglicht, als dies insbesondere bei Kurvenfahrt in überhöhten Gleisbögen durch seitliche Auslenkung der mittleren Achse erforderlich ist.A three-axle bogie designed according to this technical teaching has the advantage that all three axles are articulated over the side cheeks are interconnected, so that the bogie is designed in the manner of two four-bar transmissions connected in series. The three axles of the bogie are each loaded with about a third of the bogie load, so that all wheels of the bogie stand on the rails with approximately the same pressure. This advantage, which is crucial for derailment safety, is achieved by the direct support of the main frame on the four side cheeks and the arrangement of the support points according to the invention between the axes which are at the same distance from one another. The offset arrangement of the spring elements ensures that all other spring elements exert a restoring effect on the side cheeks when one of the three axes has been deflected laterally with respect to the other axes. The spring elements thus have a double effect, in that they not only effect the suspension of the rail vehicle in the vertical direction, but also stabilize and guide the central axis in particular, despite the articulated connection of the two side cheeks on each side of the bogie improves the guiding properties of the three-axle bogie, for example by guiding the leading axle over the two trailing axles in the direction of travel when driving through double crossing switches, which is particularly important with small wheel diameters. The common support of the respective inner ends of the side bolsters in a common pivot point on the axle bearing of the central axle is not only a prerequisite for an even axle load distribution, but also enables the three axles connected to the side bolsters to be articulated via their axle bearings in the necessary measurement can adjust to each other, as is particularly necessary for cornering. In particular, a good spatial adjustment of the side cheeks to each other and to the axle bearing of the central axis is made possible by the common pivot point, as is necessary in particular when cornering in elevated bends by lateral deflection of the central axis.

Das erfindungsgemäße dreiachsige Drehgestell besitzt bei einfachem konstruktivem Aufwand derart gute Laufeigenschften, daß es mit Rädern kleinstmöglichen Durchmessers ausgestattet werden kann, ohne daß hierdurch die Entgleisungssicherheit sinkt. Die beispielsweise mit einem Laufkreisdurchmesser von nur 450 mm ausgeführten Räder ermöglichen somit eine sehr geringe Bauhöhe des erfindungsgemäßen Drehgestelles von etwa 550 mm. Das erfindunggemäße Drehgestell kann somit vorzugsweise für Schienenfahrzeuge verwendet werden, die für den Transport von Straßenfahrzeugen, nämlich Lastzügen oder Sattelaufliegern verwendet werden.The triaxial bogie according to the invention has such good running properties with a simple design effort that it can be equipped with wheels of the smallest possible diameter without thereby reducing the derailment security. The wheels, for example, with a running circle diameter of only 450 mm, thus enable a very low overall height of the bogie according to the invention of approximately 550 mm. The bogie according to the invention can thus preferably be used for rail vehicles which are used for the transport of road vehicles, namely trucks or semi-trailers.

In einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung sind die zwischen den Achslagern der Achsen und den Seitenwangen angeordneten Auflager mit einer sphärischen, eine allseitig bewegliche Einstellung ermöglichenden Lagerfläche ausgeführt.In a development of the invention, the supports arranged between the axle bearings of the axles and the side cheeks are designed with a spherical bearing surface, which enables adjustment that can be moved on all sides.

In einer weiteren Weiterbildung wird schließlich vorgeschlagen, die Federelemente als Gummirollfedern auszubilden, das diese nicht nur wartungsfrei sind, sondern hohe Rückstellkrafte aufbringen, wenn das Federelement durch den seitlichen Versatz ainer der drei Achsen des Drehgestells in einer Weise verformt wird, die von der Verformung abweicht, welche bei einer reinen Federbewegung in senkrechter Richtung auftritt.In a further development, it is finally proposed to design the spring elements as rubber roller springs, which are not only maintenance-free, but also exert high restoring forces if the spring element is deformed by the lateral offset of one of the three axes of the bogie in a manner that deviates from the deformation , which occurs with a pure spring movement in the vertical direction.

Auf der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Drehgestelles dargestellt, und zwar zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf das Drehgestell,
  • Fig. 2 eine teilweise gemäß der Schnittlinie II-II in Fig. 1 geschnittene Seitenansicht zu Fig. 1,
  • Fig. 3 einen Schnitt gemäß der Schnittlinie 111-111 in Fig. 1 im Bereich eines Auflagers,
  • Fig. 4 eine der Fig. 2 entsprechende Seitenansicht mit einem Teilschnitt im Bereich des mittleren Achslagers und
  • Fig. 5 einen im vergrößerten Maßstab dargestellten Schnitt im Bereich zweier Federelemente.
In the drawing, an embodiment of the bogie according to the invention is shown, namely:
  • 1 is a plan view of the bogie,
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of FIG. 1, partially cut along the section line II-II in FIG. 1,
  • 3 shows a section along the section line 111-111 in FIG. 1 in the region of a support,
  • Fig. 4 is a side view corresponding to FIG. 2 with a partial section in the area of the central axle bearing and
  • Fig. 5 shows a section on an enlarged scale in the region of two spring elements.

Das Drehgestell besitzt einen insgesamt H-förmigen Hauptrahmen 1, der aus einem in Fahrtrichtung liegenden Längsträger 1a und zwei parallel zueinander verlaufenden Querträgern 1b zusammengesetzt ist, die somit quer zur Laufrichtung des Drehgestelles angeordnet. sind. In der Mitte des Längsträgers 1a stützt sich der auf der Zeichnung nicht dargestellte Wagenkasten des Schienenfahrzeugs mittels eines Drehpfannenlagers auf dem Hauptrahmen 1 ab. Von diesem Drehpfannenlager ist auf der Zeichnung das Lagerunterteil 1c zu erkennen.The bogie has an overall H-shaped main frame 1, which is composed of a longitudinal beam 1 a lying in the direction of travel and two cross beams 1 b running parallel to one another, which are thus arranged transversely to the running direction of the bogie. are. In the middle of the longitudinal member 1 a, the carriage body of the rail vehicle, not shown in the drawing, is supported on the main frame 1 by means of a rotary socket bearing. The lower bearing part 1c of this rotary cup bearing can be seen in the drawing.

Die vier Enden des Hauptrahmens 1, die jeweils paarweise in Fahrtrichtung hintereinander liegen, stützen sich jeweils auf einer Seitenwange 2a bzw. 2b ab, die jeweils einen äußeren Radsatz 3 mit dem mittleren Radsatz 3 verbinden. Jeder Radsatz 3 umfaßt eine Achse 3a, die mit Rädern 3b kleinen Durchmessers versehen ist und mit ihren seitlich hervorstehenden Achsschenkeln 3c in Achslagern 4 drehbar gelagert ist. Wie insbesondere Fig. 3 erkennen läßt, ist zwischen jedem Achslager 4 und der zugehörigen Seitenwange 2a bzw. 2b ein Auflager 5 mit einer sphärischen, eine allseitig bewegliche Einstellung ermöglichenden Lagerfläche angeordnet.The four ends of the main frame 1, each lying in pairs in the direction of travel, are each supported on a side cheek 2a or 2b, each of which connects an outer wheel set 3 to the middle wheel set 3. Each wheel set 3 comprises an axle 3a which is provided with wheels 3b of small diameter and is rotatably supported in axle bearings 4 with its laterally projecting steering knuckles 3c. As can be seen in particular in FIG. 3, between each axle bearing 4 and the associated side cheek 2a or 2b, a support 5 is arranged with a spherical bearing surface that enables adjustment that can be moved on all sides.

Die Abstützung der vier Enden des Hauptrahmens 1 auf den Seitenwangen 2a und 2b erfolgt jeweils durch zwei Federelemente 6, wie dies am besten in Fig. 5 zu erkennen ist. Als Federelemente sind beim Ausführungsbeispiel Rollfederelemente verwendet, deren aus einem Ring aus Gummi oder Kunststoff bestehende Rollfeder 6a zwischen einem unteren Federteller 6b und einem oberen Federteiler 6c angeordnet ist. Eine derartige Ausbildung ermöglicht außer einem Federweg in senkrechter Richtung eine begrenzte Bewegung der Seitenwange 2a bzw. 2b gegenüber dem Hauptrahmen 1 sowohl in Längsrichtung als auch in Querrichtung sowie außerdem eine Bewegung im Winkel zur Längs- und Querrichtung. Durch den in Fig. 1 erkennbaren Versatz der beiden Federelemente 6 gegenüber der Längsrichtung der Seitenwange 2a bzw. 2b wird außerdem erreicht, daß sämtliche acht Federelemente 6 eine Rückstellwirkung auf die Seitenwangen 2a bzw. 2b ausüben, wenn eine der drei Achsen 3a seitlich gegenüber den anderen Achsen 3a ausgelenkt worden ist. Die Federelemente 6 besitzen somit eine Doppelwirkung, indem sie nicht nur die Federung des Schienenfahrzeugs in senkrechter Richtung bewirken, sondern auch eine Stabilisierung und Führung insbesondere der mittleren Achse 3a, Weiterhin werden durch diese Anordnung die Führungseigenschaften des dreiachsigen Drehgestelles verbessert, weil beim Durchfahren von Doppelkreuzungsweichen die jeweils vorlaufende Achse 3a über die beiden nachlaufenden Achsen 3a in Fahrtrichtung geführt wird.The four ends of the main frame 1 are supported on the side cheeks 2a and 2b by two spring elements 6, as can best be seen in FIG. 5. In the exemplary embodiment, spring elements are used as spring elements, the roller spring 6a of which consists of a ring made of rubber or plastic and is arranged between a lower spring plate 6b and an upper spring divider 6c. In addition to a spring travel in the vertical direction, such a design enables a limited movement of the side cheek 2a or 2b relative to the main frame 1 both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction and also a movement at an angle to the longitudinal and transverse directions. 1 recognizable offset of the two spring elements 6 with respect to the longitudinal direction of the side cheek 2a or 2b also ensures that all eight spring elements 6 exert a restoring effect on the side cheeks 2a or 2b when one of the three axes 3a laterally opposite the other axes 3a has been deflected. The spring elements 6 thus have a double effect in that they not only effect the suspension of the rail vehicle in the vertical direction, but also stabilize and guide the central axis 3a in particular. Furthermore, this arrangement improves the guiding properties of the three-axle bogie, because when driving through double crossing switches the leading axis 3a is guided over the two trailing axes 3a in the direction of travel.

Durch die Verwendung der mit einer sphärischen Lagerfläche versehenen Auflager 5 zwischen jedem Achslager 4 und den Seitenwangen 2a bzw, 2b und durch die voranstehend geschilderte Beweglichkeit der Federelemente 6 besitzen die Radsätze 3 des Drehgestelles die Möglichkeit, sich beim Durchlaufen eines Gleisbogens selbsttätig an den jeweiligen Schienenverlauf anzupassen. Die geschilderte Konstruktion sorgt weiterhin dafür, daß die Radsätze 3 nach Durchlaufen eines Gleisbogens jeweils in die Mittellage zurückkehren, so daß das Drehgestell einen exakten Geradeauslauf gewährleistet.Through the use of the bearing 5 provided with a spherical bearing surface between each axle bearing 4 and the side cheeks 2a or 2b and through the above-described mobility of the spring elements 6, the wheel sets 3 of the bogie have the possibility of automatically adapting to the respective rail course when passing through a curved track adapt. The construction described also ensures that the wheel sets 3 each return to the central position after passing through a curved track, so that the bogie ensures exact straight running.

Die Abstützungsmitte der paarweise angeordneten Federelemente 6 auf den Seitenwangen 2a bzw. 2b liegt in einem Abstand von einem Drittel des Achsabstandes zur äußeren Achse 3a und in einem Abstand von zwei Dritteln des Achsabstandes zur mittleren Achse 3a, so daß alle drei Achsen 3a des Drehgestells jeweils mit etwa einem Drittel der Drehgestell-Last belastet werden und demgemäß alle Räder 3b des Drehgestells mit etwa gleichem Druck auf den Schienen aufstehen. Zu diesem Zweck sind die jeweils innenliegenden Enden der Seitenwangen 2a und 2b gemeinsam auf dem Achslager 4 der mittleren Achse 3a abgestützt, wie dies nicht nur in der Draufsicht in Fig. 1, sondern insbesondere auch in Fig. 2 erkennbar ist. Diese gemeinsame Abstützung der jeweils innenliegenden Enden der Seitenwangen 2a und 2b auf dem Achslager 4 der mittleren Achse 3a sorgt einerseits für eine gleichmäßige Achslastverteilung und ist andererseits Voraussetzung dafür, daß sich die drei über ihre Achslager 4 im notwendigen Maß gelenkig mit den Seitenwangen 2a bzw. 2b verbundenen Achsen 3a bei Kurvenfahrt relativ zueinander einstellen können.The center of support of the spring elements 6 arranged in pairs on the side cheeks 2a and 2b lies at a distance of one third of the center distance from the outer axis 3a and at a distance of two thirds of the center distance from the central axis 3a, so that all three axes 3a of the bogie each are loaded with about a third of the bogie load and accordingly all the wheels 3b of the bogie stand on the rails with approximately the same pressure. For this purpose, the respective inner ends of the side cheeks 2a and 2b are jointly supported on the axle bearing 4 of the central axle 3a, as can be seen not only in the top view in FIG. 1, but also in particular in FIG. 2. This common support of the respective inner ends of the side cheeks 2a and 2b on the axle bearing 4 of the central axle 3a provides, on the one hand, for a uniform axle load distribution and, on the other hand, is a prerequisite for the three to be articulated with the side cheeks 2a and 4b via their axle bearings 4 2b connected axes 3a can adjust relative to each other when cornering.

Die durch die voranstehend beschriebene Konstruktion erzielten guten Laufeigenschaften des dreiachsigen Drahgestelles ermöglichen die Verwendung von Rädern 3b kleinstmöglichen Durchmessers. Die beispielsweise mit einem Laufkreisdurchmesser von nur 450 mm ausgeführten Räder 3b ermöglichen eine sehr geringe Bauhöhe des gesamten Drehgestelles von etwa 550 mm, so daß das Drehgestell für Eisenbahn-Güterwagen zum Transport von Straßenfahrzeugen verwendet werden kann, die eine sehr niedrige Höhe der Ladefläche über der Schienenoberkante erfordern, damit die Straßenfahrzeuge innerhalb des zulässigen Profils für den Eisenbahn-Güterwagen bleiben. Ein in diesem Zusammenhang wichtiges Merkmal des Drehgestelles ist der Verlauf der Querträger 1 des Hauptrahmen 1 quer zur Laufrichtung des Drehgestelles, weil es hierdurch möglich wird, daß die Querträger 1b des Hauptrahmens 1 abgesenkt zwischen den Radsätzen 3 verlaufen. Weiterhin ist gemäß Fig. 2 das Lagerunterteil 1c des Drahpfannenlagers innerhalb des Hauptrahmens 1 derart angeordnet, daß seine Lagerfläche im wesentlichen unterhalb der Oberkante des Hauptrahmens 1 liegt. Dies ermöglicht zusammen mit einer Absenkung der Seitenwangen 2a und 2b im Bereich der Federelemente 6 die insgesamte geringe Bauhöhe des Drehgestelles von nur etwa 550 mm.The good running properties of the triaxial wire frame achieved by the construction described above enable the use of wheels 3b with the smallest possible diameter. The wheels 3b, for example, with a running circle diameter of only 450 mm, enable a very low overall height of the entire bogie of about 550 mm, so that the bogie can be used for rail freight cars for transporting road vehicles that have a very low height of the loading area above the Require the top edge of the rail so that the road vehicles remain within the permissible profile for the rail freight wagons. An important feature of the bogie in this context is the course of the cross member 1 of the main frame 1 transversely to the direction of rotation of the bogie, because this makes it possible for the cross member 1b of the main frame 1 to run between the wheel sets 3 in a lowered manner. 2, the lower bearing part 1c of the wire pan bearing is arranged within the main frame 1 in such a way that its bearing surface lies essentially below the upper edge of the main frame 1. This, together with a lowering of the side cheeks 2a and 2b in the area of the spring elements 6, enables the overall low overall height of the bogie of only about 550 mm.

Bezugsziffernliste:List of reference numbers:

  • 1 Hauptrahmen1 main frame
  • 1a Längsträger1a side member
  • 1b Querträger1b cross member
  • 1c Lagerunterteil1c lower part of the bearing
  • 2a Seitenwange2a side cheek
  • 2b Seitenwange2b side cheek
  • 3 Radsatz3 wheelset
  • 3a Achse3a axis
  • 3b Rad3b wheel
  • 3c Achsschenkel3c steering knuckle
  • 4 Achslager4 axle bearings
  • 5 Auflager5 supports
  • 6 Federelement6 spring element
  • 6a Rollfeder6a roller spring
  • 6b Federteller6b spring plate
  • 6c Federteller6c spring plate

Claims (3)

1. Three-axle bogie for rail vehicles, comprising an H-shaped main frame (1), which is provided in the centre with a pivot bearing for supporting the wagon box and is itself supported via its four ends on a respective side piece (2a, 2b), which in turn is supported on a respective axle bearing (4) of an outer and the central axle (3a), characterised in that the ends of the main frame (1) are in each case directly supported on the side pieces (2a, 2b) via two spring elements (6), which are staggered in the longitudinal direction of the side piece (2a, 2b), that the support centre of the spring elements (6) is disposed at a distance of one third of the axle base from the outer axle (3a) and at a distance of two thirds of the axle base from the central axle (3a), and that the two respective inner ends of the side pieces (2a, 2b) are supported in a hinged manner at a common pivot point on the axle bearing (4) of the central axle (3a).
2. Bogie according to claim 1, characterised in that the support (5), which is arranged between the axle bearings (4) of the axles (3a) and the side pieces (2a, 2b), comprises a spherical bearing surface which permits adjustment all-round.
3. Bogie according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the spring elements (6) are formed as rubber scroll springs.
EP83106790A 1982-08-10 1983-07-11 Three axles bogie for railway vehicles Expired - Lifetime EP0100893B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT83106790T ATE55579T1 (en) 1982-08-10 1983-07-11 THREE-AXLE BOGIE FOR RAIL VEHICLES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3229709A DE3229709C1 (en) 1982-08-10 1982-08-10 Three-axle bogie for rail vehicles
DE3229709 1982-08-10

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0100893A2 EP0100893A2 (en) 1984-02-22
EP0100893A3 EP0100893A3 (en) 1986-01-08
EP0100893B1 true EP0100893B1 (en) 1990-08-16

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ID=6170501

Family Applications (1)

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EP83106790A Expired - Lifetime EP0100893B1 (en) 1982-08-10 1983-07-11 Three axles bogie for railway vehicles

Country Status (9)

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EP (1) EP0100893B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE55579T1 (en)
DD (1) DD210239A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3229709C1 (en)
DK (1) DK166314C (en)
ES (1) ES282212Y (en)
NO (1) NO157053C (en)
PL (1) PL142531B1 (en)
YU (1) YU43549B (en)

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RU2745709C1 (en) * 2020-08-27 2021-03-30 Акционерное общество «Научно-производственная корпорация «Уралвагонзавод» имени Ф.Э. Дзержинского» Three-axle balancer trolley (versions)
RU2769031C1 (en) * 2021-08-25 2022-03-28 Акционерное общество «Научно-производственная корпорация «Уралвагонзавод» имени Ф.Э. Дзержинского» Wheels pair of a three-axle trolley of a railway freight car
RU2769028C1 (en) * 2021-08-25 2022-03-28 Акционерное общество «Научно-производственная корпорация «Уралвагонзавод» имени Ф.Э. Дзержинского» Wheels pair of a three-axle trolley of a railway freight car

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0659827B2 (en) * 1987-10-21 1994-08-10 株式会社日立製作所 Vehicle shaft spring device
DE19508589A1 (en) * 1994-03-13 1996-11-28 Josef Nusser Running gear for rail vehicle
DE102007022713A1 (en) 2007-05-15 2008-11-20 Siemens Ag Double-deck railway vehicle

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1178886B (en) * 1959-05-27 1964-10-01 Henschel Werke Ag Arrangement of springs and compensation levers on a three-axle bogie
DE2919635C2 (en) * 1979-05-16 1982-12-02 Waggonfabrik Talbot, 5100 Aachen Four-axle bogie

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2745709C1 (en) * 2020-08-27 2021-03-30 Акционерное общество «Научно-производственная корпорация «Уралвагонзавод» имени Ф.Э. Дзержинского» Three-axle balancer trolley (versions)
RU2769031C1 (en) * 2021-08-25 2022-03-28 Акционерное общество «Научно-производственная корпорация «Уралвагонзавод» имени Ф.Э. Дзержинского» Wheels pair of a three-axle trolley of a railway freight car
RU2769028C1 (en) * 2021-08-25 2022-03-28 Акционерное общество «Научно-производственная корпорация «Уралвагонзавод» имени Ф.Э. Дзержинского» Wheels pair of a three-axle trolley of a railway freight car

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE55579T1 (en) 1990-09-15
YU161583A (en) 1986-10-31
EP0100893A2 (en) 1984-02-22
NO157053B (en) 1987-10-05
ES282212U (en) 1985-03-01
DK359183D0 (en) 1983-08-05
YU43549B (en) 1989-08-31
ES282212Y (en) 1985-10-16
DK166314B (en) 1993-04-05
DD210239A5 (en) 1984-06-06
PL243373A1 (en) 1984-04-24
EP0100893A3 (en) 1986-01-08
NO832860L (en) 1984-02-13
DE3229709C1 (en) 1987-08-20
PL142531B1 (en) 1987-10-31
DK359183A (en) 1984-02-11
DK166314C (en) 1993-08-30
NO157053C (en) 1988-01-13

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