DE1105547B - Schmieroel - Google Patents

Schmieroel

Info

Publication number
DE1105547B
DE1105547B DES65886A DES0065886A DE1105547B DE 1105547 B DE1105547 B DE 1105547B DE S65886 A DES65886 A DE S65886A DE S0065886 A DES0065886 A DE S0065886A DE 1105547 B DE1105547 B DE 1105547B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
lubricating oil
tin
compound
halogen
oil according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DES65886A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Raymond Spencer Airs
Herbert Charles Evans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IASHELLIA RES Ltd
Original Assignee
IASHELLIA RES Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IASHELLIA RES Ltd filed Critical IASHELLIA RES Ltd
Publication of DE1105547B publication Critical patent/DE1105547B/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10M141/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M141/12Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic compound containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M141/02 - C10M141/10
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F7/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F7/22Tin compounds
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    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09JADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/20Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
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    • C10M2203/06Well-defined aromatic compounds
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Description

Es ist an sich bekannt, Schmierölen auf mineralischer oder synthetischer Basis eine halogenhaltige öllösliche organische Verbindung einzuverleiben, welche dem Basisöl günstige Hochdruckeigenschaften verleiht. Derartige Schmieröle eignen sich zur Schmierung bewegter metallischer Flächen unter Druck und insbesondere zur Schmierung von Dampfturbinen. Leider haben diese halogenhaltigen Schmieröle aber den Nachteil, daß sie eine Korrosion und Braunfärbung eisenhaltiger Oberflächen begünstigen.
Erfindungsgemäß läßt sich dieser Nachteil beheben, wenn man den Basisölen kleine Mengen einer Mischung aus einem halogenhaltigen öllöslichen organischen Hochdruckzusatz und aus einer gleichfalls öllöslichen Organo-Zinn-Verbindung einverleibt, die mindestens eine Kohlenstoff-Zinn-Bindung im Molekül aufweist. Die hierdurch erzielbaren Vorteile, welche vor allem in einer Herabsetzung der Korrosion und Fleckenbildung ohne Beeinträchtigung der .sonstigen wertvollen Eigenschaften des Schmieröles, wie z. B. seiner Dampf-Entemulgierungszahl bestehen, beruhen wahrscheinlich vor allem auf der Fähigkeit der Organo-Zinn-Verbindung zur Absorption des bei der praktischen Anwendung des Öls aus der halogenhaltigen organischen Verbindung freigesetzten Halogens.
Es ist bereits vorgeschlagen worden, Zinn-Silicium-Kohlenstoff-Organo-Polysiloxane als Zusatzstoffe für Hochtemperatur-Schmieröle zu verwenden, um deren Oxydationsbeständigkeit zu erhöhen und gleichzeitig ihren Reibungskoeffizienten herabzusetzen.
Weiterhin ist es bekannt, Schmierölen spezielle, vom vierwertigen Zinn abgeleitete Thioxanthate und Thiocarbamate beizumischen, um die Bildung saurer Oxydationsprodukte in hochraffinierten Ölprodukten zu verringern, welche gegenüber Metallen korrosiv wirken. Hierbei handelt es sich aber nicht um ein Zusammenwirken mit halogenhaltigen Hochdruckzusatzstoffen.
Die Schmieröle gemäß der Erfindung sind besonders geeignet zum Schmieren von Dampfturbinen. Sie sind jedoch auch in entsprechender Weise anwendbar bei anderen Schmierungsaufgaben, bei welchen hohe Drücke zwischen den beweglichen Teilen auftreten, z. B. bei Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Kraftübertragungsgetrieben.
Das als Basis verwendete Schmieröl kann jedes natürliche oder synthetische Schmieröl sein, das für die in Betracht kommende Anwendung brauchbar ist. Es können mineralische Schmieröle mit einer Viskosität von 40 bis 2000 SUS, insbesondere von 40 bis 400 SUS, bei 37,8° C verwendet werden. Diese mineralischen Schmieröle können aus den verschiedensten Roherdölen erhalten worden sein, z. B. aus naphthe-
Anmelder:
»Shell« Research Limited, London
Vertreter: Dr. K. Schwarzhans
und Dipl.-Chem. Dr. phil. E. Jung, Patentanwälte,
München 19, Romanplatz 9
Beanspruchte Priorität:
Großbritannien vom 20. November 1958
Raymond Spencer Airs, Hooton, Cheshire,
und Herbert Charles Evans, Haiton, Cheshire
(Großbritannien),
sind als Erfinder genannt worden
nischen, paraffinischen oder asphaltischen Rohölen. Es können auch Gemische aus mineralischen Schmierölen und fetten Ölen, wie Ricinusöl und Specköl, oder auch synthetische Schmieröle und Gemische aus synthetisehen Schmierölen mit mineralischen und bzw. oder fetten ölen verwendet werden. Geeignete synthetische Schmieröle werden z. B. durch Polymerisieren von Olefinen oder durch Alkylierung aromatischer Kohlenwasserstoffe mit Olefinen bzw. Alkylhalogeniden in Anwesenheit eines Friedel-Crafts-Katalysators erhalten. Auch organische Ester-Schmieröle, wie Sebazinsäure- oder Adipinsäure-di-(2-äthylhexyl)-ester sowie Trioctyl- oder Trikresylphosphat und Tetraoctylsilikate, sind als Basisöle brauchbar. Meistens liegt das Basis-Schmieröl in einer Menge über 90 Gewichtsprozent und häufig sogar in einer Menge von 95 oder mehr Gewichtsprozent, berechnet auf das gesamte Schmieröl, vor.
Als öllösliche, halogenhaltige organische Verbindung wird im Rahmen der Erfindung vorzugsweise eine halogenierte Erdölfraktion, wie Schmieröle und Paraffine, eingesetzt. Die Halogenierung erfolgt dabei so weit, daß mindestens 2 Halogenatome im Molekül enthalten sind, im allgemeinen bis zu einem Halogengehalt von 20 bis 70 Gewichtsprozent. Ein besonders geeignetes Ausgangsmaterial hierfür ist ein Paraffinwachs mit einem Schmelzpunkt von 38 bis 54,5° C, welches vorzugsweise bis zu einem Chlorgehalt von 30 bis 50 Gewichtsprozent und insbesondere über
109 578/390
40 Gewichtsprozent chloriert wird. Andere geeignete halogenierte Zusatzstoffe sind die halogenierten Fettsäuren, wie Chlorstearinsäuren und chlorierte fette öle und Fette, die mindestens 2 Chloratome im Molekül enthalten. Es können auch halogenierte aromatische Verbindungen verwendet werden, wie chloriertes Diphenyl, chlorierte Diphenyläther und chloriertes Napthalin, welche jeweils mindestens 2 Chloratome im Molekül enthalten, sowie 1,1,1 -Trichlor- 2,2- bis-(4'-chlorphenyl) -äthan.
Andere geeignete halogenhaltige Zusatzstoffe werden in den beiden britischen Patentschriften 622 311 und 640 530 beschrieben.
Die organische Zinnverbindung, die gemäß vorliegender Erfindung zur Herabsetzung der von dem gleichzeitigen Gehalt an der halogenhaltigen organischen Verbindung herrührenden Korrosivität der Schmieröle verwendet wird, soll mindestens eine Kohlenstoff-Zinn-Bindung im Molekül und vorzugsweise zwei oder mehr solcher Bindungen pro Zinnatom (falls das Molekül mehr als 1 Zinnatom enthält) aufweisen und in dem verwendeten Basisschmieröl löslich sein. In der betreffenden Verbindung können also zwei oder mehr der vier Zinnvalenzen durch Alkyl- oder Arylreste von geeignetem Molgewicht abgesättigt sein, während der Rest (falls vorhanden) der Valenzen in anderer Weise abgesättigt ist, vorzugsweise durch Reste, die im Sinne einer Verbesserung der Öllöslichkeit wirken, z. B. Fettsäurereste mit 8 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen. Beispiele solcher Zinnverbindungen sind Di-n-benzylthiozinn-di-n-octyl-, Di-n-butylzinndilaureat und andere Reaktionsprodukte der Dialkylzinnoxyde mit Alkoholen von geeignetem Molgewicht, z. B. n-Hexanol, Benzylalkohol und Octadecylalkohol. Diese Verbindungen können in Mengen von 0,01 bis etwa 1 Gewichtsprozent oder darüber und vorzugsweise in Mengen von 0,02 bis 0,5 Gewichtsprozent verwendet werden, oder sie werden in solchen Mengen eingesetzt, daß das fertige Schmieröl einen Zinngehalt von 0,002 bis 0,2 °/o oder darüber, vorzugsweise 0,05 bis 0,1%, aufweist.
Zusätzlich können die erfindungsgemäßen Schmieröle auch noch andere an sich bekannte Bestandteile enthalten, um spezielle Eigenschaften für besondere Anwendungszwecke zu erzielen. Solche weitere Zusatzstoffe umfassen Reinigungsmittel, Stockpunktserniedriger, Verbesserungsmittel für den Viskositätsindex, Antioxydationsmittel, rosthindernde Verbindungen und schaumhindernde Mittel.
Geeignete Reinigungsmittel sind z. B. die öllöslichen Salze von verschiedenen Fettsäuren mit 10 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatomen von Wollfettsäuren, von Paraffinwachs abgeleiteten Säuren (hergestellt durch Oxydation von Paraffin) von chlorierten Fettsäuren, Harzsäuren, aromatischen Carbonsäuren einschließlich der Fettsäuren mit einem aromatischen Substituenten, von Sulfonsäuren, von Phosphorsäure-, Arsen- und Antimonsäure-mono- und -diestern, einschließlich der entsprechenden Thiosäureester, sowie ferner von Estern der Phosphon- und der Arsensäure. Ausgezeichnete metallische Reinigungsmittel für die Zwecke der vorliegenden Erfindung sind die Calciumsalze öllöslicher Erdölsulfonsäuren. Diese können zweckmäßig in Mengen von etwa 0,025 bis 0,2% Sulfatasche vorliegen.
Geeignete Antioxydationsmittel sind z. B. Alkylphenole, Aminophenole und Amine.
Als rosthindernde Mittel können z. B. die Dicarbonsäuren mit 16 oder mehr Kohlenstoffatomen, die Alkali- und Erdalkalisalze von Sulfonsäuren oder Fettsäuren sowie mehrwertige Metallsalze von Alkylphenolkondensationsprodukten verwendet werden.
Die Schmieröle gemäß der Erfindung können ferner außer den halogenhaltigen organischen Verbindungen noch andere bekannte Hochdruckzusatzmittel enthalten, z. B. Ester von phosphorhaltigen Säuren, neutrale aromatische Schwefelverbindungen mit verhältnismäßig hohen Siedetemperaturen, wie Diarylsulfide, sulfonierte fette Öle oder ungesättigte Fettsäuren, wie
ίο sulfurierte Öl-, Linol-, Eruka-, Linolen- und Ricinolsäure, sulfurierte Ester aus Fettsäuren und einwertigen Alkoholen sowie sulfurierte langkettige Olefine und sulfurierte, phosphorierte fette öle oder Säuren. Je nach der Art des Zusatzstoffes und nach den Bedingungen, unter welchen das Gemisch verwendet werden soll, kann die Menge dieser weiteren Zusatzstoffe bis zu 2 Gewichtsprozent oder darüber (berechnet auf das Gesamtgemisch) betragen.
In den folgenden Beispielen sind die angegebenen Teile Gewichtsteile.
Beispiel 1
Ein für die Schmierung von Dampfturbinen vorzüglich geeignetes Schmieröl wurde hergestellt durch Vermischen der folgenden Komponenten:
74 Teile eines lösungsmittelraffinierten und mit Bleicherde behandelten mineralischen Schmieröls mit einer Viskosität Redwood 1 von 160 Sekunden bei 60° C;
20 Teile eines ähnlichen Öls mit einer Viskosität Redwood 1 von 65 Sekunden bei 60° C;
5 Teile chloriertes Paraffin (42 Gewichtsprozent Chlor) ;
0,4 Teile 2,6-Ditert.butyl-4-methylphenol;
0,02 Teile des Reaktionsproduktes aus Maleinsäureanhydrid und gespaltenen P araffinolefinen;
0,06 Teile sulfurierte Ölsäure;
0,5 Teile Dibutylzinndilaureat.
Es hatte einen kinematischen Viskositätsindex von 103 und eine Viskosität von 10 cSt bei 98,9° C bzw. von 87 cSt bei 37,8° C.
Dieses Öl wurde einer vergleichenden Prüfung mit einem ähnlichen öl unterworfen, welches aber die organische Zinnverbindung nicht enthielt. Es wurden Probestücke von handelsüblichem Weichstahl (25,4-25,4-1,59 mm) mit Schmirgelpapier poliert und jeweils in ein Gemisch von 45 ecm öl und 5 ecm Wasser in einem 100-ccm-Becher eingetaucht, so daß die untere Hälfte über der Flüssigkeitsfläche blieb. Die Becher wurden in einen Ofen gebracht, der auf 98 ±1° C gehalten wurde, und in Abständen geprüft, wobei erforderlichenfalls Wasser ergänzt wurde.
Das Probestück in dem Öl, ohne Zusatz einer organischen Zinnverbindung, zeigte nach 3 Tagen Rostflecken, während die Probe im Öl gemäß dem vorliegenden Beispiel selbst nach 4 Monaten keinen Rost aufwies. Bei dem Dampf-Desemulgierungstest (IP 19) ergab das Öl gemäß vorliegendem Beispiel eine Entemulgierungszahl von 220 Sekunden gegenüber 215 Sekunden bei dem Vergleichsöl. Eine solche Differenz liegt innerhalb der Fehlergrenzen des Versuchs. Nach dem ASTM-Test D 943-54 »Oxidation Characteristics of Inhibited Steam Turbine Oils« wies das Öl nach dem Beispiel eine Lebensdauer von mehr als 3000 Stunden auf, die sich vorteilhaft unterschied gegenüber einer Lebensdauer von nur 1500 bzw. 2000 Stunden, wie sie von üblichen guten Dampfturbinenölen gefordert werden kann.
Beispiel 2
Ein Öl von ähnlicher Zusammensetzung, wie im Beispiel 1 beschrieben, welches aber nur 0,05 % Di-n-butylzinndilaureat und keine sulfurierte Ölsäurekomponente enthielt, hatte ähnliche günstige physikalische Eigenschaften. Es ergaben sich auch ähnliche Resultate bei dem Plattentest im Ofen, wie er vorstehend beschrieben ist, und bei dem Dampf-Entemulgierungstest (IP 19). Dieses Öl wurde einer Prüfung im Vierkugelapparat (20 kg Belastung während 100 Minuten) und einer Timken-Belastungsprüfung (2,268 kg während 30 Minuten) unterworfen, wobei als Vergleichssubstanz das im Beispiel 1 erwähnte Ölgemisch ohne den Zusatz der zinnorganischen Verbindung diente. Es zeigte sich kein nennenswerter Unterschied in den Hochdruckeigenschaften gegenüber dem Vergleichsöl; dagegen war aber seine Beständigkeit gegenüber dem Rosten beim Auftragen auf eine Stahlplatte und bei Einwirkung eines Dampfstrahls vorzüglich.
Beispiel 3
Es wurde ein Schmieröl für Dampf turbinen und von ähnlicher Zusammensetzung wie im Beispiel 2 hergestellt, aber unter Zusatz von nur 0,03 Teilen sulfurierter ölsäure, was also der halben im Beispiel 1 verwendeten Menge entspricht.
Beispiel 4
Es wurde ein Schmieröl hergestellt durch Mischen der folgenden Komponenten:
94 Teile lösungsmittelraffiniertes und mit Bleicherde behandeltes mineralisches Schmieröl mit einer Aiskosität von Redwood 1 bei 60° C von 160 Sekunden;
4,4 Teile chloriertes Diphenyl (48 Gewichtsprozent Chlor) ;
0,4 Teile 2,6-Ditert.butyl-4-methylphenol;
0,02 Teile des Reaktionsproduktes aus Maleinsäureanhydrid und gespaltenem Wachsolefin;
0,06 Teile sulfurierte Ölsäure;
0,2 Teile Di-(benzylthio)-zinndi-n-octyl).
Beispiel 5
Das Zinndibutyldilaureat des Öls gemäß Beispiel 1 wurde ersetzt durch eine gleiche Menge Di-(benzyl thio)-zinndioctyl. Die Entemulgierungszahl des so erhaltenen Öls betrug 220 Sekunden.
Beispiel 6
Eine Zinnverbindung mit beschränkter Öllöslichkeit wurde hergestellt durch Umsetzen von 10 Teilen Dioctylzinnoxyd mit 5,65 Teilen n-Hexanol. Die Reaktion wurde durchgeführt in einer Benzollösung unter azeotropischer Abtrennung des Reaktionswassers.
Zu den Ölbestandteilen gemäß Beispiel 1 wurde ein Überschuß der erhaltenen Verbindung zugesetzt, und nach Erwärmen wurde das Öl nitriert. Es besaß einen Zinngehalt von 0,015%. Die restlichen Bestandteile gemäß Beispiel 1 (mit Ausnahme des Dibutylzinndilaureats) wurden anschließend zugegeben, worauf das fertige Öl eine Entemulgierungszahl von 260 Sekunden besaß.
Beispiel 7
Das n-Hexanol nach Beispiel 6 wurde ersetzt durch 6,7 Teile Benzylalkohol, wodurch ein Öl erhalten wurde mit einem Zinngehalt von 0,043%. Die Entemulgierungszahl des erhaltenen Öls betrug 225 Sekunden.

Claims (9)

PATENTANSPRÜCHE:
1. Schmieröl auf mineralischer oder synthetischer Basis, gekennzeichnet durch einen geringen Anteil einer Mischung eines als Schmierölbestandteil an sich bekannten öllöslichen halogenhaltigen organischen Hochdruckzusatzmittels sowie aus einer als Schmierölbestandteil an sich bekannten öllöslichen Organo-Zinnverbindung, die mindestens eine Kohlenstoff-Zinn-Bindung im Molekül aufweist.
2. Schmieröl nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die halogenhaltige Verbindung eine halogenierte, insbesondere eine chlorierte Erdölfraktion ist.
3. Schmieröl nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die halogenhaltige Verbindung ein halogeniertes Paraffin ist, z. B. ein solches vom Schmelzpunkt zwischen 38 und 54,5 ° C, vorzugsweise in nicht halogeniertem Zustand, welches bis zu einem Halogengehalt von 20 bis 70 Gewichtsprozent halogeniert worden ist.
4. Schmieröl nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die halogenhaltige Verbindung eine halogenierte aromatische Verbindung ist.
5. Schmieröl nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Organo-Zinn-Verbindung mindestens 2 Kohlenstoff-Zinn-Bindungen pro Zinnatom aufweist.
6. Schmieröl nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Organo-Zinn-Verbindung das Zinn in Kohlenstoff-Zinn-Bindung an einen Alkylrest mit 3 bis 12 Kohlenstoffatomen gebunden ist.
7. Schmieröl nach Anspruch 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Organo-Zinn-Verbindung das Zinn außerdem noch mindestens an einen Fettsäurerest von 8 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatomen gebunden ist wie beim Di-n-butylzinndilaureat.
8. Schmieröl nach Anspruch 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Organo-Zinn-Verbindung in einer Menge von 0,01 bis 1 Gewichtsprozent, insbesondere von 0,02 bis 0,5 Gewichtsprozent, bezogen auf das Gesamtschmieröl, vorliegt.
9. Schmieröl nach Anspruch 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als weitere an sich bekannte Schmierölbestandteile ein Reinigungsmittel, einen Stockpunktserniedriger, ein Mittel zur Verbesserung des Viskositätsindexes, ein Antioxydationsmittel, eine rosthindernde Verbindung und/oder Antischaummittel enthält.
In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften:
USA.-Patentschriften Nr. 2 786 813, 2 786 814.
In Betracht gezogene ältere Patente:
Deutsches Patent Nr. 1 068 845.
© 109578/390 4.61
DES65886A 1958-11-20 1959-11-18 Schmieroel Pending DE1105547B (de)

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GB (1) GB833873A (de)
NL (1) NL245484A (de)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3236772A (en) * 1962-07-02 1966-02-22 Exxon Research Engineering Co Lubricating compositions
GB1176094A (en) * 1968-07-26 1970-01-01 Shell Int Research Composition Suitable for Use as a Lubricant.
DE3516068A1 (de) * 1985-05-04 1986-11-06 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Verwendung von 1,1,1-trichlormethylverbindungen als schmiermittelzusatz sowie schmiermittel, enthaltend solche zusaetze
AU2003205732A1 (en) * 2002-02-07 2003-09-02 Lonza Ag Non-aqueous wood preservatives
EP1798278B1 (de) * 2005-12-15 2015-07-29 Infineum International Limited Verwendung eines Rostinhibitors in einer Schmierölzusammensetzung

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2786814A (en) * 1953-09-21 1957-03-26 Exxon Research Engineering Co Tin-containing dithiocarbamate compounds and lubricants containing them
US2786813A (en) * 1953-09-21 1957-03-26 Exxon Research Engineering Co Tin-containing thioxanthate compounds and lubricants containing them

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2786814A (en) * 1953-09-21 1957-03-26 Exxon Research Engineering Co Tin-containing dithiocarbamate compounds and lubricants containing them
US2786813A (en) * 1953-09-21 1957-03-26 Exxon Research Engineering Co Tin-containing thioxanthate compounds and lubricants containing them

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NL245484A (de)
FR1240477A (fr) 1960-09-02
GB833873A (en) 1960-05-04

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