DE1073113B - Process for the manufacture of oxide cathodes - Google Patents
Process for the manufacture of oxide cathodesInfo
- Publication number
- DE1073113B DE1073113B DENDAT1073113D DE1073113DA DE1073113B DE 1073113 B DE1073113 B DE 1073113B DE NDAT1073113 D DENDAT1073113 D DE NDAT1073113D DE 1073113D A DE1073113D A DE 1073113DA DE 1073113 B DE1073113 B DE 1073113B
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- carbon skeleton
- skeleton
- molybdenum
- iron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000969 carrier Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000002356 Skeleton Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000006962 Gossypium hirsutum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000589614 Pseudomonas stutzeri Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium(0) Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003213 activating Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006011 modification reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 5
- IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Barium nitrate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O IWOUKMZUPDVPGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium nitrate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O ZCCIPPOKBCJFDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Strontium nitrate Chemical compound [Sr+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O DHEQXMRUPNDRPG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate dianion Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive Effects 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021110 pickles Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000741 silica gel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002027 silica gel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004901 spalling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009827 uniform distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/04—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of thermionic cathodes
- H01J9/042—Manufacture, activation of the emissive part
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Solid Thermionic Cathode (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von Oxydkathoden Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Oxydkathoden, wie sie z. B. in Vakuum-Leuchtstoffröhren, Radioröhren od. dgl. verwendet werden. Es sind bereits Glühkathoden mit hochemissionsfähigen, leicht verdampfbaren Metallen bekannt, bei denen zur Herabsetzung des Verdampfungsgrades ein hochporöser Trägerkörper aus Silikagel, Kohle oder einem gesinterten Nickelpulver verwendet wird. Diese Kathoden haben sich in der Praxis nicht bewährt, da ihre Lebensdauer nur gering ist und ein Abspratzen sich schon nach kurzer Betriebsdauer bemerkbar macht. Im übrigen zeigen sie nur eine verhältnismäßig kleine aktive Oberfläche. Es wurde bereits vorgeschlagen, emissionsfähige Elektroden in der Weise herzustellen, daß auf ein Trägermaterial, z. B. aus Wolfram, Molybdän, Nickel, Eisen od. dgl., zunächst eine organische Substanz, z. B. Baumwolle, Kunstfaser, Kunststoff, aufgewickelt, aufgepreßt, aufgespritzt oder in einer anderen geeigneten Weise aufgebracht und in einer indifferenten Atmosphäre, z. B. Stickstoff, thermisch zersetzt wird und daß dann das entstandene Kohlenstoffskelett, gegebenenfalls nach Aufbringen eines kerainischen Isolierstoffes, mit einer Aktivierungsmasse, z. B. mit den Oxyden oder Carbonaten des Bariums, Strpntiums oder Caleiums, versehen und teils in der Luft, teils in der Röhre abgebrannt wird.Process for Making Oxide Cathodes The invention relates to a process for the production of oxide cathodes, as they are, for. B. in vacuum fluorescent tubes, Radio tubes or the like. Be used. There are already hot cathodes with high-emission, easily vaporizable metals known, in which to reduce the degree of evaporation a highly porous support body made of silica gel, carbon or a sintered nickel powder is used. These cathodes have not proven themselves in practice because of their lifespan is only slight and spalling is noticeable after a short period of operation power. Otherwise they only show a relatively small active surface. It has already been proposed to manufacture emissive electrodes in such a way that that on a carrier material, for. B. of tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, iron or the like., first an organic substance, e.g. B. cotton, synthetic fiber, plastic, wound, pressed on, sprayed on or applied in any other suitable manner and in an indifferent atmosphere, e.g. B. nitrogen, is thermally decomposed and that then the resulting carbon skeleton, optionally after applying a Kerainic insulating material, with an activating compound, e.g. B. with the oxides or Carbonates of barium, strpntium or caleium, provided and partly in the air, partly burned down in the tube.
Die nach diesem Verfahren hergestellten emissionsfähigen Elektroden haben den Vorteil, daß die aufgetragene Aktivierungsschicht gegenüber den bisherigen Auftragsmethoden eine wesentlich gleichförmigere Stärke besitzt. Wenn auch die Elektronenemission bei den auf diese Weise hergestellten Elektroden den bisher gestellten Anforderungen im wesentlichen entsprach, so läßt sich eine Steigerung in der Weise herbeiführen, daß die Aktivierungsmasse in ein großoberflächiges Metallskelett eingebaut wird.The emissive electrodes produced by this process have the advantage that the applied activation layer over the previous Application methods has a much more uniform thickness. Albeit the electron emission with the electrodes produced in this way, the requirements made so far essentially corresponded, an increase can be brought about in the manner that the activation mass is built into a large-surface metal skeleton.
Bei einem Verfahren zur Herstellung von Oxydkathoden, bei dem auf ein Trägermetall, z. B. aus Wolfram, Molybdän, Nickel, Eisen od. dgl., zunächst eine organische Substanz, z. B. Baumwolle, Kunstfaser oder Kunststoff, aufgewickelt, aufgepreßt, aufgespritzt oder in einer anderen geeigneten Weise aufgebracht und in einer indifferenten Atmosphäre, z. B. Stickstoff, zu einem Kohlenstoffskelett thermisch zersetzt wird, geschieht dies nach der Erfindung in der Weise, daß das Kohlenstoffskelett mit einem Metallcarbonyl, entweder Eisen-, Nickel-, Wolfram- oder Molybdäncarbonyl, getränkt und durch thermische Zersetzung metallisiert wird, worauf das gebildete saugfähige Metallskelett mit einer Aktivierungsmasse, z. B. den Carbonaten oder Oxyden des Bariums, Strontitims oder Calciums, versehen und in der üblichen Weise in Vakuum behandelt wird. Die so hergestellten Oxydkathoden zeigen eine erhöhte Elektronenemission bei gleichmäßiger Verteilung der Aktivierungsmasse in bzw. auf dem Metallskelett auf. Nach einer Weiterbildung des Erfindungsgedankens kann man ferner die auf das Trägermetall aufgebrachte organische Substanz unmittelbar, d.h. ohne Bildung eines Kohlenstoffskeletts, mit dem Metallcarbonyl behandeln.In a process for the production of oxide cathodes in which on a carrier metal, e.g. B. of tungsten, molybdenum, nickel, iron or the like., Initially an organic substance, e.g. B. cotton, synthetic fiber or plastic, wound, pressed on, sprayed on or applied in any other suitable manner and in an indifferent atmosphere, e.g. B. nitrogen, to a carbon skeleton is thermally decomposed, this is done according to the invention in such a way that the Carbon skeleton with a metal carbonyl, either iron, nickel, tungsten or molybdenum carbonyl, is impregnated and metallized by thermal decomposition, whereupon the formed absorbent metal skeleton with an activation mass, z. B. the carbonates or oxides of barium, strontite or calcium, and is treated in the usual way in vacuum. The oxide cathodes produced in this way show an increased electron emission with a uniform distribution of the activation mass in or on the metal skeleton. According to a further development of the concept of the invention the organic substance applied to the carrier metal can also be i.e. without forming a carbon skeleton, treat with the metal carbonyl.
Will man besonders großoberflächige Elektroden herstellen, so läßt man vor dem Tränken des Kohlenstoffskeletts mit einem Metallcarbonyl die aus anderen Metallen, wie z. B. Molybdän, Eisen, Messing, bestehende Seele aus dem Trägermetall mit einer Säure herausbeizen.If you want to produce electrodes with a particularly large surface area, leave it before impregnating the carbon skeleton with a metal carbonyl, the one from others Metals such as B. molybdenum, iron, brass, existing core made of the carrier metal pickle out with an acid.
Zweckmäßig wird das Tränken des Metallskeletts mit einer wäßrigen Barium-, Strontium- oder Calciumnitratlösung durchgeführt, die gegebenenfalls in Gegenwart von Ammonium in Carbonate umgewandelt wird. Die Umwandlung muß gegebenenfalls mehrmals durchgeführt werden, wobei sich die Carbonatkristalle in der durch das Metallskelett gegebenen Form bilden. Dadurch wird bei den nach dem neuen Verfahren hergestellten Elektroden außer einer guten Haftfestigkeit eine gutleitende Verbindung zwischen Trägermetall und Aktivierungsschicht erzielt, die auch den starken thernlischen Beanspruchungen, wie sie z. B. beim sogenannten Kaltstarten auftreten, gewachsen sind.It is expedient to impregnate the metal skeleton with an aqueous one Barium, strontium or calcium nitrate solution carried out, which may be in The presence of ammonium is converted into carbonates. The conversion must be carried out if necessary be carried out several times, the carbonate crystals in the Metal skeleton form given shape. This will result in the use of the new procedure In addition to good adhesive strength, the electrodes produced a good conductive connection achieved between the carrier metal and the activation layer, which also the strong thermal Stresses as they are, for. B. occur during so-called cold starts, grown are.
Claims (2)
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE1073113B true DE1073113B (en) | 1960-01-14 |
Family
ID=597439
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DENDAT1073113D Pending DE1073113B (en) | Process for the manufacture of oxide cathodes |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
DE (1) | DE1073113B (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3251712A (en) * | 1962-09-21 | 1966-05-17 | Berger Carl | Metal plating with a heated hydrocarbon solution of a group via metal carbonyl |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE567709C (en) * | 1927-06-29 | 1933-01-07 | Borg & Beck Company | Disc friction clutch |
-
0
- DE DENDAT1073113D patent/DE1073113B/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE567709C (en) * | 1927-06-29 | 1933-01-07 | Borg & Beck Company | Disc friction clutch |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3251712A (en) * | 1962-09-21 | 1966-05-17 | Berger Carl | Metal plating with a heated hydrocarbon solution of a group via metal carbonyl |
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