DE1047356B - Schmieroel auf der Basis fluessiger Ester - Google Patents

Schmieroel auf der Basis fluessiger Ester

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Publication number
DE1047356B
DE1047356B DES48336A DES0048336A DE1047356B DE 1047356 B DE1047356 B DE 1047356B DE S48336 A DES48336 A DE S48336A DE S0048336 A DES0048336 A DE S0048336A DE 1047356 B DE1047356 B DE 1047356B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
lubricating oil
hydrocarbon
mineral
viscosity
mixture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DES48336A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
John Owen Cliffe
Donald Reece
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IASHELLIA RES Ltd
Original Assignee
IASHELLIA RES Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IASHELLIA RES Ltd filed Critical IASHELLIA RES Ltd
Publication of DE1047356B publication Critical patent/DE1047356B/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C10M169/00Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C10M169/044Mixtures of base-materials and additives the additives being a mixture of non-macromolecular and macromolecular compounds
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    • C10M101/02Petroleum fractions
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    • C10M105/00Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound
    • C10M105/08Lubricating compositions characterised by the base-material being a non-macromolecular organic compound containing oxygen
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    • C10M107/30Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10M107/34Polyoxyalkylenes
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    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
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    • C10M129/02Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
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    • C10M129/28Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M129/30Carboxylic acids; Salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having 7 or less carbon atoms
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Description

Schmieröle, die in Flugzeugmotoren und für Gasturbinen angewendet werden sollen, müssen eine Schmierung über einen weiten Temperaturbereich ermöglichen, sie sollen ferner zwecks Anwendung bei hohen Temperaturen eine ausreichende Oxydationsund Wärmebeständigkeit aufweisen und möglichst einen niedrigen Stockpunkt für das Arbeiten bei niedrigen Temperaturen zeigen. Gleichzeitig sollen sie wenig flüchtig sein und einen hohen Flammpunkt haben, um Verdampfungsverluste und die Gefahr einer Entzündung zu vermeiden.
Für diesen speziellen Zweck sind bereits Schmieröle auf der Basis flüssiger Diester von der Formel R'OOC.R.COOR", in welcher R einen zweiwertigen gesättigten aliphatischen Kohlenwasserstoffrest und R' sowie R" Alcyl-, Aralcyl- oder Cycloalcylreste mit mehr als 2 Kohlenstoffatomen bedeuten, verwendet worden, welche zusätzlich 2 bis 30 Gewichtsprozent eines polymeren Acrylsäure- oder Alcylacrylsäureesters und solche Mengen eines Salzes einer aromatischen Carbonsäure oder eines Phenoles mit einem Metall aus der zweiten Gruppe des Periodischen Systems enthalten, daß der Metallgehalt des Schmieröls 0,01 bis 1 Gewichtsprozent beträgt.
Solche Schmieröle verhalten sich zwar in vielen praktischen Anwendungsfällen recht befriedigend, da das Polymerisat als Verdickungsmittel und Viskositätsindexverbesserer wirkt, doch zeigen sie auch häufig den Nachteil einer Viskositätsverminderung im Verlauf des Schmiervorganges, was auf eine Depolymerisierung der polymeren Komponente infolge der mechanischen Beanspruchung zurückzuführen sein dürfte. Dieser Mangel wirkt sich besonders nachteilig bei hydraulischen Einrichtungen und in solchen Gasturbinen aus, bei denen das Schmiermittel gleichzeitig als hydraulische Flüssigkeit dient.
Es ist ferner bekannt, bestimmte Komplexester, die bei der vollständigen Veresterung einer Dicarbonsäure mit einem Ester einer gesättigten aliphatischen, mindestens eine Äthergruppe enthaltenden Hydroxysäure erhalten werden, wegen ihres hohen Viskositätsindex und niedrigen Stockpunktes nicht nur an sich als Schmieröle zu verwenden, sondern sie auch Mineralschmierölen von gleicher Viskosität zur Aufbesserung zuzusetzen.
Desgleichen ist empfohlen worden, Ester aus Dicarbonsäure und verzweigtkettigen, aus der Oxosynthese gewonnenen Alkoholen mit 10( bis 36 Kohlenstoffatomen im Alkoholteil Mineralschmierölen beizumischen, um SO' deren Viskositätsindex zu erhöhen.
Es wurde nun überraschenderweise gefunden, daß die erwähnten Nachteile bei den bisher bekannten Esterschmierölen überwunden werden können, indem man die flüssigen Diester von der Formel
Schmieröl auf der Basis flüssiger Ester
Anmelder:
»Shell« Research Limited, London
Vertreter: Dr. K. Schwarzhans, Patentanwalt,
München 19, Romanplatz 9
Beanspruchte Priorität:
Großbritannien vom 14. April 1955
John Owen Cliffe, Whitby, Cheshire,
und Donald Reece, Birkenhead,
Cheshire (Großbritannien),
sind als Erfinder genannt worden
R'OOC.R.COOR" mit ganz bestimmten Kohlenwasserstoffschmierölen in Mengen von 2 bis 50 Gewichtsprozent, berechnet auf das Gemisch aus Ester und Kohlenwasserstofföl, und mit Salzen aus einer aromatischen Carbonsäure oder einem Phenol und einem Metall aus der II. Gruppe des Periodischen Systems kombiniert. Das Kohlenwasserstoffschmieröl soll erfindungsgemäß einen Viskositätsindex über 70 und eine Viskosität von mindestens 374 SUS bei 38° C aufweisen. Das Salz eines zweiwertigen Metalles wird in solchen Mengen verwendet, daß das fertige Schmieröl 0,01 bis 1 Gewichtsprozent an Metall enthält.
Diese neuen Schmieröle sind ausreichend oxydationsbeständig, sie haben einen hohen Flammpunkt und einen für praktische Zwedce ausreichend hohen Viskositätsindex. Gegenüber den bekannten Zusammensetzungen weisen sie aber den wesentlichen Vorteil einer stabilen Viskosität auch bei stärkerer mechanischer Beanspruchung auf, was sich insbesondere zu erkennen gibt, wenn man ein solches Öl mehrmals durch eine Injektionsdüse führt.
Die erfindungsgemäß in Betracht kommenden flüssigen Diester, in deren Formel R' und R" Alcyl-, Aralcyl- oder Cy clo alcyl reste mit mehr als 2 Kohlenstoffatomen bedeuten und R ein zweiwertiger gesättigter aliphatischer Kohlenwasserstoffrest ist, sind abgeleitet von gesättigten aliphatischen zweibasischen Säuren, wie Malon-, ÄÜiylmalon-, Bernstein-, Methylbernstein-, 1,1- oder 1,2-Diäthylbernstein-, Glutar-, 1- oder 2-Methylglutar-, 1,3-Diäthylglutar-, Adipin-,
809 700/520
1- oder 2-Methyladipin-, Pimelin-, 1,2,5-Trimethylpimelin-, Kork-, Azelain-, Sebacin-, Nonan-, 1,9-Dicarbon- und Decan-l.lO-dicarbonsäure sowie von Alkanolen, wie den Propanolen, Butanolen, Hexanolen, Octanolen und Nonanolen oder Aralkanolen, wie Benzyl- und Phenyläthylalkohol, oder Cycloalkanolen, wie Cyclopentanon Cyclohexanol und Methylcyclohexanol. Typische flüssige Ester, welche im Rahmen der Erfindung mit Vorteil verwendet werden können, sind Di-(2-methylheptyl) -adipinsäureester, Di- (3,5,5-trimethylhexyl) -adipinsäureester oder der entsprechende Sebacinsäureester, Di-(3-äthylhexyl)-adipinsäureester oder der entsprechende Sebacinsäureester, Dihexylpimelinsäureester, Di-(2-äthylhexyl) -sebacinsäureester, Di-sek.-butyl-sebacinsäureester, Di-sek.-hutylmalonsäureester, Di-(l-äthylpropyl)-azelainsäureester und Di-butyläthy!malonsäureester.
Als Schmiermittelgrundlage für die erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzungen kann ein einzelner flüssiger Ester oder ein Gemisch aus zwei oder mehreren solchen Estern verwendet werden.
Das Kohlenwasserstoffschmieröl kann irgendein Mineralöl oder ein synthetisch hergestelltes Öl sein, welches die angegebenen Eigenschaften in bezug auf den Viskositätsindex und die Mindestviskosität aufweist. Vorzugsweise liegt die Viskosität zwischen 681 und 1364 SUS bei 38° C und der Viskositätsindex über 85. Mineralische Schmieröle werden bevorzugt verwendet, insbesondere mit Lösungsmitteln raffinierte mineralische Schmieröle und entparaffinierte mineralische Schmieröle. Wenn ein solches Öl besonders zur Abscheidung von Paraffin bei niederen Temperaturen neigt, so kann ihm ein üblicher Stockpunktserniedriger einverleibt werden.
Die dritte wichtige Komponente der erfindungsgemäßen Schmieröle ist ein Salz einer aromatischen Carbonsäure oder eines Phenols mit einem Metall der Gruppe II des Periodischen Systems, welches in dem Gemisch aus flüssigem Ester und Kohlenwasserstoffschmieröl in dem erforderlichen Ausmaß löslich ist. Diese Salze erhöhen die Beständigkeit des zusammengesetzten Schmiermittels gegen Oxydation und Hitzeeinwirkung unter den Arbeitsbedingungen bei hoher Temperatur und verhindern die Lackbildung auf den Lagern von beispielsweise Gasturbinen.
Von den Metallen der II. Gruppe sind Zink und Calcium für den vorliegenden Zweck am geeignetsten; man kann aber auch Beryllium-, Magnesium-, Strontium-, Cadmium-, Barium- oder Quecksilbersalze verwenden. Die aromatische Carbonsäure bzw. das Phenol soll ausreichende oleophile Eigenschaften aufweisen, um zu gewährleisten, daß das verwendete Metallsalz in dem Schmierölgemisch so weit löslich ist, daß in dem Gesamtschmieröl der Metallgehalt zwischen 0,01 und 1 Gewichtsprozent beträgt. Man kann neutrale oder basische Salze oder Gemische aus normalen und basischen Salzen benutzen.
Besonders geeignete aromatische Säuren sind Benzoesäure, Naphthoesäure, 4-tert.-Butylbenzoesäure, 2,4-Ditert.-butylbenzoesäure, Di-isopropylsalicylsäuren, Octylsalicylsäuren, Pentadecenylsalicylsäuren, Octadecylsalicylsäuren, Stearylsalicylsäuren und Octyl-4-oxybenzoesäuren. Die Salze der alkylierten Oxybenzoesäuren sind bevorzugt. So können z. B. Salze der Gemische von alkylierten Oxybenzoesäuren verwendet werden, die man durch Umsetzung von Salicylsäure oder 4-Oxybenzoesäure mit einem Gemisch von Alkenen erhält, wie es beim Spalten von festem Paraffin anfällt, oder mit einem Gemisch von Alkoholen in Anwesenheit eines geeigneten Kondensierungsmittels, wie 90- bis 98%üge Schwefelsäure oder Zinkchlorid. Besonders wirksam sind die Zinksalze alkylischer Salicylsäuren mit 12 bis 20 und insbesondere 14 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen in der Alkylgruppe.
Geeignete Phenole sind Phenol selbst, die Naphthole, die Kresole und die höheralkylierten Phenole, wie Amyl-, Octyl-, Nonyl-, Decyl-, Tetradecyl-,
ίο Pentadecanyl- und Octadecyl-phenol. Es können Salze von Mischungen aus Alkylphenolen, wie man sie z. B. durch Alkylieren eines Phenols mit Alkengemischen erhält, verwendet werden, und diese werden wegen ihrer niedrigen Schmelzpunkte im Vergleich zu den reinen Alkylphenolen bevorzugt. So kann z. B. ein Gemisch von Alkylphenolen, das durch Alkylieren von Phenol oder eines Kresols oder von 1- bzw. 2-Naphthol mit einem Alkengemisch von 8 bis 18 Kohlenstoffatomen im Molekül hergestellt worden ist, verwendet werden. In dem Phenol kann mehr als eine Alkyl- oder Alkenylgruppe und es können auch andere Ringsubstituenten vorhanden sein, sofern sie die Öllöslichkeit des Phenols nicht unerwünscht herabsetzen. So können in dem Phenol Halogene bzw. Alkoxy-, Alcylmercapto- und Alcylaminogruppen vorliegen.
Salze, welche sich von Kondensationsprodukten gewisser, kohlenwasserstoffsubstituierter Phenole mit Formaldehyd oder Acetaldehyd ableiten, sind besonders wirksam. Insbesondere kommen solche Kondensationsprodukte in Betracht, die aus einem kohlenwasserstoffsubstituierten Phenol hergestellt sind, welches mindestens 4 Kohlenstoffatome im Substituenten enthält und mit Formaldehyd oder Acetaldehyd unter Bildung harzartiger Kondensationsprodukte reagieren kann. Diese Kondensationsprodukte können durch Umsetzen mit basischen Verbindungen der Metalle aus der II. Gruppe in Salze umgewandelt werden, oder die Salze können direkt hergestellt werden, indem man die Kondensationsreaktion in Anwesenheit einer basischen Verbindung eines Metalls der II. Gruppe, vorzugsweise in Anwesenheit eines inerten Verdünnungsmittels, durchführt.
Um auch das Verhalten der erfindungsgemäßen Schmieröle bei hohen Temperaturen weiter zu verbessern, kann man ihnen 0,05 bis 5 Gewichtsprozent Phenthiazin oder eines im Kern substituierten Derivates von Phenthiazin einverleiben. Als solche Zusatz stoffe kommen beispielsweise 2,2'-Dimethylthiodiphenylamin, 3-Fluorthiodiphenylamin, 4-Aminothiodiphenylamin, N-Benzyl-2-aminothiodiphenylamin, Thiophenylnaphthylamin und Thiodinaphthylamin in Frage.
Vorzugsweise verwendet man ein praktisch reines Phenthiazin oder Kernsubstitutionsprodukte desselben, da manche der im Handel erhältlichen Produkte beim Erhitzen in Anwesenheit von Schmierstoffen die Neigung zur Abscheidung einer geringen Menge eines schwarzen Niederschlages haben.
Das Phenthiazin oder sein Kernsubstitutionsprodukt verbessert die Beständigkeit des Schmieröles gegenüber der Oxydation bei hohen Temperaturen, setzt die Menge des gebildeten Lackes herab und verringert auch die Korrosion von Metallen, welche sonst bei hohen Temperaturen in verstärktem Maße eintritt. Vor allem wird aber der Ölabbau bei hohen Temperaturen verringert und gleichzeitig kann auch die Menge des verwendeten Metallsalzes herabgesetzt werden, ohne daß die Beständigkeit des Gemisches
1 U4/ DOO
gegen Oxydation und Lackbildung beeinträchtigt wird.
Die folgenden Beispiele erläutern die Erfindung näher. Die genannten Teile und Prozentsätze beziehen sich auf das Gewicht.
Gemisch I
63 Teile eines Gemisches von Estern, welches 70% Di-(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl)-sebazat, 20% Di-(2-äthylhexyl)-sebazat und 10% Di-(3,5,5-trimethylhexyl)-adipat enthält;
34 Teile eines mit Lösungsmittel raffinierten und entparaffinierten mineralischen Schmieröls mit einem Viskositätsindex von 96 und einer Viskosität von 650 Sekunden Redwood I bei 60° C = 739 SUS (60° C);
3 Teile von Konzentrat A.
Gemisch II
67,5 Teile des Estergemisches gemäß Gemisch I;
29,5 Teile eines mit Lösungsmittel raffinierten und entparaffinierten mineralischen Schmieröls mit einem Viskositätsindex von 95 und einer Viskosität von 100O1 Sekunden Redwood I bei 60° C = 1137 SUS (60° C); 3 Teile von Konzentrat A.
Gemisch III
69 Teile des im Gemisch I verwendeten Estergemisches ;
28 Teile eines mit Lösungsmittel raffinierten und entparaffinierten mineralischen Schmieröls mit einem Viskositätsindex von 95 und einer Viskosität von 1000 Sekunden Redwood bei 60° C = 1137 SUS (6O0C);
3 Teile von Konzentrat A.
Gemisch IV
68,75 Teile des in Gemisch I verwendeten Estergemisches ; 30 Teile des in Gemisch II verwendeten mineralischen Schmieröls;
0,75 Teile von Konzentrat A;
0,5 Teile Phenthiazin.
Gemisch V
66 Teile des in Gemisch I verwendeten Estergemisches ;
30 Teile des in Gemisch II verwendeten mineralischen Schmieröls;
3 Teile von Konzentrat A;
1 Teil eines handelsüblichen Stockpunktserniedrigers.
Das Konzentrat A wird wie folgt hergestellt: 60 Teile Paraoctylphenol werden in 260 Teile eines lösungsraffinierten mineralischen Schmieröls eingerührt, welches 1 Teil Wasser und 9,7 Teile Calciumhydroxyd enthält, anschließend werden 10,1 Teile Paraformaldehyd zugesetzt. Das Gemisch wird auf 85° C erhitzt und die Temperatur im Verlaufe von 30 Minuten auf 95° C gesteigert und während einer weiteren Stunde auf 95° C gehalten. Dann wird heiß filtriert. Man erhält ein Konzentrat mit einem Calciumgehalt von l,2«/o.
Um den Vorteil der vorliegenden Erfindung aufzuzeigen, wurde das Gemisch IV 40mal durch eine Injektionsdüse hindurchgeführt. Seine Viskosität vor und nach dieser Behandlung war die gleiche. Wenn jedoch ein Gemisch X von ähnlicher Viskosität, welche Teile des in Gemisch I verwendeten Estergemisches, Teile von Konzentrat A und 14 Teile eines PoIyalkylmethacrylats enthielt, der gleichen Behandlung unterworfen wurde, erniedrigte sich seine Viskosität um mehr als 20 cSt.

Claims (8)

PAT ENTANS P RÜCHE:
1. Schmieröl auf der Basis flüssiger Ester von der allgemeinen Formel R'OOC.R.COOR", worin R ein zweiwertiger gesättigter aliphatischer Kohlenwasserstoffrest und R' und R" Alkyl-, Aralkyl- oder Cycloalkylreste mit mehr als 2 Kohlenstoffatomen sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ein Kohlenwasserstoffschmieröl mit einem Viskositätsindex über 70 und einer Viskosität von mindestens 374 SUS bei 38° C in einer Menge von 2 bis 50 Gewichtsprozent, berechnet auf das Gesamtgewicht der Ester-Kohlenwasserstoff-Schmierölmischung, sowie 0,01 bis 1 Gewichtsprozent des Gesamtschmieröls, berechnet auf das Metall, eines als Schmiermittelzusatz an sich bekannten Salzes einer aromatischen Carbonsäure oder eines Phenols mit einem Metall aus der II. Gruppe des Periodischen Systems, enthält.
2. Schmieröl nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Kohlenwasserstoff schmieröl ein solches mit einem Viskositätsindex über 85 enthält.
3. Schmieröl nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Kohlenwasserstoffschmieröl ein solches mit einer Viskosität zwischen 681 und 1364 SUS bei 38° C enthält.
4. Schmieröl nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als Kohlenwasserstoffschmieröl ein mineralisches Schmieröl enthält.
5. Schmieröl nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als mineralisches Schmieröl ein mit Lösungsmittel raffiniertes mineralisches Schmieröl enthält.
6. Schmieröl nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es als mineralisches Schmieröl ein entparaffiniertes mineralisches Schmieröl enthält.
7. Schmieröl nach Anspruch 4, 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es ein mineralisches Schmieröl mit einem Stockpunktserniedriger enthält.
8. Schmieröl nach Anspruch 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zusätzlich 0,05 bis 5 Gewichtsprozent Phenthiazin oder ein im Kern substituiertes Derivat von Phenthiazin enthält.
In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften:
Britische Patentschriften Nr. 668 663, 668 796;
französische Patentschrift Nr. 1063 912;
Industr. and Eng. Chemistry, (1950), S. 2442.
DES48336A 1951-06-25 1956-04-12 Schmieroel auf der Basis fluessiger Ester Pending DE1047356B (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB311808X 1951-06-25
GB10809/55A GB768905A (en) 1951-06-25 1955-04-14 Improvements in and relating to lubricating compositions

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2195674A1 (de) * 1972-08-09 1974-03-08 Sun Oil Co Pennsylvania

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB668663A (en) * 1949-04-21 1952-03-19 Standard Oil Dev Co Improvements in or relating to synthetic ester lubricants
GB668796A (en) * 1950-01-03 1952-03-19 Standard Oil Dev Co Improvements in or relating to lubricating compositions
FR1063912A (fr) * 1951-06-25 1954-05-10 Shell Refining & Marketing Co Composition lubrifiante

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB668663A (en) * 1949-04-21 1952-03-19 Standard Oil Dev Co Improvements in or relating to synthetic ester lubricants
GB668796A (en) * 1950-01-03 1952-03-19 Standard Oil Dev Co Improvements in or relating to lubricating compositions
FR1063912A (fr) * 1951-06-25 1954-05-10 Shell Refining & Marketing Co Composition lubrifiante

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2195674A1 (de) * 1972-08-09 1974-03-08 Sun Oil Co Pennsylvania

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB768905A (en) 1957-02-20

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