DE102012106566A1 - Leistungshalbleiterchip mit zwei Metallschichten auf einer Fläche - Google Patents

Leistungshalbleiterchip mit zwei Metallschichten auf einer Fläche Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102012106566A1
DE102012106566A1 DE102012106566A DE102012106566A DE102012106566A1 DE 102012106566 A1 DE102012106566 A1 DE 102012106566A1 DE 102012106566 A DE102012106566 A DE 102012106566A DE 102012106566 A DE102012106566 A DE 102012106566A DE 102012106566 A1 DE102012106566 A1 DE 102012106566A1
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metal layer
semiconductor chip
power
power semiconductor
load electrode
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DE102012106566A
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DE102012106566B4 (de
DE102012106566A9 (de
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Ralf Otremba
Josef Hoeglauer
Jürgen Schredl
Xaver Schlögel
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Infineon Technologies AG
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Infineon Technologies AG
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Abstract

Ein Halbleiterchip beinhaltet eine Leistungstransistorschaltung mit mehreren aktiven Transistorzellen. Eine erste Lastelektrode und eine Steuerelektrode sind auf einer ersten Fläche des Halbleiterchips angeordnet, wobei die erste Lastelektrode eine erste Metallschicht beinhaltet. Eine zweite Lastelektrode ist auf einer zweiten Fläche des Halbleiterchips angeordnet. Eine zweite Metallschicht ist über der ersten Metallschicht angeordnet, wobei die zweite Metallschicht elektrisch gegenüber der Leistungstransistorschaltung isoliert ist und die zweite Metallschicht über einen Bereich der Leistungstransistorschaltung angeordnet ist, der mindestens eine der mehreren aktiven Transistorzellen umfasst.

Description

  • Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Leistungshalbleiterchip mit zwei Metallschichten auf einer Fläche des Leistungshalbleiterchips.
  • Ein Leistungshalbleiterchip ist eine spezifische Art von Halbleiterchip, der so ausgelegt ist, dass er signifikante Leistungsniveaus verarbeiten kann. Leistungshalbleiterchips eignen sich insbesondere für das Schalten oder Steuern von Strömen und/oder Spannungen. Sie können als Leistungs-MOSFETs, IGBTs, JFETs oder Leistungsbipolartransistoren implementiert werden. Leistungshalbleiterchips findet man in den meisten Stromversorgungen, DC-DC-Wandlern und Motorsteuerungen.
  • Die beiliegenden Zeichnungen sind aufgenommen, um ein eingehenderes Verständnis von Ausführungsformen zu übermitteln, und sind in diese Beschreibung aufgenommen und stellen einen Teil dieser dar. Die Zeichnungen veranschaulichen Ausführungsformen und dienen zusammen mit der Beschreibung der Erläuterung von Prinzipien von Ausführungsformen. Andere Ausführungsformen und viele der beabsichtigten Vorteile von Ausführungsformen sind ohne weiteres ersichtlich, wenn sie durch Bezugnahme auf die folgende ausführliche Beschreibung besser verstanden werden. Die Elemente der Zeichnungen sind relativ zueinander nicht notwendigerweise maßstabsgetreu. Gleiche Bezugszeichen bezeichnen entsprechende ähnliche Teile.
  • 1 zeigt schematisch eine Querschnittsansicht und eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausführungsform eines Halbleiterchips mit einer Leistungstransistorschaltung mit zwei Metallschichten, die über aktiven Transistorzellen abgeschieden sind;
  • 2 zeigt schematisch eine Querschnittsansicht einer Ausführungsform einer Transistorzelle;
  • 3A3F zeigen schematisch eine Querschnittsansicht und eine Draufsicht auf eine Ausführungsform eines Verfahrens zum Herstellen eines Bauelements (oder einer Vorrichtung), einschließlich Montieren eines ersten Leistungshalbleiterchips auf einem Systemträger (engl. leadframe) und Stapeln eines zweiten Leistungshalbleiterchips auf dem ersten Leistungshalbleiterchip;
  • 4 zeigt schematisch eine Querschnittsansicht einer Ausführungsform eines Bauelements mit zwei auf einem Systemträger gestapelten Leistungshalbleiterchips und Bonddrähten, die die beiden Leistungshalbleiterchips elektrisch an den Systemträger koppeln;
  • 5 zeigt schematisch eine Querschnittsansicht einer Ausführungsform eines Systems mit einem auf einer Leiterplatte (engl. circuit board) montierten Halbleiterbauelement; und
  • 6 zeigt eine schematische Basisschaltung einer Halbbrückenschaltung.
  • In der folgenden ausführlichen Beschreibung wird auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen Bezug genommen, die einen Teil hiervon bilden und in denen als Veranschaulichung spezifische Ausführungsformen gezeigt sind, in denen die Erfindung praktiziert werden kann. In dieser Hinsicht wird Richtungsterminologie wie etwa „Oberseite“, „Unterseite“, „Vorderseite“, „Rückseite“, „vorderer“, „hinterer“ usw. unter Bezugnahme auf die Orientierung der beschriebenen Figur(en) verwendet. Da Komponenten von Ausführungsformen in einer Reihe verschiedener Orientierungen positioniert sein können, wird die Richtungsterminologie zu Zwecken der Darstellung verwendet und ist in keinerlei Weise beschränkend. Es versteht sich, dass andere Ausführungsformen genutzt und strukturelle oder logische Änderungen vorgenommen werden können, ohne von dem Konzept der vorliegenden Erfindung abzuweichen. Die folgende ausführliche Beschreibung ist deshalb nicht in einem beschränkenden Sinne zu verstehen, und das Konzept der vorliegenden Erfindung wird durch die beigefügten Ansprüche definiert.
  • Es versteht sich, dass die Merkmale der verschiedenen hierin beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele miteinander kombiniert werden können, sofern nicht spezifisch etwas anderes angegeben ist.
  • Die Ausdrücke „gekoppelt“ und/oder „elektrisch gekoppelt“ sollen, wie sie in dieser Beschreibung verwendet werden, nicht bedeuten, dass die Elemente direkt zusammengekoppelt sein müssen; dazwischenliegende Elemente können zwischen den „gekoppelten“ oder „elektrisch gekoppelten“ Elementen vorgesehen sein.
  • Bauelemente, die einen oder mehrere Halbleiterchips enthalten, sind unten beschrieben. Die Halbleiterchips können von verschiedenen Arten sein, können durch unterschiedliche Technologien hergestellt sein und können beispielsweise integrierte elektrische, elektrooptische oder elektromechanische Schaltungen oder passive Elemente enthalten. Die integrierten Schaltungen können beispielsweise als integrierte Logikschaltungen, integrierte Analogschaltungen, integrierte Mischsignalschaltungen, integrierte Leistungsschaltungen, Speicherschaltungen oder integrierte passive Elemente ausgelegt sein. Weiterhin können die Halbleiterchips als sogenannte MEMS (Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems – mikroelektromechanische Systeme) konfiguriert sein und können mikromechanische Strukturen wie etwa Brücken, Membranen oder Zungenstrukturen enthalten. Die Halbleiterchips können als Sensoren oder Aktuatoren konfiguriert sein, beispielsweise Drucksensoren, Beschleunigungssensoren, Rotationssensoren, Magnetfeldsensoren, Sensoren für elektromagnetische Felder, Mikrofone usw. Die Halbleiterchips brauchen nicht aus einem spezifischen Halbleitermaterial hergestellt zu sein, beispielsweise Si, SiC, SiGe, GaAs, und können darüber hinaus anorganische und/oder organische Materialien enthalten, die keine Halbleiter sind, wie etwa beispielsweise Isolatoren, Kunststoffe oder Metalle. Außerdem können die Halbleiterchips gekapselt (engl. packaged) oder ungekapselt sein.
  • Insbesondere können Halbleiterchips mit einer vertikalen Struktur involviert sein, das heißt, die Halbleiterchips können derart hergestellt sein, dass elektrische Ströme in einer Richtung senkrecht zu den Hauptflächen der Halbleiterchips fließen können. Ein Halbleiterchip mit einer vertikalen Struktur weist Elektroden auf seinen beiden Hauptflächen auf, das heißt auf seiner Oberseite und Unterseite. Insbesondere können Leistungshalbleiterchips eine vertikale Struktur aufweisen. Die vertikalen Leistungshalbleiterchips können beispielsweise als Leistungs-MOSFETs (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors), IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors), JFETs (Junction Gate Field Effect Transistors) oder Leistungsbipolartransistoren konfiguriert sein. Beispielhaft können sich die Source-Elektrode und Gate-Elektrode eines Leistungs-MOSFET auf einer Hauptfläche befinden, während die Drain-Elektrode des Leistungs-MOSFET auf der anderen Hauptfläche angeordnet ist. Weiterhin können die unten beschriebenen Bauelemente integrierte Schaltungen zum Steuern der integrierten Schaltungen von Leistungshalbleiterchips enthalten.
  • Die Halbleiterchips können Elektroden (oder Kontaktelemente oder Kontaktpads) aufweisen, die das Herstellen eines elektrischen Kontakts mit den in den Halbleiterchips enthaltenen integrierten Schaltungen gestatten. Die Elektroden können eine oder mehrere Metallschichten enthalten, die auf das Halbleitersubstrat aufgebracht sind. Die Metallschichten können mit einer beliebigen gewünschten geometrischen Gestalt und einer beliebigen gewünschten Materialzusammensetzung hergestellt werden. Die Metallschichten können beispielsweise in Form einer einen Bereich bedeckenden Schicht vorliegen. Als das Material kann ein beliebiges gewünschtes Metall oder eine beliebige gewünschte Metalllegierung, beispielsweise Aluminium, Titan, Gold, Silber, Kupfer, Palladium, Platin, Nickel, Chrom oder Nickel-Vanadium, verwendet werden. Die Metallschichten brauchen nicht homogen zu sein oder aus nur einem Material hergestellt zu sein, das heißt, verschiedene Zusammensetzungen und Konzentrationen der in den Metallschichten enthaltenen Materialien sind möglich.
  • Die Halbleiterchips können auf Systemträgern (engl. leadframes) platziert werden. Die Systemträger können von beliebiger Gestalt oder Größe sein und aus einem beliebigen Material bestehen. Die Systemträger können Die-Pads und Zuleitungen (engl. leads) enthalten. Während der Herstellung der Bauelemente können die Die-Pads und die Zuleitungen miteinander verbunden werden. Die Die-Pads und Zuleitungen können auch aus einem Stück hergestellt werden. Die Die-Pads und Zuleitungen können untereinander durch Verbindungsmittel verbunden werden mit dem Zweck, einige der Die-Pads und Zuleitungen im Verlauf der Herstellung zu trennen. Das Trennen der Die-Pads und Zuleitungen kann durch mechanisches Sägen, einen Laserstrahl, Schneiden, Stanzen, Fräsen, Ätzen oder ein beliebiges anderes angebrachtes Verfahren ausgeführt werden. Die Systemträger können elektrisch leitend sein. Sie können ganz aus Metallen oder Metalllegierungen hergestellt sein, insbesondere Kupfer, Kupferlegierungen, Eisen-Nickel, Aluminium, Aluminiumlegierungen, Stahl, rostfreiem Stahl oder anderen angemessenen Materialien. Die Systemträger können mit einem elektrisch leitenden Material plattiert sein, beispielsweise Kupfer, Silber, Eisen-Nickel oder Nickelphosphor. Die Zuleitungen der Systemträger können während der Fabrikation beispielsweise auf S-förmige Weise gebogen werden.
  • Die unten beschriebenen Bauelemente enthalten externe Kontaktelemente (oder externe Kontaktpads), die von beliebiger Gestalt und Größe sein können. Die externen Kontaktelemente können von außerhalb des Bauelements zugänglich sein und können somit das Herstellen eines elektrischen Kontakts mit den Halbleiterchips von außerhalb des Bauelements gestatten. Aus diesem Grund können die externen Kontaktelemente externe Kontaktoberflächen aufweisen, auf die von außerhalb des Bauelements zugegriffen werden kann. Weiterhin können die externen Kontaktelemente wärmeleitend sein und als Kühlkörper (oder Wärmesenke) zum Ableiten der von den Halbleiterchips erzeugten Wärme dienen. Die externen Kontaktelemente können aus einem beliebigen gewünschten, elektrisch leitenden Material bestehen, beispielsweise aus einem Metall wie etwa Kupfer, Aluminium oder Gold, einer Metalllegierung oder aus einem elektrisch leitenden organischen Material. Die externen Kontaktelemente können Zuleitungen eines Systemträgers sein.
  • Die Bauelemente können ein Kapselungsmaterial enthalten, beispielsweise ein mindestens Teile der Komponenten der Bauelemente bedeckendes Formmaterial (oder Vergussmaterial, engl. mold material). Das Formmaterial kann ein beliebiges angemessenes thermoplastisches oder wärmehärtendes Material sein. Verschiedene Techniken können verwendet werden, um die Komponenten mit dem Formmaterial zu bedecken, beispielsweise Formpressen, Spritzgießen, Pulversintern oder Liquid Molding.
  • 1 zeigt schematisch einen Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 in einer Draufsicht (unten) und einer Querschnittsansicht (oben) entlang einer in der Draufsicht gezeigten Linie A-A‘. Der Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 weist eine erste Fläche 11 und eine zweite Fläche 12 gegenüber der ersten Fläche 11 auf. Der Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 enthält ein Halbleitersubstrat 13 und eine Leistungstransistorschaltung, die in das Halbleitersubstrat 13 integriert ist und mehrere aktive Transistorzellen 14 enthält. Außerdem enthält der Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 eine erste Lastelektrode 15 (engl. load electrode) und eine auf der ersten Fläche 11 angeordnete Steuerelektrode 16 und eine auf der zweiten Fläche 12 angeordnete zweite Lastelektrode 17. Die erste Lastelektrode 15 enthält eine erste Metallschicht 18. Eine zweite Metallschicht 19 ist über der ersten Metallschicht 18 angeordnet und ist elektrisch von der Leistungstransistorschaltung isoliert. Weiterhin ist die zweite Metallschicht 19 über einem Bereich 20 der Leistungstransistorschaltung angeordnet, die eine oder mehrere der aktiven Transistorzellen 14 enthält. Mit anderen Worten befinden sich eine oder mehrere der aktiven Transistorzellen 14 innerhalb einer Projektion der zweiten Metallschicht 19 auf das Halbleitersubstrat 13 orthogonal zu der ersten Fläche 11.
  • Bei einer Ausführungsform weist die erste Metallschicht 18 einen ersten Abschnitt 21 mit einer ersten Dicke d1 auf, die kleiner ist als eine zweite Dicke d2 eines zweiten Abschnitts 22 der ersten Metallschicht 18. Die erste Dicke d1 liegt im Bereich von 1 bis 10 mm (Mikrometer) und insbesondere im Bereich von 5 bis 10 mm (Mikrometer). Die zweite Dicke d2 liegt im Bereich von 5 bis 15 mm (Mikrometer), und insbesondere im Bereich von 10 bis 15 mm (Mikrometer). Bei einer Ausführungsform liegt die Differenz d2 – d1 der beiden Dicken d1 und d2 im
  • Bereich von 3 bis 8 mm (Mikrometer) und insbesondere im Bereich von 4 bis 6 mm (Mikrometer).
  • Die erste Metallschicht 18 kann eine oder mehrere Metallschichten enthalten, die auf das Halbleitersubstrat 13 aufgebracht sind. Als das Material kann ein beliebiges gewünschtes Metall oder eine beliebige gewünschte Metalllegierung, beispielsweise Aluminium, Nickel oder Kupfer, verwendet werden. Die erste Metallschicht 18 braucht nicht homogen oder aus nur einem Material hergestellt zu sein, das heißt, verschiedene Zusammensetzungen und Konzentrationen der in der ersten Metallschicht 18 enthaltenen Materialien sind möglich.
  • Eine Dielektrikumsschicht 23 ist auf der ersten Metallschicht 18 abgeschieden. Bei einer Ausführungsform bedeckt die Dielektrikumsschicht 23 die ganze erste Metallschicht 18, lässt aber eine obere Oberfläche des zweiten Abschnitts 22 der ersten Metallschicht 18 exponiert (oder freiliegend). Die Dielektrikumsschicht 23 ist aus einem angemessenen, elektrisch isolierenden Material hergestellt, beispielsweise Siliziumoxid, Siliziumnitrid oder einem organischen Material. Die Dielektrikumsschicht 23 weist eine Dicke d3 über dem ersten Abschnitt 21 der ersten Metallschicht 18 in dem Bereich von 0,5 bis 5 mm (Mikrometer) und insbesondere im Bereich von 2 bis 3 mm (Mikrometer) auf. Die Dielektrikumsschicht 23 isoliert die erste Metallschicht 18 elektrisch von der zweiten Metallschicht 19.
  • Die zweite Metallschicht 19 ist über dem ersten Abschnitt 21 der ersten Metallschicht 18 aufgebracht. Bei einer Ausführungsform weist die zweite Metallschicht 19 eine Dicke d4 im Bereich von 1 bis 10 mm (Mikrometer) und insbesondere im Bereich von 5 bis 10 mm (Mikrometer) auf. Für die zweite Metallschicht 19 kann ein beliebiges gewünschtes Metall oder eine beliebige gewünschte Metalllegierung, beispielsweise Aluminium, Nickel oder Kupfer, verwendet werden. Die zweite Metallschicht 19 braucht nicht homogen oder aus nur einem Material hergestellt sein, das heißt, verschiedene Zusammensetzungen und Konzentrationen der in der zweiten Metallschicht 19 enthaltenen Materialien sind möglich.
  • Bei einer Ausführungsform wird eine Passivierungsschicht 25 über der Dielektrikumsschicht 23 abgeschieden. Die Passivierungsschicht 25 lässt zumindest Abschnitte (oder Teile) der oberen Oberflächen des zweiten Abschnitts 22 der ersten Metallschicht 18, der zweiten Metallschicht 19 und der Steuerelektrode 16 exponiert (oder freiliegend). Die Passivierungsschicht 25 besteht aus einem angebrachten elektrisch isolierenden Material, beispielsweise Siliziumoxid, Siliziumnitrid oder einem organischen Material. Da die Passivierungsschicht 25 die obere Oberfläche des zweiten Abschnitts 22 der ersten Metallschicht 18 und die obere Oberfläche der zweiten Metallschicht 19 überlappt, ist der Kriechabstand (engl. creepage distance) zwischen der ersten Metallschicht 18 und der zweiten Metallschicht 19 vergrößert.
  • Die Steuerelektrode 16 und die zweite Lastelektrode 17 können eine oder mehrere Metallschichten enthalten, die auf das Halbleitersubstrat 13 (in 1 nicht gezeigt) aufgebracht sind. Die Metallschichten können mit einer beliebigen gewünschten geometrischen Gestalt und einer beliebigen gewünschten Materialzusammensetzung hergestellt werden. Als das Material kann ein beliebiges gewünschtes Metall oder eine beliebige gewünschte Metalllegierung, beispielsweise Aluminium, Titan, Gold, Silber, Kupfer, Palladium, Platin, Nickel, Chrom oder Nickel-Vanadium, verwendet werden.
  • Der Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 ist als ein Leistungstransistor konfiguriert, beispielsweise ein Leistungs-MOSFET, IGBT, JFET oder ein Leistungsbipolartransistor. Im Fall eines Leistungs-MOSFET oder eines JFET ist die erste Lastelektrode 15 eine Source-Elektrode, die zweite Lastelektrode 17 ist eine Drain-Elektrode und die Steuerelektrode 16 ist eine Gate-Elektrode. Im Fall eines IGBT ist die erste Lastelektrode 15 eine Emitterelektrode, die zweite Lastelektrode 17 ist eine Kollektorelektrode und die Steuerelektrode 16 ist eine Gate-Elektrode. Im Fall eines Leistungsbipolartransistors ist die erste Lastelektrode 15 eine Emitterelektrode, die zweite Lastelektrode 17 ist eine Kollektorelektrode und die Steuerelektrode 16 ist eine Basiselektrode. Während des Betriebs können Spannungen über 5, 50, 100, 500 oder 1000 V zwischen der ersten und zweiten Lastelektrode 15, 17 angelegt werden. Die an die Steuerelektrode 16 angelegte Schaltfrequenz kann im Bereich von 1 kHz bis 100 MHz liegen, kann aber auch außerhalb dieses Bereichs liegen.
  • 2 zeigt schematisch eine Querschnittsansicht einer aktiven Transistorzelle 14, wie in dem Halbleitersubstrat 13 des Leistungshalbleiterchips 10 enthalten. Die in 2 gezeigte Transistorzelle 14 ist eine VDMOS-Zelle (Vertical Diffused MOS). Die Transistorzelle 14 weist n- oder p-dotierte Gebiete auf, wie in 2 gezeigt. Die Transistorzelle 14 kann sich von der oberen Fläche zu der unteren Fläche des Halbleitersubstrats 13 erstrecken (der Einfachheit halber sind die Transistorzellen 14 nur auf der oberen Oberfläche des Halbleitersubstrats 13 in 1 gezeigt). Die Transistorzelle 14 weist einen Source-Kontakt S und einen Source-Kontakt G auf der oberen Fläche des Halbleitersubstrats 13 und einen Drain-Kontakt D auf der unteren Fläche des Halbleitersubstrats 13 auf. Die in dem Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 von 1 enthaltene Leistungstransistorschaltung besteht aus mehreren Hunderten oder mehreren Tausenden der in 2 gezeigten aktiven Transistorzellen 14. Die Source-Kontakte S und die Drain-Kontakte D der Transistorzellen 14 sind elektrisch an die erste bzw. zweite Lastelektrode 15 und 17 gekoppelt. Die Gate-Kontakte G der Transistorzellen 14 sind elektrisch an die Steuerelektrode 16 gekoppelt.
  • Die 3A3F, Kollektiv 3, zeigen schematisch eine Ausführungsform eines Verfahrens zum Herstellen eines Bauelements 300, das in 3F gezeigt ist.
  • 3A zeigt schematisch einen Systemträger 30, der in einer Draufsicht (unten) und einer Querschnittsansicht (oben) entlang einer in der Draufsicht gezeigten Linie A-A‘ gezeigt ist. Der Systemträger 30 enthält ein Die-Pad 31, eine erste Zuleitung 32, eine zweite Zuleitung 33, eine dritte Zuleitung 34 und eine vierte Zuleitung 35. Das Die-Pad 31 und die Zuleitungen 3235 können durch Dämme (Tie Bars) verbunden sein, die aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit in 3A nicht dargestellt sind. Bei einer Ausführungsform enthält der Systemträger 30 weitere Die-Pads und Zuleitungen.
  • Der Systemträger 30 wird aus Metallen oder Metalllegierungen, insbesondere Kupfer, Kupferlegierungen, Eisen-Nickel, Aluminium, Aluminiumlegierungen oder anderen elektrisch leitenden Materialien hergestellt. Bei einer Ausführungsform wird der Systemträger 30 mit einem elektrisch leitenden Material, beispielsweise Kupfer, Silber, Eisen-Nickel oder Nickelphosphor, plattiert. Die Gestalt des Systemträgers 30 ist nicht auf irgendeine Größe oder geometrische Gestalt beschränkt. Beispielsweise kann der Systemträger 30 eine Dicke im Bereich von 100 mm (Mikrometer) bis 1 mm sein oder sogar noch dicker sein. Der Systemträger 30 kann durch Stanzen, Fräsen oder Prägen einer metallischen Platte hergestellt worden sein.
  • 3B zeigt schematisch einen ersten Leistungshalbleiterchip 10, der mit dem in 1 gezeigten Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 identisch ist und auf dem Die-Pad 31 montiert ist. Bei einer Ausführungsform sind weitere Leistungshalbleiterchips auf weiteren Die-Pads des Systemträgers 30 montiert, die in 3B nicht gezeigt sind.
  • Der erste Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 ist so auf dem Die-Pad 31 montiert, dass seine zweite Fläche 12 dem Die-Pad 31 zugewandt ist und seine erste Fläche 11 vom Die-Pad 31 abgewandt ist. Bei einer Ausführungsform ist die zweite Lastelektrode 17 des ersten Leistungshalbleiterchips 10 durch Diffusionslöten elektrisch und mechanisch an das Die-Pad 31 gekoppelt. Dazu wird Lotmaterial auf der zweiten Lastelektrode 17 oder der oberen Oberfläche des Die-Pad 31 beispielsweise durch Sputtern oder durch (in 3B nicht gezeigte) andere angemessene physikalische oder chemische Abscheidungsverfahren abgeschieden. Bei einer Ausführungsform wird das Lotmaterial auf der zweiten Lastelektrode 17 abgeschieden, wenn sich der erste Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 in einem Wafer-Bond befindet, was bedeutet, dass das Lotmaterial auf dem Halbleiter-Wafer abgeschieden wird, bevor der Halbleiter-Wafer vereinzelt wird, um individuelle Halbleiterchips herzustellen. Bei einer Ausführungsform besteht das Lotmaterial aus AuSn, AgSn, CuSn, Sn, AuIn, AgIn, AuSi oder CuIn.
  • Zum Herstellen der gelöteten Fügestelle (engl. soldered joint) wird der Systemträger 30 durch eine Heizplatte auf eine Temperatur über dem Schmelzpunkt des Lotmaterials erhitzt. Beispielsweise wird der Systemträger 30 auf eine Temperatur im Bereich von 200°C bis 400°C und insbesondere im Bereich von 280 bis 320°C erhitzt. Bei einer Ausführungsform werden sowohl der Systemträger 30 als auch der erste Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 in einem Ofen platziert und auf eine entsprechende Temperatur erhitzt. Eine Pick-and-Place-Anlage wird verwendet, die den ersten Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 aufgreifen und ihn auf dem Die-Pad 31 platzieren kann. Während des Lötprozesses kann der erste Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 für eine entsprechende Zeit im Bereich von 10 bis 200 ms, insbesondere etwa 50 ms, auf das Die-Pad 31 gedrückt werden.
  • Während des Diffusionslötprozesses erzeugt das Lotmaterial eine metallische Fügestelle zwischen dem Die-Pad 31 und dem ersten Leistungshalbleiterchip 10, die aufgrund der Tatsache, dass das Lotmaterial mit hochschmelzenden Materialien des Die-Pad 31 und des ersten Halbleiterchips 10 eine temperaturbeständige und mechanisch hochstabile intermetallische Phase bildet, hohen Temperaturen standhalten kann. Die intermetallische Phase weist eine höhere Schmelztemperatur als das zum Erzeugen der intermetallischen Phase verwendete Lotmaterial auf. Im Prozess wird das niedrigschmelzende Lotmaterial vollständig umgewandelt, d. h. es geht vollständig in die intermetallische Phase über.
  • Bei einer Ausführungsform wird ein elektrisch leitender Kleber verwendet, um den ersten Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 an dem Die-Pad 31 anzubringen. Der Kleber kann auf gefüllten oder ungefüllten Polyimiden, Epoxidharzen, Acrylatharzen, Silikonharzen oder Mischungen davon basieren und kann mit Gold-, Silber-, Nickel- oder Kupferpartikeln angereichert werden, um die elektrische Leitfähigkeit herzustellen.
  • 3C zeigt schematisch die Schichten 40, 41 und 42 aus Lotmaterial, die auf zumindest Abschnitten (oder Teilen) des zweiten Abschnitts 22 der ersten Metallschicht 18, der ersten Zuleitung 32 bzw. der zweiten Metallschicht 19 abgeschieden sind. Bei einer Ausführungsform werden die Schichten 4042 aus Lotmaterial abgeschieden, nachdem die gelötete Fügestelle zwischen dem Die-Pad 31 und dem ersten Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 ausgebildet worden ist. Die Schichten 4042 aus Lotmaterial werden unter Einsatz von Druck-, Dispensier- oder einer beliebigen anderen angebrachten Technik abgeschieden. Bei einer Ausführungsform werden die erste und zweite Metallschicht 18, 19 des ersten Leistungshalbleiterchips 10 mindestens mit einer Schicht aus Nickel oder Kupfer oder irgendeinem anderen Metall oder irgendeiner anderen Metalllegierung beschichtet, das oder die das Herstellen einer gelöteten Fügestelle in einem Diffusionslötprozess gestattet. Außerdem kann eine Schicht aus Silber oder Gold auf der Nickel- oder Kupferschicht mit einer Dicke im Bereich von 10 bis 200 nm abgeschieden werden. Die Silber- oder Goldschicht verhindert die Oxidation der Nickel- oder Kupferschicht.
  • 3D zeigt schematisch einen Kontaktclip 50, der auf dem ersten Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 und der ersten Zuleitung 32 montiert ist. Der Kontaktclip 50 weist einen ersten Kontaktbereich 51 auf, der dem zweiten Abschnitt 22 der ersten Metallschicht 18 zugewandt ist, und einen zweiten Kontaktbereich 52, der der ersten Zuleitung 32 zugewandt ist. Außerdem ist ein zweiter Leistungshalbleiterchip 60 auf der zweiten Metallschicht 19 des ersten Leistungshalbleiterchips 10 montiert. Wegen der zweiten Metallschicht 19, die elektrisch von der ersten Metallschicht 18 isoliert ist, kann der zweite Leistungshalbleiterchip 60 auf den ersten Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 gestapelt werden, und außerdem können aktive Transistorzellen 14 in dem Halbleitersubstrat 13 in dem Bereich 20 unter dem zweiten Leistungshalbleiterchip 60 angeordnet werden.
  • Der Kontaktclip 50 wird aus einem Metall oder einer Metalllegierung, insbesondere Kupfer, Kupferlegierungen, Eisen-Nickel oder anderen angebrachten elektrisch leitenden Materialien hergestellt. Die Gestalt des Kontaktclips 50 ist nicht auf irgendeine Größe oder geometrische Gestalt beschränkt. Der Kontaktclip 50 kann die Gestalt aufweisen, wie sie beispielhaft in 3D gezeigt ist, jedoch ist auch eine beliebige andere Gestalt möglich. Der Kontaktclip 50 wird durch Prägen, Stanzen, Pressen, Schneiden, Sägen, Fräsen oder irgendeine andere angebrachte Technik hergestellt.
  • Der zweite Leistungshalbleiterchip 60 weist eine erste Fläche 61 und eine zweite Fläche 62 gegenüber der ersten Fläche 61 auf. Der zweite Leistungshalbleiterchip 60 enthält ein Halbleitersubstrat 63 und eine Leistungstransistorschaltung, die in das Halbleitersubstrat 63 integriert ist und mehrere aktive Transistorzellen 64 enthält. Außerdem enthält der zweite Leistungshalbleiterchip 60 eine erste Lastelektrode 65 und eine auf der ersten Fläche 61 angeordnete Steuerelektrode 66 und eine auf der zweiten Fläche 62 angeordnete zweite Lastelektrode 67. Der zweite Leistungshalbleiterchip 60 ist als ein Leistungstransistor konfiguriert, beispielsweise ein Leistungs-MOSFET, IGBT, JFET oder ein Leistungsbipolartransistor. Im Fall eines Leistungs-MOSFET oder eines JFET ist die erste Lastelektrode 65 eine Sourcelektrode, die zweite Lastelektrode 67 ist eine Drain-Elektrode und die Steuerelektrode 66 ist eine Gate-Elektrode. Im Fall eines IGBT ist die erste Lastelektrode 65 eine Emitterelektrode, die zweite Lastelektrode 67 ist eine Kollektorelektrode und die Steuerelektrode 66 ist eine Gate-Elektrode. Im Fall eines Leistungsbipolartransistors ist die erste Lastelektrode 65 eine Emitterelektrode, die zweite Lastelektrode 67 ist eine Kollektorelektrode und die Steuerelektrode 66 ist eine Basiselektrode. Während des Betriebs können Spannungen über 5, 50, 100, 500 oder 1000 V zwischen der ersten und zweiten Lastelektrode 65, 67 angelegt werden. Die an die Steuerelektrode 66 angelegte Schaltfrequenz kann im Bereich von 1 kHz bis 100 MHz liegen, kann aber auch außerhalb dieses Bereichs liegen.
  • Jede der ersten und zweiten Lastelektrode 65, 67 und die Steuerelektrode 66 können eine oder mehrere Metallschichten enthalten, die auf das Halbleitersubstrat 63 aufgebracht sind. Die Metallschichten können mit einer beliebigen gewünschten geometrischen Gestalt und einer beliebigen gewünschten Materialzusammensetzung hergestellt werden. Ein beliebiges gewünschtes Metall oder eine beliebige gewünschte Metalllegierung, beispielsweise Aluminium, Titan, Gold, Silber, Kupfer, Palladium, Platin, Nickel, Chrom oder Nickel-Vanadium, können als das Material verwendet werden. Weiterhin ist der Basisbereich des zweiten Leistungshalbleiterchips 60 kleiner als die exponierte (oder freiliegende) obere Oberfläche der zweiten Metallschicht 19, so dass der zweite Leistungshalbleiterchip 60 vollständig innerhalb des Umrisses des Abschnitts der zweiten Metallschicht 19 platziert wird, die gegenüber der Passivierungsschicht 25 exponiert (oder freigelegt) wird.
  • Der Kontaktclip 50 und der zweite Leistungshalbleiterchip 60 sind auf dem ersten Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 und der ersten Zuleitung 32 platziert, so dass der erste und der zweite Kontaktbereich 51, 52 über den Schichten 40 bzw. 41 aus Lotmaterial platziert sind, und die zweite Fläche 62 des zweiten Leistungshalbleiterchips 60 wird über der Schicht 42 aus Lotmaterial platziert. Danach werden der Systemträger 30 zusammen mit dem ersten und zweiten Leistungshalbleiterchip 10, 60 und Kontaktclip 50 in einem Ofen platziert. In dem Ofen werden die Komponenten einer Temperatur ausgesetzt, die über der Schmelztemperatur des Lotmaterials der Schichten 4042 liegt. Die Schmelztemperatur des Lotmaterials kann unter 260°C liegen und insbesondere etwa 230°C betragen. Die Temperatur im Ofen kann im Bereich von 280 bis 320°C liegen und insbesondere etwa 300°C betragen.
  • Im Ofen wird ein Diffusionslötprozess ausgeführt. Während des Diffusionslötprozesses erzeugt das Lotmaterial metallische Fügestellen zwischen dem ersten Kontaktbereich 51 und der ersten Metallschicht 18, zwischen dem zweiten Kontaktbereich 52 und der ersten Zuleitung 32 und zwischen dem zweiten Leistungshalbleiterchip 60 und der zweiten Metallschicht 19.
  • Bei einer Ausführungsform wird ein elektrisch leitender Kleber verwendet, um den Kontaktclip 50 und den zweiten Leistungshalbleiterchip 60 an dem ersten Halbleiterchip 10 und der ersten Zuleitung 32 anzubringen. Der Kleber kann auf gefüllten oder ungefüllten Polyimiden, Epoxidharzen, Acrylatharzen, Silikonharzen oder Mischungen davon basieren und kann mit Gold-, Silber-, Nickel- oder Kupferpartikeln angereichert werden, um die elektrische Leitfähigkeit herzustellen.
  • 3E zeigt schematisch Bonddrähte 7073, die eine elektrische Verbindung zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Leistungshalbleiterchip 10, 60 und dem Systemträger 30 herstellen. Der Bonddraht 70 koppelt die erste Lastelektrode 65 des zweiten Leistungshalbleiterchips 60 elektrisch an das Die-Pad 31, der Bonddraht 71 koppelt die zweite Metallschicht 19 (und somit die zweite Lastelektrode 67 des zweiten Leistungshalbleiterchips 60) elektrisch an die zweite Zuleitung 33, der Bonddraht 72 koppelt die Steuerelektrode 66 des zweiten Leistungshalbleiterchips 60 elektrisch an die vierte Zuleitung 35, und der Bonddraht 73 koppelt die Steuerelektrode 16 des ersten Leistungshalbleiterchips 10 elektrisch an die dritte Zuleitung 34. Beispielsweise wird Ball-Bonden oder Wedge-Bonden als die Zwischenverbindungstechnik verwendet, um die Bonddrähte 7073 herzustellen. Die Bonddrähte 7073 bestehen aus Gold, Aluminium, Kupfer oder irgendeinem anderen angebrachten elektrisch leitenden Material.
  • 3F zeigt schematisch ein Formmaterial 74, das die auf dem Systemträger 30 angeordneten Komponenten kapselt. Das Formmaterial 74 kann einen beliebigen Abschnitt (oder Teil) des Bauelements 300 kapseln, lässt aber die unteren Oberflächen des Die-Pad 31 und der Zuleitungen 3235 unbedeckt. Die unbedeckten Oberflächen des Die-Pad 31 und der Zuleitungen 3235 können als externe Kontaktoberflächen zum elektrischen Koppeln des Bauelements 300 an andere Komponenten, beispielsweise eine Leiterplatte wie etwa eine PCB (Printed Circuit Board – gedruckte Leiterplatte), dienen. Das Formmaterial 74 kann aus einem beliebigen angebrachten thermoplastischen oder wärmehärtenden Material bestehen, insbesondere kann es aus einem Material bestehen, das üblicherweise in der gegenwärtigen Halbleiter-Packaging-Technologie verwendet wird. Verschiedene Techniken können eingesetzt werden, um die Komponenten des Bauelements 300 mit dem Formmaterial 74 zu bedekken, beispielsweise Formpressen, Spritzgießen, Pulversintern oder Liquid Molding.
  • Vor oder nach der Kapselung mit dem Formmaterial 74 werden die individuellen Bauelemente 300 voneinander durch Trennung des Systemträgers 30 beispielsweise durch Sägen oder Schneiden der Dämme (engl. dams) des Systemträgers 30 getrennt. Andere Trennverfahren wie etwa Ätzen, Fräsen, Laserabtragung oder Prägen können ebenfalls verwendet werden.
  • Für einen Fachmann ist es offensichtlich, dass das Bauelement 300 nur ein Ausführungsbeispiel sein soll und viele Variationen möglich sind. Wenngleich das Bauelement 300 in der in Figur 3F gezeigten Ausführungsform genau zwei Halbleiterchips enthält, kann das Bauelement 300 weitere Halbleiterchips und/oder passive Elemente enthalten. Die Halbleiterchips und passiven Elemente können sich hinsichtlich Funktion, Größe, Herstellungstechnologie usw. unterscheiden. Beispielsweise kann ein Halbleiterchip, der den ersten und zweiten Leistungshalbleiterchip 10, 60 steuert, in dem Bauelement 300 enthalten sein.
  • 4 zeigt schematisch eine Querschnittsansicht eines Bauelements 400, das mit dem in 3F gezeigten Bauelement 300 fast identisch ist. Der Unterschied besteht darin, dass das Bauelement 400 einen Bonddraht 75 anstatt des Kontaktclips 50 enthält, um die erste Lastelektrode 15 des ersten Leistungshalbleiterchips 10 elektrisch an die erste Zuleitung 32 zu koppeln. Es kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass weitere Bonddrähte zwischen die erste Lastelektrode 15 und die erste Zuleitung 32 geschaltet werden.
  • 5 zeigt schematisch eine Querschnittsansicht eines Systems 500, das das auf einer Leiterplatte 80, beispielsweise einer PCB, montierte Bauelement 300 enthält. Die Leiterplatte 80 enthält Kontaktpads 81, an denen die exponierten (oder freigelegten) Oberflächen des Die-Pad 31 und die Zuleitungen 3235 unter Verwendung von Lotabscheidungen 82 angebracht sind.
  • 6 zeigt eine schematische Basisschaltung einer Halbbrückenschaltung 600 mit zwei Schaltern, einem High-Side-Schalter HSS und einem Low-Side-Schalter LSS, die zwischen einer Versorgungsspannung VS und einem Massepotential V0 in Reihe geschaltet sind. Bei einer Ausführungsform wird die Halbbrückenschaltung 600 unter Verwendung des Bauelements 300 oder 400 implementiert. Bei dieser Ausführungsform ist der erste Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 der Low-Side-Schalter LSS, und der zweite Leistungshalbleiterchip 60 ist der High-Side-Schalter HSS. Der High-Side-Schalter HSS ist durch seine zweite Lastelektrode 67 (die in dem Fall, dass der zweite Leistungshalbleiterchip 60 ein Leistungs-MOSFET ist, eine Drain-Elektrode ist) mit der Versorgungsspannung VS verbunden und wird mit Hilfe seiner Steuerelektrode 66 (im Fall eines Leistungs-MOSFET einer Gate-Elektrode) geschaltet. Die erste Lastelektrode 65 des High-Side-Schalters HSS (im Fall eines Leistungs-MOSFET eine Source-Elektrode) bildet zusammen mit der zweiten Lastelektrode 17 des Low-Side-Schalters LSS (der für den Fall, dass der erste Leistungshalbleiterchip 10 ein Leistungs-MOSFET ist, eine Drain-Elektrode ist) einen Reihenknoten, der über den Low-Side-Schalter LSS mit der ersten Lastelektrode 15 davon (im Fall eines Leistungs-MOSFET eine Source-Elektrode) mit dem Massepotential V0 gekoppelt ist, falls die Steuerelektrode 16 den Low-Side-Schalter LSS (im Fall eines Leistungs-MOSFET eine Gate-Elektrode) durchschaltet. Der an die erste Lastelektrode 65 des High-Side-Schalters HSS und an die zweite Lastelektrode 17 des Low-Side-Schalters LSS gekoppelte Knoten ist über einen Tiefpassfilter, der eine Induktivität L und einen Glättkondensator (engl. smoothing capacitor) C enthält, an einen Spannungsausgang DV gekoppelt. Die Induktivität L und der Glättkondensator C können innerhalb oder außerhalb der Bauelemente 300 und 400 implementiert werden.
  • Die Halbbrückenschaltung 600 kann beispielsweise in Elektronikschaltungen zum Umwandeln von Gleichspannungen implementiert werden, sogenannten DC-DC-Wandlern. DC-DC-Wandler können zum Umwandeln einer von einer Batterie oder von einer wiederaufladbaren Batterie (oder Akkumulator) gelieferten Eingangsgleichspannung in eine Ausgangsgleichspannung verwendet werden, die an die Anforderung von nachgeschalteten Elektronikschaltungen angepasst ist. DC-DC-Wandler können als Step-Down-Wandler ausgeführt werden, bei denen die Ausgangsspannung kleiner ist als die Eingangsspannung, oder als Stepup-Wandler, bei denen die Ausgangspannung größer ist als die Eingangsspannung. Frequenzen von mehreren MHz oder höher können an DC-DC-Wandler angelegt werden. Weiterhin können Ströme von bis zu 50 A oder noch höher durch die DC-DC-Wandler fließen.
  • Wenngleich ein bestimmtes Merkmal oder ein bestimmter Aspekt einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung bezüglich nur einer von mehreren Implementierungen offenbart worden sein mag, kann außerdem ein derartiges Merkmal oder ein derartiger Aspekt mit einem oder mehreren anderen Merkmalen oder Aspekten der anderen Implementierungen kombiniert werden, wie für eine gegebene oder bestimmte Anwendung erwünscht und vorteilhaft sein kann. Weiterhin sollen in dem Ausmaß, in dem die Ausdrücke „enthalten“, „haben“, „mit“ oder andere Varianten davon entweder in der ausführlichen Beschreibung oder den Ansprüchen verwendet werden, solche Ausdrücke auf eine Weise ähnlich dem Ausdruck „umfassen“ einschließend sein. Weiterhin versteht es sich, dass Ausführungsformen der Erfindung in diskreten Schaltungen, teilweise integrierten Schaltungen oder ganz integrierten Schaltungen oder Programmierungsmitteln implementiert sein können. Außerdem ist der Ausdruck „beispielhaft“ lediglich als ein Beispiel anstatt das Beste oder Optimale gemeint. Es ist auch zu verstehen, dass hierin dargestellte Merkmale und/oder Elemente mit bestimmten Abmessungen relativ zueinander zum Zweck der Vereinfachung und zum leichten Verständnis dargestellt worden sind und dass tatsächliche Abmessungen von den hierin dargestellten wesentlich abweichen können.
  • Wenngleich hierin spezifische Ausführungsformen dargestellt und beschrieben worden sind, versteht der Durchschnittsfachmann, dass eine Vielzahl alternativer und/oder äquivalenter Implementierungen für die gezeigten und beschriebenen spezifischen Ausführungsformen substituiert werden können, ohne von dem Konzept der vorliegenden Erfindung abzuweichen. Die vorliegende Anmeldung soll alle Adaptationen oder Variationen der hierin erörterten spezifischen Ausführungsformen abdekken.

Claims (24)

  1. Halbleiterchip, umfassend: eine Leistungstransistorschaltung, die mehrere aktive Transistorzellen umfasst; eine erste Lastelektrode und eine Steuerelektrode, auf einer ersten Fläche des Halbleiterchips angeordnet, wobei die erste Lastelektrode eine erste Metallschicht umfasst; eine zweite Lastelektrode, auf einer zweiten Fläche des Halbleiterchips angeordnet; und eine zweite Metallschicht, über der ersten Metallschicht angeordnet, wobei die zweite Metallschicht gegenüber der Leistungstransistorschaltung elektrisch isoliert ist und die zweite Metallschicht über einem Bereich der Leistungstransistorschaltung angeordnet ist, der mindestens eine der mehreren aktiven Transistorzellen umfasst.
  2. Halbleiterchip nach Anspruch 1, wobei die erste Metallschicht einen ersten Abschnitt mit einer ersten Dicke und einen zweiten Abschnitt mit einer zweiten Dicke aufweist, wobei die erste Dicke kleiner ist als die zweite Dicke.
  3. Halbleiterchip nach Anspruch 2, wobei die zweite Metallschicht über dem ersten Abschnitt der ersten Metallschicht angeordnet ist.
  4. Halbleiterchip nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, wobei eine Differenz zwischen der ersten Dicke und der zweiten Dicke zwischen 3 mm (Mikrometer) und 8 mm (Mikrometer) beträgt.
  5. Halbleiterchip nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, wobei eine Oberfläche des zweiten Abschnitts der ersten Metallschicht koplanar mit einer Oberfläche der zweiten Metallschicht ist.
  6. Halbleiterchip nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, ferner umfassend eine zwischen der ersten Metallschicht und der zweiten Metallschicht angeordnete dielektrische Schicht.
  7. Halbleiterchip nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Halbleiterchip ein Leistungs-MOSFET, ein IGBT, ein JFET oder ein Leistungsbipolartransistor ist.
  8. Vorrichtung, umfassend: einen ersten Leistungshalbleiterchip, umfassend: eine Leistungstransistorschaltung, die mehrere aktive Transistorzellen umfasst; eine erste Lastelektrode und eine Steuerelektrode, auf einer ersten Fläche des ersten Leistungshalbleiterchips angeordnet, wobei die erste Lastelektrode eine erste Metallschicht umfasst; eine zweite Lastelektrode, auf einer zweiten Fläche des ersten Leistungshalbleiterchips angeordnet; eine zweite Metallschicht, über der ersten Metallschicht angeordnet, wobei die zweite Metallschicht über einem Bereich der Leistungstransistorschaltung angeordnet ist, der mindestens eine der mehreren aktiven Transistorzellen umfasst; und eine zwischen der ersten Metallschicht und der zweiten Metallschicht angeordnete dielektrische Schicht, wobei die dielektrische Schicht die erste Metallschicht elektrisch gegenüber der zweiten Metallschicht isoliert; und einen zweiten Leistungshalbleiterchip, auf der zweiten Metallschicht montiert.
  9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 8, wobei der zweite Leistungshalbleiterchip eine erste Lastelektrode und eine Steuerelektrode auf einer ersten Fläche und eine zweite Lastelektrode auf einer zweiten Fläche umfasst.
  10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, wobei der zweite Leistungshalbleiterchip auf der zweiten Metallschicht montiert ist, wobei seine zweite Fläche der zweiten Metallschicht zugewandt ist.
  11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, wobei die zweite Lastelektrode des ersten Leistungshalbleiterchips elektrisch an die erste Lastelektrode des zweiten Leistungshalbleiterchips gekoppelt ist.
  12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, ferner umfassend ein Die-Pad, wobei der erste Leistungshalbleiterchip auf dem Die-Pad montiert ist, wobei seine zweite Fläche dem Die-Pad zugewandt ist.
  13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, wobei der zweite Leistungshalbleiterchip eine erste Lastelektrode und eine Steuerelektrode auf einer ersten Fläche und eine zweite Lastelektrode auf einer zweiten Fläche umfasst, wobei das Bauelement ferner einen Bonddraht umfasst, der die erste Lastelektrode des zweiten Leistungshalbleiterchips elektrisch an das Die-Pad koppelt.
  14. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 13, wobei die erste Metallschicht einen ersten Abschnitt mit einer ersten Dicke und einen zweiten Abschnitt mit einer zweiten Dicke aufweist, wobei die erste Dicke kleiner ist als die zweite Dicke.
  15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14, wobei die zweite Metallschicht über dem ersten Abschnitt der ersten Metallschicht angeordnet ist.
  16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 14 oder 15, wobei eine Differenz zwischen der ersten Dicke und der zweiten Dicke zwischen 3 mm (Mikrometer) und 8 mm (Mikrometer) beträgt.
  17. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 14 bis 16, wobei eine Oberfläche des zweiten Abschnitts der ersten Metallschicht koplanar mit einer Oberfläche der zweiten Metallschicht ist.
  18. Halbbrückenschaltung, umfassend: einen Low-Side-Schalter, umfassend: ein Halbleitersubstrat; eine Leistungstransistorschaltung, in das Halbleitersubstrat eingebettet und mehrere aktive Transistorzellen umfassend; eine erste Lastelektrode und eine Steuerelektrode, auf einer ersten Fläche des Halbleitersubstrats angeordnet, wobei die erste Lastelektrode eine erste Metallschicht umfasst; eine zweite Lastelektrode, auf einer zweiten Fläche des Halbleitersubstrats angeordnet; eine zweite Metallschicht, über der ersten Metallschicht angeordnet, wobei die zweite Metallschicht über einem Bereich der Leistungstransistorschaltung angeordnet ist, der mindestens eine der mehreren aktiven Transistorzellen umfasst; und eine zwischen der ersten Metallschicht und der zweiten Metallschicht angeordnete dielektrische Schicht, wobei die dielektrische Schicht die erste Metallschicht elektrisch gegenüber der zweiten Metallschicht isoliert; und einen High-Side-Schalter, auf der zweiten Metallschicht montiert.
  19. Halbbrückenschaltung nach Anspruch 18, wobei der Low-Side-Schalter und der High-Side-Schalter Leistungs-MOSFETs, IGBTs, JFETs oder Leistungsbipolartransistoren sind.
  20. Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Vorrichtung, wobei das Verfahren umfasst: Bereitstellen eines Leadframe, der ein Die-Pad und mehrere Leads umfasst; Montieren eines ersten Leistungshalbleiterchips auf dem Die-Pad, wobei der erste Leistungshalbleiterchip umfasst: eine Leistungstransistorschaltung, die mehrere aktive Transistorzellen umfasst; eine erste Lastelektrode und eine Steuerelektrode, auf einer ersten Fläche des ersten Leistungshalbleiterchips angeordnet, wobei die erste Lastelektrode eine erste Metallschicht umfasst; eine zweite Lastelektrode, auf einer zweiten Fläche des ersten Leistungshalbleiterchips angeordnet; und eine zweite Metallschicht, über der ersten Metallschicht angeordnet, wobei die zweite Metallschicht gegenüber der Leistungstransistorschaltung elektrisch isoliert ist und die zweite Metallschicht über einem Bereich der Leistungstransistorschaltung angeordnet ist, der mindestens eine der mehreren aktiven Transistorzellen umfasst; und Montieren eines zweiten Leistungshalbleiterchips auf der zweiten Metallschicht.
  21. Verfahren nach Anspruch 20, ferner umfassend: Abscheiden von Lotmaterial auf der zweiten Metallschicht nach dem Montieren des ersten Leistungshalbleiterchips auf dem Die-Pad und vor dem Montieren des zweiten Leistungshalbleiterchips auf der zweiten Metallschicht.
  22. Verfahren nach Anspruch 21, wobei ein Diffusionslötprozess zum Montieren des zweiten Leistungshalbleiterchips auf der zweiten Metallschicht verwendet wird.
  23. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 20 bis 22, ferner umfassend: Bereitstellen eines Kontaktclips, der einen ersten Kontaktbereich und einen zweiten Kontaktbereich umfasst; Anbringen des ersten Kontaktbereichs an der ersten Metallschicht; und Anbringen des zweiten Kontaktbereichs an einer der mehreren Leads.
  24. Verfahren nach Anspruch 23, ferner umfassend: Abscheiden von Lotmaterial auf der ersten Metallschicht und den Zuleitungen nach dem Montieren des ersten Leistungshalbleiterchips auf dem Die-Pad und vor dem Anbringen des Kontaktclips an der ersten Metallschicht und den Leads.
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