CN1925776A - 吸附剂、集尘室和吸附气味的方法 - Google Patents
吸附剂、集尘室和吸附气味的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1925776A CN1925776A CNA2005800068075A CN200580006807A CN1925776A CN 1925776 A CN1925776 A CN 1925776A CN A2005800068075 A CNA2005800068075 A CN A2005800068075A CN 200580006807 A CN200580006807 A CN 200580006807A CN 1925776 A CN1925776 A CN 1925776A
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- adsorbent
- storage chamber
- dust
- dust storage
- fiber
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
- A47L7/00—Suction cleaners adapted for additional purposes; Tables with suction openings for cleaning purposes; Containers for cleaning articles by suction; Suction cleaners adapted to cleaning of brushes; Suction cleaners adapted to taking-up liquids
- A47L7/04—Suction cleaners adapted for additional purposes; Tables with suction openings for cleaning purposes; Containers for cleaning articles by suction; Suction cleaners adapted to cleaning of brushes; Suction cleaners adapted to taking-up liquids for using the exhaust air for other purposes, e.g. for distribution of chemicals in a room, for sterilisation of the air
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- A47L9/00—Details or accessories of suction cleaners, e.g. mechanical means for controlling the suction or for effecting pulsating action; Storing devices specially adapted to suction cleaners or parts thereof; Carrying-vehicles specially adapted for suction cleaners
- A47L9/10—Filters; Dust separators; Dust removal; Automatic exchange of filters
- A47L9/12—Dry filters
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- A47L9/10—Filters; Dust separators; Dust removal; Automatic exchange of filters
- A47L9/14—Bags or the like; Rigid filtering receptacles; Attachment of, or closures for, bags or receptacles
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于集尘过滤器、特别是用于吸附气味的吸附剂,该吸附剂由作为支撑材料而在其表面上涂覆有粉末状吸附材料的纤维、薄片和/或颗粒组成。
Description
本发明涉及一种新的吸附剂,特别是用于吸附气味。该吸附剂包含特殊的支撑材料和吸附材料。本发明还涉及一种包含所述吸附剂的集尘室。最后,本发明还涉及一种吸附气味的方法。
在现有技术中,已知有多种措施用来减少从过滤器沉积的灰尘中散发出的气味。
一种解决方案在于引导满载有气味物质的气体通过分离的下游过滤器。为此使用填充层过滤器和由涂有碳或其它吸附材料的支撑结构制成的过滤器。这种解决方案描述于GB 2 288 749中。
在现有技术中,也已知将芳香族成份浸渍的机体引入到过滤室中可以掩蔽气味。用于上述目的的是用香料浸渍并覆盖有塑料材料包装的纤维结构、天然物质例如桔子籽或桔子皮、在注塑工艺期间涂覆了香料或天然精油的塑料材料零件,也可加入无机支撑材料例如用芳香成份浸渍的砂/碳酸盐(WO 94/21305)。在文献US5,461,751A中,描述了一种用抗菌和/或抗真菌物质浸渍的颗粒。
最后,由WO 01/08543 A1也已知吸附剂可以松散的形式引入到集尘过滤器中。此处作为吸附剂提及的是可以为片状或球状或纤维形式的活性炭,还可以是沸石和多孔聚合物。
根据WO 01/08543 A1的方法,可以令人满意地减少在立式真空清洁器的废气中所含的气味物质。然而,该方法也有一个严重的缺陷。为了使吸附剂在滤袋中可以均匀分布,需要使用轻的并尽可能细小的吸附剂。此外,该方法的优点是吸附剂的内表面对于很多相对较短的通道(进入孔)而言是有用的。当在真空清洁器的滤袋中高度负载细小的灰尘时,进入孔很容易就会被阻塞,因此它仅能保证内表面可以近乎完全地吸附气味。
但是,非常细小的颗粒不能如所希望的那样留在滤袋内与灰尘均匀地混合,而是会穿透最里面的过滤层,绝大多数都留在滤袋壁上。这会以不希望的方式增加滤袋的阻力(增加压力损失),并且吸附剂也将不能再吸附气味。使用纹理相对粗糙的吸附材料可以避免滤袋压力损失增加。然而较高重量的颗粒会破坏所需要的吸附剂在滤袋中的均匀分布。另外,进入孔会很快被堵塞,仅剩下一小部分的内表面还可以吸附气味。
从WO 01/08543 A1出发,本发明的目的是提供一种新型吸附剂和集尘室,与现有技术相比,使用其实现了集尘室中所沉积灰尘的气味的有效减少,并且其中吸附材料被有效地利用。
该目的通过具有本发明权利要求1特征的吸附剂和具有权利要求40特征的集尘室来完成。从属权利要求提供有利的发展。
因此根据本发明,提出一种吸附剂,包含纤维、薄片和/或颗粒作为支撑材料,在所述支撑材料上涂覆粉末状的吸附材料。本申请人能够证明,当把该吸附剂用于例如集尘室中时,与现有技术相比只需使用一小部分的吸附材料。利用根据本发明的吸附剂,同时显著减少集尘室中所沉积灰尘的气味。这显然是由如下事实导致的:在操作条件下例如在集尘过滤器中,存在于纤维和/或薄片中的吸附剂,在集尘过滤器中旋转,并因此与灰尘均匀地混合。
当涂覆到纤维/薄片上时,使用具有相似平均颗粒大小的纯净粉末状吸附材料通常是不可能的,因为否则过滤材料很容易就会被堵塞。
在根据本发明的吸附剂中,根据支撑材料和/或涂覆方法不同,吸附材料的量为1-100重量%。在支撑材料与大孔聚合物和包含大孔聚合物的吸附材料的粒状或球状颗粒联用的情况下,可以根据静电电荷涂覆至多100重量%的吸附材料。在其它情况下,涂覆的吸附材料的量是1-40重量%,优选7-25重量%。粉末形式的吸附材料可以遍布整个支撑材料表面或者仅涂覆支撑材料表面的一部分区域。
从材料的观点看,理论上所有现有技术已知的粉末材料都可以用作吸附材料。此处特别适合的是基于岩煤、木炭、竹炭或者椰壳炭的活性炭、用酸或者碱或者用银盐浸渍的活性炭、功能碳、疏水性沸石和/或疏水性物质、大孔聚合物。
本申请人能够证明,除了粉末状活性炭,具有功能基团的芳香族碳骨架形式的功能碳是特别适合的。已知这些吸附剂被称为碳化基板(CBR)。对这些材料的描述可参见R.Kunz,1816 North Cascade Avenue,Colorado Springs。附图1再现了这些吸附剂的结构。已经证明这些吸附剂是特别适合的。粉末状的竹节活性炭也被证明是适合的。例如可以从DE-04509 Krostitz的Aqua Air Adsorbens以BW 200的名称得到这些吸附材料。
优选所使用的活性炭平均颗粒大小是1-100μm,更优选15-50μm。
已经证实,除了上述的活性炭,所选择的沸石也是特别适合的。适合的石键,首先是沸石微孔的大小足够。只有微孔直径大于5的沸石才能够吸附典型的气味分子并与之结合。此外,沸石必须具有较强的疏水(非极性)性质。只有SiO2/Al2O3>200(模数)的沸石才有足够的非极性与气味分子结合。特别优选模数>300的沸石。其表面积超过400m2/g。所使用沸石的颗粒大小为2-30μm。总孔隙容积应大于0.2cm3/g,但也可以使用这些颗粒的聚集体。在这种情况下,可以通过所产生的大孔实现较高的总孔隙容积。这些沸石例如可以通过使Y、13C、ZSM5和β型去铝得到。
除了沸石以外,膨润土也是适合的,特别是“漂白土”。
商业型的DAY(Degussa)和TZB 9013(Tricat)和DALY(Tricat)被证明是特别适合的沸石。
第三个特别有利的类别是上述涉及的大孔(大网状)聚合物。一个典型的代表物是交联SDVB(苯乙烯-二乙烯苯)。该物质是由苯乙烯和二乙烯苯在所谓porogens(成孔剂)存在的条件下共聚合生成的。优选使用具有>600m2/g的表面积和6-20的微孔以及尽可能高比例的中孔(20-500)和大孔(>500)的疏水性变体。平均孔径为3-300。
颗粒大小在1-500μm是有利的。优选1-200μm的颗粒。这些产品的孔容积典型地>0.4cm3/g。这些大孔聚合物可以从Rohm & Haas(Amberlite),Purolite(Makronet),Dow Chemicals(Optipore),Mitsubishi ChemicalCompany(Sepabeads)和Bayer(I-ONAC)商业购得。
涂覆多孔结晶有机金属复合物,例如“MOF-177”也是适合的。在微孔足够大(10)时该吸附剂具有非常大的表面积(4500m2/g)。这些晶体描述于2004年2月出版的Nature,第427卷,第523-527页中。该文献所公开的内容引入本文作为参考。
至于根据本发明的吸附剂,推荐使用纤维、薄片和/或颗粒作为支撑材料。
至于材料,化学纤维和/或天然纤维都可以作为纤维用于吸附剂的支撑材料。对于化学纤维,应当提及纤维素纤维例如粘胶纤维或合成纤维。合成纤维的例子是由聚烯烃、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚甲基丙烯(polyacryl methyl)和/或聚乙烯醇形成的纤维。
天然纤维的例子是纤维素、木纤维材料、爪哇木棉、亚麻、黄麻、马尼拉麻、椰子壳纤维、羊毛、棉花、南非槿麻、蕉麻、桑树韧皮和/或绒毛浆。
此外进一步优选的纤维,是支化的、卷曲的、中空的和/或变形的和/或具有非环形(如三叶形)的横截面。
至于大小,如果纤维平均长度为0.3mm-10mm是比较有利的,优选0.5mm-70mm 。
也可以使所述合成纤维是抗菌的。在制造过程中添加抗菌物质就可以达到上述的目的。这些纤维有利的方面包括,抗菌物质不会在操作中释放并且也不会降低抗菌效果。这些纤维从法国F-55310 Tronville en Barrois的Rhovyl处可以得到,如,纤维Rhovyl′A.S.+或购自Japan Exlan Co.Ltd.,Tokyo,以及Sterling Fibers Inc.,5005Sterling Way,Pace,Fla商品名“biofresh”和DAK Americas,5925CarnegieBlvd.,Charlotte,NC 28209。
当然也可以在后续过程中使纤维抗菌。
根据本发明,在做准备的时候既可以使用纤维也可以使用薄片作为支撑材料。适当的材料涉及泡沫材料、无纺材料、纺织物、泡沫淀粉、泡沫聚烯烃以及膜。
至于薄片,直径0.3-30mm,优选0.5-20mm是有利的。直径1-9.5mm是特别有利的。
根据本发明,颗粒也可以作为支撑材料。从本发明的意义上来说,颗粒也可以理解为球状颗粒。这些聚合物的球状颗粒在本领域叫做“珠”。根据一个优选的变化方案,大孔合成聚合物具体用作颗粒/珠。从下列事实可以看出该变化方案的优点:吸附剂首先作为包含吸附剂的支撑材料,即大孔聚合物,然后向其上涂覆粉末状的第二吸附材料。至于吸附材料,所有上述的吸附材料都是可以使用的。作为支撑材料的大孔聚合物,颗粒大小为0.2-1.5mm、优选0.3-1mm是优选的。作为支撑材料的大孔聚合物可以包含上述用于吸附材料的聚合物,优选由聚苯乙烯、丙烯酸和/或它们的衍生物构成的大孔合成聚合物。其比表面积在300m2/g以上,优选400-1200m2/g。作为支撑材料的多孔聚合物的进一步性质是,它们的孔容积大于0.4ml/ml。
这些支撑材料可以商业购得,例如购自Rohm & Hass公司,商品名为AmberliteXAD。其它的供应商为Purolite公司,其也提供商品名为Markronet MN的适当聚合物。
根据本发明的吸附剂被这样构造,使得在上述支撑材料的上面,该粉末状吸附材料被化学和/或物理地涂覆到该支撑材料的表面。
在本发明的意义上,涂覆可以使得把加热后的吸附材料涂覆于支撑材料的表面,这样热转移到支撑材料表面发生熔化并使粉末状颗粒粘附。另一方面,也可以软化支撑材料的表面,然后将颗粒涂覆到其表面。当使用双组分纤维时,外层的熔点要比核心低,使得可以通过加热所述的核心而使颗粒粘附。
物理上,该涂覆可以通过使用带有静电的支撑材料来实现。上述过程可以使用带有摩擦电的支撑材料,或者使用通过电晕电荷带电的支撑材料进行。优选使用例如,带电的裂膜纤维。完成吸附材料粘附到支撑材料的方法,还可以包括将适当的纤维、薄片、颗粒和/或珠与吸附材料混合,然后用摩擦电作用使支撑材料和吸附颗粒负载相反的电荷。这样,吸附剂颗粒与支撑材料的优良静电结合,是在粘合剂的使用没有减少吸附剂小颗粒表面积的情况下完成的。这使得使用合成纤维和大孔聚合物的变化方案是特别有利的。因此,例如聚丙烯纤维和SDVB(苯乙烯-二乙烯苯)粉末的组合在混合时具有强摩擦电电荷。令人惊奇地,作为支撑材料的大分子SDVB和基于具有胺功能的大分子SDVB的吸附材料联用时,发生的摩擦电作用非常有限,这使得吸附材料和支撑材料的结合特别牢固。
如上所述的吸附剂也可以存在于透气的包装中。该实施方案的优点可以从下列事实中看出:吸附剂容易控制,当在例如真空清洁器的集尘过滤器中使用时,可以引导其进入该集尘过滤器而没有任何问题。该方法中包装的构造,允许其在操作条件下被再破坏以使吸附剂可以在集尘过滤器中回旋并保持循环。适宜用于该目的的材料是无纺材料,例如克重小的无纺材料,例如5g/m2的熔喷无纺布(meltblown)。
本发明还涉及一种集尘室(权利要求35-50)。根据本发明的集尘室,其特征在于它包含如上所述的吸附剂。已证明在该集尘室中每1000cm3体积包含0.03-5g的吸附剂是有利的。特别优选的是每1000cm3包含0.3-2g吸附剂。在一个实施方案中,涂覆于大孔聚合物形式的颗粒上的粉末状吸附材料,0.05到1g/1000ml的量是足够的。如上所述的集尘室优选在所谓的无袋真空清洁器中,例如气旋真空清洁器。
对于气旋真空清洁器,使用多孔聚合物作为吸附材料是有利的,因为这不会由于碳磨损或小尺寸材料的比例而导致多余的污染,并避免常用的透明容器被刮伤。根据本发明,垃圾容器,例如垃圾袋也可以理解成是“集尘室”。
根据本发明,术语“集尘室”,特别涉及的是由透气过滤材料制成的集尘过滤器形成的集尘室。为达到集尘过滤器中吸附剂的最佳效果,优选开始时吸附剂以松散形式填充到集尘室中,或者将吸附剂置于集尘过滤器的一个具有透气包装的袋中。然后可以将该袋固定于一点,例如直接固定在气流碰撞区。吸附剂也可以松散的形式分布于该袋内表面的一部分中,并用薄的透气无纺材料层(袋)覆盖。该区域也可以做成是连续的带。吸附剂也可存在于垫状物中。此处所使用的垫状物包含分布吸附剂的至少一层滤纸或特殊无纺材料层。然后用至少一个无纺材料层覆盖吸附剂。该无纺材料设计成在操作条件下可以被破坏的形式。当然该垫状物必须这样放置,以使滤纸/特殊无纺材料直接结合在滤袋的里面并且轻的无纺材料被气流直接撞击。透气包装的一个特别优选实施方式是垫状物,其中该垫状物是由下列物质形成的:透气性>250l/m2/s的滤纸层、使用根据本发明的吸附剂的填充物和克重<10g/m2的无纺材料层。然后把该垫状物固定于集尘室中,例如粘在某一点上,使垫状物的纸层面对集尘室的过滤材料。在这方面,提及下列公开文献:WO 2004/052500A1,EP1 426 090 A1和EP 1 415 699 B1。
所述集尘过滤器优选是真空清洁袋。因此其通常有这样的大小和设计,使得通过它们的体积流量为10m3/h-400m3/h。这里优选在集尘过滤器中每1000cm3体积包含0.3-5g的吸附剂,特别优选包含0.3-2g的吸附剂。当使用量较小时,无法达到足够的降低气味的效果;而使用量较大时,其缺陷在于集尘室会充满太大量的吸附剂。
根据材料来看,根据本发明的集尘室包括过滤材料,其可以是单层或多层纸和/或无纺材料。这些过滤材料是已知的,例如用于真空清洁袋。相关的参考文献可参见EP-A 0 960 645 A1。根据本发明的集尘过滤器可以是例如真空清洁袋或者折叠过滤器或者袋过滤器。
最后,本发明涉及一种在集尘室中吸附气味的方法(权利要求51-56)。
根据本发明吸附气味的方法,其特征在于使用如上所述的吸附剂。优选地,在集尘室中,每1000cm3使用0.3-5g的吸附剂。
根据本发明的方法,优选使用由透气过滤材料制备的集尘过滤器作为集尘室。在该方法中,重要的是,在所述集尘过滤器的操作过程中集尘过滤器中的吸附剂以松散的形式存在。此处的集尘过滤器优选是真空清洁袋。因此可以在制备过程中或在制备后不久将吸附剂引导进入集尘过滤器并这样供给。当第一次以给定体积流量使用时,然后在密封的集尘过滤器中使吸附剂回旋,吸附剂就可以发挥其如上所述的减小气味作用。当然也可以在抽吸过程开始时引入吸附剂,也就是说吸附剂被吸入。
此外,吸附剂可以存在于包装中,如上所述,从开始时就包含在真空清洁袋中,或者吸附剂在抽吸过程开始时由包装引入真空清洁袋中,或者它可以被直接吸入。
对于根据本发明的方法而言,吸附剂在抽吸过程开始之后,即直接在抽吸过程开始时引入是特别有利的,因为这样所有先前通用的过滤袋通过在首次抽吸过程前吸入或引入吸附剂也可以简单地改善减小气味的作用。当然如果需要,也可以使用后续剂量。特别优选地,根据本发明的方法是一种使用筒式真空清洁器(cylindervacuum cleaner)或立式真空清洁器进行真空清洁的方法,集尘过滤器是真空清洁袋。
本发明通过下面的实施例和附图1-4会进行更详细的说明。
图1显示的是功能碳在优选用作吸附剂前的结构。
图2显示的用不同的样品中废气的气味物质浓度变化过程的曲线图。
图3显示的是表格形式的总结。
图4显示的是用照片观察根据本发明的吸附剂。
实施例
所进行的试验如下面实施例所述。
1)测量准备
在系列测量前运行具有空滤袋的Miele S512-1型的筒式真空清洁器数小时,以使在该组件中可能存在的气味最小化。在测量实际开始前一天,把滤袋***每一个组件中。然后将每个组件都完全密封,防止废气从任何其它的孔中逃逸,而只能从取样的孔(直径13mm)中排出。然后将该组件放置在设定温度20℃的烘箱中。此外,从500g真空包装中取出整个系列测量所需要的咖啡量,称重并按每份5g封装。
2)试验顺序
吸附咖啡/灰尘混和物的试验表面包含一层基底为1.21m×1.85m,即面积为2.24m2的薄板。在将刷子设定为“地毯”的模式下操作该筒式真空清洁器。为检验真空清洁袋中气味的减小,在第1-6个试验日的每个组件中,在试验表面均匀地分配50g8型试验灰尘(DMT,组成:70%矿物灰尘,20% Arbocell,10%棉绒纤维)和5g咖啡(10%咖啡,相对于灰尘量)。在第七和第八试验日,分别分配100g灰尘和10g咖啡,在最后一个试验日只抽取样品。在分配咖啡/灰尘混和物后,以低抽吸功率(300瓦特)将抽吸端置于试验表面的干净部分,总长度1.5m的样品袋(填充量约15升)被密封的筒式真空清洁器的取样孔直接填充。在去除样品袋(一旦完全充满)并关闭该组件后,完全去除密封并把抽吸功率调节到最大(1600瓦特)。然后,在两分钟的时间里从试验表面吸出咖啡/灰尘混和物。抽样后,关闭该组件,再完全密封,并储存在烘箱中直到下一次抽样。在每个试验日,记录从烘箱中去除的温度和空气湿度。
3)检验的变体和组件装置
所有组件均是用电动机保护过滤器操作的。
变体A
组件A,3g裂膜纤维/MN 200MR 4636,松散在滤袋中,
变体B
组件B,3g裂膜纤维/DALY,松散在滤袋中,
变体C
组件C,3g裂膜纤维/MN 200MR 4638,松散在滤袋中,
变体D
组件D,零变体,空滤袋,
变体E
组件E,3g裂膜纤维/TZB 2014,松散在滤袋中,
变体F
组件F,3g裂膜纤维/DAY,松散在滤袋中。
4)测量和分析方法
4.1气味的散发
4.1.1测量方法;方法的基础
根据欧洲标准DIN EN 13725确定气味物质的浓度。
4.1.2取样材料
在静态取样期间把样品气体引入薄膜袋中。样品袋可以使用商业销售的包含无气味材料(Nalophan NA)的薄膜管,其一方面几乎是不透气的,另一方面几乎不吸附气味物质。
4.1.3嗅觉计
嗅觉测量法能够可控地显示满载有气味物质的空气以及检测其在人体中引发的感觉。使用嗅觉计时,用中性气体稀释气体样品(有气味物质样品),并作为嗅觉样品提供给测试者(受检者)。一个受检组包含四个气味鉴定人和一个负责在测量期间操作嗅觉计的试验管理者。
在上述的测量中,使用具有四个受检位的微机控制嗅觉计TO9并使用自动评价。根据DIN EN 13725进行测量。该嗅觉计用压缩气体操作,该压缩气体通过了具有硅胶(去湿)、活性炭(沉积有气味物质)、棉芯过滤器和玻璃纤维-微过滤器(沉积灰尘)的过滤器组。该测量按照DIN EN 13725的是/否方法进行。
用气味单位(OU)表示气味物质的量,OU所对应气味物质或者物质混合物的量,是-在1m3中性气体中20℃和1013hPa下分配-50%的样品组触发出气味感觉时的值,规定为气味阈值。在气味阈值时气味物质的浓度规定为1OU/m3。
与声音类似,可以用阈值浓度1OU/m3来定义气味物质的水平。例如,气味物质的浓度为100OU/m3时,相应的气味物质水平为20dB。
4.1.4对受检组的说明
由试验管理者和四个受检者根据DIN EN 13725来完成嗅觉测量。
4.1.5对样品的评价
在取样最多4小时后进行样品的嗅觉测量。
4.1.6每个测量日测量组的数目
气味物质的浓度进行12次测量,每次测量3组。分别用正丁醇两次测量气味物质浓度。
4.1.7其它试验
为了额外确保实验结果,在所有测量日检测样品的强度和舒适度(根据VDI规则3882直接在试验袋中评价)。
此处的气味不同于试验组中典型的咖啡(灰尘气味),由受检者定性。
在测试领域中,在测量日取样时记录室温和室内湿度以及在去除组件的各个烘箱中的温度和湿度。
图2显示的是5个涂覆纤维检测变体和零变体在真空清洁器的废气中气味物质浓度变化的比较曲线。图2清楚地表明,所有的检测变体都使得废气中气味物质的浓度显著降低。特别令人惊奇的是,在吸附剂的使用量非常小时取得了良好的效果。甚至吸附剂为0.3g时,也可以显著地降低气味物质的浓度。而另一方面如果采用一般的解决方法,需要使用10g活性炭。
图3用表格形式总结的结果。
在图3的总结中,除了已包含在图2中的试验和测量组XII,还包含其它试验的测量结果。
试验组X和XI的测量结果基本上涉及用活性炭涂覆的纤维。从图3显而易见地,根据本发明的吸附剂甚至以最小量的吸附剂(例如0.3g竹节活性炭)也能使废气中气味物质浓度的降低超过平均水平。
图4显示的是以照片形式表达的根据本发明的吸附剂。图4中的吸附剂包含来自SDVB的大孔支撑材料(Rohm和Hass,XAD1600)。大孔支撑材料以所谓“珠”的形式使用,颗粒大小为200-350μm。涂覆于大孔聚合物的吸附材料包括由功能性SDVB(Purolite MN200)形成的大孔聚合物。吸附材料的颗粒大小是0-40μm。图4A显示了的未涂覆的XAD1600珠,直径为0.2mm-0.35mm。图4B显示了根据本发明的用MN200颗粒静电涂覆的XAD1600珠,直径为0-40μm。如图4B所示,大孔吸附材料几乎完全涂覆了支撑材料。在根据附图4B的实施例中,相对于支撑材料,使用70重量%的吸附材料。
Claims (63)
1.用于集尘过滤器、特别是用于吸附气味的吸附剂,其特征在于该吸附剂包含纤维、薄片和/或颗粒作为支撑材料,在所述支撑材料表面涂覆粉末状吸附材料。
2.根据权利要求1的吸附剂,其特征在于该吸附材料以支撑材料的1-50重量%的量涂覆。
3.根据权利要求2的吸附剂,其特征在于涂覆7-25重量%。
4.根据权利要求1-3中至少一项的吸附剂,其特征在于吸附材料选自活性炭、浸渍活性炭、功能碳、疏水性沸石、疏水性物质、多孔聚合物、膨润土和/或结晶的有机金属复合物。
5.根据权利要求4的吸附剂,其特征在于所述功能碳是具有功能基团的芳香族碳骨架。
6.根据权利要求4的吸附剂,其特征在于所述活性炭是椰壳炭、木炭、岩煤或竹炭。
7.根据权利要求4或5的吸附剂,其特征在于所述活性炭用酸性或碱性化学物质和/或用银盐浸渍。
8.根据权利要求4的吸附剂,其特征在于所述沸石具有孔径大小>5的微孔。
9.根据权利要求8的吸附剂,其特征在于所述微孔的孔径大小>6.5。
10.根据权利要求8或9的吸附剂,其特征在于所述沸石的比表面积>400m2/g。
11.根据权利要求8-10中至少一项的吸附剂,其特征在于沸石的模数>200,优选>300。
12.根据权利要求8-11中至少一项的吸附剂,其特征在于所述沸石的颗粒大小是2-30μm。
13.根据权利要求4的吸附剂,其特征在于所述的多孔聚合物具有6-20的微孔、20-500的中孔和>500的大孔。
14.根据权利要求4或13的吸附剂,其特征在于平均孔径为3-300。
15.根据权利要求4、13或14的吸附剂,其特征在于多孔聚合物的颗粒大小为1-500μm,优选1-200μm。
16.根据权利要求4、13-15中至少一项的吸附剂,其特征在于所述孔容积≥0.4cm3/g。
17.根据权利要求4、13-15中至少一项的吸附剂,其特征在于所述多孔聚合物是疏水性的。
18.根据权利要求4、13-17中至少一项的吸附剂,其特征在于所述多孔聚合物是由苯乙烯、丙烯酸和/或它们的衍生物构成的。
19.根据权利要求1-18中至少一项的吸附剂,其特征在于所述吸附材料化学和/或物理地与支撑材料结合。
20.根据权利要求1-19中至少一项的吸附剂,其特征在于所述吸附材料结合到带有静电的支撑材料上。
21.根据权利要求1-20中至少一项的吸附剂,其特征在于所述吸附材料是粉末,并且平均颗粒大小为1-100μm。
22.根据权利要求1-21中至少一项的吸附剂,其特征在于所述支撑材料包括纤维,所述纤维选自化学纤维和/或天然纤维。
23.根据权利要求22的吸附剂,其特征在于使所述纤维是抗菌的。
24.根据权利要求22或23的吸附剂,其特征在于所述化学纤维是纤维素纤维,例如粘胶纤维和/或合成纤维。
25.根据权利要求24的吸附剂,其特征在于所述合成纤维选自由聚烯烃、聚酯、聚酰胺、聚丙烯腈和/或聚乙烯醇形成的纤维。
26.根据权利要求22或23的吸附剂,其特征在于所述天然纤维选自纤维素、木纤维材料、爪哇木棉、亚麻、黄麻、马尼拉麻、椰子壳纤维、羊毛、棉花、南非槿麻、蕉麻、桑树韧皮和/或绒毛浆。
27.根据权利要求22-26中至少一项的吸附剂,其特征在于所述纤维是平滑的、支化的、卷曲的、中空的和/或变形的以及具有非环形(如三叶形)的横截面。
28.根据权利要求22-27中至少一项的吸附剂,其特征在于所述纤维平均长度为0.3mm-100mm,优选0.5mm-70mm。
29.根据权利要求28的吸附剂,其特征在于所述纤维的平均长度为1-9.5mm。
30.根据权利要求1-29中至少一项的吸附剂,其特征在于所述支撑材料包括薄片,所述薄片选自多孔塑料、无纺材料、织物、泡沫淀粉、泡沫聚烯烃以及膜和回收纤维。
31.根据权利要求30的吸附剂,其特征在于所述薄片的直径为0.3mm-30mm,优选0.5mm-20mm。
32.根据权利要求31的吸附剂,其特征在于所述薄片的直径为1mm-9.5mm。
33.根据权利要求1-32中至少一项的吸附剂,其特征在于所述支撑材料包括颗粒,所述颗粒选自大孔聚合物。
34.根据权利要求33的吸附剂,其特征在于所述颗粒的颗粒大小为0.2mm-1.5mm,优选0.3mm-1.0mm。
35.根据权利要求33或34的吸附剂,其特征在于所述大孔聚合物是由聚苯乙烯、丙烯酸和/或它们的衍生物构成的。
36.根据权利要求33-36中至少一项的吸附剂,其特征在于所述大孔聚合物的表面积>200m2/g,优选>350m2/g。
37.根据权利要求33-36中至少一项的吸附剂,其特征在于所述孔隙率≥0.4ml/ml。
38.根据权利要求1-37中至少一项的吸附剂,其特征在于所述吸附剂封入透气的包装中。
39.根据权利要求38的吸附剂,其特征在于所述包装是透气的无纺材料。
40.集尘室,特别是用于可以应用空气的真空清洁器,其特征在于在该集尘室中包含根据权利要求1-39中任一项的吸附剂。
41.根据权利要求40的集尘室,其特征在于在该集尘室中每1000cm3包含0.03-5g的吸附剂。
42.根据权利要求41的集尘室,其特征在于每1000cm3包含0.3-2g的吸附剂。
43.根据权利要求40-42中至少一项的集尘室,其特征在于其为无袋真空清洁器的集尘室。
44.根据权利要求40-43中至少一项的集尘室,其特征在于它是由垃圾收集容器构成的。
45.根据权利要求40-44中至少一项的集尘室,其特征在于它是由透气过滤材料制成的集尘过滤器构成的。
46.根据权利要求45的集尘室,其特征在于所述吸附剂存在于集尘过滤器具有透气包装的袋中。
47.根据权利要求45或46的集尘室,其特征在于所述吸附剂布置在集尘过滤器内表面的一部分中覆盖物的下方。
48.根据权利要求47的集尘室,其特征在于该覆盖物是无纺材料层。
49.根据权利要求47的集尘室,其特征在于该吸附剂包含在垫状物中,该垫状物布置在集尘过滤器内表面的一部分上。
50.根据权利要求49的集尘室,其特征在于所述垫状物包括至少一层滤纸或特殊无纺材料,其中布置在滤纸表面的吸附剂被至少一层无纺材料层覆盖。
51.根据权利要求46-50中至少一项的集尘室,其特征在于袋或覆盖物的包装材料是由在操作条件下可被破坏的材料形成的。
52.根据权利要求45-51中至少一项的集尘室,其特征在于集尘过滤器所具有的尺寸和设计使得它可以以10cm3/h-400m3/h的体积流量操作。
53.根据权利要求45-52中至少一项的集尘室,其特征在于集尘过滤器的过滤材料是单层或多层纸和/或无纺材料。
54.根据权利要求45-53中至少一项的集尘室,其特征在于它是由真空清洁袋构成的。
55.根据权利要求45-53中至少一项的集尘室,其特征在于它是由折叠过滤器或袋过滤器构成的。
56.在根据权利要求45-55中至少一项的集尘室中吸附气味的方法,其特征在于为此使用根据权利要求1-39中任一项的吸附剂。
57.根据权利要求56的方法,其特征在于每1000cm3的集尘室使用0.2-5g的吸附剂。
58.根据权利要求56或57的方法,其特征在于将透气的集尘过滤器用作集尘室。
59.根据权利要求58的方法,其特征在于在首次抽吸过程开始前或者在抽吸过程开始时将吸附剂引入集尘过滤器。
60.根据权利要求58或59至少一项的方法,其特征在于吸附剂存在于包装中并且在首次抽吸过程开始前或者在抽吸过程开始时将吸附剂引入到集尘过滤器中。
61.根据权利要求60的方法,其特征在于设计包装使得其在给定的体积流量处破坏。
62.根据权利要求58-61中至少一项的方法,其特征在于该方法是一种使用筒式真空清洁器或立式真空清洁器进行真空清洁的方法。
63.根据权利要求1-39中至少一项的吸附剂的用途,用于吸附气味。
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DE102004009956A DE102004009956A1 (de) | 2004-03-01 | 2004-03-01 | Adsorbens für Staubsammelfilter, Staubsammelfilter und Verfahren zur Geruchsadsorption |
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EP04024608A EP1574158A1 (de) | 2004-03-01 | 2004-10-15 | Adsorbens, Staubsammelraum sowie Verfahren zur Geruchsadsorption |
EP04024608.4 | 2004-10-15 | ||
PCT/EP2005/001214 WO2005082219A1 (de) | 2004-03-01 | 2005-02-07 | Adsorbens, staubsammelraum sowie verfahren zur geruchsadsorption |
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US (1) | US7582142B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP1574158A1 (zh) |
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AT (1) | ATE404104T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2005216603B2 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE102004009956A1 (zh) |
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NO338801B1 (no) | 2016-10-24 |
US20080017036A1 (en) | 2008-01-24 |
ES2310811T3 (es) | 2009-01-16 |
EP1574158A1 (de) | 2005-09-14 |
DE102004009956A1 (de) | 2005-09-29 |
EP1725153B1 (de) | 2008-08-13 |
ATE404104T1 (de) | 2008-08-15 |
WO2005082219A1 (de) | 2005-09-09 |
EP1725153A1 (de) | 2006-11-29 |
AU2005216603B2 (en) | 2010-11-04 |
US7582142B2 (en) | 2009-09-01 |
NO20064372L (no) | 2006-11-30 |
DE502005005030D1 (de) | 2008-09-25 |
CN1925776B (zh) | 2010-11-10 |
AU2005216603A1 (en) | 2005-09-09 |
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