CN1913839B - 用于骨固定的装置 - Google Patents

用于骨固定的装置 Download PDF

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CN1913839B
CN1913839B CN2004800414228A CN200480041422A CN1913839B CN 1913839 B CN1913839 B CN 1913839B CN 2004800414228 A CN2004800414228 A CN 2004800414228A CN 200480041422 A CN200480041422 A CN 200480041422A CN 1913839 B CN1913839 B CN 1913839B
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A·施林格
P·森
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Abstract

接骨螺钉(1)包括一个带有螺纹(2)的杆(3)、一个前端部(4)和一个后端部(5),其中螺纹(2)的外径“d”或芯直径“k”在杆(3)的中间区域(L4)内从一个较大的尺寸“d2”或“k2”向前端部(4)缩小为一个较小的尺寸“d1”和“k1”,其中“d1”或“k1”不等于零。杆(3)设有一个同心设置的、可径向扩展的套管(10),其中套管(10)定位在杆(3)的具有较小外径“d1”的那部分上。

Description

用于骨固定的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于骨固定的装置。
背景技术
从DE-A 35 38 238中已知这样一种接骨螺钉,该接骨螺钉此外还具有一个与它共同作用的骨板接合钉(Dübel)。然而,在这种已知的装置上,骨板接合钉首先被单独固定在骨中,然后再将接骨螺钉拧入骨板接合钉中。这种已知的装置的目的在于按照已经出自普通的固定技术的公知的骨板接合钉/螺钉原则连接两个骨碎片。
该发明首先不涉及两个骨碎片的固定(其次仅借助髓内钉实现该目的),而是在髓内钉的横向孔中稳定地固定接骨螺钉。已知的横向锁紧螺钉与髓内钉的横向孔之间都具有一个间隙。
发明内容
在这里本发明提供一种解决办法。本发明的目的在于,提供一种可以无间隙地***髓内钉的横向孔中的接骨螺钉。
本发明借助一个具有以下特征的用于骨固定的装置达到该目的,即:所述用于骨固定的装置包括:a)至少一个接骨螺钉,具有一个带有螺纹的杆、一个前端部和一个后端部,其中螺纹的外径“d”或杆的芯直径“k”在杆的中间区域内从其在一第三长度上所具有的一个较大的尺寸“d2”或“k2”向前端部缩小为一个较小的尺寸“d1”或“k1”,其中“d1”或“k1”不等于零;以及b)一个髓内钉;其中:c)杆设有一个同心设置的、可径向扩展的套管,其中,d)套管定位在杆的具有较小外径“d1”的部分上;e)所述套管通过旋入到中间区域内可扩展到套管的第一直径dB-L5并且通过旋入到第三长度上可扩展到套管的第二直径dB-L3;f)髓内钉具有直径DN和横向于该髓内钉的纵向轴线延伸的横向孔,该横向孔具有直径DB,该直径DB既大于d2又大于套管的第一直径dB -L5但小于套管的第二直径dB-L3;安装有套管的接骨螺钉可***到髓内钉的横向孔中。
通过本发明达到的优点基本上在于其简易性(在接骨螺钉上预先安装的套管)和由此可以达到与髓内钉之间的无间隙性。
在一个特殊的实施方式中,接骨螺钉的螺纹具有恒定的深度,其中杆芯的直径在中间区域Ld内沿向前端部的方向从一个较大的值“k2”减小到一个较小的值“k1”,但不为零。径向扩张由此通过芯直径的扩大得以实现,这保证在髓内钉横向孔中一个特定的夹紧力。与螺纹外径的扩大相比,芯直径的扩大造成一个扩大的块体,其可以用于锁紧螺钉。
在一个专门的实施方式中,套管具有内螺纹。通过内螺纹的螺距产生轴向移动,这种移动通过锥形芯段特定的几何在中间区域Ld内产生套管的径向扩张。旋转或旋紧运动对于螺钉***髓内钉的横向孔中总归是必需的。
套管可以具有一个或多个纵向缝。由此达到的优点在于,套管的径向扩张能够以较小的力耗费或较小的扭矩实现。套管预先安装在螺钉上更加简便,剪切力被补偿,套管承受较小的内应力。如果设置一个唯一的纵向缝,它可以在套管的整个高度上延伸。但是,纵向缝也可以仅仅在套管高度的一部分上延伸,在此它在该实施方式中可以一侧开放或者两侧都封闭。在这样的部分缝的情况下也可以具有多个纵向缝,优选地交替地在套管的上部和下部开口。
在另一种实施方式中,直径为DH的套管在其一端部具有一个在周围环绕的、带有扩大的直径DF>DH的凸缘。该凸缘用作止挡即套管在髓内钉上定位,使得接骨螺钉以其锥形扩展的中间区域必须穿过套管贯穿旋紧,接骨螺钉径向扩张,而套管自身与中间区域相接触。
例如,套管可以由不可吸收的塑料、优选PEEK组成。优点在于生物适应性,良好的可制造性、简易的安装和以下这种情况,即在取出髓内钉时,如果套管保持悬挂在髓内钉的孔中,它可以被共同挤压。
但是,套管也可以由金属材料组成。这里的优点在于较高的强度、生物适应性和以下这种情况,即套管由与髓内钉和螺钉相同的材料组成。但金属套管也具有更好的可延展性,使得当它被倾斜***时,它可以略微流动。最后,金属套管还有不会出现断裂的优点。
套管也可以由可吸收的塑料组成。第一个优点在于,角度稳定的锁紧随着时间减弱。第二个优点在于,在可能失去这样一个套管时不会出现很大的缺点,因为它随着时间被吸收。
在另一种实施方式中,在接骨螺钉后端部和带有较大外径“d2”的杆的那部分之间,一个杆部分设置在具有扩大的外径d3>d2的区域“L2”中。这种结构的优点在于,它封闭在骨前部外皮上钻出的孔,使得套管的凸缘无需耗费很大的力便可以穿过第一层外皮中的孔。在此在具有外径d3>d2的区域“L2”中,杆部分可以设有外螺纹。具有外径的d3的外螺纹再次以旋紧的方式固定在骨内。
与上述的接骨螺钉一起使用的髓内钉具有直径DN和垂直于纵向轴线延伸的横向孔,该横向孔符合目的具有直径DB,该直径DB既大于d2又大于dB-L5。有利地套管直径DH满足条件DH≤1.2DB。套管长度HL应当有利地小于1.5DN而大于0.2DN
在另一种实施方式中,髓内钉具有连续的中空管和壁厚WN。套管的长度HL有利地与髓内钉的壁厚WN相应。
附图说明
以下借助多个实施例的部分示意图更详细地说明本发明和本发明的扩展结构。
附图中:
图1示出套装套管的接骨螺钉的纵剖视图
图2示出按图1的接骨螺钉***具有横向孔的髓内钉的纵剖视图
图3示出按图1的接骨螺钉的纵剖视图
图4示出按图1的套管的透视图
具体实施方式
在图1和3中示出接骨螺钉1的一种实施方式,它包括一个杆3、一个前端部4和一个带有螺钉头6的后端部5。接骨螺钉1具有五个轴向依次设置的部分,这些部分如下地设计:
-从后端部5起测量,螺钉头6延伸一段长度L1
-与此相邻,杆部分8延伸一段长度L2,该杆部分8具有带有一个恒定的外径d3和恒定的芯直径k3的外螺纹9;
-与此相邻,杆3的一部分延伸一段长度L3,该部分具有带有一个恒定的外径d2<k3和恒定的芯直径k2的螺纹2;
-与此相连,杆3的一个以角度α向前端部4缩小的部分延伸一段长度L4,使得在这个部分中,螺纹外径d2减小到外径d1。同样在这一部分中,芯直径k2减小到芯直径k1
-杆3的一部分在具有长度L4的部分和前端部4之间延伸,该部分具有一个带有恒定的外径d1和同样恒定的芯直径k1的螺纹2。
螺纹2如此设计,使得螺纹深度t1和t2在具有长度L5和L3的部分上一样。此外,在图1中,套管10从前端部4经由杆3旋紧,直至它设有凸缘12的端部达到具有长度L4的锥形部分。由于锥度,套管10容易被扩展,并具有一个外径dB-L5>DH(图4)。如果套管10继续向后端部5旋紧(以虚线示出),它便通过具有长度L4的锥形部分进一步扩展,直到它在具有连续外径d3的且具有长度L3的部分上达到直径dB-L3.
图2示出图1示出的接骨螺钉1的实施方式连同一个***髓内钉20的横向孔22中的套管10。髓内钉20设有一个与其纵向轴21同轴的贯穿的中空管23(Kannulierung),并具有外径DN和壁厚WN。横向孔22有直径DB,它大约为套管10直径dB-L3的90%。套管10完全***到横向孔22中,凭借凸缘12与横向孔22的倾斜部24的壁相接触。
图4示出具有一个直径DH的可以径向扩展的套管10的一种实施方式。套管10的外壳设计为带有一个贯穿的纵向缝11,通过该纵向缝套管10获得了其弹性。此外,套管10的空腔配有内螺纹13。为了轴向地紧靠在一个适当的支承平面上,在套管10的端部上设置一个带有直径DF>DH的凸缘12。

Claims (22)

1.一种用于骨固定的装置,所述用于骨固定的装置包括:
至少一个接骨螺钉(1),具有一个带有螺纹(2)的杆(3)、一个前端部(4)和一个后端部(5),其中螺纹(2)的外径“d”或杆(3)的芯直径“k”在杆(3)的中间区域(L4)内从其在一第三长度(L3)上所具有的一个较大的尺寸“d2”或“k2”向前端部(4)缩小为一个较小的尺寸“d1”或“k1”,其中“d1”或“k1”不等于零;以及
一个髓内钉(20);
其中:
杆(3)设有一个同心设置的、可径向扩展的套管(10);其中,
套管(10)定位在杆(3)的具有较小外径“d1”的部分上;
所述套管(10)通过旋入到中间区域(L4)内而可扩展为套管(10)的第一直径dB-L5并且通过旋入到第三长度(L3)上而可扩展为套管(10)的第二直径dB-L3
髓内钉(20)具有直径DN和横向于该髓内钉的纵向轴线(21)延伸的横向孔(22),该横向孔具有直径DB,该直径DB既大于d2又大于套管(10)的第一直径dB-L5但小于套管(10)的第二直径dB-L3
安装有套管(10)的接骨螺钉(1)可***到髓内钉(20)的横向孔(22)中。
2.按权利要求1所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,螺纹(2)具有一个恒定的深度,杆(3)的芯(7)的直径在中间区域(L4)内向前端部(4)的方向从一个较大的值“k2”减小到一个较小的值“k1”,但“k1”不为零。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,套管(10)具有内螺纹(13)。
4.按权利要求1或2所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,套管(10)具有至少一个纵向缝(11)。
5.按权利要求4所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,纵向缝(11)在套管(10)的整个高度上延伸。
6.按权利要求4所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,纵向缝(11)仅仅在套管(10)高度的一部分上延伸。
7.按权利要求6所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,有多个纵向缝(11)交替地在套管(10)的上部和下部开口。
8.按权利要求1或2所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,直径为DH的套管(10)在其一个端部上具有一个在周围环绕、具有扩大的直径DF>DH的凸缘(12)。
9.按权利要求1或2所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,套管(10)由不可吸收的塑料组成。
10.按权利要求1或2所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,套管(10)由金属材料组成。
11.按权利要求1或2所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,套管(10)由生物可吸收的塑料组成。
12.按权利要求1或2所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,在接骨螺钉的后端部(5)和杆(3)的带有较大外径“d2”的那部分之间,杆部分(8)设置在具有扩大的外径d3>d2的第二区域“L2”中。
13.按权利要求12所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,在具有扩大的外径d3>d2的第二区域“L2”中的杆部分(8)设有外螺纹(9)。
14.按权利要求1或2所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,
该接骨螺钉包括一个螺钉头(6),该螺钉头延伸一段从后端部(5)起测量的第一长度(L1);
杆(3)的一部分延伸一段第三长度(L3),该部分具有一个带有恒定的外径“d2”和恒定的芯直径“k2”的螺纹(2);
与具有第三长度(L3)的部分相邻地,杆(3)的以角度α向前端部(4)缩小的部分延伸一段第四长度(L4),使得在这个部分中,螺纹外径“d2”减小到外径“d1”;
杆(3)的一部分在具有第四长度(L4)的部分和前端部(4)之间延伸一段第五长度(L5),该部分具有一个带有恒定的外径“d1”和同样恒定的芯直径“k1”的螺纹(2);
上述各部分的长度和直径都大于零。
15.按权利要求14所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,在杆(3)的具有第四长度(L4)的部分中,芯直径“k2”减小到芯直径“k1”.
16.按权利要求14所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,杆部分(8)延伸一段与第一长度(L1)相邻的第二长度(L2),该杆部分具有一个带有恒定的外径“d3>d2”和恒定的芯直径“k3”的外螺纹(9)。
17.按权利要求14所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,在具有第五长度(L5)和第三长度(L3)的部分上的螺纹深度“t1”和“t2”是相同的。
18.按权利要求1或2所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,套管(10)的直径DH满足条件DH≤1.2DB
19.按权利要求1或2所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,套管(10)长度HL小于1.5DN
20.按权利要求1或2所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,套管(10)长度HL大于0.2DN
21.按权利要求1或2所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,髓内钉(20)具有连续的中空管(23)和壁厚WN
22.按权利要求21所述的用于骨固定的装置,其特征在于,套管(10)的长度HL与髓内钉(20)的壁厚WN相应。
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