CN1609076A - Production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer for rice - Google Patents
Production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer for rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN1609076A CN1609076A CN 200410088479 CN200410088479A CN1609076A CN 1609076 A CN1609076 A CN 1609076A CN 200410088479 CN200410088479 CN 200410088479 CN 200410088479 A CN200410088479 A CN 200410088479A CN 1609076 A CN1609076 A CN 1609076A
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Abstract
The slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer for rice is cemented and coated and cemented slowly releasing fertilizer coated with the serial slowly releasing cementing agents and coating and cementing agents developed by the present inventor based on the requirement of various kinds of rice on nitrogen fertilizer, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in different growth stages. Prepared based on the 'different size for different releasing speed' process, the fertilizer has releasing time and speed matching the requirement of rice in different growth stages, and once application of fertilizer can meet the requirement of rice on nitrogen fertilizer, potash fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in all growth stages.
Description
The invention belongs to agricultural, ecotope field.
Some special terms involved in the present invention limit following implication:
1, slow-release fertilizer: refer to fertilizer nutrient particularly nitrogen in soil, have the effect of slow release.At present the domestic and international slowly-releasing standard that adopts be with nitrogen in 24 hours the water solubility rate and in 48 hours earth pillar drench rate or the differential solubility rate is an index, in the field unified standard is not arranged as yet.With domestic several famous fertilizer expert discussion results (index for reference only), fertilizer nitrogen (soil moisture content be maxmun field capacity 70%～80%) time of releasing in soil is more than 20 days, can be called slow release fertilizer.
2, felted slow-release fertilizer: adopt the granulated fertilizer of gluing (bonding) the agent preparation with sustained release performance, the nutrient in this fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) slowly discharges in soil, and nutrient length time of releasing depends on the character of gluing (bonding) agent.
3, envelope type slow release fertilizer: employing can be wrapped in urea or compound (mixing) fertile particle surface by film forming material (claiming the coating agent again), makes fertilizer nitrogen have the effect of slow release, and time of releasing, length depended on the character of coated fertilizer and the thickness of coating.
4, coating felted slow-release fertilizer: wrap up a skim again and the slow release fertilizer that forms at the felted slow-release fertilizer particle surface, thereby prolonged the time of releasing of fertilizer nutrient.
5, nitrogen discharges the period: refer to that fertilizer nitrogen is being released in the soil from fertilizer in the section sometime basically.
6, different grain speed change: so-called different grain speed change is that the granulated fertilizer with different cementing agent and coating cementing agent production makes up and even blend in proportion, and different fertilizer particulate nutrient release rate in this Fertilizer Combination (or discharging period) is different.
Purpose of the present invention
With the felted and the coating felted slow-release fertilizer material of different periods release nutrients, by " different grain speed change " technology, by paddy rice each growth and development stage nutrient (N, P
2O
5, K
2O) demand percentage becomes the special-purpose slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of paddy rice by blending.
Detailed description of the present invention
Fertilization of rice is a complicated problems always, and its reason has three, one, and China paddy fields territory is big, and south gets Hainan Island, north is to Heilungkiang, and it is too big that weather condition, soil type all differ; The 2nd, paddy rice is divided early rice, semilate rice, late rice; The 3rd, various in style, nutritive property is different, and there is the branch of long-grained nonglutinous rice, japonica rice in the past, has hybridisation rice, super hybridization rice, Direct-seeding Rice not in recent years again.This is the basic reason that fertilizer circle few people study paddy rice-dedicated fertilizer.As for the special-purpose slow/controlled release fertilizer of paddy rice, still nobody shows any interest in both at home and abroad so far.
1, the nutritive property of paddy rice each breeding time
1.1 early rice: Honda 80-90 in the time of infertility days, general late April rice transplanting, harvesting mid-July, growth are in temperature by the low season that raises gradually, and kind is essentially the conventional rice kind, and the part hybridisation rice is also arranged.Early rice nourishes and grows overlapping with reproductive growth, and boundary is not obvious, two seasons early rice generally transplant the back and reached the peak of tillering in 15-20 days, tiller to boot stage absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition account for and absorb 80% of total amount, the later stage is 20%; Before the hybrid early, absorb amount of nutrients and account for about 60% of the time of infertility in mid-term, the later stage accounts for about 40%.With nitrogen is benchmark, and the early rice optimum fertilizing amount is a 9-10kgN/ mu.
1.2 late rice: at present various places double cropping late rice kind is essentially high quality japonica, and part hybridisation rice (Hunan) is also arranged, more than 90 day breeding time of Honda, general left and right sides rice transplanting on July 20, results about October 20.With two season early rice opposite, the double cropping late rice growth is in the season that temperature is reduced gradually by height, it is many that inhale nitrogen early stage, accounts for and inhale 30% of nitrogen total amount the time of infertility, accounts for mid-term about 50%, the later stage accounts for about 20%.The single cropping late rice mostly is super hybridization rice, and Honda breeding time is 100-110 days, the left and right sides rice transplanting on general June 20 in the Yangtze valley, harvesting about September 30.Because the single cropping late rice is longer breeding time, have significantly tiller, jointing, long fringe stage of heading, single cropping late rice absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium nutrition ratio, prometaphase accounts for 75%, later stage accounts for 25%, optimum fertilizing amount (in N): double cropping late rice 10kgN/ mu, single cropping late rice 12kgN/ mu.
1.3 semilate rice: at present the semilate rice of plantation mostly is hybridisation rice, and be 100-110 days the breeding time of Honda, and the general rice transplanting in the first tenday period of a month in May in the Yangtze valley is in 8 months, harvesting in the last ten-days period.Nourishing and growing with the pass of reproductive growth is to be connected type, absorb nutrient two tangible peak periods, the one, tillering phase, the one, panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage are arranged, and the quantity of later stage absorption nutrient is higher than early stage, and vegetative growth phase and reproductive stage nutrients ratio (in N) are roughly 40%: 60%.A general season semilate rice optimum fertilizing amount (in N) is a 12kg/ mu.
The ratio of all kinds rice at whole growth periods absorbed nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is roughly N: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.5: 0.8.
2, declare the previous work of this patent
2.1 developed 8 kinds water-soluble (or micelle aqueous solution) and had gluing (bonding) agent and the coating cementing agent of different sustained release performances.
2.1.1 organic compound fertilizer pelletizing adhesive (application number: 02123522.8, publication number: CN1390812A sees the application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on July 2nd, 2002);
2.1.2 nano level humic acids mixed polymer fertilizer coating cementing agent (application number: 02123975.4, publication number: CN1390877A sees the application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on July 11st, 2002);
2.1.3 nano level waste plastic-starch mixed polymer fertilizer coating cementing agent (application number: 02125678.0, publication number: CN1388169A sees the application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on July 26th, 2002);
2.1.4 nano level clay-polyester mixed polymer fertilizer coating cementing agent (application number: 02126009.5, publication number: CN1414033A sees the application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on August 9th, 2002);
2.1.5 nano level sulfonated lignin mixed polymer fertilizer coating cementing agent (application number: 02149247.6, publication number: CN1417173A sees the application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on November 11st, 2002);
2.1.6 nano level alkenes compounds-starch mixed polymer fertilizer coating cementing agent (application number: 200310116857.1, publication number: CN1546543A sees the application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on December 1st, 2003);
Its production method is:
(1) hydroxyethyl methylacrylate emulsion preparation
The liquid hydroxyethyl methylacrylate of selecting chemical plant, Dongguang, Beijing to produce, add the goldfish board dish detergent solution that Beijing goldfish Science and Technology Co., Ltd. produces, add-on 10%～15% promptly generates water-soluble hydroxyethyl methylacrylate emulsion fully after fully stirring.
(2) acrylonitrile emulsion preparation
The propylene liquid nitrile of selecting chemical plant, Dongguang, Beijing to produce adds the emulsification of tensio-active agent tween 20, add-on 5%～10%, after stirring, add goldfish board dish detergent solution, add-on 10%～15% promptly generates the vinyl cyanide aqueous emulsion after mixing.
(3) preparation of cross-linking starch solution (seeing the 02125678.0 application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on July 26th, 2002)
A, starch pasting: starch (wheat, corn, potato) is disperseed (starch concentration is 15%～20%) with cold water, under agitation heat 60～90 ℃ and (look starch kind difference, temperature is variant slightly) gelatinization 1 hour, be cooled to room temperature (20～35 ℃) again.
B, cross-linking starch: transfer pH to 2.0～3.0 with sulfuric acid, slowly add 40% industrial formol again, add-on is 0.7%～0.8% of an amount of starch, is warming up to about 40 ℃, stirs 30～60min.The cooling back adds ammoniacal liquor and transfers about pH to 7 unnecessary formaldehyde and NH
3React.
(4) nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate-vinyl cyanide-starch mixes the polymers preparation
Hydroxyethyl methylacrylate emulsion, vinyl cyanide emulsion, cross-linking starch solution are put into High shear device (seeing the application for a patent for invention that the inventor submitted on July 2nd, 2002) respectively, volumetric ratio is 1: 1: 2, high-shear 5～10min under 30,000 r/min speed, promptly generate nano level hydroxyethyl methylacrylate-vinyl cyanide-starch micelle and mix polywater solution, or claim nano level alkenes compounds-starch to mix polymers.
2.1.7 nano level humic acids-waste plastic-starch mixed polymer fertilizer coating cementing agent (application number: 200310116855.2, publication number: CN1546607A sees the application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on December 1st, 2003)
Its production method is:
(1) the nano level humic acid mixes the polymers production technique
Material choice: A, weathered coal: content of humic acid is more than 45%, and Ca content is more than 5%, and Si content is more than 1%.Do not formulate at present the national standard of weathered coal as yet, to the material composition analysis, heavy metal content must meet national standard by " pollutent control criterion in the agricultural flyash of GB8173-87 ".B, plastics: select depleted polystyrene foamed plastics, plastics film (comprising food bag).
Production technique: A, weathered coal raw material stoving, ball mill is pulverized, cross 200 mesh sieve holes (sieve diameter 0.074mm) B, add 20% dilute sulphuric acid and 10% dilute hydrochloric acid mixed acid solution in the reactor of band whipping appts, the hydrochloric acid add-on is decided on calcium, silicon compound content, weathered coal and H
2SO
4-HCl mixing acid mass ratio is 1: 2, reaction times 1.5～2.0h.Chemical reaction is neutralized to about pH7.0 with lime slurry after finishing.C, add the dispersion agent Sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, add-on is 5%～10%, dissolves and stirs.D, above-mentioned resultant of reaction are put into High shear device (seeing the 02123522.8 application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on July 2nd, 2002), and rotating speed 30,000 r/min about high-shear time 10min, promptly generate the nano level humic acid and mix polymers.
(2) nano level waste plastic-starch mixes the polymers production technique
(seeing the 02125678.0 application for a patent for invention book that the inventor submitted on July 26th, 2002)
A, waste plastic sorting, cleaning, drying are pulverized.
B, dissolution with solvents: this technology selects for use ethyl acetate to make solvent, and mixed plastic dissolves with ethyl acetate and dimethylbenzene mixing solutions (ratio 1: 1).All place 12～24h.
C, emulsification: the ethyl acetate solution of polystyrene plastic adds the emulsification of tween-80 tensio-active agent, and the limit edged stirs, and till turning white to solution colour, the tween-80 add-on is 1%～5% of an ethyl acetate plastic solution quality; Mixed waste plastic solution adds the emulsification of Tween-60 tensio-active agent, and add-on is 1%～5% of a mixed plastic solution quality.
The preparation of D, the nano level plastics aqueous solution: in High shear device (02123522.8 application for a patent for invention that the inventor submitted on July 2nd, 2002), one side high speed shear (10,000 r/min), add 5%～10% sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate aqueous solution on one side, the volume of add-on and plastics emulsified soln is (1: 1) substantially quite.Continue high-shear (30,000 r/min) 10～15min.
The preparation of E, cross-linking starch solution
Starch pasting: with cold water starch (wheat, corn, potato) is disperseed (starch concentration is 15%～20%), under agitation heat 60～90 ℃ of (look starch kind difference, temperature is variant slightly) gelatinization 1h, be cooled to room temperature (20～35 ℃) again.
Cross-linking starch: transfer pH to 2.0～3.0 with sulfuric acid, slowly add 40% industrial formol again, add-on is 0.7%～0.8% of an amount of starch, is warming up to about 40 ℃, stirs 30～60min.The cooling back adds ammoniacal liquor and transfers about pH to 7 unnecessary formaldehyde and NH
3React.
F, nano level plastics-starch micelle mix the polymers preparation
The waste plastic aqueous solution is mixed with cross-linking starch solution, and the volume ratio is 1: 1, and (30,000 r/min) high-shear 5～10min in high-speed shearing equipment promptly becomes nano level waste plastic-starch micelle and mixes the polymers aqueous solution.For preventing skinning on the liquid level, add 0.01% Diacetylmonoxime.
(3) nano level humic acid-waste plastic-starch mixed polymer fertilizer coating cementing agent production technique
In the emulsify at a high speed decollator, add the nano level humic acid respectively and mix polymers, the mixed polymers of nano level plastics-starch, ratio is 1: 0.3-0.6, under 20,000 r/min conditions, stir 15～20min, promptly generate heterogeneous nano level humic acid-waste plastic-starch mixed polymer fertilizer coating cementing agent.
2.1.8 paraffin-talcum powder (or kaolin) mixed emulsion
Its production method is: after solid paraffin (choosing low-melting paraffin) heating is melted more than 50 ℃, add paraffin emulsifier RZB201 (paraffin quality 15%～25%), stir, generate the paraffin paste, add water (paraffin quality 5 times), high-speed stirring (20,000 rev/mins) generated paraffin wax emulsions about 10 minutes.Add talcum powder (or kaolin then, cross 300 mesh sieve holes, sieve diameter is equivalent to 0.053～0.04mm, add-on be the paraffin quality 20%～30%), high-speed stirring (20,000 rev/mins) was paraffin-talcum powder (or kaolin) mixed emulsion about 10 minutes.
2.2 different slow release fertilizers nitrogen under the waterflooding condition discharges the period
Paddy rice grows under the waterflooding condition basically, and the slow release fertilizer nutrient release rate is very fast.Gather the livid purple mud rice soil of Zhejiang Jiaxing, do not having under the cultivation waterflooding condition, it is as follows that various slow-release fertilizer nitrogens discharge the period:
(1) urea (contrast): discharge more than 98% in 1 all inherent soil;
(2) paraffin mixed emulsion coated urea: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharges more than 98% in 2 weeks;
(3) mixed organic manure is made material binding agent (CF2) felted slow-release fertilizer: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 15-40 days;
(4) clay-polyester mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 30-50 days;
(5) sulfonated lignin mixes the polymers felted slow-release fertilizer: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 25-50 days;
(6) alkenes compounds-starch mixes the polymers felted slow-release fertilizer: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 20-40 days;
(7) waste plastic-starch mixes the polymers felted slow-release fertilizer: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 50-70 days;
(8) humic acids mixes the polymers felted slow-release fertilizer: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 40-60 days;
(9) humic acid-waste plastic-starch mixes the polymers felted slow-release fertilizer: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 35-55 days;
(10) CF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch envelope type slow release fertilizer: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 60-75 days;
(11) clay-polyester mixed polymer gluing, waste plastic-starch envelope type slow release fertilizer: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 60-80 days;
(12) sulfonated lignin mixes the polymers gluing, waste plastic-starch mixes polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 55-75 days;
(13) waste plastic-starch gluing, waste plastic-starch mix polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer: the back nitrogen that is manured into soil discharged more than 98% in 70-95 days.
2.3 rice field manure trial
2.3.1 place: ChangSha, Hunan Province county and Ningxiang County Agricultural University Of Hunan test base.
Table 1 is for the examination soil nutrient content
| The place | PH | Organic (gkg -1) | Full N (gkg -1) | Alkaline hydrolysis N (mgkg -1) | Available P (mgkg -1) | Quick-acting K (mgkg -1) |
| Changsha Ningxiang | 5.5 6.0 | ????26.40 ????21.80 | ????2.94 ????1.83 | ????96.15 ????72.78 | ????43.90 ????14.30 | ????66.23 ????41.10 |
2.3.2 sub-district area: 40m
2(5 * 8m), triplicate.
2.3.3 rice varieties: double cropping late rice is new fragrant excellent 80.
2.3.4 rate of fertilizer application: slow-release compound fertilizer N: P
2O
5: K
2O=15: 7.5: 12, with nitrometer, 10kgN/ mu contrasted to waiting N, P, K chemical fertilizer.
2.3.5 test-results
Compare with chemical fertilizer such as NPK such as grade:
(1) CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer volume increase 11.72%-13.54%;
(2) clay-polyester mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer volume increase 15.45%-28.34%;
(3) waste plastic-starch mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer volume increase 21.73%-30.15%;
(4) sulfonated lignin mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer volume increase 12.5%-13.87%;
(5) humic acids mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer volume increase 13.64%-15.75%;
(6) alkenes compounds-starch mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer volume increase 13.55%-14.6%;
(7) humic acid-waste plastic-starch mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer volume increase 16.43%-21.85%;
(8) CF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mix the fertile volume increase of polymers envelope type slow release 24.70%-31.79%;
(9) CF2 gluing, the fertile volume increase of clay-polyester mixed polymer envelope type slow release 17.60%-29.55%;
(10) 10% paraffin mixed emulsion coated urea N+20%CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer N+50% clay-polyester mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer N+20% clay-polyester mixed polymer gluings, waste plastic-starch mix polymers Envelope type N slow-release fertilizer volume increase 32.39%-37.25%.
The field test results of 2 points is consistent to be shown, slow release fertilizer the effect glued and blending of coating felted is better.
3, key problem in technology of the present invention
(1) has gluing (bonding) agent and the coating cementing agent production method of different sustained release performances
Developed the production method that CF2 gluing (bonding) agent, clay-polyester mixed polymer coating cementing agent, sulfonated lignin mix polymers coating cementing agent, the mixed polymers coating cementing agent of alkenes compounds-starch, the mixed polymers coating cementing agent of humic acids, the mixed polymers coating cementing agent of waste plastic-starch, humic acid-waste plastic-starch mixed polymers coating cementing agent, paraffin-talcum powder or kaolin mixed emulsion.
(2) glued (bonding) type and coating felted slow-release fertilizer production method
Use the fertilizer adhesive agent and the coating cementing agent of development voluntarily, produce the production method of glued (bonding) type of series (discharging the period difference) and coating felted slow-release fertilizer material.
(3) " different grain speed change " nutrient slow/controlled release technology
According to all types of paddy rice different growing to nutrient demand ratio (is benchmark with N), the slow release fertilizer that different time sections is discharged nutrient makes up even blend in proportion, become nutrient and discharge different slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of period, promptly so-called " different grain speed change " nutrient slow/controlled release technology.The every growing stage of paddy rice, corresponding just have a kind of slow-release fertilizer to begin to discharge nutrient, forms several nutrients and discharge the peak period, identical substantially to nutrient demand ratio and quantity each breeding time with paddy rice.
4, main technique route
4.1 accompanying drawing 1 is seen in technical process.
4.2 operational path
Operational path of the present invention comprises three parts, the one, and the preparation of felted slow-release fertilizer material, the 2nd, the preparation of coating felted slow-release fertilizer material, the 3rd, the preparation of " different grain speed change " special-purpose slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of type paddy rice.
4.2.1 felted slow-release fertilizer material manufacturing technique
4.2.1.1 raw material is prepared
(1) nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer raw material: nitrogen is selected urea for use, and phosphorus is selected monoammonium phosphate for use, and potassium is selected Repone K or vitriolate of tartar for use.Pulverized 60～70 mesh sieve holes, sieve diameter is equivalent to 0.25～0.21mm;
(2) auxiliary material: 100 mesh sieve holes are dried, pulverized to weathered coal.
(3) selection of jointing compound and dilution: select jointing compound to need to suit measures to local conditions according to paddy rice type and local raw material supply situation.Jointing compound dilution: the optimum concentration range in the time of when test run, at first should findding out the agent of different material use different cementing.In above-mentioned jointing compound, except paraffin-talcum powder (or kaolin) mixed emulsion diluted 5 times (in paraffin), other generally was diluted with water to 1%～2%.During thin up, need to stir with agitator.
4.2.1.2 raw material mixes
By growth period duration of rice nutrient demand and fertilizer material nutrient content are taken by weighing raw material in proportion, on the relative soil with high of potassium content, N: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.5: 0.5-0.8; (quick-acting K＜the 100mgkg of soil on potassium deficiency soil
-1) N: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.5: 0.8-1.Abundant mixing in the asymmetric double spiral mixer adds the jointing compound after diluting again.The jointing compound add-on: by the fertilizer butt, glued (bonding) agent add-on is 0.5%～1.0% of a fertilizer quality.
4.2.1.3 granulation
Add glued (bonding) agent aqueous solution and stir after material deliver to granulation in pelletizing disks or the rotary drum granulator through rotary conveyor, if water deficient, can be additional on demand by the industrial water purification spray line in material top in material top or the rotary drum in the disk.
4.2.1.4 it is dry
Rotary conveyor with granulation after fertilizer send in the rotary drying drum, along with the rotation of drying cylinder, also be again granulation process, carry out the drying process of fertiliser granulates.
4.2.1.5 screening
Directly send rolling screen or reciprocating vibration sieve behind the fertile grain particle drying to, be returning charge, re-use through pulverizing less than the powder thing of 1mm with greater than the macrobead of 5mm.
4.2.1.6 waxing is scraped
Granulated fertilizer after will sieving with travelling belt is delivered to disk or rotating cylinder (among the Φ 1400 * 8000mm), rotation on one side, (the spray painting paraffin-talcum powder mixed emulsion of pressure 〉=0.4Mpa), all moistening to fertiliser granulates, consumption is 1%～2% of a fertilizer quality in pressurization on one side.Use 80 ℃～100 ℃ hot-air seasonings at last, paraffin and talcum powder combine together, and the cooling back forms the smooth wax coating layer with certain intensity on the fertiliser granulates surface, is felted slow-release fertilizer material finished product.
4.2.2 coating felted slow-release fertilizer material manufacturing technique
With above-mentioned granulation, drying and screening and the waxing glued fertilizer of scraping is coating felted slow-release fertilizer material again with the coating cementing agent parcel.
The slow-release fertilizer coating carries out (the coating rotating cylinder is seen accompanying drawing 2) in the coating rotating cylinder of Design and Machining voluntarily, mainly by forming with the lower section:
(1) coating cementing agent pretreatment unit: be 1M
3The Sandwich pot of belt stirrer feeds circulating hot water and is heated to 50 ℃～60 ℃ between interlayer, coating cementing agent is squeezed in the jar with pressure pump, adds water agitation and dilution to 5%～8%.
(2) pressurized spray device: with pressure pump pressurization, pressure 〉=0.4Mpa, 5～10 microns of nozzle bores.
(3) rotation coating tube: drum diameter 1500mm, long 8000mm, be divided into two sections, preceding half section is the coating chamber, and the second half section is the face powder kiln, the 4000mm place is welded with a semicircle baffle in the middle of inwall, high 100mm, inwall also are welded with 12 row's material lifting flightss, the long 250-300mm of material lifting flights, high 150mm is staggered.Coating tube feeding end puts in a pipe along axis direction, pipe end vertical axis direction is welded with coating cementing agent spray line (stainless steel tube), long 800mm, diameter are 25mm, 2 shower nozzles are installed at the pipe two ends, nozzle bore 5～10 μ m, coating cementing agent is diluted with water to 5%～8%, (in the ascending pipe of pressure 〉=0.4Mpa), is vaporific sprinkling (seeing accompanying drawing 2) by pressure pump.The coating cementing agent consumption is 1%～2% of a fertilizer butt quality.
(4) coating operation: A, start the coating rotating cylinder; B, with the belt hauler rounded grain felted slow-release fertilizer or the granular urea of the above-mentioned NPK of containing are sent into the coating rotating cylinder, because the turning effort of cylinder, a flight is kicked up fertiliser granulates in the tube in cylinder; C, start the pressurized spray device, the coating agent is vaporific and contacts with the fertiliser granulates of kicking up that rolls, and with its surface wettability, forms certain thickness coating; D, put in a face powder pipe from coating rotating cylinder exit end, fertilizer behind the coating enters the face powder chamber after crossing the middle barrier of cylinder, fertiliser granulates and talcum powder that rolling raises up meet, and the fertiliser granulates surface is stained with one deck talcum powder, and amount of talc is the 1%-2.5% of fertilizer butt quality; E, be blown into 80 ℃ of-100 ℃ of hot blasts, behind the moistening film drying in face powder back, be wrapped in the fertiliser granulates surface with talcum powder from coating rotating cylinder exit end.Because the coating rotating cylinder has constant slope (can regulate according to membrane wrapping thickness and output), the dried fertiliser granulates of coating flows into rotary conveyor, enters the fertilizer storage warehouse.
4.2.3 paddy rice is used " different grain speed change " type slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer production technique
According to paddy rice each growth and development stage nutrient (N, P
2O
5, K
2O) demand percentage (in N) in potassium deficiency and executing on the effective soil of potassium, is pressed N: P
2O
5: K
2O=15%: calculating in 7.5%: 15% is prepared burden; On non-potassium deficiency soil, press N: P
2O
5: K
2O=15%: calculating in 7.5%: 12% is prepared burden.Rate of fertilizer application: early rice is pressed 9-10kgN/ mu and calculates; Late rice is pressed double cropping late rice 10kgN/ mu, single cropping late rice 12kgN/ mu calculates; Semilate rice is pressed 12kgN/ mu and is calculated.The felted slow-release fertilizer and the coating felted slow-release fertilizer that different time sections are discharged nutrient make up even blend in this ratio, promptly become slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer for rice.
Advantage of the present invention
According to the Different Types of Rice nutritive property of each breeding time, select the different periods to discharge the gluing and the coating felted slow-release fertilizer material of nitrogen, in the fertile ratio blending of each need breeding time of Different Types of Rice, promptly become the special-purpose slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer series of combination of paddy rice of " different grain speed change ", accomplish once to use, can satisfy the Different Types of Rice nutrient demand in the time of infertility as base manure.
Embodiment:
1, proportioning raw materials
In potassium deficiency and executing on the effective soil of potassium, press N: P
2O
5: K
2O=15%: calculating in 7.5%: 15% is prepared burden, and on non-potassium deficiency soil, presses N: P
2O
5: K
2O=15%: calculating in 7.5%: 12% is prepared burden.
(1) felted slow-release fertilizer
| Raw material | Potassium deficiency soil | Non-potassium deficiency soil |
| Urea (containing N46%) | ????286.3kg | ????286.3kg |
| Monoammonium phosphate (contains P 2O 5?45％，N11％) | ????166.7kg | ????166.7kg |
| Repone K (contains K 2O?60％) | ????250kg | ????200kg |
| Weathered coal (auxiliary material) | ????294kg | ????344kg |
| Glued (bonding) agent (solid content 10%) | ????10kg | ????10kg |
| Paraffin talcum powder emulsion (solid content 20%) | ????10kg | ????10kg |
| Add up to (solid quality) | ????1000kg | ????1000kg |
(2) coating felted slow-release fertilizer
| Raw material | Potassium deficiency soil | Non-potassium deficiency soil |
| Urea (containing N46%) | ????286.3kg | ????286.3kg |
| Monoammonium phosphate (contains P 2O 5?45％，N11％) | ????166.7kg | ????166.7kg |
| Repone K (contains K 2O?60％) | ????250kg | ????200kg |
| Weathered coal (auxiliary material) | ????274kg | ????324kg |
| Glued (bonding) agent (solid content 10%) | ????10kg | ????10kg |
| Coating agent (solid content 20%) | ????10kg | ????10kg |
| Talcum powder | ????20kg | ????20kg |
| Add up to (solid quality) | ????1000kg | ????1000kg |
2, paddy rice is used the slow release fertilizer production sequence:
2.1 the felted slow-release fertilizer material is produced
(1) CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer material is produced (by butt fertilizer per ton)
Take by weighing urea 286.3kg, monoammonium phosphate 166.7kg, Repone K 250kg (non-potassium deficiency soil 200kg), weathered coal 294kg (non-potassium deficiency soil 344kg), thorough mixing is even in the asymmetric double spiral mixer, add the CF2 jointing compound after diluting, consumption is 10kg mother liquor/t butt fertilizer (extension rate is decided on the raw material water content), send in the tablets press (granulating disc or rotary drum granulator all can) with rotary conveyor, granulation after drying, screening are less than the 1mm powder with greater than the macrobead returning charge recycle of 5mm; 1～5mm diameter granulated fertilizer is delivered to disk or rotary drum granulator (among the Φ 1400 * 8000mm); rotation on one side; on one side by pressure 〉=0.4Mpa nozzles spray paraffin-talcum powder mixed emulsion; consumption 10kg left and right sides mother liquor/t butt fertilizer; with 80 ℃ of-100 ℃ of hot-air seasonings, promptly be prepared into CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer material.
(2) clay-polyester mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer material is produced
Production method by present embodiment (1) CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer material is produced, only with clay-polyester mixed polymer jointing compound replacement CF2 jointing compound wherein.
(3) sulfonated lignin mixes the production of polymers felted slow-release fertilizer material
Production method by present embodiment (1) CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer material is produced, and only mixes polymers jointing compound replacement CF2 jointing compound wherein with sulfonated lignin.
(4) alkenes compounds-starch mixes the production of polymers felted slow-release fertilizer material
Production method by present embodiment (1) CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer material is produced, and only mixing polymers with alkenes compounds-starch is that hydroxyethyl methylacrylate-vinyl cyanide-starch mixes polymers jointing compound replacement CF2 jointing compound wherein.
(5) humic acids mixes the production of polymers felted slow-release fertilizer material
Production method by present embodiment (1) CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer material is produced, and only mixes polymers jointing compound replacement CF2 jointing compound wherein with humic acids.
(6) waste plastic-starch mixes the production of polymers felted slow-release fertilizer material
Production method by present embodiment (1) CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer material is produced, and only mixes polymers jointing compound replacement CF2 jointing compound wherein with waste plastic-starch.
(7) humic acid-waste plastic-starch mixes the production of polymers felted slow-release fertilizer material
Production method by present embodiment (1) CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer material is produced, and only mixes polymers jointing compound replacement CF2 jointing compound wherein with humic acid-waste plastic-starch.
2.2 coating felted slow-release fertilizer material is produced (by butt fertilizer per ton)
(1) CF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mix the production of polymers enveloped slow release fertilizer
By fertilizer butt per ton, take by weighing urea 286.3kg, monoammonium phosphate 166.7kg, Repone K 250kg (non-potassium deficiency soil 200kg), weathered coal 274kg (non-potassium deficiency soil 324kg), according to the felted slow-release fertilizer production technique, diameter 1～5mm rounded grain CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer material of selecting not wax is sent into special coated cylinder, mix the polymers coating agent aqueous solution by pressure 〉=0.4Mpa nozzle spray painting waste plastic-starch, consumption 10kg left and right sides mother liquor/t butt fertilizer, moistening fully to the fertiliser granulates surface, form certain thickness coating.Along with the rotation of coating cylinder, the fertiliser granulates behind the coating enters the face powder operation by barrier, and amount of talc is a 20kg left and right sides ^ butt fertilizer; Feed heating duct from coating cylinder discharge end, dry under 80 ℃～100 ℃ hot blasts, be CF2 gluing, the mixed polymers coating felted slow-release fertilizer material of waste plastic-starch.
(2) clay-polyester mixed polymer gluing, waste plastic-starch mix the production of polymers enveloped slow release fertilizer
Press the production method production of present embodiment (1) CF2 gluing, the mixed polymers enveloped slow release fertilizer of waste plastic-starch, only with clay-polyester mixed polymer jointing compound replacement CF2 jointing compound wherein.
(3) sulfonated lignin mixes the polymers gluing, waste plastic-starch mixes the production of polymers enveloped slow release fertilizer
Press the production method production of present embodiment (1) CF2 gluing, the mixed polymers enveloped slow release fertilizer of waste plastic-starch, only mix polymers jointing compound replacement CF2 jointing compound wherein with sulfonated lignin.
(4) alkenes compounds-starch mixes the polymers gluing, waste plastic-starch mixes the production of polymers enveloped slow release fertilizer
Press the production method production of present embodiment (1) CF2 gluing, the mixed polymers enveloped slow release fertilizer of waste plastic-starch, only mix polymers jointing compound replacement CF2 jointing compound wherein with alkenes compounds-starch.
(5) humic acids mixes the polymers gluing, waste plastic-starch mixes the production of polymers enveloped slow release fertilizer
Press the production method production of present embodiment (1) CF2 gluing, the mixed polymers enveloped slow release fertilizer of waste plastic-starch, only mix polymers jointing compound replacement CF2 jointing compound wherein with humic acids.
(6) waste plastic-starch mixes the polymers gluing, produces with its enveloped slow release fertilizer
Press the production method production of present embodiment (1) CF2 gluing, the mixed polymers enveloped slow release fertilizer of waste plastic-starch, only mix polymers jointing compound replacement CF2 jointing compound wherein with waste plastic-starch.
(7) waxing process for producing urea
Adopt granular urea, put into garden dish or rotating cylinder (Φ 1400 * 8000mm), on one side rotation, pressurization on one side (the spray painting paraffin-talcum powder mixed emulsion of pressure 〉=0.4Mpa), consumption 10Kg mother liquor/t urea.With 80 ℃～100 ℃ hot-air seasonings, be paraffin coating urea, claim waxing urea again.
The processing of 3 " different grain speed change " special-purpose slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of type paddy rice
3.1 the special-purpose slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of early rice
According to early rice nourish and grow overlapping with reproductive growth, transplant the characteristics that the back reached the peak of tillering in 15-20 days, intend adopting quick-acting fertilizer and felted slow-release fertilizer to be integrated as main scheme, be benchmark with nitrogen (N), rate of fertilizer application 10kg N/ mu.
(1) 4.3kg waxing urea+26.7kgCF2 felted slow-release fertilizer+26.7kg humic acids mixes the polymers felted slow-release fertilizer;
(2) 4.3kg waxing urea+26.7kg clay-polyester mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer+26.7kg waste plastic-starch mixes the polymers felted slow-release fertilizer;
(3) 4.3kg waxing urea+26.7kg sulfonated lignin mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer+26.7kg humic acid-waste plastic-starch and mixes the polymers felted slow-release fertilizer;
(4)) 4.3kg waxing urea+26.7kg alkenes compounds-starch mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer+26.7kgCF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mixes polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer;
(5) 4.3kg waxing urea+26.7kgCF2 felted slow-release fertilizer+26.7kgCF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mix polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer;
3.2 the special-purpose slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of semilate rice
Semilate rice has two significantly to absorb the nutrient peak periods, i.e. tillering phase and panicle primordium dif ferentiation stage are nourished and grown and reproductive stage nutrients ratio (in N) is roughly 40%: 60%, and every mu of rate of fertilizer application (in N) is 12kgN.According to the nutritive property of semilate rice, intend adopting following scheme:
(1) 5.2kg waxing urea+16kgCF2 felted slow-release fertilizer+48kg CF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mix polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer;
(2) 5.2kg waxing urea+16kg sulfonated lignin mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer+48kg sulfonated lignin and mixes polymers gluing, the mixed polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer of waste plastic-starch;
(3) 5.2kg waxing urea+16kg alkenes compounds-starch mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer+48kg alkenes compounds-starch and mixes polymers gluing, the mixed polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer of waste plastic-starch;
(4) 5.2kg waxing urea+16kg clay-polyester mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer+48kg clay-polyester mixed polymer gluing, waste plastic-starch mix polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer;
(5) 5.2kg waxing urea+16kg humic acids mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer+48kg humic acids and mixes polymers gluing, the mixed polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer of waste plastic-starch;
(6) 5.2kg waxing urea+16kg waste plastic-starch mixes and uses its envelope type slow release fertilizer again after polymers felted slow-release fertilizer+48kg waste plastic-starch mixes the polymers gluing.
3.3 the special-purpose slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of late rice
3.3.1 double cropping late rice
The double cropping late rice nutritional characteristic be before, during and after the phase respectively account for and absorb total nutrient content (in N) 30%, 50%, 20%, emphasis is the supply of nutrient in mid-term, the late rice rate of fertilizer application is counted 10kgN/ mu with N.
(1) 4.4kg waxing urea+40kgCF2 felted slow-release fertilizer+13.4kg CF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mix polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer;
(2) 4.4kg waxing urea+40kg clay-polyester mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer+13.4kg CF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mix polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer;
(3) 4.4kg waxing urea+40kg sulfonated lignin mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer+13.4kg CF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mixes polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer;
(4) 4.4kg waxing urea+40kg alkenes compounds-starch mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer+13.4kg CF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mixes polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer;
(5) 4.4kg waxing urea+40kg humic acids mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer+13.4kg CF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mixes polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer;
(6) 4.4kg waxing urea+40kg waste plastic-starch mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer+13.4kg CF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mixes polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer.
3.3.2 single cropping late rice
Single cropping late rice nutritional characteristic is preceding, mid-term to absorb nutrient (in N) and account for 75%, and the later stage accounts for 25%, and optimum fertilizing amount (in N) is a 12kgN/ mu.
(1) 5.2kg waxing urea+44kgCF2 felted slow-release fertilizer+20kg CF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mix polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer;
(2) 5.2kg waxing urea+44kg clay-polyester mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer+20kg clay-polyester mixed polymer gluing, waste plastic-starch mix polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer;
(3) 5.2kg waxing urea+44kg sulfonated lignin mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer+20kg sulfonated lignin and mixes polymers gluing, the mixed polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer of waste plastic-starch;
(4) 5.2kg waxing urea+44kg alkenes compounds-starch mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer+20kg alkenes compounds-starch and mixes polymers gluing, the mixed polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer of waste plastic-starch;
(5) 5.2kg waxing urea+44kg humic acids mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer+20kg humic acids and mixes polymers gluing, the mixed polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer of waste plastic-starch;
(6) 5.2kg waxing urea+44kg humic acid-plastics-starch mixes polymers felted slow-release fertilizer+20kg humic acid-plastics-starch and mixes polymers gluing, the mixed polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer of waste plastic-starch.
With each the 6 kinds combination slow release fertilizers of above-mentioned early rice, semilate rice, late rice even blend in mixer respectively, send into automatic packing machine pack packing, promptly become the special-purpose slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of paddy rice of 18 kinds of composite types.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer for rice, its feature is made up of following technological process, promptly use the jointing compound of different performance to make the slow release fertilizer that the different periods discharge nutrient with coating cementing agent, according to Different Types of Rice each breeding time to the nutrient demand ratio, with the nitrogen is benchmark, adopt " different grain speed change " technology, the fertilizer that different time sections is discharged nutrient makes up and even blend in proportion, forms nutrient release rate or discharges period and the paddy rice slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer that each breeding time, regulation of fertilizer requirement matched.
2, according to the described production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer for rice of claim 1, the ratio that it is characterized by according to paddy rice demand nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium is N: P
2O
5: K
2O=1: 0.5: 0.8-1, produce gluing and the coating felted slow-release compound fertilizer that the different periods discharge nitrogen according to this ratio, it is the mineral wax mixture coated urea, organic compound fertilizer pelletizing adhesive CF2 felted slow-release fertilizer, clay-polyester mixed polymer felted slow-release fertilizer, sulfonated lignin mixes the polymers felted slow-release fertilizer, alkenes compounds-starch mixes the polymers felted slow-release fertilizer, waste plastic-starch mixes the polymers felted slow-release fertilizer, humic acids mixes the polymers felted slow-release fertilizer, humic acid-waste plastic-starch mixes the polymers felted slow-release fertilizer, the CF2 gluing, waste plastic-starch mixes polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer, clay-polyester mixed polymer gluing, waste plastic-starch envelope type slow release fertilizer, the sulfonated lignin gluing, waste plastic-starch mixes polymers envelope type slow release fertilizer, and waste plastic-starch is used its envelope type slow release fertilizer after mixing the polymers gluing again.
3, according to the described production process of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer for rice of claim 1, it is characterized by ratio and quantity according to Different Types of Rice each of demand nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium breeding time, with the nitrogen is benchmark, the slow-release fertilizer that the above-mentioned different periods are discharged nutrient makes up and even blend in proportion, is the special-purpose slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of paddy rice.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101870624A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2010-10-27 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Rice special controlled-release fertilizer applied once in processes of rice transplantation and seedling culture and preparation method thereof |
| CN102153419A (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2011-08-17 | 湖南省中科农业有限公司 | Novel special fertilizer for rice |
| CN102807445A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-12-05 | 菏泽金正大生态工程有限公司 | Preparation method for controlled-release fertilizer special for mechanically applied rice |
| CN102850132A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2013-01-02 | 菏泽金正大生态工程有限公司 | Preparation method of mechanically fertilized controlled-release fertilizer special for winter wheat |
| CN103130566A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-05 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Adjustable slow release BB fertilizer special for applying for cucumber and preparation method of adjustable slow release BB fertilizer |
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| CN110041130A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-23 | 邵淑华 | A kind of preparation method of plant nutrient functional composite material |
| CN111771498A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-16 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Machine-transplanting side deep fertilization method for double cropping rice |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1066439A (en) * | 1992-05-17 | 1992-11-25 | 蔡明亨 | Long-acting crop nutrition coordinated supply fertilizer |
| CN1040096C (en) * | 1995-08-17 | 1998-10-07 | 郑州乐喜施磷复肥技术研究推广中心 | Releasion controlled fertilizer |
| CN1566034A (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2005-01-19 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Slow release/controlled release fertilizer for regulating and controlling crop nutrition all the time and preparation method thereof |
| CN1272289C (en) * | 2003-08-07 | 2006-08-30 | 华南农业大学 | Irregular particle variable speed release-controlling fertilizer for lichee and its preparation |
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- 2004-11-03 CN CNB2004100884795A patent/CN100494123C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN101870624B (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2011-08-10 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Rice special controlled-release fertilizer applied once in processes of rice transplantation and seedling culture and preparation method thereof |
| CN101870624A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2010-10-27 | 山东金正大生态工程股份有限公司 | Rice special controlled-release fertilizer applied once in processes of rice transplantation and seedling culture and preparation method thereof |
| CN102153419A (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2011-08-17 | 湖南省中科农业有限公司 | Novel special fertilizer for rice |
| CN102153419B (en) * | 2011-05-19 | 2013-06-19 | 湖南省中科农业有限公司 | Special fertilizer for rice |
| CN103130566A (en) * | 2011-12-02 | 2013-06-05 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Adjustable slow release BB fertilizer special for applying for cucumber and preparation method of adjustable slow release BB fertilizer |
| CN102807445A (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2012-12-05 | 菏泽金正大生态工程有限公司 | Preparation method for controlled-release fertilizer special for mechanically applied rice |
| CN102807445B (en) * | 2012-08-30 | 2014-01-29 | 菏泽金正大生态工程有限公司 | Preparation method for controlled-release fertilizer special for mechanically applied rice |
| CN102850132A (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2013-01-02 | 菏泽金正大生态工程有限公司 | Preparation method of mechanically fertilized controlled-release fertilizer special for winter wheat |
| CN102850132B (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2014-03-26 | 菏泽金正大生态工程有限公司 | Preparation method of mechanically fertilized controlled-release fertilizer special for winter wheat |
| CN106380338A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-08 | 贵阳开磷化肥有限公司 | Chitosan coated controlled-release fertilizer for rice and preparation method thereof |
| CN110041130A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-07-23 | 邵淑华 | A kind of preparation method of plant nutrient functional composite material |
| CN111771498A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-10-16 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Machine-transplanting side deep fertilization method for double cropping rice |
| CN111771498B (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2022-03-08 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Machine-transplanting side deep fertilization method for double cropping rice |
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