CN110041130A - A kind of preparation method of plant nutrient functional composite material - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method of plant nutrient functional composite material Download PDFInfo
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- CN110041130A CN110041130A CN201910361109.0A CN201910361109A CN110041130A CN 110041130 A CN110041130 A CN 110041130A CN 201910361109 A CN201910361109 A CN 201910361109A CN 110041130 A CN110041130 A CN 110041130A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of plant nutrient functional composite material, belong to soil technology field.The present invention is using low density polyethylene (LDPE) as basis material, prepare a kind of plant nutrient functional composite material, low density polyethylene (LDPE) not only has good processing performance and stability, it can achieve and heat as substrate preparation plant nutrient functional composite material using low density polyethylene (LDPE), water conservation, fertilizer conservation, it is precocious, it is pest-resistant, diseases prevention, frost protection, inhibit all multiactions such as weed growth, soil hydrogen part can be promoted to decompose simultaneously, to be conducive to plant growth, greatly improve crop yield, and expand the area crop Shi Zuo, further increase whole agricultural benefit, simultaneously, the group of easy fracture cellulose and starch is introduced in low density polyethylene (LDPE) high polymer main chain, it is set to achieve the effect that voluntarily to degrade in farmland ecosystem, after such group is added, finally assimilated by soil, to reach the pollution reduced to environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of preparation methods of plant nutrient functional composite material, belong to soil technology field.
Background technique
Plant nutrient functional material is such as discarded using the industrial chemicals of waste, industrial by-products and cheap environmental protection
Plastics, black liquid, domestic sludge, weathered coal, coal traitor stone, bamboo vinegar etc. pass through microemulsified, high shear, chemical polymerization (contracting
Close) reaction and nano material technology made of nanometer-submicron level profile material, have regulation nutrient release rate, improve soil
The functions such as micro-ecological environment.It can be applied to slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer film, Desertification Soil repair materials and organic fertilizer and be granulated bonding
The agricultural such as agent and ecosphere.
Slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer is to improve utilization rate of fertilizer, economize on resources, reduce energy consumption and mitigate mainly arranging for environmental pressure
One of apply, however there are many bottlenecks for production at present:
(1) slow-release fertilizer innovation ability inadequate natural endowment: resin slow-release material is taken from coating, and equipment borrows medical industry bottom spraying type stream
Change bed, only technology transplant or the innovation for the property used for reference, original innovation is insufficient, and medicine and fertilizer demand amount and dosage be not one
On a order of magnitude, being doomed from the beginning can not large-scale production.
Due to being not added with bleeding agent in resin and sulphur expansion, there are gaps between lapping and granular urea, in recent years,
Japan punches on urea, produces little effect.
Membrane material ecological safety environmental performance: Organic polymer film materials property is stablized, and resin is difficult to degrade in the soil,
Degradative phase is up to 30-50: sulphur plinth is first converted into sulfuric acid in the soil, changes soil microenvironment.
The slow-release controlled-release performance indicator of fertilizer is poor: Nitrogen releasing lags in the soil for resin and sulphur coated urea, with
Crop needs fertilizer asynchronous, still causes nitrogen loss.
Material fringe cost is high:: membrane material is expensive, the cost 10000-25000 member of coated fertilizer per ton, to make
The cost price of slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer rises 700-1000 yuan/ton, it is difficult to the large-area applications on field crop.
Sand-fixation, water-keeping agent functional material
(1) Desertification Soil reparation uses sand-consolidating agent or water-retaining agent, and material property is relatively simple, and sand-consolidating agent water holding capacity is poor,
Water-retaining agent fixes the sand, and performance is weak, and shortage takes into account solid soil, water conservation both at home and abroad, and improvement soil assigns fertile multifunctional material or system in one
Agent.
Material cost is higher, and no matter the also sufficient water-retaining agent price of sufficient sand-consolidating agent is bottleneck, and sand-consolidating agent cost is greater than 5
Member/m2, 20,000 yuan/t or more of water-retaining agent, agricultural and ecological environment field be difficult to be widely applied.
The production of sand-fixation, water-keeping functional material is not matched, it is difficult to promote and apply with using disconnecting using technology.
Chemical fertilizer utilization rate is low, barren have become of dyskinetic soil productivity restricts agricultural production, threatens grain security
Key factor, novel plant nutrient functional material are applied to desertification reparation and the dedicated slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer production of novel crop,
As agriculture field resources effective utilization, the mainstream of environmental-friendly new material technology.
For outstanding problem existing for current slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer also membrane material and sand-fixation, water-keeping agent functional material, coating material
Expect slow-release controlled-release performance it is good, degradable, at low cost, preparation process is simple, it is environmentally friendly be slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer coated fertilizer
Developing direction, and sand-fixation, water-keeping functional material is cheap, integrate and fix the sand, be retained that assign the multifunctionality of fertilizer be that it grinds
Study carefully developing direction.
Summary of the invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention: it is poor for the slow-release controlled-release performance indicator of Organic polymer film materials,
Nitrogen releasing lags in the soil for resin and sulphur coated urea, needs fertilizer asynchronous with crop, still causes nitrogen loss.Desert
Change land remediation and use sand-consolidating agent or water-retaining agent, material property is relatively simple, and sand-consolidating agent water holding capacity is poor, fixing the sand property of water-retaining agent
Can it is weak, both at home and abroad lack take into account it is solid soil, water conservation, improvement soil, assign fertilizer in one multifunctional material or preparation the problem of, provide
A kind of preparation method of plant nutrient functional composite material.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that:
(1) potato starch is added in deionized water, with the stirring of 200 ~ 250r/min revolving speed under 60 ~ 80 DEG C of water bath condition
It is gelatinized 60 ~ 80min, obtains gelatinized starch；
(2) gelatinized starch is cooled to 30 ~ 40 DEG C, pH to 3 ~ 4 is adjusted, and dehydrated alcohol is added, with 250 ~ 300r/min revolving speed
30 ~ 40min is stirred, starch mixture is obtained；
(3) starch mixture is cooled to room temperature, adjusts pH to 7, obtains crosslinked starch；
(4) chitosan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resin, crosslinked starch, low density polyethylene (LDPE) are placed in blender, room temperature
Under with 280 ~ 300 be stirred 20 ~ 30min, obtain mixture；
(5) mixture is placed in 10 ~ 12min of injection molding in injection molding machine, then is placed in pelletizer and is granulated, it is multiple to obtain plant nutrient functionality
Condensation material.
The low density polyethylene (LDPE), chitosan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resin, potato starch, dehydrated alcohol,
40 ~ 60 parts of low density polyethylene (LDPE)s of parts by weight of deionized water, 20 ~ 30 parts of chitosan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resins, 16 ~ 24
Part potato starch, 12 ~ 18 parts of dehydrated alcohols, 32 ~ 48 parts of deionized waters.
PH described in step (2) adjusts the hydrochloric acid using mass concentration 1%.
PH described in step (3) adjusts the ammonium hydroxide using mass concentration 1%.
Injecting condition described in step (5) is 40 ~ 50 DEG C, 8 ~ 10MPa.
The specific preparation step of chitosan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resin described in step (4) are as follows:
(1) acrylic acid is added in deionized water, 10 ~ 12min is stirred with 160 ~ 180r/min revolving speed under room temperature, it is molten to obtain acrylic acid
Liquid；
(2) stalk fibre, chitosan, potassium peroxydisulfate, vinyltriethoxysilane are added in acrylic acid solution, at 50 ~ 60 DEG C
Water bath condition under 40 ~ 60min is stirred to react with 300 ~ 320r/min revolving speed, obtain chitosan composite stalk fiber super absorbent resin
Rouge.
The stalk fibre, chitosan, acrylic acid, potassium peroxydisulfate, vinyltriethoxysilane, deionized water weight
Amount part is 40 ~ 60 parts of stalk fibres, 20 ~ 30 parts of chitosans, 12 ~ 18 parts of acrylic acid, 0.2 ~ 0.4 part of potassium peroxydisulfate, 0.4 ~ 0.6 part
Vinyltriethoxysilane, 80 ~ 120 parts of deionized waters.
The specific preparation step of stalk fibre described in step (2) are as follows:
(1) corn stover is placed in pulverizer, 12 ~ 16min is crushed with 120 ~ 160r/min revolving speed under room temperature, obtains straw powder
End；
(2) hydrogen peroxide is added in deionized water, 2 ~ 4min is stirred with 100 ~ 120r/min revolving speed under room temperature, obtains hydrogen peroxide
Solution；
(3) stalk powder being added in hydrogenperoxide steam generator, the sodium hydroxide solution that mass concentration 10% is added dropwise adjusts pH to 12,
30 ~ 40min is stirred to react with 200 ~ 240r/min revolving speed under room temperature, obtains mixed liquor；
(4) mixed liquor is stood into 2 ~ 4min, the salt acid for adjusting pH of mass concentration 10% is added dropwise to 7, filtering takes filter cake, with anhydrous second
Alcohol washs 3 ~ 5 times, then is washed with deionized 1 ~ 3 time, obtains the solid of washing；
(5) solid of washing is placed in baking oven, dry 2 ~ 4h, obtains stalk fibre under conditions of 50 ~ 60 DEG C.
The corn stover, hydrogen peroxide, deionized water parts by weight be 60 ~ 80 parts of corn stovers, 1.2 ~ 1.6 parts of mistakes
Hydrogen oxide, 120 ~ 160 parts of deionized waters.
The present invention is compared with other methods, and advantageous effects are:
(1) present invention prepares a kind of plant nutrient functional composite material using low density polyethylene (LDPE) as basis material, and low-density is poly-
Ethylene is a kind of linear unsaturated hydrocarbon, and inertia is very big, does not have any toxicity to environment, low density polyethylene (LDPE) not only has
Good processing performance and stability, more standby high-intensitive, anti-cracking of wearing well, heat sealing property is outstanding, using low density polyethylene (LDPE) as base
Material preparation plant nutrient functional composite material can achieve heat, be retained, fertilizer conservation, precocity, pest-resistant, diseases prevention, frost protection, inhibition
All multiactions such as weed growth, while soil hydrogen part can be promoted to decompose, to be conducive to plant growth, greatly improves and make produce
Amount, and expand the area crop Shi Zuo, whole agricultural benefit is further increased, using low density polyethylene (LDPE) as primary raw material, meanwhile, low
The group that easy fracture cellulose and starch are introduced in density polyethylene high polymer main chain, reaches it in farmland ecosystem certainly
The effect of row degradation after a period of time, molecule will appear phenomenon of rupture, and is gradually broken into broken after such group is added
Piece or powder, are finally assimilated by soil, to reach the pollution reduced to environment；
(2) present invention prepares chitosan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resin, high water absorption using chitosan and stalk fibre as raw material
Property resin be it is a kind of with excellent water absorbency and water retentivity and with micro- cross-linked three D network structure new function macromolecule
Material due to containing a large amount of strongly hydrophilic group in its molecule, and has the molecular expansion performance of polyelectrolyte, together
When, due to its unique micro- cross-linked three D network structure, the further expansion of molecule can be hindered, so that resin is only molten in water
Swollen insoluble, its absorption forms gelatinous substance after being equivalent to own wt hundreds times or thousands of times of water, and applies to it
The moisture for adding certain pressure to be absorbed will not be spilt, and can also repeat its after the jello after water suction is dried again
Water absorbing properties, as moisture constantly enters the inside of high hydroscopic resin, the concentration of internal cation is constantly reduced, Gao Ju
Osmotic pressure inside and outside object network is steadily decreasing, and high-absorbent material constantly absorbs moisture expansion, and three-dimensional net structure is continuous
Expansion, the convergent force between corresponding network structure also constantly increase, big when the convergent force between high hydroscopic resin network structure
The small electrostatic repulsion forces between anion it is equal in magnitude when, it is flat that the water swelling process of resin has just reached a dynamic
Weighing apparatus, to effectively improve the water-retaining property of composite material, chitosan has good antibiotic property, degradability and biocompatibility etc.
The fixing the sand property of composite material can be improved in excellent properties, stalk fibre.
Specific embodiment
According to parts by weight, respectively weigh 60 ~ 80 parts of corn stovers, 1.2 ~ 1.6 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 120 ~ 160 parts go from
Sub- water, corn stover is placed in pulverizer, is crushed 12 ~ 16min under room temperature with 120 ~ 160r/min revolving speed, is obtained stalk powder,
Hydrogen peroxide is added in deionized water, 2 ~ 4min is stirred with 100 ~ 120r/min revolving speed under room temperature, obtains hydrogenperoxide steam generator, it will
Stalk powder is added in hydrogenperoxide steam generator, and the sodium hydroxide solution that mass concentration 10% is added dropwise adjusts pH to 12, under room temperature with
200 ~ 240r/min revolving speed is stirred to react 30 ~ 40min, obtains mixed liquor, and mixed liquor is stood 2 ~ 4min, mass concentration 10% is added dropwise
Salt acid for adjusting pH to 7, filtering takes filter cake, is washed 3 ~ 5 times with dehydrated alcohol, then be washed with deionized 1 ~ 3 time, must wash
Solid, the solid of washing is placed in baking oven, dry 2 ~ 4h, obtains stalk fibre under conditions of 50 ~ 60 DEG C；Again by weight
Number meter, respectively weigh 40 ~ 60 parts of stalk fibres, 20 ~ 30 parts of chitosans, 12 ~ 18 parts of acrylic acid, 0.2 ~ 0.4 part of potassium peroxydisulfate,
0.4 ~ 0.6 part of vinyltriethoxysilane, 80 ~ 120 parts of deionized waters, by acrylic acid be added deionized water in, under room temperature with
160 ~ 180r/min revolving speed stirs 10 ~ 12min, acrylic acid solution is obtained, by stalk fibre, chitosan, potassium peroxydisulfate, vinyl three
Ethoxysilane is added in acrylic acid solution, 40 are stirred to react under 50 ~ 60 DEG C of water bath condition with 300 ~ 320r/min revolving speed ~
60min obtains chitosan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resin；Again according to parts by weight, 40 ~ 60 parts of low density polyethylenes are weighed respectively
Alkene, 20 ~ 30 parts of chitosan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resins, 16 ~ 24 parts of potato starch, 12 ~ 18 parts of dehydrated alcohols, 32 ~
Potato starch is added in deionized water 48 parts of deionized waters, is turned under 60 ~ 80 DEG C of water bath condition with 200 ~ 250r/min
Speed stirring 60 ~ 80min of gelatinization, obtains gelatinized starch, gelatinized starch is cooled to 30 ~ 40 DEG C, the hydrochloric acid tune of mass concentration 1% is added dropwise
PH to 3 ~ 4 is saved, and dehydrated alcohol is added, 30 ~ 40min is stirred with 250 ~ 300r/min revolving speed, starch mixture is obtained, starch is mixed
It closes object to be cooled to room temperature, the ammonium hydroxide that mass concentration 1% is added dropwise adjusts pH to 7, crosslinked starch is obtained, by chitosan composite stalk fiber
High hydroscopic resin, crosslinked starch, low density polyethylene (LDPE) are placed in blender, are stirred 20 ~ 30min under room temperature with 280 ~ 300,
Mixture is obtained, mixture is placed in injection molding machine, 10 ~ 12min is molded under conditions of 40 ~ 50 DEG C, 8 ~ 10MPa, then be placed in and make
It is granulated in grain machine, obtains plant nutrient functional composite material.
According to parts by weight, 60 parts of corn stovers, 1.2 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 120 parts of deionized waters are weighed respectively, by corn
Stalk is placed in pulverizer, under room temperature with 120r/min revolving speed crush 12min, obtain stalk powder, by hydrogen peroxide addition go from
In sub- water, 2min is stirred with 100r/min revolving speed under room temperature, hydrogenperoxide steam generator is obtained, hydrogenperoxide steam generator is added in stalk powder
In, the sodium hydroxide solution that mass concentration 10% is added dropwise adjusts pH to 12,30min is stirred to react with 200r/min revolving speed under room temperature,
Mixed liquor is obtained, mixed liquor is stood into 2min, the salt acid for adjusting pH of mass concentration 10% is added dropwise to 7, filtering takes filter cake, with anhydrous second
Alcohol washs 3 times, then is washed with deionized 1 time, obtains the solid of washing, the solid of washing is placed in baking oven, in 50 DEG C of item
Dry 2h, obtains stalk fibre under part；Again according to parts by weight, 40 parts of stalk fibres, 20 parts of chitosans, 12 parts of propylene are weighed respectively
Acrylic acid is added in deionized water for acid, 0.2 part of potassium peroxydisulfate, 0.4 part of vinyltriethoxysilane, 80 parts of deionized waters,
10min is stirred with 160r/min revolving speed under room temperature, acrylic acid solution is obtained, by stalk fibre, chitosan, potassium peroxydisulfate, vinyl
Triethoxysilane is added in acrylic acid solution, is stirred to react 40min under 50 DEG C of water bath condition with 300r/min revolving speed, obtains
Chitosan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resin；Again according to parts by weight, it is poly- that 40 parts of low density polyethylene (LDPE)s, 20 parts of shells are weighed respectively
Sugared composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resin, 16 parts of potato starch, 12 parts of dehydrated alcohols, 32 parts of deionized waters, potato is formed sediment
Powder is added in deionized water, stirs gelatinization 60min under 60 DEG C of water bath condition with 200r/min revolving speed, obtains gelatinized starch, will
Gelatinized starch is cooled to 30 DEG C, the salt acid for adjusting pH of mass concentration 1% is added dropwise to 3, and dehydrated alcohol is added, is turned with 250r/min
Speed stirring 30min, obtain starch mixture, starch mixture be cooled to room temperature, be added dropwise mass concentration 1% ammonium hydroxide adjust pH to
7, crosslinked starch is obtained, chitosan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resin, crosslinked starch, low density polyethylene (LDPE) are placed in blender
In, it is stirred 20min with 280 under room temperature, obtains mixture, mixture is placed in injection molding machine, under conditions of 40 DEG C, 8MPa
It is molded 10min, then is placed in pelletizer and is granulated, obtains plant nutrient functional composite material.
According to parts by weight, 70 parts of corn stovers, 1.4 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 140 parts of deionized waters are weighed respectively, by corn
Stalk is placed in pulverizer, under room temperature with 140r/min revolving speed crush 14min, obtain stalk powder, by hydrogen peroxide addition go from
In sub- water, 3min is stirred with 1120r/min revolving speed under room temperature, obtains hydrogenperoxide steam generator, it is molten that hydrogen peroxide is added in stalk powder
In liquid, the sodium hydroxide solution that mass concentration 10% is added dropwise adjusts pH to 12, is stirred to react under room temperature with 220r/min revolving speed
35min obtains mixed liquor, and mixed liquor is stood 3min, the salt acid for adjusting pH of mass concentration 10% is added dropwise to 7, filtering takes filter cake, uses
Dehydrated alcohol washs 4 times, then is washed with deionized 2 times, obtains the solid of washing, the solid of washing is placed in baking oven, 55
Dry 3h, obtains stalk fibre under conditions of DEG C；Again according to parts by weight, 50 parts of stalk fibres, 25 parts of chitosans, 15 are weighed respectively
Part acrylic acid, 0.3 part of potassium peroxydisulfate, 0.5 part of vinyltriethoxysilane, 100 parts of deionized waters, by acrylic acid addition go from
In sub- water, under room temperature with 170r/min revolving speed stir 11min, obtain acrylic acid solution, by stalk fibre, chitosan, potassium peroxydisulfate,
Vinyltriethoxysilane is added in acrylic acid solution, is stirred to react under 55 DEG C of water bath condition with 310r/min revolving speed
50min obtains chitosan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resin；Again according to parts by weight, respectively weigh 50 parts of low density polyethylene (LDPE)s,
25 parts of chitosan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resins, 20 parts of potato starch, 15 parts of dehydrated alcohols, 40 parts of deionized waters, will
Potato starch is added in deionized water, stirs gelatinization 70min under 70 DEG C of water bath condition with 225r/min revolving speed, must be gelatinized
Gelatinized starch is cooled to 35 DEG C by starch, the salt acid for adjusting pH of mass concentration 1% is added dropwise to 3.5, and dehydrated alcohol is added, with
275r/min revolving speed stirs 35min, obtains starch mixture, starch mixture is cooled to room temperature, and the ammonia of mass concentration 1% is added dropwise
Water adjusts pH to 7, obtains crosslinked starch, chitosan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resin, crosslinked starch, low density polyethylene (LDPE) are set
In blender, it is stirred 25min with 290 under room temperature, obtains mixture, mixture is placed in injection molding machine, in 45 DEG C, 9MPa
Under conditions of be molded 10 ~ 12min, then be placed in pelletizer and be granulated, obtain plant nutrient functional composite material.
According to parts by weight, 80 parts of corn stovers, 1.6 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 160 parts of deionized waters are weighed respectively, by corn
Stalk is placed in pulverizer, under room temperature with 160r/min revolving speed crush 16min, obtain stalk powder, by hydrogen peroxide addition go from
In sub- water, 4min is stirred with 120r/min revolving speed under room temperature, hydrogenperoxide steam generator is obtained, hydrogenperoxide steam generator is added in stalk powder
In, the sodium hydroxide solution that mass concentration 10% is added dropwise adjusts pH to 12,40min is stirred to react with 240r/min revolving speed under room temperature,
Mixed liquor is obtained, mixed liquor is stood into 4min, the salt acid for adjusting pH of mass concentration 10% is added dropwise to 7, filtering takes filter cake, with anhydrous second
Alcohol washs 5 times, then is washed with deionized 3 times, obtains the solid of washing, the solid of washing is placed in baking oven, in 60 DEG C of item
Dry 4h, obtains stalk fibre under part；Again according to parts by weight, 60 parts of stalk fibres, 30 parts of chitosans, 18 parts of propylene are weighed respectively
Acid, 0.4 part of potassium peroxydisulfate, 0.6 part of vinyltriethoxysilane, 120 parts of deionized waters, are added deionized water for acrylic acid
In, 12min is stirred with 180r/min revolving speed under room temperature, acrylic acid solution is obtained, by stalk fibre, chitosan, potassium peroxydisulfate, ethylene
Ethyl triethoxy silicane alkane is added in acrylic acid solution, is stirred to react 60min under 60 DEG C of water bath condition with 320r/min revolving speed,
Obtain chitosan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resin；Again according to parts by weight, 60 parts of low density polyethylene (LDPE)s, 30 parts of shells are weighed respectively
Glycan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resin, 24 parts of potato starch, 18 parts of dehydrated alcohols, 48 parts of deionized waters, by potato
Starch is added in deionized water, stirs gelatinization 80min under 80 DEG C of water bath condition with 250r/min revolving speed, obtains gelatinized starch,
Gelatinized starch is cooled to 40 DEG C, the salt acid for adjusting pH of mass concentration 1% is added dropwise to 4, and dehydrated alcohol is added, with 300r/min
Revolving speed stirs 40min, obtains starch mixture, starch mixture is cooled to room temperature, and the ammonium hydroxide that mass concentration 1% is added dropwise adjusts pH
To 7, crosslinked starch is obtained, chitosan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resin, crosslinked starch, low density polyethylene (LDPE) are placed in blender
In, it is stirred 30min with 300 under room temperature, obtains mixture, mixture is placed in injection molding machine, in 50 DEG C, the condition of 10MPa
Lower injection molding 12min, then be placed in pelletizer and be granulated, obtain plant nutrient functional composite material.
Plant nutrient functional composite material prepared by the present invention and commercially available common plant nutrient material are detected, had
Body testing result is as follows:
Performance test:
Urea is compounded with plant nutrient functional composite material prepared by the present invention with mass ratio 20:1；
Nutrient release amount measurement
Using 7 days Determination by Stripping fertilizer primary dissolution rates and differential solubility.
The test of plant nutrient effect uses " different grain speed change " nutrient slow/controlled release technique, different according to wheat, corn, rice
Ox educates the phase to the demand percentage (on the basis of N) of nutrient, according to different materials sustained release performance and in the soil must discharge rule
Rule combines different plant nutrient functional composite materials blending uniformly in proportion, is prepared into nutrient release rate and wheat, jade
The dedicated slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer that demand of the phase to nutrient is coincide substantially is respectively educated in rice and rice life.
Slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer is studied to northeast corn, North China Wheat Maize Rotation, middle and lower reach of Yangtze River wheat-rice plant
Nutrition effect, the results showed that the dedicated slowly/controlled releasing fertilizer of field crop provides and crop in corn, wheat, growth period duration of rice
The balanced nitrogen of growth demand phase, each region yield increased compared with habits fertilization processing, apparent grain yield, the Middle East
Northern corn yield increasing 3%-5%, North China wheat+corn is comprehensive to increase 3%-5%, the comprehensive volume increase 5-8% of In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River wheat+rice.
1 plant nutrient functional composite material performance characterization of table
Plant nutrient functional composite material prepared by the present invention as shown in Table 1, primary dissolution rate and differential solubility are low, sustained release
Performance is good, and crop yield has certain amplification.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of preparation method of plant nutrient functional composite material, which is characterized in that specific preparation step are as follows:
(1) potato starch is added in deionized water, with the stirring of 200 ~ 250r/min revolving speed under 60 ~ 80 DEG C of water bath condition
It is gelatinized 60 ~ 80min, obtains gelatinized starch；
(2) gelatinized starch is cooled to 30 ~ 40 DEG C, pH to 3 ~ 4 is adjusted, and dehydrated alcohol is added, with 250 ~ 300r/min revolving speed
30 ~ 40min is stirred, starch mixture is obtained；
(3) starch mixture is cooled to room temperature, adjusts pH to 7, obtains crosslinked starch；
(4) chitosan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resin, crosslinked starch, low density polyethylene (LDPE) are placed in blender, room temperature
Under with 280 ~ 300 be stirred 20 ~ 30min, obtain mixture；
(5) mixture is placed in 10 ~ 12min of injection molding in injection molding machine, then is placed in pelletizer and is granulated, it is multiple to obtain plant nutrient functionality
Condensation material.
2. a kind of preparation method of plant nutrient functional composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Low density polyethylene (LDPE), chitosan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resin, potato starch, dehydrated alcohol, deionized water weight
40 ~ 60 parts of low density polyethylene (LDPE)s of part, 20 ~ 30 parts of chitosan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resins, 16 ~ 24 portions of potatos are measured to form sediment
Powder, 12 ~ 18 parts of dehydrated alcohols, 32 ~ 48 parts of deionized waters.
3. a kind of preparation method of plant nutrient functional composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(2) pH described in adjusts the hydrochloric acid using mass concentration 1%.
4. a kind of preparation method of plant nutrient functional composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(3) pH described in adjusts the ammonium hydroxide using mass concentration 1%.
5. a kind of preparation method of plant nutrient functional composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(5) injecting condition described in is 40 ~ 50 DEG C, 8 ~ 10MPa.
6. a kind of preparation method of plant nutrient functional composite material according to claim 1, which is characterized in that step
(4) the specific preparation step of the chitosan composite stalk fiber high hydroscopic resin described in are as follows:
(1) acrylic acid is added in deionized water, 10 ~ 12min is stirred with 160 ~ 180r/min revolving speed under room temperature, it is molten to obtain acrylic acid
Liquid；
(2) stalk fibre, chitosan, potassium peroxydisulfate, vinyltriethoxysilane are added in acrylic acid solution, at 50 ~ 60 DEG C
Water bath condition under 40 ~ 60min is stirred to react with 300 ~ 320r/min revolving speed, obtain chitosan composite stalk fiber super absorbent resin
Rouge.
7. a kind of preparation method of plant nutrient functional composite material according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described
Stalk fibre, chitosan, acrylic acid, potassium peroxydisulfate, vinyltriethoxysilane, the parts by weight of deionized water be 40 ~ 60
Part stalk fibre, 20 ~ 30 parts of chitosans, 12 ~ 18 parts of acrylic acid, 0.2 ~ 0.4 part of potassium peroxydisulfate, 0.4 ~ 0.6 part of three second of vinyl
Oxysilane, 80 ~ 120 parts of deionized waters.
8. a kind of preparation method of plant nutrient functional composite material according to claim 6, which is characterized in that step
(2) the specific preparation step of the stalk fibre described in are as follows:
(1) corn stover is placed in pulverizer, 12 ~ 16min is crushed with 120 ~ 160r/min revolving speed under room temperature, obtains straw powder
End；
(2) hydrogen peroxide is added in deionized water, 2 ~ 4min is stirred with 100 ~ 120r/min revolving speed under room temperature, obtains hydrogen peroxide
Solution；
(3) stalk powder being added in hydrogenperoxide steam generator, the sodium hydroxide solution that mass concentration 10% is added dropwise adjusts pH to 12,
30 ~ 40min is stirred to react with 200 ~ 240r/min revolving speed under room temperature, obtains mixed liquor；
(4) mixed liquor is stood into 2 ~ 4min, the salt acid for adjusting pH of mass concentration 10% is added dropwise to 7, filtering takes filter cake, with anhydrous second
Alcohol washs 3 ~ 5 times, then is washed with deionized 1 ~ 3 time, obtains the solid of washing；
(5) solid of washing is placed in baking oven, dry 2 ~ 4h, obtains stalk fibre under conditions of 50 ~ 60 DEG C.
9. a kind of preparation method of plant nutrient functional composite material according to claim 8, which is characterized in that described
Corn stover, hydrogen peroxide, deionized water parts by weight be 60 ~ 80 parts of corn stovers, 1.2 ~ 1.6 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 120 ~
160 parts of deionized waters.
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