CN1403496A - 以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料，各组分和百分比含量分别是，淀粉52.08～76.92％，聚丙乙烯10.07～24.60％，聚乙烯2.42～10.17％，成核剂0.63～3.54％，能改善制品透明度的成核剂0.08～0.60％，耐久性增塑剂0.23～1.79％，耐候性增塑剂1.55～4.17％，抗氧剂0.38～1.80％，稳定剂0.39～2.38％，防水剂0.78～2.63％，吸湿剂0.77～2.40％，润滑剂0.78～2.98％，脱模剂0.23～1.79％。制备方法是将淀粉和聚丙乙烯、聚乙烯加入高速混合机进行混合，再将其它组分加入高速混合机进行高速混合，放料进入冷却混合机进行冷却运行，出料，将粉料送入全降解仿纸片材挤出成型设备制成片材。组分新颖，制备简单，特别是无毒、无公害，可完全生物降解，焚烧后无熔滴物。可用于制作各种一次性包装容器或其它制品，还可作为各种一次性图文信息的印制载体。
Description
技术领域 本发明涉及淀粉、直链淀粉或支链淀粉或它们的衍生物或降解产物的组合物，以及含有高分子物质的薄膜或片材的制造，尤其涉及一种以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料及其制备方法。
背景技术 现有广泛用于包装业的塑料，不能自降解，其废弃物严重污染人类和动植物的生存环境。在石油化学塑料中掺入淀粉一类的天然可降解大分子，可以缩短塑料降解的周期，其实只是在外形上破碎。目前，尚未见有真正的全降解塑料。另一种以完全可降解的天然纤维素材料制成的纸容器，存在耐水性、耐油性差，成本高，强度低的缺陷，应用范围有限，而且，纸制品的生产对水和大气的污染，比塑料制品的生产要严重几倍或几十倍。
发明内容 为弥补现有技术存在的缺陷，本发明提出一种以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料及其制备方法。采用的技术方案如下：
这种以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料，成品厚度为0.25～2.50毫米，其特征是各组分和百分比含量分别是：
淀粉52.08～76.92％；
聚丙乙烯10.07～24.60％；
聚乙烯2.42～10.17％；
成核剂0.63～3.54％；
能改善制品透明度的成核剂0.08～0.60％；
耐久性增塑剂0.23～1.79％；
耐候性增塑剂(即抗冻剂)1.55～4.17％；
抗氧剂0.38～1.80％；
稳定剂0.39～2.38％；
防水剂0.78～2.63％；
吸湿剂0.77～2.40％；
润滑剂0.78～2.98％；
脱模剂0.23～1.79％。
这种以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料的进一步特征是：
淀粉可以是玉米淀粉，也可以是马铃薯淀粉，还可以是稻麦淀粉；
成核剂可以是尿素，即碳酰胺，也可以是ε-己内酰胺；
能改善制品透明度的成核剂是取代二(苯亚甲基)山梨醇；
耐久性增塑剂是聚脂增塑剂；
耐候性增塑剂(即抗冻剂)可以是环氧大豆油，也可以是甘油，还可以是复合甘油；
抗氧剂可以是2，2-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)，即抗氧剂2246，也可以是三(2，4-二叔丁基苯)亚磷酸脂，即抗氧剂168，还可以是四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)苯丙酸]季戊四醇酯，即抗氧剂1010；
稳定剂、吸湿剂可以分别是硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钙，也可以分别是硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌；
防水剂可以是微晶蜡，也可以是石蜡；
润滑剂是滑石粉；
脱模剂是硬脂酸。
以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料的制备方法，其特征是依次有以下工序：(1)将淀粉和聚丙乙烯、聚乙烯加入高速混合机进行混合，运行时间为1～2分钟，高速混合机转速为80～120转/分钟，机内温度为95～120℃；(2)再将成核剂、能改善制品透明度的成核剂、耐久性增塑剂、耐候性增塑剂、抗氧剂、稳定剂、防水剂、吸湿剂、润滑剂和脱模剂，加入高速混合机进行高速混合，运行时间为25～35分钟，高速混合机转速为700～860转/分钟；(3)放料进入冷却混合机进行冷却，运行时间为5～10分钟，冷却混合机转速为50～100转/分钟；(4)出料，即得到所需粉料；(5)将粉料计量送入由双螺杆挤出机、带有与机筒相连接的增压连接组件的衣架式机头模具、三辊压光机、切边组件、冷却组件、牵引机和收卷机组成的全降解仿纸片材挤出成型设备，双螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速为300～400转/分钟，机内各职能段的温度分别为140～185℃，整个过程依序为输送混炼、剪切塑化、脱水排气、增压挤出、压光切边、冷却牵引和收卷成品。
本发明以具有良好生物降解性能的高分子化合物——淀粉为主要成分，加入可生物降解的聚合物，在特定的温度、压力下混炼，并在混合体中添加成核剂、增塑剂、抗氧剂、稳定剂、防水剂、吸湿剂、润滑剂和脱模剂，通过物理与化学改性，进行分子结构修饰与自组复合，从耐高温、耐水、耐油、耐渗漏、抗冲击强度、不变形、柔韧性等方面，提高其适用性能，并使其在生物环境中被腐蚀、吸收、降解、磨损和失效，从而达到全降解的目的。
本发明对照现有技术的有益效果是，组分新颖，配料科学，制备简单，成本较低，特别是无毒、无公害，可完全生物降解，废弃后可用作堆肥，也可作为蘑菇类食用菌或其它无土栽培物的培养基组分，焚烧后为白色灰烬，无熔滴物。本发明的仿纸材料耐热性、耐水性、耐油性好，可热压成型，可广泛应用于制作各种一次性包装容器尤其是食品容器，或其它制品，本发明的仿纸材料耐候性、适印性佳，还可广泛作为各种一次性图文信息尤其是广告的印制载体。
具体实施方式
一种以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料
该全降解仿纸材料，以玉米淀粉为基料，成品厚度为0.50毫米，各组分和百分比含量分别是，玉米淀粉62％，聚丙乙烯20％，聚乙烯7％，碳酰胺1.8％，取代二(苯亚甲基)山梨醇(即成核剂TM-3)0.2％，环氧大豆油2.5％，聚脂增塑剂0.65％，抗氧剂2246{即2，2-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)}0.5％，硬脂酸锌0.7％，微晶蜡1.5％，硬脂酸钙1.3％，滑石粉1.0％，硬脂酸0.85％。
一种以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料的制备方法
该全降解仿纸材料的制备方法，依次有以下工序：(1)将玉米淀粉和聚丙乙烯、聚乙烯加入高速混合机进行混合，运行时间为2分钟，高速混合机转速为100转/分钟，机内温度为110℃；(2)再将成核剂、能改善制品透明度的成核剂、耐久性增塑剂、耐候性增塑剂、抗氧剂、稳定剂、防水剂、吸湿剂、润滑剂和脱模剂，加入高速混合机进行高速混合，运行时间为30分钟，高速混合机转速为800转/分钟；(3)放料进入冷却混合机进行冷却，运行时间为8分钟，冷却混合机转速为80转/分钟；(4)出料，即得到所需粉料；(5)将粉料计量送入由双螺杆挤出机、带有与机筒相连接的增压连接组件的衣架式机头模具、三辊压光机、切边组件、冷却组件、牵引机和收卷机组成的全降解仿纸片材挤出成型设备，双螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速为360转/分钟，机内各职能段的温度分别为140～185℃，整个过程依序为输送混炼、剪切塑化、脱水排气、增压挤出、压光切边、冷却牵引和收卷成品。
该成卷仿纸片材用于制作一次性餐具，具有外在感观好，色泽鲜艳，耐高温可达到110℃、耐低温可达到零下18℃，其降解性能优于现有的纸餐盒和纤维餐盒，是快餐行业包装的优选替代材料。
Claims (12)
1、一种以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料，其特征是各组分和百分比含量分别是：淀粉52.08～76.92％，聚丙乙烯10.07～24.60％，聚乙烯2.42～10.17％，成核剂0.63～3.54％，能改善制品透明度的成核剂0.08～0.60％，耐久性增塑剂0.23～1.79％，耐候性增塑剂1.55～4.17％，抗氧剂0.38～1.80％，稳定剂0.39～2.38％，防水剂0.78～2.63％，吸湿剂0.77～2.40％，润滑剂0.78～2.98％，脱模剂0.23～1.79％。
2、根据权利要求1所述的以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料，其特征是淀淀粉可以是玉米淀粉，也可以是马铃薯淀粉，还可以是稻麦淀粉。
3、根据权利要求1所述的以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料，其特征是成核剂可以是尿素，也可以是ε-己内酰胺。
4、根据权利要求1所述的以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料，其特征是能改善制品透明度的成核剂是取代二(苯亚甲基)山梨醇。
5、根据权利要求1所述的以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料，其特征是耐久性增塑剂是聚脂增塑剂。
6、根据权利要求1所述的以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料，其特征是耐候性增塑剂可以是环氧大豆油，也可以是甘油，还可以是复合甘油。
7、根据权利要求1所述的以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料，其特征是抗氧剂可以是2，2-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)，也可以是三(2，4-二叔丁基苯)亚磷酸脂，还可以是四[β-(3，5-二叔丁基-4-羟基)苯丙酸]季戊四醇酯。
8、根据权利要求1所述的以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料，其特征是稳定剂、吸湿剂可以分别是硬脂酸锌、硬脂酸钙，也可以分别是硬脂酸钙、硬脂酸锌。
9、根据权利要求1所述的以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料，其特征是防水剂可以是微晶蜡，也可以是石蜡。
10、根据权利要求1所述的以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料，其特征是润滑剂是滑石粉。
11、根据权利要求1所述的以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料，其特征是脱模剂是硬脂酸。
12、一种以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料的制备方法，其特征是依次有以下工序：
12·1将淀粉和聚丙乙烯、聚乙烯加入高速混合机进行混合，运行时间为1～2分钟，高速混合机转速为80～120转/分钟，机内温度为95～120℃；
12·2再将成核剂、能改善制品透明度的成核剂、耐久性增塑剂、耐候性增塑剂、抗氧剂、稳定剂、防水剂、吸湿剂、润滑剂和脱模剂，加入高速混合机进行高速混合，运行时间为25～35分钟，高速混合机转速为700～860转/分钟；
12·3放料进入冷却混合机进行冷却，运行时间为5～10分钟，冷却混合机转速为50～100转/分钟；
12·4出料，即得到所需粉料；
12·5将粉料计量送入由双螺杆挤出机、带有与机筒相连接的增压连接组件的衣架式机头模具、三辊压光机、切边组件、冷却组件、牵引机和收卷机组成的全降解仿纸片材挤出成型设备，双螺杆挤出机的螺杆转速为300～400转/分钟，机内各职能段的温度分别为140～185℃，整个过程依序为输送混炼、剪切塑化、脱水排气、增压挤出、压光切边、冷却牵引和收卷成品。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CNB021308985A CN1172983C (zh) | 2002-10-28 | 2002-10-28 | 以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料及其制备方法 |
| PCT/CN2003/000908 WO2004037914A1 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2003-10-28 | Completely degradable paper-like material with starch as basic material and its preparation |
| AU2003277471A AU2003277471A1 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2003-10-28 | Completely degradable paper-like material with starch as basic material and its preparation |
| US11/118,226 US20050258567A1 (en) | 2002-10-28 | 2005-04-28 | Completely degradable paper-like material with starch as basic material and its preparation |
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| CNB021308985A CN1172983C (zh) | 2002-10-28 | 2002-10-28 | 以淀粉为基料的全降解仿纸材料及其制备方法 |
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| CN1172983C CN1172983C (zh) | 2004-10-27 |
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| CN (1) | CN1172983C (zh) |
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| WO (1) | WO2004037914A1 (zh) |
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| CN100335544C (zh) * | 2004-12-20 | 2007-09-05 | 陈明忠 | 可生物降解塑料片材及其制备方法 |
| CN100383186C (zh) * | 2003-10-31 | 2008-04-23 | 丁少忠 | 用于塑料成型加工的消湿剂及其制备方法 |
| US20090104314A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2009-04-23 | Dellinger David A | Edible, biodegradable pet food container and packaging method |
| CN102391555A (zh) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-03-28 | 绿成包装集团有限公司 | 钙塑淀粉树脂片材 |
| CN103724674A (zh) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-16 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | 一种淀粉透明填充母料及其制备方法 |
| CN109467752A (zh) * | 2018-10-27 | 2019-03-15 | 林毅平 | 一种淀粉/木质素全降解仿纸材料及其制备方法 |
| CN111635563A (zh) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-08 | 东莞市创新新材料开发有限公司 | 一次性降解的纸材料及其制备方法 |
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| US9718258B2 (en) | 2011-12-20 | 2017-08-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Multi-layered film containing a biopolymer |
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| CN112480533A (zh) * | 2020-11-25 | 2021-03-12 | 浙江绿汐环保科技有限公司 | 淀粉基生物降解材料及其制备方法与应用 |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20090104314A1 (en) * | 2003-06-27 | 2009-04-23 | Dellinger David A | Edible, biodegradable pet food container and packaging method |
| CN100383186C (zh) * | 2003-10-31 | 2008-04-23 | 丁少忠 | 用于塑料成型加工的消湿剂及其制备方法 |
| CN100335544C (zh) * | 2004-12-20 | 2007-09-05 | 陈明忠 | 可生物降解塑料片材及其制备方法 |
| CN102391555A (zh) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-03-28 | 绿成包装集团有限公司 | 钙塑淀粉树脂片材 |
| CN103724674A (zh) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-16 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | 一种淀粉透明填充母料及其制备方法 |
| CN103724674B (zh) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-09-09 | 成都新柯力化工科技有限公司 | 一种淀粉透明填充母料及其制备方法 |
| CN109467752A (zh) * | 2018-10-27 | 2019-03-15 | 林毅平 | 一种淀粉/木质素全降解仿纸材料及其制备方法 |
| CN111635563A (zh) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-09-08 | 东莞市创新新材料开发有限公司 | 一次性降解的纸材料及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20050258567A1 (en) | 2005-11-24 |
| AU2003277471A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 |
| CN1172983C (zh) | 2004-10-27 |
| WO2004037914A1 (en) | 2004-05-06 |
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