CN1377199A - 电信*** - Google Patents
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- G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
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Abstract
在一个电信***例如全球移动电话网络中其中每一用户单元都包括一个用户识别模块(SIM卡),每一个SIM卡都具有许多数据可以通过用无线电进入其中的固定存储位置(22),一些存储位置(22)不能从用户单元进行改写,但可通过输入与该存储位置相连的简单短码从中存取。另外的固定存储位置(24)仅在用户输入个人识别号码时能够通过无线电读出。锁定控制文件(27,28)分别用于控制对存储位置(22,24)的读写访问。
Description
本申请是1996年1月17日提交的申请号为94192802.0,题目为“电信***”的专利申请的分案申请。
本发明涉及一种电信***。尤其涉及但不是仅限于一种例如蜂窝移动无线电或电话***这样的移动通信***。
这种***中的最新技术引入了用户标识模块(SIM卡),这是些可释放地***移动电话并在存储器中装有用户标识,即他的电话号码的集成电路卡。这些大家都知道的SIM卡还有一个能够存储一定量的字母数字字符的滚动缓存器。缓存器使用短消息服务(SMS),其中一条发向一个用户或一群特定用户的消息可以用现代的无线寻呼方式用无线电进行。一部移动电话只要有空或处于待接通状态,就能收到这些消息。但是,如果收到的消息是条可能会溢出缓存器的消息,数据就根据先进先出的原则被丢失。
US-A-5 127 040叙述了一种用于将预存电话号码远距离装入移动电话单元的方法和装置,此号码可以被用户在以后重新呼叫和使用。
EP-A-0 459 344叙述了一种在通信***的远地终端向卸载及执行软件的方法。
WO-A-91/12698公开了一种具有SIM卡的移动无线电话,SIM卡上编有只特许使用某些确定的服务的程序。这种编程可直接进行,而不是从远端进行。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种更有效的并可远距离再组合的SIM卡。
从一个方面看,本发明在一个电信***中包括:至少一个主站和多个用户单元,这个或每个主站可向至少一部用户单元发射消息,每一部用户单元都具有许许多多的固定存储位置以及一个检测报文消息以及响应消的检测将消息存储在固定存储位置中选定的一个装置,所述用户单元不能从用户单元写入,但所要时可由用户单元存取,其特征在于每个用户单元包括响应从主站发射的指令,可选择地使能或禁止所述固定存储位置被主站或用户单元改写或读取的装置。
在本说明以及所附权利要求中,“固定”存储位置是指数据可以写入其中的位置,不包括先进先出的或循环缓存器。在某个“固定”存储位置中写满所有数据的情况虽然可能出现,但与目前的SMS缓存器所碰到的先进先出丢失数据是不同的。
这样,例如说,一组全都带有识别用字母数字标识符(tag)的电话号码能够发射到SIM卡,使用户很容易访问常用的服务,例如旅馆、租车处或航空预约。这一性能叫做增值服务目录。
一条消息可以由用户通过输入简单的短码进入用户单元而检索到每一个存储单元对应于一个特定的码。一条消息可以是一个电话号码,并且在存入之后能够通过外界改写最好,这个或每一个主站可发射一个对存在用户单元里的信息请求。此信息可以包括在一条消息中,也可以是存在固定存储位置里只在用户输入一个个人识别号码(PIN号码)时才能存取的信息。该信息可以包括有关用户的信贷详情,例如是一个信用***的状况,这样,就大大便利了在电话上进行***交易。利用本发明的这一性质,信用帐户的持有者就不必口述其帐户详情,而只需输入指示的PIN号码即可。
主站可以发射锁定和或解锁用户单元上一个存储位置的指令,可以发射运行储存于用户单元的存储位置中的程序的指令。主站可以向用户单元发射带有功能数据的文件和/或带有非功能数据的文件。
这些请求信息以及所发射的指令的消息可以采用一种特殊的用户单元能够与别的格式区分开的格式。这个特殊格式可以作成防窃听的安全格式。
在一个优选实施例中,用户单元包括一部移动无线电或电话以及一个可拆卸地连接到无线电/电话的集成电路卡。该集成电路卡可包括存储位置并可包括用于区分特殊格式和其他格式的装置。此卡可包括用于区分消息请求信息以及指令的装置。此卡还可包括用于储存消息的装置以及用于启动信息请求和指令的装置。
从另一方面看,本发明包括一个用于控制电信***中用户单元的模块,该用户单元模块可拆卸地连接到用户单元的收发信机上,并包括许许多多固定存储位置以及响应从远端发射来的消息的检测将消息储存在固定存储位置中选定的一个的装置,其特征在于所述装置根据远端发射的指令使任何或所有的所述固定存储位置允许或不允许用户单元或主机改写或读取。
该模块可包括能存储文件的目录结构。
本发明尤其适用于其中各个国家或地区的移动蜂窝电话网使用共同的标准通信的全球通信***。这种全球***的一个例子就是目前在欧洲运行的GSM-用于移动通信的全球***。但是,本发明并不限于全球***,它可被应用到单个国家的蜂窝网或者甚至应用到固定的陆地链接网上。
现在将参照附图用例子叙述本发明的一个实施例,在附图中:
图1示出在一个根据本发明的***中向一部用户单元发射消息;
图2示出用户单元发射消息和被请求的信息的过程;
图3是一个方框图,示出图1和图2中所示的一种模块的各个单元;
图4示出图3中所示的方块的详细情况;
图5是一个流程图,示出图1至4中所示的模块工作。
图1说明根据本发明的一条SMS分配路径。在以前的技术中,短消息通常直接发向单个的用户或是诸如销售小组这样的一群特定用户。
但是,GSM也支持使消息能够送达一个特定区域里的所有用户的叫作蜂窝广播的性能。在本发明所说明的实施例中,一条消息由一个广告商的电话号码和识别该广告商的字母数字标识符组成。
一个话务员将消息输入终端1。该消息随即被编码成为称作嵌入式命令流(ECS)的安全格式,并经由调制解调器2和固定线路3送到本地GSM转接器4。根据其投送地址,消息通过网络或者甚至穿过网络送到任一个或所有其他转接器。
转接器4(它在本例中位于消息要发送到的地理区域里)将该消息送到若干个地点5。地点5就是GSM网络的基站收发信机。
每个地点5随即向一群收发信机或移动电话(下文统称为移动电话)广播该消息。如果使用网孔广播,则此群体由广播时在该地理区域内所有的移动电话组成。
接收该消息的所选移动电话6向其相应的地点5发回一个接收确认。从此时起,直到进入一个新的状态之前,***将不再与这部移动电话6联系。
移动电话6确认此消息为SMS数据并将它送入SIM卡7,该卡是装在移动电话6的一个插槽里的独立的小型微处理器。然后,SIM卡7使用专门硬件和软件确认这个ECS,并将此消息用不会被用户改写的方式储存在存储器里。大家知道的SIM卡拥有大量的固定存储位置,用户能够在其中储存经常拨打的号码和相应的字母数字标识符。本发明的SIM卡7将此消息存放在这些存储位置之一中,并随即完成一次写保护操作。专用于存放写保护的消息的存储位置可以用与广告商的一个特定类型相关的代码数字表示。这样一来,例如说,租车公司的电话号码能够存放在存储位置01里,预约旅馆放在存储位置02里面,等等。
图2示出用户与广告商通信的呼出过程,如8所示,记住存储位置01里面的租车公司号码的用户按下对应于该存储位置的短码(例如01#)按键。然后,移动电话6查询SIM卡7,从存储位置检索出电话号码,SIM卡7提供给定公司的名称的号码和字母数字标识符,并把它显示给用户。用户通过按SEND键确认他希望的进程。
接下来,移动电话得到一个语音信道,通过该信道呼叫被接续到所拨号码。GSM***自动控制网内和网间跳动。此时,用户能够同公司进行一次语音会话。
只要公司里安装有恰当的设备,呼叫应答时,从SIM卡7读取的用户标识信息就立刻将诸如姓名和地址等用户的详细情况交给公司。
SIM卡7还包含有详述用户的使用帐户的信息。这一信息保存在一个单独的安全存储位置里,仅在用户输入只有他自己知道的特定PIN号码,并确认移动电话没有被偷窃或遗失时才可存取。当用户已确认他的租车交易时,他就将PIN号码输入到移动电话6,从SIN卡7请出信贷信息。SIM卡7提供该信息,并且移动电话使用现有语音/数据技术以一种安全的防诈骗者(frandsters)检测的格式发射到公司。该交易被该公司或其设备进一步确认后,通话便告结束。
在这个例子中,也有可能从话务员辅助查号***获得一个电话或传真号码,不必由用户手动将号码输入到他想要使用的通信终端里。
利用这一性能,用户呼叫网络号码查号台并给出希望确定电话号码的个人、公司或服务的名称以及应答这一呼叫的话务员所要的任何其他信息。然后,话务员找出该号码确认,并询问是将此号码进行语音发射、还是通过SMS转移到用户SIM卡的一个给定存储位置,还是两者同时采用。
如果用户选择SIM更新,则语音呼叫被终止,并且话务员通过向计算机输进一个序列或按下专用键启动SMS程序,然后,电话号码在分发中心被编成一个ECS消息并透过网络投送到用户通信终端,用户通信终端向分发中心发射一个确认。于是,再试机构工作直到收到确认为止。
通信终端将这一消息识别为SMS数据,将它送入SIM卡,并且,如有可能的话,显示出一个“收到消息”的标志,然后SIM卡使用专用硬件和软件识别ECS,并对它相应解码。电话号码以及任何相关的字母数字标识符(通常是个人或公司的名字)与想要存放的存储位置一起被恢复。然后,号码与名称标识符写入到那个存储位置,并且如果用户请求可进行写保护,写保护在信号源被编码到该消息中。
其后,用户通过键入存储位置的号码向已知存储位置里的号码发出呼叫。SIM卡按要求将电话或传真号送达通信终端,并且,接到用户的确认后,通信终端就建立起至所需号码的呼叫。
图3示出SIM卡7的电子结构。该卡经由一个输入/输出(I/O)管理器15连接到移动电话进行通信,它与移动电话通信最好使用协议ISO7816T=0。一个滤波器16接收来自I/O管理器的输入数据,并从所收到的短消息中检测出任何的ECS消息。ECS消息被直接送往一个扩展的可擦只读存储器(E2ROM)17,最好是“闪速”E2ROM)。数据也能直接从E2ROM输出到I/O管理器15。图3所示的其余方框都是SIM卡的标准部件。
图4示出E2ROM是如何组成的。根目录18包含一个SIM管理与识别器,一个GSM目录和网络数据20,以及一个远程通信目录21。
远程通信目录又包括如下各存储位置:“缩位拨号号码”22、“容量配置”23、“短消息”24、“固定拨号号码”25,以及“计费计算器”26。每个方框都代表多个存储器位置。经常拨的号码及相应的字母数字标识符被存放在存储位置22中。
“缩位拨号号码”位置22和“短消息”位置24各自有一个相应的锁定控制文件27、28,锁定控制文件包括用于读/写保护器以及从其相应的存储位置中除取读/写保护的程序。锁定控制文件27,28一般都将如图所示的那样放在远程通信目录21中,但也能位于其他地方,例如在管理目录里面。
图5是一个流程图,说明使用上述专用硬件和软件执行所述操作的SIM卡的工作过程。在判断块9中,具有ECS的消息、请求以及指令与没有ECS的那些分开。这些ECS的每一种都由一个以命令开头的数据流组成,命令至少有4种型式,即:消息命令,请求信息的读命令,锁定或去锁指令的属性命令以及运行一个程序的指令的运行命令。
命令和数据类型在方框10里解码并加到4条通路11-14中的一条上。
通路11处理写命令,从所规定的位置开始存入消息。通路12处理读出命令;而且,信息请求包括有一个要首先访问的位置,读取后面的位置并将数据放在缓存器中,直到所要求的数据量读完为止。然后,缓存器里的数据被编码成ECS格式,并从使用SMS从移动电话发送到主叫方。
在通路13中,属性命令用于锁定或去锁规定的存储位置,使它们对主叫方或是对用户成为可存取或不可存取。在通道14,运行命令使存放在SIM卡里的程序运行。
基本的ECS***可扩充到255个内部壳(internal shell)命令,写入、读出、锁定/解锁以及运行命令是其中的4个例子。用于转移信息的特定协议并不是固定不变的,它可以是ISO 7816 T=0,或者是任何其他适用的协议。
内部壳命令辅助该***在SIM卡7中产生外部结果文件(file object)。该结果文件有两种类型,即:包含可由SIM卡处理器执行并且必要时能自行修改的功能数据的应用数据文件程序(ADFP),和包含不具备这些能力的非功能数据的应用数据文件(ADF)。现有的ADF(P)都能通过无线电修改,提供诸如标出姓名、重新标出姓名或者可向卸载到电话簿等功能。
SIM卡7有一个类似乎计算机磁盘的目录结构,并且新的ADF(P)可以通过无线电卸载到任何目录中。而且,目录也可通过无线电产生、删除和修改,可以执行多个树状目录操作,并且可以删去不再需要的ADF(P)。可以卸载的ADF(P)数据总量仅受卡的E2ROM容量的限制。
如上所述,本发明大大扩展了SIM卡的应用。例如,使用增值服务目录,用户能够方便快捷地预订旅馆或飞机的座位。
本发明这个性能的另一个优点是向一个特定地理区域(例如法国南部)的卡分发消息很容易。这就是说,广告商能够将他的消息送到特定区域里的所有移动电话用户。当用户从一个地区“漫游”到另一个地区而又不了解当地的服务时,这一点特别有用。
目录查询卸载能连接送到用户通信终端的电话或传真号码,而不受该用户的任何干扰。在一个呼叫中,手动输入号码接到话务员的操作常常是危险的,特别是当用户正在驾车的时候会有危险。
本***卸载ADF(P)的能力意味着在保持与现有蜂窝***总体兼容的同时,可以通过无线电在SIM卡附加的服务项目。这就是说,SIM卡能够获得***、护照、驾驶执照、停车证、会员卡等等的功能,变成一个多用途卡。此外,还能增加动态更新服务,其要求每使用一次服务就要运行一个不同的程序。
一旦卡上面具有额外的服务,必要时它就可以作为一个独立的部分在移动电话环境之外使用。这可以通过例如一个销售点终端机这样的专用硬件读出或写入,必要时,可以删除新的服务。但是,此卡永远不会丧失其移动电话的SIM能力。此外,如果此卡具有额外的服务,则除非有其他要求,即使用户已经脱开移动电话网,服务将继续起作用。
在不脱离本发明的范围内各种修改都是可能的。
例如,SIM卡可以被训练成只接收详述有关用户需要的服务的消息。
Claims (27)
1.一种电信***,包括至少一个主站(1)和多个用户单元(6),该主站或每个主站可发一条消息到至少一个用户单元,并且每个用户单元(6)都有多个存储位置(22)以及根据消息的检测将消息存放在一个选择的存储位置的装置,其特征在于,所述存储位置可以由用户单元(6)存取,并且其中每个用户单元(6,7)包括响应从主站(1)发射来的指令的装置(27,28),以有选择地使能或禁止从该主站或每个主站(1)或是从用户单元(6,7)存取所述存储位置。
2.如权利要求1所述的***,其中用户单元(6)包括一个收发信机和一个集成电路卡(7)或其他具有存储位置(22)的模块,以及响应消息的检测由收发信机将其发送到选定的存储位置的装置,所述模块可拆卸地连接到收发信机上。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的***,其中用户单元(6)包括存取装置,使所述存储位置能够被有选择地存取以从一个选择的存储位置取出其中存储的数据。
4.如权利要求3所述的***,其中每一个存储位置(22)与一个简单的短码相应,并且用户单元(6,7)包括根据输入单元的例如一个短码通过启动存取装置从选择的存储位置取出数据的装置。
5.如权利要求3或4所述的***,其中启动存取装置以存取一个选择的存储位置,从选择的存储位置取出数据并将其传送到用户单元的显示装置以在其上显示。
6.如在前面任一个权利要求中所述的***,其中该主站或每一个主站(1)可发射对存放在选定的用户单元(6,7)中的一个存储位置(24)的数据的请求,并且每个用户单元都包括根据这种请求取出和发射数据的装置。
7.如权利要求6所述的***,其中响应请求的装置仅在将一个个人识别号码(PIN号码)输入到用户单元(6)时才被启动。
8.如前面任一个权利要求所述的***,其中每个用户单元(6)包括响应该主站或每个主站(1)发送的指令的装置,运行一个存储在用户单元(6)的存储位置的程序。
9.如前述任一权利要求所述的***,其中该主站或每个主站可操作地向一个用户单元下载应用数据文件程序,其中包括可存储在用户单元的存储位置用于后续执行的功能数据。
10.如前述任一权利要求所述的***,其中消息、数据请求和发送的指令以短码形式编码,并且每个用户单元(6,7)包括用于识别特殊格式的装置(16)。
11.如权利要求10所述的***,其中该主站或每个主站可操作地以字母数字格式发送消息到用户单元以提供短消息服务,并且所述特殊格式是所述短消息服务格式的一个编码型式。
12.如权利要求10或11所述的***,其中所述特殊格式是一种安全格式。
13.如前面任一权利要求所述的***,其中整个***用于移动通信。
14.一种用于控制包括至少一个主站的电信***中的一个用户单元(6)的模块(7),所述模块可移动地与用户单元(6)的一个收发信机相连接,包括多个存储位置(17)以及响应消息的检测将其存放在一个选择的存储位置的装置,其特征在于所述存储位置可由用户单元(6)存取,并且其中模块(7)包括响应从远程发射来的指令的装置(27,28),以有选择地使能或禁止从主站或是从用户单元(6,7)存取所述存储位置。
15.如权利要求14所述的模块,其中向其发送消息以区别于***中使用的其它消息格式的特殊格式编码,所述以所述特殊格式编码的消息包括一个数据流,所述数据流包括一个至少是将数据写入一个选定的存储位置的写入指令的嵌入指令,一个请求存储在一个存储位置的数据的读取指令,一个使能或禁止从一个主站或用户单元存取一个选择的存储位置的属性指令,一个执行存储在一个选择的存储位置的运行指令,其中提供装置用于解码所述消息并处理由所述嵌入指令所指出的所述消息中的数据。
16.如权利要求15所述的模块,其中特殊格式是一种在***中使用的预定短消息业务格式的一个嵌入指令流形式。
17.如权利要求14、15或16所述的模块(7),包括一个其中能够存放文件的目录结构(21)。
18.如权利要求14,15,16或17所述的模块,其中模块采取集成电路卡的形式。
19.如权利要求14至18中任一项所述的模块,其中该模块是一个用户标识模块。
20.一种运行电信***的方法,其中至少一个主站(1)可操作地发送消息到***的多个用户单元(6),检测发送消息到达的用户单元的消息,并存储消息在一个预定的存储位置(22),其特征在于通过由该相关用户单元(6)提供选择地存取存储位置(22)使能从其中提取存储的消息,并将来自主站(1)的命令有选择地使能或禁止从主站或用户单元存取存储位置。
21.如权利要求20所述的方法,其中从主站(1)发送的消息,以区别于在***中使用的其他消息格式的一种特殊格式编码,并包括所述命令,所述方法包括以下步骤:发送来自主站的消息,在用户单元(6)接收编码的消息,从其它消息格式中区别所述编码的消息,解码所述编码的消息,和处理所述解码的消息和命令。
22.如权利要求21所述的方法,其中所述特殊格式包括一个具有一嵌入命令或指令的数据流。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法,其中处理步骤包括检测何时解码消息包括一个属性命令,识别用户单元(6)的将被锁定或解锁的一个存储位置(22,24),以使得所述存储位置可被主站(1)或用户单元(6)存取或不能存取,以及锁定或解锁所述识别的存储位置,从而控制从主站或用户单元的存取。
24.如权利要求22或23所述的方法,其中处理步骤包括检测何时解码消息包括一个嵌入指令,它是一个写入指令,将所述解码消息中所包括的数据写入到在所述解码消息中所识别的一个存储位置。
25.如权利要求22,23或24所述的方法,其中处理步骤包括检测何时解码消息包括一个嵌入指令,它是一个读取指令,读取存储在所述解码消息所识别的一个存储位置中的数据。
26.如权利要求22所述的方法,其中处理步骤包括检测何时解码消息包括一个嵌入指令,它是一个写入指令,将所述解码消息中所包括的数据写入到在所述解码消息中所识别的用户单元(6)的存储位置(22,24),并存储该数据,防止当允许从用户单元读取时所述存储的数据被所述用户单元重写,存取所述存储位置以提取存储其中的数据,将从所述存储位置提取的数据存储在一个缓冲器中,解码以所述特殊格式存储在缓冲器中的数据,以便产生一个第二消息,并发送该第二消息。
27.如权利要求21至26中任一项所述的方法,其中所述主站(7)可操作地发送以一个第一消息格式编码的其它消息,该第一格式适于被用户单元(6)接收和显示,并且所述特殊格式是所述第一格式的一种编码型式。
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1994
- 1994-06-15 EP EP94917755A patent/EP0704140B1/en not_active Revoked
- 1994-06-15 AT AT02022772T patent/ATE518388T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
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- 1994-06-15 DE DE69414273T patent/DE69414273T2/de not_active Revoked
- 1994-06-15 EP EP10179296A patent/EP2296388A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1994-06-15 AT AT02022771T patent/ATE488105T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-15 PT PT94917755T patent/PT704140E/pt unknown
- 1994-06-15 CZ CZ953284A patent/CZ328495A3/cs unknown
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1995
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1998
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1999
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2002
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2003
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2004
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US9466057B2 (en) | 2006-05-04 | 2016-10-11 | First Data Corporation | RF presentation instrument with sensor control |
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