CN116138381A - 一种具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草组合物及其制备的饮料 - Google Patents
一种具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草组合物及其制备的饮料 Download PDFInfo
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- CN116138381A CN116138381A CN202211625732.0A CN202211625732A CN116138381A CN 116138381 A CN116138381 A CN 116138381A CN 202211625732 A CN202211625732 A CN 202211625732A CN 116138381 A CN116138381 A CN 116138381A
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- parts
- cordyceps
- cordyceps cicadae
- composition
- liver
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Abstract
本发明属于功能饮料技术领域,具体涉及一种具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草组合物,并进一步公开其制备的饮料。本发明所述具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草组合物,以蝉花虫草为功能成分,并通过添加枸杞、茯仁、人参、甘草、黄精、酸枣仁、佛手、杜砺、五味子、玉米须、肉桂、生姜和山药为营养原料,利用上述原料的药食同源保健性能,且利用各成分营养物质的协同作用,提供更为均衡的营养成分,不仅起到增强人体免疫力的作用,更具有调和五脏、补肾温阳、滋肝健肾的功效。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于功能饮料技术领域,具体涉及一种具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草组合物,并进一步公开其制备的饮料。
背景技术
人体的肾气是一个逐渐衰减的过程,如果我们不注意养肾护肾可能肾脏就会出现衰败,人体的健康状况也会受到影响,中医认为肾脏是生命之本,肾脏与身体各个器官都有着千丝万缕的联系,所以补肾的方法也有很多种,肾脏对我们的身体解毒有着至关重要的作用,补肾不可忽视。我国人民上千年的食用历史印证了食用菌的良好食用和滋补保健功能,食用菌含有蛋白质、糖类、维生素E、维生素B1、维生素B2、钙、磷、铁、锌等微量元素及人体所必需的大部分氨基酸;部分食用菌不仅具有营养滋补效果而且具有独特的功能性。
蝉花是我国传统的名贵中药材之一,又名金蝉花、蝉花虫草,由麦角菌科虫草属真菌蝉拟青霉寄生于蝉类若虫的干燥复合体。现有研究结果表明,蝉花与多种虫草中的主要成分氨基酸种类相似,具有不同程度的补益作用。目前,已报道的蝉花虫草中含有的生物活性物质包括核苷类、蛋白类、糖类、生物碱类、甾醇等。其中,蝉花虫草多糖具有抗肿瘤、抑制免疫、增强免疫、抗氧化、抗衰老、护肝、降血压等药理作用。虫草腺苷本身具有多种生物活性,诸如保护心脑血管***、保护中枢神经***以及调节脂肪分解等,在治疗多种人类常见疾病中都有很广泛的应用。目前,基于各类虫草开发的具有增强免疫力功效的产品已获得消费者的广泛关注。
发明内容
为此,本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草组合物,所述蝉花虫草组合物的活性成分更优;
本发明所要解决的第二个技术问题在于提供一种基于富含虫草多糖及腺苷的蝉花虫草组合物制备的具有滋肝健肾作用的饮料。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明所述蝉花虫草组合物,包括如下重量份的原料:蝉花虫草10-20重量份、枸杞10-15重量份、茯仁8-12重量份、人参3-8重量份、甘草5-12重量份、黄精3-8重量份、酸枣仁3-8重量份、佛手1-5重量份、杜砺1-5重量份、五味子2-8重量份、玉米须3-5重量份、肉桂3-5重量份。
具体的,所述的蝉花虫草组合物,包括如下重量份的原料:蝉花虫草15重量份、枸杞12重量份、茯仁10重量份、人参5重量份、甘草8重量份、黄精5重量份、酸枣仁5重量份、佛手3重量份、杜砺3重量份、五味子5重量份、玉米须4重量份、肉桂4重量份。
具体的,所述的蝉花虫草组合物,还包括生姜1-3重量份。
具体的,所述的蝉花虫草组合物,还包括山药5-12重量份。
具体的,所述的蝉花虫草组合物,所述蝉花虫草为富含虫草多糖和腺苷的蝉花虫草子实体。
本发明还公开了由所述的蝉花虫草组合物,添加常规辅料,按照常规工艺制成的食品、饮料或药物。
本发明还公开了一种具有滋肝健肾作用的饮料,以所述的蝉花虫草组合物为活性成分制备。
本发明还公开了一种制备所述具有滋肝健肾作用的饮料的方法,包括取选定量的所述蝉花虫草、枸杞、茯仁、人参、甘草、黄精、酸枣仁、佛手、杜砺、五味子、玉米须和肉桂进行常规提取的步骤,并添加常规辅料,按照常规工艺制成所需饮料。
具体的,所述具有滋肝健肾作用的饮料的制备方法,还包括加入所述生姜和/或山药为原料的步骤。
具体的,所述具有滋肝健肾作用的饮料的制备方法,所述辅料包括甜味剂。
本发明所述具有滋肝健肾功效的蝉花虫草饮料中,所述蝉花虫草选择富含虫草多糖和腺苷的蝉花虫草子实体。具体的,所述蝉花虫草子实体的栽培方法,包括在液体培养基中进行液体菌种培养以及在固体培养基中进行子实体培养的步骤;
所述固体培养基包括质量比为1:1-1.5的固体基质和营养液;
所述固体基质包括如下重量份的组分:小麦10-20重量份、玉米渣20-30重量份、燕麦麸皮12-20重量份、葛根渣8-15重量份、蝉蛹粉10-20重量份、以及食用菌渣生物炭;
所述营养液包括食用菌渣碳化液,并加入碳源5-12g/L、氮源3-8g/L、无机盐1-3g/L,加水定容至1L,自然pH;
其中,所述食用菌渣生物炭和所述食用菌渣碳化液分别为取5-15重量份食用菌渣经水热碳化反应后固液分离得到的固体和液体产物。
具体的,所述蝉花虫草子实体的栽培方法,所述食用菌渣包括木耳菌渣和/或香菇菌渣。
具体的,所述蝉花虫草子实体的栽培方法,所述方法还包括制备所述食用菌渣生物炭和食用菌渣碳化液的步骤,包括如下步骤:
(1)取食用菌渣经干燥及粉碎处理,备用;
(2)将处理后的食用菌渣加入去离子水混合,置于不锈钢高压反应釜中进行水热炭化反应;
(3)收集反应产物过滤,收集固体部分经干燥得到食用菌渣生物炭,收集液体部分即为所需食用菌渣碳化液。
具体的,所述步骤(2)中,所述食用菌渣与去离子水的质量比为1:0.5-0.8。
具体的,所述步骤(2)中,所述水热炭化反应的温度为150-250℃,压力1.5-2.0MPa,反应时间5-12h。
具体的,所述蝉花虫草子实体的栽培方法,所述子实体培养步骤包括发菌步骤、转色步骤以及子实体管理步骤;
所述发菌步骤的控制条件包括:控制培养温度15-18℃、湿度60-80%,进行避光培养;
所述转色步骤的控制条件包括:控制光照条件为300-400lux,控制光周期光暗比为L16:D8,培养温度15-18℃,湿度60-80%;
所述子实体管理步骤的控制条件包括:控制光照条件为300-400lux,控制光周期光暗比为L16:D8,培养温度20-25℃,湿度60-80%。
具体的,所述蝉花虫草子实体的栽培方法,所述营养液中:
所述碳源包括葡萄糖;
所述氮源包括蛋白胨;
所述无机盐包括磷酸二氢钾和/或磷酸氢二钾。
具体的,所述蝉花虫草子实体的栽培方法,所述液体培养基包括如下质量含量的组分:葡萄糖1-2%、酵母提取物0.2-0.4%、蛋白胨0.3-0.5%、K2HPO4 0.01-0.03%、KH2PO40.01-0.03%,自然pH。
具体的,所述蝉花虫草子实体的栽培方法,所述液体菌种培养的条件包括:控制发酵温度20-25℃,搅拌转速150-180rpm。
具体的,所述蝉花虫草子实体的栽培方法,所述方法还包括在所述液体菌种培养步骤前将所述菌株进行常规活化的步骤。
本发明还公开了由上述栽培方法得到的蝉花虫草子实体。
本发明所述具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草组合物,以蝉花虫草为功能成分,并通过添加枸杞、茯仁、人参、甘草、黄精、酸枣仁、佛手、杜砺、五味子、玉米须、肉桂、生姜和山药为营养原料,利用上述原料的药食同源保健性能,且利用各成分营养物质的协同作用,提供更为均衡的营养成分,不仅起到增强人体免疫力的作用,更具有调和五脏、补肾温阳、滋肝健肾的功效。本发明所述蝉花虫草饮料基于优化栽培的富含虫草多糖和腺苷的蝉花虫草子实体为原料,促进整个产品的营养价值更高。
本发明所述蝉花虫草饮料中选用的蝉花虫草子实体的栽培方法,在传统的蝉花虫草子实体栽培工艺的基础上,利用常规食用菌栽培后产生的食用菌渣为原料,并通过将食用菌渣进行水热碳化的方式,分离得到食用菌生物炭及食用菌碳化液,并分别将所述食用菌生物炭及食用菌碳化液作为子实体培养的固态基质及营养液。所述食用菌渣在整个水热碳化的过程中,其内部营养成分发生了优化性的匹配及协同增效的过程,相比于直接将食用菌渣作为基质的应用方式,可以诱导蝉花虫草的固体发酵过程中,虫草多糖和腺苷得到有效的累积,有效提高了蝉花虫草子实体中虫草多糖及腺苷的含量,提高了蝉花虫草的营养价值。
具体实施方式
实施例1
液体菌种培养
配制液体培养基,包括如下质量含量的组分:葡萄糖2%、酵母提取物0.3%、蛋白胨0.4%、K2HPO4 0.02%、KH2PO4 0.02%,自然pH,121℃灭菌20min,自然冷却至室温。
于无菌条件下,将保存的蝉花虫草试管母种(蝉拟青霉母种)接种至上述液体培养基中,控制发酵温度22℃,搅拌转速160rpm进行摇瓶培养48h,获得种子液。
子实体培养
取木耳菌渣经干燥处理,粉碎并过40目筛,取10重量份所述木耳菌渣并加入8重量份的去离子水充分混合,置于不锈钢高压反应釜中,控制温度200℃、压力1.5MPa进行水热碳化反应8h;反应结束后,收集反应产物并过滤,收集固体部分经干燥得到食用菌渣生物炭,收集液体部分即为所需食用菌渣碳化液。
配制固体基质:包括如下重量份的组分:小麦15重量份、玉米渣25重量份、燕麦麸皮16重量份、葛根渣12重量份、蝉蛹粉15重量份以及上述收集的食用菌渣生物炭。
配制营养液:取上述收集的所述食用菌渣碳化液,并加入葡萄糖8g/L、蛋白胨5g/L、磷酸二氢钾1g/L、磷酸氢二钾1g/L,加去离子水定容至1L,自然pH。
按照1:1的质量比将上述固体基质和营养液相混匀,将配制好的固体培养基封口,置于高压湿热灭菌锅中,121℃常规灭菌40min。
于室温及无菌条件下,按照8wt%的接种量将上述种子液接种入所述固体培养基中,随后将接种后的培养基置于栽培室内培养,控制温度17℃,湿度70%,进行避光培养3-5天,至发菌完全。
随后调整光照条件,控制光照条件为300lux下,控制光周期光暗比为L16:D8,继续控制培养温度17℃、湿度70%,继续培养5-8天完成转色并可形成子座芽。
随后保持上述光照条件,继续控制光照条件为300lux下,控制光周期光暗比为L16:D8,控制培养温度22℃、湿度70%,继续培养15-20天,采收成熟的子实体,烘干,即得。
实施例2
液体菌种培养
配制液体培养基,包括如下质量含量的组分:葡萄糖2%、酵母提取物0.3%、蛋白胨0.4%、K2HPO4 0.02%、KH2PO4 0.02%,自然pH,121℃灭菌20min,自然冷却至室温。
于无菌条件下,将保存的蝉花虫草试管母种接种至上述液体培养基中,控制发酵温度22℃,搅拌转速160rpm进行摇瓶培养48h,获得种子液。
子实体培养
取木耳菌渣经干燥处理,粉碎并过40目筛,取5重量份所述木耳菌渣并加入4重量份的去离子水充分混合,置于不锈钢高压反应釜中,控制温度200℃、压力1.5MPa进行水热碳化反应8h;反应结束后,收集反应产物并过滤,收集固体部分经干燥得到食用菌渣生物炭,收集液体部分即为所需食用菌渣碳化液。
配制固体基质:包括如下重量份的组分:小麦10重量份、玉米渣20重量份、燕麦麸皮12重量份、葛根渣15重量份、蝉蛹粉20重量份以及上述收集的食用菌渣生物炭。
配制营养液:取上述收集的所述食用菌渣碳化液,并加入葡萄糖5g/L、蛋白胨8g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.5g/L、磷酸氢二钾0.5g/L,加去离子水定容至1L,自然pH。
按照1:1的质量比将上述固体基质和营养液相混匀,将配制好的固体培养基封口,置于高压湿热灭菌锅中,121℃常规灭菌40min。
于室温及无菌条件下,按照8wt%的接种量将上述种子液接种入所述固体培养基中,随后将接种后的培养基置于栽培室内培养,控制温度17℃,湿度70%,进行避光培养3-5天,至发菌完全。
随后调整光照条件,控制光照条件为300lux下,控制光周期光暗比为L16:D8,继续控制培养温度17℃、湿度70%,继续培养5-8天完成转色并可形成子座芽。
随后保持上述光照条件,继续控制光照条件为300lux下,控制光周期光暗比为L16:D8,控制培养温度22℃、湿度70%,继续培养15-20天,采收成熟的子实体,烘干,即得。
实施例3
液体菌种培养
配制液体培养基,包括如下质量含量的组分:葡萄糖2%、酵母提取物0.3%、蛋白胨0.4%、K2HPO4 0.02%、KH2PO4 0.02%,自然pH,121℃灭菌20min,自然冷却至室温。
于无菌条件下,将保存的蝉花虫草试管母种接种至上述液体培养基中,控制发酵温度22℃,搅拌转速160rpm进行摇瓶培养48h,获得种子液。
子实体培养
取香菇菌渣经干燥处理,粉碎并过40目筛,取15重量份所述木耳菌渣并加入12重量份的去离子水充分混合,置于不锈钢高压反应釜中,控制温度200℃、压力1.5MPa进行水热碳化反应8h;反应结束后,收集反应产物并过滤,收集固体部分经干燥得到食用菌渣生物炭,收集液体部分即为所需食用菌渣碳化液。
配制固体基质:包括如下重量份的组分:小麦20重量份、玉米渣20重量份、燕麦麸皮20重量份、葛根渣8重量份、蝉蛹粉10重量份以及上述收集的食用菌渣生物炭。
配制营养液:取上述收集的所述食用菌渣碳化液,并加入葡萄糖12g/L、蛋白胨3g/L、磷酸二氢钾1.5g/L、磷酸氢二钾1.5g/L,加去离子水定容至1L,自然pH。
按照1:1的质量比将上述固体基质和营养液相混匀,将配制好的固体培养基封口,置于高压湿热灭菌锅中,121℃常规灭菌40min。
于室温及无菌条件下,按照8wt%的接种量将上述种子液接种入所述固体培养基中,随后将接种后的培养基置于栽培室内培养,控制温度17℃,湿度70%,进行避光培养3-5天,至发菌完全。
随后调整光照条件,控制光照条件为300lux下,控制光周期光暗比为L16:D8,继续控制培养温度17℃、湿度70%,继续培养5-8天完成转色并可形成子座芽。
随后保持上述光照条件,继续控制光照条件为300lux下,控制光周期光暗比为L16:D8,控制培养温度22℃、湿度70%,继续培养15-20天,采收成熟的子实体,烘干,即得。
对比例1
本对比例所述蝉花虫草的栽培方法同实施例1,其区别仅在于,所述固态基质中直接加入所述木耳菌渣,而营养液则加入等量的去离子水进行配置。
对比例2
本对比例所述蝉花虫草的栽培方法同实施例1,其区别仅在于,所述食用菌渣加去离子水混合后进行常温常压浸渍8h,并过滤分别收集固体和液体部分分别用于配置固态基质和营养液。
对比例3
本对比例所述蝉花虫草的栽培方法同实施例1,其区别仅在于,不加入所述食用菌渣,并以去离子水配置营养液。
实验例
分别收集上述实施例1及对比例1-3中采收所得子实体进行虫草多糖和腺苷含量的测定,检测结果见下表1。
腺苷的含量测定依据《中国药典》的冬虫夏草质量标准进行测定,具体方法为:以十八烷基硅烷键合硅胶为填充剂(C18),以磷酸盐缓冲液(pH6.5,取0.01mol/L磷酸二氢钠68.5ml与0.01mol/L磷酸氢二钠315mL混合)-甲醇(85:15)为流动相;检测波长为260nm;精密称取腺苷对照品,并加入90%甲醇制成每1mL含20μg的溶液,即得到对照品溶液;分别取待测的子实体各0.5g,精密称定,置具塞锥形瓶中,精密加入90%甲醇10mL,密塞,摇匀,称定重量,加热回流30min,放冷,再补重,摇匀,过滤,取续滤液,即得各样品溶液;分别吸取对照品溶液和样品溶液各10μl,注入液相色谱仪,通过浓度比等于峰面积比,计算出各样品腺苷含量。
粗多糖的测定利用超声波辅助-热水浸提法:分别准确称取上述子实体粉末1g,用蒸馏水定容至100ml,装入具塞试管中,进行超声波提取1h,每隔20min反复颠倒混匀;转入恒温水浴锅,于80℃提取4h,冷却至室温,将提取液于14000rpm离心5min,收集上清液即为粗多糖溶液。采用浓硫酸-苯酚法测定粗多糖的含量(详见中国专利CN113330984A记载方法)。
表1蝉花虫草子实体多糖及腺苷含量mg/g
编号 | 粗多糖mg/g子实体 | 腺苷%子实体 |
实施例1 | 172.1 | 0.263 |
对比例1 | 145.6 | 0.219 |
对比例2 | 149.2 | 0.225 |
对比例3 | 107.8 | 0.191 |
可见,本发明所述方法通过对子实体培养基体系的优化,可同时提高蝉花虫草子实体中粗多糖及腺苷的含量。
实施例4
本实施例所述蝉花虫草饮料的原料包括:蝉花虫草15重量份、枸杞12重量份、茯仁10重量份、人参5重量份、甘草8重量份、黄精5重量份、酸枣仁5重量份、佛手3重量份、杜砺3重量份、五味子5重量份、玉米须4重量份、肉桂4重量份、生姜2重量份、山药8重量份。
其中,所述蝉花虫草选择实施例1栽培得到的蝉花虫草子实体。
本实施例所述具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草饮料的制备方法,包括:取选定量的所述蝉花虫草、枸杞、茯仁、人参、甘草、黄精、酸枣仁、佛手、杜砺、五味子、玉米须、肉桂、生姜和山药进行常规加水提取,收集水提液并添加白砂糖调节口感,按照常规工艺制成所需饮料。
实施例5
本实施例所述蝉花虫草饮料的原料包括:蝉花虫草10重量份、枸杞15重量份、茯仁8重量份、人参8重量份、甘草5重量份、黄精8重量份、酸枣仁3重量份、佛手5重量份、杜砺1重量份、五味子8重量份、玉米须3重量份、肉桂5重量份、生姜1重量份、山药12重量份。
其中,所述蝉花虫草选择实施例1栽培得到的蝉花虫草子实体。
本实施例所述具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草饮料的制备方法,包括:取选定量的所述蝉花虫草、枸杞、茯仁、人参、甘草、黄精、酸枣仁、佛手、杜砺、五味子、玉米须、肉桂、生姜和山药进行常规加水提取,收集水提液并添加白砂糖调节口感,按照常规工艺制成所需饮料。
实施例6
本实施例所述蝉花虫草饮料的原料包括:蝉花虫草20重量份、枸杞10重量份、茯仁12重量份、人参3重量份、甘草12重量份、黄精3重量份、酸枣仁8重量份、佛手1重量份、杜砺5重量份、五味子2重量份、玉米须5重量份、肉桂3重量份、生姜3重量份、山药5重量份。
其中,所述蝉花虫草选择实施例1栽培得到的蝉花虫草子实体。
本实施例所述具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草饮料的制备方法,包括:取选定量的所述蝉花虫草、枸杞、茯仁、人参、甘草、黄精、酸枣仁、佛手、杜砺、五味子、玉米须、肉桂、生姜和山药进行常规加水提取,收集水提液并添加白砂糖调节口感,按照常规工艺制成所需饮料。
应当理解的是,本申请中所述实施例仅用以说明本申请实施例的原则。其他的变形也可能属于本申请的范围。因此,作为示例而非限制,本申请实施例的替代配置可视为与本申请的教导一致。相应地,本申请的实施例不仅限于本申请明确介绍和描述的实施例。
Claims (10)
1.一种具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草组合物,其特征在于,包括如下重量份的原料:蝉花虫草10-20重量份、枸杞10-15重量份、茯仁8-12重量份、人参3-8重量份、甘草5-12重量份、黄精3-8重量份、酸枣仁3-8重量份、佛手1-5重量份、杜砺1-5重量份、五味子2-8重量份、玉米须3-5重量份、肉桂3-5重量份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草组合物,其特征在于,包括如下重量份的原料:蝉花虫草15重量份、枸杞12重量份、茯仁10重量份、人参5重量份、甘草8重量份、黄精5重量份、酸枣仁5重量份、佛手3重量份、杜砺3重量份、五味子5重量份、玉米须4重量份、肉桂4重量份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草组合物,其特征在于,还包括生姜1-3重量份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草组合物,其特征在于,还包括山药5-12重量份。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一项所述的具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草组合物,其特征在于,所述蝉花虫草为富含虫草多糖和腺苷的蝉花虫草子实体。
6.由权利要求1-5任一项所述的具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草组合物,添加常规辅料,按照常规工艺制成的食品、饮料或药物。
7.一种具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草饮料,其特征在于,以权利要求1-5任一项所述的蝉花虫草组合物为活性成分制备。
8.一种制备权利要求7所述具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草饮料的方法,其特征在于,包括取选定量的所述蝉花虫草、枸杞、茯仁、人参、甘草、黄精、酸枣仁、佛手、杜砺、五味子、玉米须和肉桂进行常规提取的步骤,并添加常规辅料,按照常规工艺制成所需饮料。
9.根据权利要求8所述具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,还包括加入所述生姜和/或山药为原料的步骤。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述具有滋肝健肾作用的蝉花虫草饮料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述辅料包括甜味剂。
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