CN1158691A - Production method and cultivation equipment for miniature detoxicated potato seeds - Google Patents
Production method and cultivation equipment for miniature detoxicated potato seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN1158691A CN1158691A CN97100658A CN97100658A CN1158691A CN 1158691 A CN1158691 A CN 1158691A CN 97100658 A CN97100658 A CN 97100658A CN 97100658 A CN97100658 A CN 97100658A CN 1158691 A CN1158691 A CN 1158691A
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Abstract
The production method includes tube culture of detoxicated potato seedling and soilless cultivation, and features culture medium of pure vermiculite, tipping of stalk after the shoot grows to have five leaves, old seedling replantation after harvesting the first crop of miniature potato by means of winter potato digging process and summer transplanting process, and various nutritive liquid components for different growth stages of seedling. The cultivation equipment is a movable cultivation bed of 360 cm length, 96 cm width, 7.5cm thickness, 50 cm depth to ground and 1 to 300-400 slope. The said method results in low production cost and high yield.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of method and cultivating facility thereof that utilizes potato virus-free plantlet to combine to produce miniature seed, relate in particular to two batches of production methods of a kind of potato virus-free micro-seed individual plant and cultivating facility thereof with cultivation technique without soil.
Chinese patent " fast propagation technique for potato using depoisoned small seed-potato " (CN1048141A) has been created the method for the fast numerous toxicity micro potato of a kind of open type industrial and annual.This technology is utilized stem apex to peel off and is sloughed virus, tissue culture expands numerous fast, adopt cultivation technique without soil to produce micro potato in the anti-aphid greenhouse, first tissue culture and soilless culture are ideally combined, its technological process is: stem apex is peeled off → is cultivated detoxic seedling → batch production and produces micro potato (soilless culture).In our implementation process after this technology of introduction, find that there are many weak points in this invention aspect soilless culture: (1) cultivating facility is too small, no gradient, unfavorable seedling growth and knot potato, operate not easy, the amount of labour is big, and the facility cost is expensive, and per 100 square meter facility costs are 7000 yuan in the enforcement.(2) culture matrix too complicated (2/3 vermiculite and 1/3 careless carbon) is formed not match with nutrient solution and is caused matrix not use continuously, and annual every square meter is thrown away matrix and is worth 66 yuan.(3) expensive tissue cultural seedlings of free can only once be tied potato, just throw away afterwards, and nearly 50 yuan of the each seedling of every square meter source cost, then 300 yuan of annual six batches of cultivations, percent of loss is big.(4) summer high temperature can not be produced season.(5) production cycle longer, efficient is lower, every batch needs 40-50 days, every square meter is produced 8000-10000 grain micro potato per year.
The objective of the invention is to adopt on the basis of existing technology suitable cultivation bed, medium and nutrient solution prescription, second use had been tied the detoxic seedling of potato, make it tie potato in a short time once more, not only cut the waste but also shorten vegetative period, and can produce one batch of little potato season at summer high temperature, improve output.
The present invention takes following measure for achieving the above object:
The production method of potato virus-free micro-seed, comprise selection, seedling-cultivating tray and the medium of test-tube plantlet preparation, test-tube plantlet segment, chemicals treatment, stem segment cuttage, the button canopy is preserved moisture and temperature control, rich water quality management, micro potato results, its characteristics are:
(1). culture matrix adopts pure vermiculite;
(2). extract stem apex when tissue cultural seedlings of free grows into " five leaves are wholeheartedly " behind the stem segment cuttage;
(3). after first batch of results of micro potato old seedling is replanted, winter is with bean digging method, summer receiving potato and replant with method for transplanting;
(4). adopt different nutrient solution prescriptions according to the different vegetative stages of rice shoot, (CN1048141A) original formulation is used in the firm cuttage of detoxic seedling during to " five leaves wholeheartedly ", stem apex is extractd the back and is adopted new prescription of the present invention, first batch of old seedling in micro potato results back adopts original formulation, the new prescription of two weeks back employing again when replanting;
(5). the old seedling secondary knot potato after replanting, replant second batch of micro potato results after 33 days.
The cultivating facility of above-mentioned potato virus-free micro-seed production method special use is made up of the cultivation bed, is characterized in: the long 360cm of cultivation bed, and wide 96cm, dark 7.5cm, height off the ground 50cm, gradient are than 1/300-1/400, and the cultivation bed is removable.
Prove by a series of cultivation experiments, the present invention has compared with prior art reduced cost, has improved output, mainly show the following aspects: (1) adopts suitable cultivation bed than using seedling-cultivating tray volume increase 214%, and facility investment descends, per 100 square meters only need 3000 yuan, have reduced by 57.1%.(2) supporting, the matrix of nutrient solution and culture matrix can be used 4 batches continuously, and annual every square meter is saved 50 yuan.(3) detoxic seedling secondary knot potato, source 3000 strains of the annual saving of every square meter seedling, joint props up 150 yuan.(4) twice knot of detoxic seedling potato, it ties potato for the second time no longer needs vegetative growth phase (20 days), directly enters the knot potato phase, and can gather in the crops one batch of micro potato season at summer high temperature, improved a year cropping index, annual every square meter can increase income micro potato 4000-6000 grain, increases income 350 yuan of the output values.Experimental results show that and adopt the annual totle drilling cost of two batches of knots of individual plant potato production technology to save 11.6%, pure benefit value increases by 44.6%.
Numerous tissue cultural seedlings of free → B. detoxic seedling stem apex the cuttage that goes out of the indoor expansion of technological process of the present invention: A. group training in the detoxic seedling of cultivation bed → C. five leaves after first batch of micro potato results → E. of stem apex excisions → D. harvests potato wholeheartedly the time replant → old seedling secondary after F. replants ties second batch of micro potato of potato → G. and gathers in the crops.The nutrient solution that A → B, B → C, E → F process are used is (CN1048141A) original formulation, and the nutrient solution that C → D, F → G process is used is a new prescription of the present invention.
Describe all contrast experiment's data in detail characteristics of the present invention below:
(1) cultivation bed: the prior art cultivating facility is made up of the seedling-cultivating tray of long 53cm, wide 27cm, dark 6cm, and the present invention determines to adopt the cultivation bed ideal by test.
A. the degree of depth: with the degree of depth is that the cultivation bed of 7.5cm and seedling-cultivating tray that the degree of depth is 4.5cm are tested with under the condition simultaneously, and then the former is than the latter's the high 5cm of plant height; First batch of individual plant tied potato weight, and the former weighs 2.33 grams than the latter, reaches 216%; Survival rate of replantation of severed, the former is higher by 24% than the latter; The former increases income 2.22 gram/strains than the latter second batch of micro potato, reaches 347%.
B. length and width, height off the ground and mobility.Divide four the long 360cm of scheme: A., wide 96cm, high 50cm, removable; B. long 360cm, wide 96cm, high 10cm, removable; C. long 2500cm, wide 170cm, high 50cm, removable; D. long 2500cm, wide 170cm, high 50cm, can not move, investigate cuttage speed respectively, replant speed and workman's degree of fatigue.The result shows: the cuttage speed of A is respectively than D, C, fast 300 strains of B/people hour, 200 strains/people hour, 150 strains/people hour; Replant speed respectively fast 200 strains/people hour, 150 strains/people hour, 50 strains/people hour; The degree of fatigue of A is the lightest, and D is the heaviest; And cultivation bed is removable can also enlarge usable area.So A is a preferred plan.
C. cultivate the gradient ratio of bed.Divide five schemes: A. gradient ratio is 0; B. gradient is than 1/100; C. gradient is than 1/200; D. gradient is than 1/300; E. gradient is than 1/400.Under the situation of watering, investigate cuttage survival rate respectively, survival rate of replantation of severed, high and low end plant height, high and low first and second batch of end single plant yield more.The result shows that scheme D, E are for best: cuttage survival rate 100%; Survival rate of replantation of severed 95%; High-end plant height 18.3cm, low side plant height 18.4cm, relatively evenly; The single plant yield of high and low end is 4.1 gram/strains and 4.0 gram/strains for first batch, and second batch is 3.3 gram/strains and 3.1 gram/strains, also very even.So the gradient ratio is preferably 1/300-1/400.
D. the preferred plan of cultivation bed is: the long 360cm of cultivation bed, and wide 96cm, dark 7.5cm, height off the ground 50cm, gradient are than 1/300-1/400, and be removable.
(2) nutrient solution:
A. first service time of nutrient solution: the culture matrix of prior art is complicated (2/3 vermiculite and 1/3 careless carbon) too, forms not match with nutrient solution matrix can not be used continuously, and matrix is thrown away and caused waste.The present invention uses pure vermiculite instead as culture matrix, and filters out supporting with it nutrient solution prescription, makes matrix can use four batches continuously.Because micro potato is to produce in the culture matrix of pure vermiculite, does not have the potato seed piece to make nutrient source again, so the first service time of nutrient solution is quite important.Test is carried out in two sub-districts: during the firm cuttage in A district with regard to spraying nutrient solution; B district spray clear water, spraying nutrient solution again after taking root in 7 days.The result shows: although the rootage duration of the two is identical, after survival rate was 100%, 20 day, the plant height of A was than the high 7.5cm of plant height of B, and first batch, regrowth hair output A are than high respectively 0.53 gram/strain of B and 0.5 gram/strain.So the first use of nutrient solution should be carried out when cuttage just.
B. the relation of the composition of nutrient solution and different vegetative stages: different its nutrient demand of vegetative stage of any crop is all different, and this is directly related with yield and quality.We call original formulation to the nutrient solution prescription of prior art (CN1048141A), and the nutrient solution prescription that the present invention comes out by experiment sieving is called new prescription.This test divides is four sub-district: A. only with new prescription; B. only use original formulation; C. five leaves are wholeheartedly filled a prescription with new before the stem apex excision, use original formulation afterwards; D. opposite with C, earlier with filling a prescription with new behind the original formulation.The every dish output in four sub-districts of result of the test: A.B.C.D is respectively 118 grams, 136 grams, 120 grams and 175 grams, and D is the highest; The percentage of the yampi number of four sub-districts of A.B.C.D (more than 1 gram) is respectively 51%, 55%, 53%, 73%, and D is best.Arrange in pairs or groups to such an extent that the most now think so the nutrient solution of D sub-district is formed with the vegetative stage of rice shoot.
C. the preferred plan used of nutrient solution: adopt different nutrient solution prescriptions according to the different vegetative stages of rice shoot, (CN1048141A) original formulation (Ec value 1.0mmSo) is used in the firm cuttage of detoxic seedling during to " five leaves wholeheartedly ", stem apex is extractd the back and is adopted new prescription of the present invention, first batch of old seedling in micro potato results back adopts original formulation, the new prescription of two weeks back employing again when replanting.
Nutrient solution prescription of the present invention: magnesium sulfate 295 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 109 grams, urea 75 grams, potassium nitrate 182 grams, potassium sulphate 192 grams, nitrate of lime 378 grams, manganese sulphate 3 grams, boric acid 3 grams, copper sulphate 0.8 gram, zinc sulphate 0.4 gram, sodium molybdate 0.2 gram, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium 15 grams, sulfuric acid five iron 15 grams of containing per ton, all the other are water.
(3) stem apex is extractd the relation of tying potato with regrowth hair.Test divides five sub-district: A. three leaves wholeheartedly to cut point; B. four leaves wholeheartedly; C. five leaves wholeheartedly; D. six leaves wholeheartedly; E. for contrast, promptly do not cut point.It is thick to investigate stem respectively, plant height, leaf size, one batch, regrowth hair output.Result of the test sees Table 1:
Table 1. difference is cut the influence (unit: cm or g) of point phase to micro potato production
One batch of single plant yield regrowth hair of 20 days " Invest, Then Investigate " projects of project cuttage single plant yield is cut the heavy leaf of the thick plant height potato of point phase stem, (long * wide), (40 days), (30 days) three leaves wholeheartedly 0.3 3 0.7 9 * 3.7 1.17 0.6 4 leaves wholeheartedly 0.5 8 1.4 12.6 * 5.4 3.51 2.14 5 leaves wholeheartedly 0.5 14.5 1.5 13 * 5.5 4.46 3.71 6 leaves wholeheartedly 0.4 18 1.0 12 * 5 3.12 3.05 do not cut the point 0.4 21 0.2 9 * 4.2 2.70 1.72
From table in 1 as can be seen, whether stem apex is extractd and when is extractd, and the output of two batches of micro potatos is all had a significant impact, stem apex is extractd and can be promoted early to tie that potato, rice shoot stem slightly increase, the blade face increases, robust plant, and then old seedling survival rate of replantation of severed is increased, single plant yield improves, and reaches high yield.In addition, different growing stages is extractd stem apex, and is very big to the influence of producing, ideal when " five leaves are wholeheartedly " as can be seen from Table 1, both guaranteed that micro potato expands required trophosome, made rice shoot unlikely too high again, when secondary is transplanted, be difficult for lodging and rot, tie potato as early as possible and reach maximum output.
(4) old seedling is replanted: prior art is with just old seedling being thrown away after the cuttage in the detoxic seedling source knot potato, being caused significant wastage.The present invention replants utilization with old seedling after first batch of results of micro potato, not only cut the waste, and can shorten and replant old seedling vegetative period, directly enters the knot potato phase.Every batch of prior art production cycle needs 40-50 days, and old seedling is replanted and can be gathered in the crops in back 33 days, can increase income two batches of micro potatos thus every year, and annual every square meter increases income 4000-6000 grain micro potato.
A. receive potato and method for planting again: a little less than the illumination in winter, temperature is low, and unfavorable seedling growth but is beneficial to the knot potato, on the contrary summer.Receiving potato has two: one with method for planting again, and bean digging method promptly plucks out micro potato along the rice shoot base portion with finger, and rice shoot is motionless, still in former cultivation bed, covers one deck matrix after the results again or directly waters nutrient solution and carry out secondary cultivation; The 2nd, method for transplanting is about to rice shoot and holds up from matrix or pull up, and micro potato is put away, and rice shoot is colonizated in former cultivation bed or other cultivation bed again.Bean digging method is beneficial to seedling growth, unfavorable knot potato, otherwise method for transplanting.So it is most important that different receipts potato and method for planting again matched with season, we adopt diverse ways in different seasons respectively, obtain a result as table 2:
The different receipts potato of table 2. Various Seasonal and method for planting again are to the influence of second batch of micro potato
Project survival rate (%) the knot potato time (my god) single plant yield (gram)
Method summer winter in summer winter summer in winter
Bean digging method 95 100 79 2.7 1.8
Method for transplanting 54 91 57 3.6 2.85
Can draw from table 2 as drawing a conclusion: should adopt bean digging method winter, and should adopt method for transplanting summer.
B. forcing culture in summer: on May 27th, 96 was carried out experiment in cultivation simultaneously in two sub-districts: two district's areas respectively are 110 square meters, the detoxic seedling source cuttage of A district, replant with the old seedling of tying potato in the B district, other such as temperature, wetly deposit, conditions such as illumination, nutrient solution are all identical, obtaining a result sees Table 3:
Table 3. is replanted old seedling and detoxic seedling source cuttage forcing culture in summer test.
Project dates is tied after 20 days and is tied individual plant after 30 days after 20 days
Method potato rate (%) potato number (individual/strain) output (gram)
Old seedling is replanted 96.5.27 100 1.9 2.7
Seedling source cuttage 96.5.27 000
Lose the knot potato during seedling source cuttage, and old seedling is replanted, knot potato rate reaches 100%, and average individual plant knot potato number reaches 1.9.We may safely draw the conclusion: it is feasible adopting season old seedling to replant secondary knot potato at summer high temperature.Therefore, adopt old seedling to replant and to increase income one batch of micro potato season at the summer high temperature that can not produce originally, improved a year cropping index, reach the volume increase purpose.
Claims (4)
1. the production method of a potato virus-free micro-seed, comprise selection, seedling-cultivating tray and the medium of test-tube plantlet preparation, test-tube plantlet segment, chemicals treatment, stem segment cuttage, the button canopy is preserved moisture and temperature control, rich water quality management, micro potato results, it is characterized in that:
(1). culture matrix adopts pure vermiculite;
(2). extract stem apex when tissue cultural seedlings of free grows into " five leaves are wholeheartedly " behind the stem segment cuttage;
(3). after first batch of results of micro potato old seedling is replanted, winter is with bean digging method, summer receiving potato and replant with method for transplanting;
(4). adopt different nutrient solution prescriptions according to the different vegetative stages of rice shoot, (CN1048141A) original formulation is used in the firm cuttage of detoxic seedling during to " five leaves wholeheartedly ", stem apex is extractd the back and is adopted new prescription of the present invention, first batch of old seedling in micro potato results back adopts original formulation, the new prescription of two weeks back employing again when replanting;
(5). the old seedling secondary knot potato after replanting, replant second batch of micro potato results after about 33 days.
2. potato virus-free micro-seed production method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: micro potato is received potato and is replanted according to Various Seasonal employing distinct methods for first batch, bean digging method, promptly along the rice shoot base portion micro potato is plucked out with finger, rice shoot is motionless, still in former cultivation bed, cover one deck matrix after the results again or directly water nutrient solution and carry out secondary cultivation; The 2nd, method for transplanting is about to rice shoot and holds up from matrix or pull up, and micro potato is put away, and rice shoot is colonizated in former cultivation bed or other cultivation bed again.
3. potato virus-free micro-seed production method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: stem apex is extractd and old seedling is replanted the employed nutrient solution in two week backs macroelement magnesium sulfate 295 grams, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 109 grams, urea 75 grams, potassium nitrate 182 grams, potassium sulphate 192 grams, nitrate of lime 378 grams of containing per ton, trace element manganese sulphate 3 grams, boric acid 3 grams, copper sulphate 0.8 gram, zinc sulphate 0.4 gram, sodium molybdate 0.2 gram, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium 15 grams, sulfuric acid five iron 15 grams, all the other are water.
4. the cultivating facility of the described potato virus-free micro-seed production method of claim 1 special use is made up of the cultivation bed, it is characterized in that: the long 360cm of cultivation bed, and wide 96cm, dark 7.5cm, height off the ground 50cm, gradient are than 1/300-1/400, and the cultivation bed is removable.
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| CN97100658A CN1076947C (en) | 1997-03-10 | 1997-03-10 | Production method and cultivation equipment for miniature detoxicated potato seeds |
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| CN97100658A CN1076947C (en) | 1997-03-10 | 1997-03-10 | Production method and cultivation equipment for miniature detoxicated potato seeds |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1081886C (en) * | 1998-08-15 | 2002-04-03 | 黑龙江省农业科学院绥化农业科学研究所 | Matrix-less potato cultivating method and equipment |
| CN1326447C (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2007-07-18 | 孙周平 | Highly effective stereo breeding method and equipment for small de-poisoned patato |
| CN1330234C (en) * | 2005-07-07 | 2007-08-08 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Secondary shearing method for de-viruses potato germchit |
| CN102428868A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2012-05-02 | 李庆伟 | Development of novel potato test-tube plantlet culture medium |
| CN102498842A (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2012-06-20 | 达州市农业科学研究所 | Method for producing virus-free potato breeder's stock |
| CN103524194A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-22 | 曾令城 | Special soilless cultivation nutrition material for celery |
| CN103651070A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2014-03-26 | 内蒙古坤元太和农业科技有限公司 | Soilless cultivation method for cultivating miniature seed potatoes through potato virus elimination |
| CN103749109A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-30 | 丁志强 | Method for cultivating vegetables in space environments |
| CN104429866A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-03-25 | 延边大学 | Method for cultivating small potatoes which germinate without dormancy |
| CN105104208A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-02 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Strawberry tissue medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN105494055A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-04-20 | 郭喜文 | Potato test-tube plantlet transplanting seedling pressing technology |
| CN108041370A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-18 | 安徽鑫乐源食品有限公司 | A kind of processing method of the potato leaf health care beverage rich in dietary fiber and chlorogenic acid |
| CN111567380A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-08-25 | 昌江广凌农业科技有限公司 | Method for soilless vegetable cultivation |
| CN111937745A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-17 | 江苏宝德农业科技有限公司 | Tissue culture method for rapid propagation of tissue culture seedlings for field planting in production process of detoxified miniature potatoes |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1035844A (en) * | 1988-03-19 | 1989-09-27 | 诺沃特拉德公司 | In vitro-in vivo produce a kind of effective technology of the little knurl of potato |
| SU1678255A1 (en) * | 1988-06-16 | 1991-09-23 | Эстонский Научно-Исследовательский Институт Земледелия И Мелиорации | Method for accelerated potato propagation in tissue culture |
| KR920001196B1 (en) * | 1989-03-11 | 1992-02-06 | 한국과학기술원 | Propagation of potato by microtuber using petridish |
| CN1015594B (en) * | 1990-08-06 | 1992-02-26 | 天津市蔬菜研究所 | Production method for miniature de-toxicity breeding potatoes |
| CN1043718C (en) * | 1993-01-07 | 1999-06-23 | 天津市蔬菜研究所 | Fast propagation technique for potato using depoisoned small seed-potato |
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1997
- 1997-03-10 CN CN97100658A patent/CN1076947C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN1081886C (en) * | 1998-08-15 | 2002-04-03 | 黑龙江省农业科学院绥化农业科学研究所 | Matrix-less potato cultivating method and equipment |
| CN1326447C (en) * | 2004-12-23 | 2007-07-18 | 孙周平 | Highly effective stereo breeding method and equipment for small de-poisoned patato |
| CN1330234C (en) * | 2005-07-07 | 2007-08-08 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Secondary shearing method for de-viruses potato germchit |
| CN102428868A (en) * | 2011-09-16 | 2012-05-02 | 李庆伟 | Development of novel potato test-tube plantlet culture medium |
| CN102498842A (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2012-06-20 | 达州市农业科学研究所 | Method for producing virus-free potato breeder's stock |
| CN103651070A (en) * | 2012-09-11 | 2014-03-26 | 内蒙古坤元太和农业科技有限公司 | Soilless cultivation method for cultivating miniature seed potatoes through potato virus elimination |
| CN103524194A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2014-01-22 | 曾令城 | Special soilless cultivation nutrition material for celery |
| CN103524194B (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-09-30 | 曾令城 | The special soil-less culturing nutrient material of celery |
| CN103749109A (en) * | 2013-12-17 | 2014-04-30 | 丁志强 | Method for cultivating vegetables in space environments |
| CN105494055A (en) * | 2014-09-26 | 2016-04-20 | 郭喜文 | Potato test-tube plantlet transplanting seedling pressing technology |
| CN104429866A (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2015-03-25 | 延边大学 | Method for cultivating small potatoes which germinate without dormancy |
| CN105104208A (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2015-12-02 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Strawberry tissue medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN105104208B (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2017-04-26 | 江苏农林职业技术学院 | Strawberry tissue medium and preparation method thereof |
| CN108041370A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-05-18 | 安徽鑫乐源食品有限公司 | A kind of processing method of the potato leaf health care beverage rich in dietary fiber and chlorogenic acid |
| CN111567380A (en) * | 2020-06-18 | 2020-08-25 | 昌江广凌农业科技有限公司 | Method for soilless vegetable cultivation |
| CN111937745A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-17 | 江苏宝德农业科技有限公司 | Tissue culture method for rapid propagation of tissue culture seedlings for field planting in production process of detoxified miniature potatoes |
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| CN1076947C (en) | 2002-01-02 |
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