CN106069218B - A method of improving batch production greenhouse watermelon seedling graft seedling growth survival rate - Google Patents
A method of improving batch production greenhouse watermelon seedling graft seedling growth survival rate Download PDFInfo
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- CN106069218B CN106069218B CN201610488230.6A CN201610488230A CN106069218B CN 106069218 B CN106069218 B CN 106069218B CN 201610488230 A CN201610488230 A CN 201610488230A CN 106069218 B CN106069218 B CN 106069218B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/02—Germinating apparatus; Determining germination capacity of seeds or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
- A01G2/30—Grafting
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- Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for improving batch production greenhouse watermelon seedling graft seedling growth survival rate.This method is by selecting good stock and scion, watermelon scion is grafted on cucurbit or pumpkin rootstock, key technology is moisture content supplement and the sterilizing after grafting, pass through the thimerosal configured, under the premise of not influencing to graft fringe and stock fusion growth, external infections are avoided, the survival rate of grafting is substantially increased.Method production facility of the invention requires low, Grafting watermelon Overall Steps can be completed in 240 square metres of temperature control greenhouses, operating procedure is simple, it eliminates grafting adhesive, freeze seedling, outdoor hardening, reduce operating process without shifting to an earlier date 1d bud picking, saving a large amount of scripts needs a large amount of manually-operated time-consuming and laborious steps.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of crop planting method, in particular to a kind of raising batch production greenhouse watermelon seedling graft seedling growth
The method of survival rate.
Background technique
Watermelon is to disappear the summer rich in several mineral materials and vitamin to affix one's name to fruit, and the main staple crop of agricultural belongs to
It is welcome during Curcurbitaceae is melon by the masses, the wide crop of planted area.It is on the high side in plantation early spring, rainwater season, especially in facility
Under cultivation condition, watermelon continuous cropping is easy the harm by soil-borne diseases such as wilt diseases, influences liquid manure and absorbs so as to cause yield drop
Low and quality decline.Grafting watermelon cultivation is to overcome obstacle of being punished for being related to, improve the diseases hairs such as drought resisting low temperature tolerance ability, prevention and treatment wilt disease
One of raw most effective technical method, but because of the more difficult grasp of technology needed for grafting, the compatibility of stock different cultivars is poor
Different, engrafting method technology shortcoming, the factors such as scale Grafting watermelon management measure is not in place, batch production watermelon in actual production
Graft seedling growth survival rate and planting percent are lower.
Patent CN201510834665.7 discloses a kind of greenhouse watermelon grafting seeding cultivating method, needs to carry out before grafting operation
Water spray spray, is added certain density fungicide in Nutrition Soil, and when grafting needs two people's operations that could complete；Patent
CN201410647119.8 discloses a kind of method for improving Grafting watermelon survival rate, need to use graft union agent, and it is (single for matching
Position: part) cactus juice 6-9, asparagus juice 8-9, wild chrysanthemum 2-3, Radix Notoginseng 6-8, garden burnet 2-4, phenylacetic acid 4-6, poly-vinegar acid is according to alkene cream
Glue 5-10,6- benzyl aminoadenine 3-5, water 6-8；Patent CN201510197085.1 discloses a kind of raising Grafting watermelon and survives
The method of rate, need to spray the bactericidal agent centainly matched in seedling medium, and spray to watermelon seedling with rootstock seedling before grafting anti-
Plain solution.The survival rate of above-mentioned graft technology is not high, is not suitable for the requirement of extensive chemurgy production.
Summary of the invention
It is big to advise the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method for improving batch production greenhouse watermelon seedling graft seedling growth survival rate
Mould is produced applied to chemurgy.
A method of improving batch production greenhouse watermelon seedling graft seedling growth survival rate, which is characterized in that in accordance with the following steps
It carries out:
(1) stock prepares:
Graft seedling growth greenhouse selects traffic convenience, well-ventilated, nearby the place without influence seeling industry, pollution-free source,
Using the dome-shaped muiti-span greenhouse greenhouse of coating steel pipe structure, duplicature covering.
Stock seed preferentially selects cucurbit, pumpkin, the high qualification kind of seed purity, cleanliness, germination percentage.Using cucurbit and south
Melon makees stock, should shift to an earlier date 5-7 days than ingraftment seed and sow.
Bask seeds seed selection: Yu Qingtian basks seeds 2-3 hours, and chooses seeds to eliminate and have mechanical damage, pest and disease damage infection and not full
Seed.
Disinfection seed soaking: with the disinfectant (strong chlorine oil and 800-1000 times of thiophanate-methyl (wettable that concentration is 0.4wt%
Pulvis, active constituent content 70%) solution mixing) 6h is impregnated, it is cleaned 2-3 times after playing water with clear water, to wash removal kind sublist by rubbing with the hands
Face thimerosal and the mucus for inhibiting it to germinate.It places into 55 DEG C of warm water, is stirred continuously until 30 DEG C are cooled to, with dry after water
Only it binds up with gauze.
Vernalization sowing: the seed finished vernalization 10 hours in 35-38 DEG C of insulating box of soaking seed, then adjusting insulating box is 28-
30 DEG C vernalization 6 hours, bud is about 2mm sowing (stock kind of not germinateing continue insulating box vernalization).Keep nutrition in greenhouse and bowl
Seed bud program request 1.5cm downward is placed a stock kind in each bowl, covering 0.5-1cm makes fine earth by oneself, clearly by native room temperature
Water irrigates, covering with ground sheeting.
Post-broadcast management: control greenhouse temperature on daytime is 28-30 DEG C, and night is 20-25 DEG C, and 70% or more seed is taken off after breaking ground
Remove mulch.25 DEG C of room temperature on daytime of holding after Qi Miao, 18 DEG C of evening temperature, and appropriate ventilation.In rootstock seedling seedling age 10-15d,
2 cotyledons are open and flat and can be grafted when exposing rough leaf.
(2) scion prepares:
Good variety of watermelon is showed in selection production, seed selection of basking seeds, disinfection seed soaking step are identical as stock preparation.
Vernalization sowing: germination temperature is 32-35 DEG C, and seed dew bud can sow that (remaining watermelon seed continues insulating box and urges
Bud).Sowing, which preferably uses, broadcasts sowing, evenly laid out in the seedlings nursing plate of 60*30*3cm, and seedling panel surface covers 0.5-1cm and moistens fine earth,
Clear water irrigates, covering with ground sheeting.
Post-broadcast management: watermelon seedling should keep 30 degree or so, and it is neat to be conducive to emergence.It is put into seedling cultivation greenhouse when neat seedling and sees nature
Light can be used to graft after seedling age 5d, 1 clear water of spray in first 1 day be grafted, to keep the abundant moisture content of rice shoot.
(3) engrafting method:
Prepare before grafting: grafting a few days ago suitably will divulge information and keep, and grafting the previous day scion watermelon seedling will be mended suitably
Water (water spray).Grafting needle is got out, blade uses 0.1wt% potassium permanganate disinfection solution, formulates and sterilizes according to production scale situation
Frequency and more allowing blade replacement frequency, by this method experience 1000 young plants of every grafting or so, replacement disinfection grafting needle and blade.
Method of plant propagation with cutting grafting: keeping humidity 95% or more in greenhouse when grafting, first by stock rough leaf base portion together with
Growing point is erased together, then grafting needle from the super another cotyledon petioles base portion in growing point position at 45 degree of oblique cuttings, make to graft needle point
Expose stock, is kept fixed.Hypocotyl, wedging are cut off in watermelon scion at cotyledon base portion 1.5cm with blade.Then
It extracts and grafts needle on stock, exposing one millimeter in the jack that grafting needle is put on the watermelon fringe insertion stock cut, with grafting
It clamps.
When doing stock using pumpkin, 2 cotyledons of pumpkin are wiped out 2/3 after the completion of grafting operation.
(4) grafting post-processing:
Configure protective fungicide solution mixed liquor, content concn are as follows: the hymexazol (cream of 5000 times of dilutions (parts by weight)
Oil type, content 10%)；The carbendazim (wettable powder, active constituent content 50%) of concentration 0.08wt%；Concentration 0.1wt%
Bravo (wettable powder, active constituent content 75%).
The watermelon rice shoot grafted is directly placed into the water pond for filling protective fungicide solution, and solution deep is no more than educated
Seedling alms bowl is placed about 20 minutes and suctions germicidal solution to the soil in pot for growing seedlings, the visible wettability of surface layer soil, then grafting
Grafted Watermelon seedling pot for growing seedlings is put into watermelon seedling culturing pond from taking-up in water pond.
Bedding plastic film (preventing erosion) in nursery pond, puts up Small plastic shed after putting grafting alms bowl well, covers white
Film is kept the temperature, as covered sunshade net again in sunny Small plastic shed canopy film.One week observed wound healing later, grafting
Folder is won, while having seen whether that stock true leaf is grown, and is then extractd immediately if any growth.
Routinely management carries out for grafting management.Grafting shoot survival percent can reach 98% or more.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the present invention to pass through a series of standardized operations and skill
Art measure improves, and realizes the high-affinity of the different stock varieties such as pumpkin, cucurbit, wax gourd, substantially enhances seedling disease resistance,
And solves the problems, such as existing graft survival rate.Method production facility requirement of the invention is low, in 240 square metres of temperature controls
Grafting watermelon Overall Steps can be completed in (mountable air-conditioning) in greenhouse, and operating procedure is simple, eliminate grafting adhesive, freeze
Seedling, outdoor hardening and etc., reduce operating process without shifting to an earlier date 1d bud picking, saving a large amount of scripts need to be a large amount of manually-operated
Time-consuming and laborious step.More greenhouse large-scale production graftings, which can reach, produces 200000 batches in year, realizes batch production
The economic benefit of large-scale production is substantially improved.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is techniqueflow chart of the invention.
Fig. 2 is grafting operation schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail, it is to be understood that guarantor of the invention
Shield range is not limited by the specific implementation.
Techniqueflow chart of the invention is as shown in Figure 1.
Embodiment 1
It selects the watermelon seedling of kylin melon 84-24 kind as scion, is grafted onto the dedicated stock of cucurbit seedling, sowing time 1
The middle ten days in month.Cucurbit stock kind shifts to an earlier date 5 days than kylin melon 84-24 and sows.
(1) stock prepares:
Cucurbit stock kind is basked seeds after seed selection, with the disinfectant (strong chlorine oil and 800-1000 times of methyl sulphur that concentration is 0.4wt%
The mixing of bacterium spirit (wettable powder, active constituent content 70%) solution) 6h is impregnated, it is cleaned 2-3 times after playing water with clear water, to wash by rubbing with the hands
Removal the surface of the seed thimerosal and the mucus for inhibiting it to germinate.It places into 55 DEG C of warm water, is stirred continuously up to being cooled to 30 DEG C,
It rises after water with completely binding up with gauze.
Vernalization sowing: the seed finished vernalization 10 hours in 35-38 DEG C of insulating box of soaking seed, then adjusting insulating box is 28-
30 DEG C vernalization 6 hours, bud is about 2mm sowing (stock kind of not germinateing continue insulating box vernalization).Keep nutrition in greenhouse and bowl
Seed bud program request 1.5cm downward is placed a stock kind in each bowl, covering 0.5-1cm makes fine earth by oneself, clearly by native room temperature
Water irrigates, covering with ground sheeting.
Post-broadcast management: control greenhouse temperature on daytime is 28-30 DEG C, and night is 20-25 DEG C, and 70% or more seed is taken off after breaking ground
Remove mulch.25 DEG C of room temperature on daytime of holding after Qi Miao, 18 DEG C of evening temperature, and appropriate ventilation.In rootstock seedling seedling age 10-15d,
2 cotyledons are open and flat and can be grafted when exposing rough leaf.
(2) scion prepares:
Kylin melon 84-24 bask seeds seed selection, disinfection seed soaking step it is identical as cucurbit seedling preparation.Germination temperature is 32-35 DEG C, kind
Son dew bud can sow (remaining watermelon seed continues insulating box vernalization).Sowing, which preferably uses, broadcasts sowing, evenly laid out in 60*30*3cm's
In seedlings nursing plate, seedling panel surface covers 0.5-1cm and moistens fine earth, and clear water irrigates, covering with ground sheeting.
Post-broadcast management: kept for 30 degree be conducive to emergence neatly.It is put into seedling cultivation greenhouse when neat seedling and sees natural light, after seedling age 5d
It can be used to graft, 1 clear water of spray in first 1 day grafted, to keep the abundant moisture content of rice shoot.
(3) (work flow diagram is as shown in Figure 2) is grafted:
Prepare before grafting: grafting a few days ago suitably will divulge information and keep, and grafting the previous day kylin melon 84-24 scion seedling is wanted
Appropriate moisturizing (water spray).
Method of plant propagation with cutting grafting: keeping humidity 95% or more in greenhouse when grafting, first by stock rough leaf base portion together with
Growing point is erased together, then grafting needle from the super another cotyledon petioles base portion in growing point position at 45 degree of oblique cuttings, make to graft needle point
Expose stock, is kept fixed.Hypocotyl, wedging are cut off in watermelon scion at cotyledon base portion 1.5cm with blade.Then
It extracts and grafts needle on stock, exposing one millimeter in the jack that grafting needle is put on the watermelon fringe insertion stock cut, with grafting
It clamps.
(4) technology after grafting:
Configure protective fungicide solution mixed liquor, content mass concentration are as follows: hymexazol (missible oil type, the content of 5000 times of liquid
10%), it is scaled 0.02% that mass percent is total sterilization mixed liquor；(wettable powder has the carbendazim of concentration 0.08%
Effective component content 50%)；The Bravo (wettable powder, active constituent content 75%) of concentration 0.1%.
The watermelon rice shoot grafted is directly placed into the water pond for filling protective fungicide solution, and solution deep is no more than educated
Seedling alms bowl is placed about 20 minutes and suctions germicidal solution to the soil in pot for growing seedlings, the visible wettability of surface layer soil, then grafting
Grafted Watermelon seedling pot for growing seedlings is put into watermelon seedling culturing pond from taking-up in water pond.
Bedding plastic film (preventing erosion) in nursery pond, puts up Small plastic shed after putting grafting alms bowl well, covers white
Film is kept the temperature, as covered sunshade net again in sunny Small plastic shed canopy film.One week observed wound healing later, grafting
Folder is won, while having seen whether that stock true leaf is grown, and is then extractd immediately if any growth.
(5) routinely management carries out for grafting management.Grafting shoot survival percent can reach 99%, and cucurbit seedling makees the kylin of stock
0.6 yuan/plant of melon 84-24 Grafted Watermelon Seedlings average unit cost, 0.9 yuan/plant of sale price, profit is up to 0.3 yuan/plant.
Embodiment 2
It selects the watermelon seedling of red small beautiful kind as scion, is grafted onto the dedicated stock of pumpkin seedling, the sowing time is under March
Ten days.Pumpkin rootstock kind was sowed than red small beautiful 6 days in advance.
(1) stock prepares:
Pumpkin rootstock kind is basked seeds after seed selection, with the disinfectant (strong chlorine oil and 800-1000 times of methyl sulphur that concentration is 0.4wt%
The mixing of bacterium spirit (wettable powder, active constituent content 70%) solution) 6h is impregnated, it is cleaned 2-3 times after playing water with clear water, to wash by rubbing with the hands
Removal the surface of the seed thimerosal and the mucus for inhibiting it to germinate.It places into 55 DEG C of warm water, is stirred continuously up to being cooled to 30 DEG C,
It rises after water with completely binding up with gauze.
Vernalization sowing: the seed finished vernalization 10 hours in 35-38 DEG C of insulating box of soaking seed, then adjusting insulating box is 28-
30 DEG C vernalization 6 hours, bud is about 2mm sowing (stock kind of not germinateing continue insulating box vernalization).Keep nutrition in greenhouse and bowl
Seed bud program request 1.5cm downward is placed a stock kind in each bowl, covering 0.5-1cm makes fine earth by oneself, clearly by native room temperature
Water irrigates, covering with ground sheeting.
Post-broadcast management: control greenhouse temperature on daytime is 28-30 DEG C, and night is 20-25 DEG C, and 70% or more seed is taken off after breaking ground
Remove mulch.25 DEG C of room temperature on daytime of holding after Qi Miao, 18 DEG C of evening temperature, and appropriate ventilation.In rootstock seedling seedling age 10-15d,
2 cotyledons are open and flat and can be grafted when exposing rough leaf.
(2) scion prepares:
Red small jade bask seeds seed selection, disinfection seed soaking step it is identical as pumpkin seedling preparation.Germination temperature is 32-35 DEG C, seed dew
Bud can sow (remaining watermelon seed continues insulating box vernalization).Sowing, which preferably uses, broadcasts sowing, the evenly laid out nursery in 60*30*3cm
In disk, seedling panel surface covers 0.5-1cm and moistens fine earth, and clear water irrigates, covering with ground sheeting.
Post-broadcast management: kept for 30 degree be conducive to emergence neatly.It is put into seedling cultivation greenhouse when neat seedling and sees natural light, after seedling age 5d
It can be used to graft, 1 clear water of spray in first 1 day grafted, to keep the abundant moisture content of rice shoot.
(3) it grafts:
Prepare before grafting: grafting a few days ago suitably will divulge information and keep, and grafting the previous day, red small beautiful scion seedling was appropriate
Moisturizing (water spray).
Method of plant propagation with cutting grafting: keeping humidity 95% or more in greenhouse when grafting, first by stock rough leaf base portion together with
Growing point is erased together, then grafting needle from the super another cotyledon petioles base portion in growing point position at 45 degree of oblique cuttings, make to graft needle point
Expose stock, is kept fixed.Hypocotyl, wedging are cut off in watermelon scion at cotyledon base portion 1.5cm with blade.Then
It extracts and grafts needle on stock, exposing one millimeter in the jack that grafting needle is put on the watermelon fringe insertion stock cut, with grafting
It clamps.
2 cotyledons of pumpkin rootstock are wiped out 2/3 after the completion of grafting operation.
(4) technology after grafting:
Configure protective fungicide solution mixed liquor, content mass concentration are as follows: hymexazol (missible oil type, the content of 5000 times of liquid
10%), it is scaled 0.02% that mass percent is total sterilization mixed liquor；(wettable powder has the carbendazim of concentration 0.08%
Effective component content 50%)；The Bravo (wettable powder, active constituent content 75%) of concentration 0.1%.
The watermelon rice shoot grafted is directly placed into the water pond for filling protective fungicide solution, and solution deep is no more than educated
Seedling alms bowl is placed about 20 minutes and suctions germicidal solution to the soil in pot for growing seedlings, the visible wettability of surface layer soil, then grafting
Grafted Watermelon seedling pot for growing seedlings is put into watermelon seedling culturing pond from taking-up in water pond.
Bedding plastic film (preventing erosion) in nursery pond, puts up Small plastic shed after putting grafting alms bowl well, covers white
Film is kept the temperature, as covered sunshade net again in sunny Small plastic shed canopy film.One week observed wound healing later, grafting
Folder is won, while having seen whether that stock true leaf is grown, and is then extractd immediately if any growth.
(5) routinely management carries out for grafting management.Grafting shoot survival percent can reach 98%, and pumpkin makees the red small jade of stock
0.7 yuan/plant of Grafted Watermelon Seedlings average unit cost, 1.1 yuan/plant of sale price, profit is up to 0.4 yuan/plant.
Embodiment 3
It selects the watermelon seedling of kylin melon 84-24 kind as scion, is grafted onto the dedicated stock of cucurbit seedling, sowing time 1
The middle ten days in month.Cucurbit stock kind shifts to an earlier date 5 days than kylin melon 84-24 and sows.
(1) stock prepares:
Cucurbit stock kind is basked seeds after seed selection, with the disinfectant (strong chlorine oil and 800-1000 times of methyl sulphur that concentration is 0.4wt%
The mixing of bacterium spirit (wettable powder, active constituent content 70%) solution) 6h is impregnated, it is cleaned 2-3 times after playing water with clear water, to wash by rubbing with the hands
Removal the surface of the seed thimerosal and the mucus for inhibiting it to germinate.It places into 55 DEG C of warm water, is stirred continuously up to being cooled to 30 DEG C,
It rises after water with completely binding up with gauze.
Vernalization sowing: the seed finished vernalization 10 hours in 35-38 DEG C of insulating box of soaking seed, then adjusting insulating box is 28-
30 DEG C vernalization 6 hours, bud is about 2mm sowing (stock kind of not germinateing continue insulating box vernalization).Keep nutrition in greenhouse and bowl
Seed bud program request 1.5cm downward is placed a stock kind in each bowl, covering 0.5-1cm makes fine earth by oneself, clearly by native room temperature
Water irrigates, covering with ground sheeting.
Post-broadcast management: control greenhouse temperature on daytime is 28-30 DEG C, and night is 20-25 DEG C, and 70% or more seed is taken off after breaking ground
Remove mulch.25 DEG C of room temperature on daytime of holding after Qi Miao, 18 DEG C of evening temperature, and appropriate ventilation.In rootstock seedling seedling age 10-15d,
2 cotyledons are open and flat and can be grafted when exposing rough leaf.
(2) scion prepares:
Kylin melon 84-24 bask seeds seed selection, disinfection seed soaking step it is identical as cucurbit seedling preparation.Germination temperature is 32-35 DEG C, kind
Son dew bud can sow (remaining watermelon seed continues insulating box vernalization).Sowing, which preferably uses, broadcasts sowing, evenly laid out in 60*30*3cm's
In seedlings nursing plate, seedling panel surface covers 0.5-1cm and moistens fine earth, and clear water irrigates, covering with ground sheeting.
Post-broadcast management: kept for 30 degree be conducive to emergence neatly.It is put into seedling cultivation greenhouse when neat seedling and sees natural light, after seedling age 5d
It can be used to graft, 1 clear water of spray in first 1 day grafted, to keep the abundant moisture content of rice shoot.
(3) it grafts:
Prepare before grafting: grafting a few days ago suitably will divulge information and keep, and grafting the previous day kylin melon 84-24 scion seedling is wanted
Appropriate moisturizing (water spray).
Method of plant propagation with cutting grafting: keeping humidity 95% or more in greenhouse when grafting, first by stock rough leaf base portion together with
Growing point is erased together, then grafting needle from the super another cotyledon petioles base portion in growing point position at 45 degree of oblique cuttings, make to graft needle point
Expose stock, is kept fixed.Hypocotyl, wedging are cut off in watermelon scion at cotyledon base portion 1.5cm with blade.Then
It extracts and grafts needle on stock, exposing one millimeter in the jack that grafting needle is put on the watermelon fringe insertion stock cut, with grafting
It clamps.
(4) technology after grafting:
Protective fungicide solution is configured, is Herba monochoriae vaginalis extract that solids level concentration is 0.5% or solids level concentration is
The daghestan sweet clover extract that 1.5% Commeline communis extract or solids level concentration is 0.8%.
The extracting method of the Herba monochoriae vaginalis extract are as follows: take Monochoria vaginalis cauline leaf, dry, clay into power, add 3-8 times of 70% second
Alcohol solution refluxing extraction 3 times, merging filtrate is evaporated and is made.
The extracting method of the Commeline communis extract are as follows: take Monochoria vaginalis cauline leaf, dry, clay into power, add 3-8 times of 70% second
Alcohol solution refluxing extraction 3 times, merging filtrate is evaporated and is made.
The extracting method of the daghestan sweet clover extract are as follows: take daghestan sweet clover cauline leaf, dry, clay into power, add 3-8 times of 70% second
Alcohol solution refluxing extraction 3 times, merging filtrate is evaporated and is made.
The watermelon rice shoot grafted is directly placed into the water pond for filling protective fungicide solution, and solution deep is no more than educated
Seedling alms bowl is placed about 20 minutes and suctions germicidal solution to the soil in pot for growing seedlings, the visible wettability of surface layer soil, then grafting
Grafted Watermelon seedling pot for growing seedlings is put into watermelon seedling culturing pond from taking-up in water pond.
Bedding plastic film (preventing erosion) in nursery pond, puts up Small plastic shed after putting grafting alms bowl well, covers white
Film is kept the temperature, as covered sunshade net again in sunny Small plastic shed canopy film.One week observed wound healing later, grafting
Folder is won, while having seen whether that stock true leaf is grown, and is then extractd immediately if any growth.
(5) routinely management carries out for grafting management.Grafting shoot survival percent can reach 99.9%, and cucurbit seedling makees the Qi of stock
0.6 yuan/plant of unicorn melon 84-24 Grafted Watermelon Seedlings average unit cost, 0.9 yuan/plant of sale price, profit is up to 0.3 yuan/plant.
Comparative example
It selects the watermelon seedling of kylin melon 84-24 kind as scion, is grafted onto the dedicated stock of cucurbit seedling, sowing time 1
The middle ten days in month.Cucurbit stock kind shifts to an earlier date 5 days than kylin melon 84-24 and sows.
(1) stock prepares:
Cucurbit stock kind is basked seeds after seed selection, with the disinfectant (strong chlorine oil and 800-1000 times of methyl sulfur bacterium that concentration is 0.4%
Clever (wettable powder, active constituent content 70%) solution mixing) 6h is impregnated, it is cleaned 2-3 times after playing water with clear water, to wash by rubbing with the hands
Except the surface of the seed thimerosal and the mucus for inhibiting it to germinate.It places into 55 DEG C of warm water, is stirred continuously up to being cooled to 30 DEG C, rises
With completely binding up with gauze after water.
Vernalization sowing: the seed finished vernalization 10 hours in 35-38 DEG C of insulating box of soaking seed, then adjusting insulating box is 28-
30 DEG C vernalization 6 hours, bud is about 2mm sowing (stock kind of not germinateing continue insulating box vernalization).Keep nutrition in greenhouse and bowl
Seed bud program request 1.5cm downward is placed a stock kind in each bowl, covering 0.5-1cm makes fine earth by oneself, clearly by native room temperature
Water irrigates, covering with ground sheeting.
Post-broadcast management: control greenhouse temperature on daytime is 28-30 DEG C, and night is 20-25 DEG C, and 70% or more seed is taken off after breaking ground
Remove mulch.25 DEG C of room temperature on daytime of holding after Qi Miao, 18 DEG C of evening temperature, and appropriate ventilation.In rootstock seedling seedling age 10-15d,
2 cotyledons are open and flat and can be grafted when exposing rough leaf.
(2) scion prepares:
Kylin melon 84-24 bask seeds seed selection, disinfection seed soaking step it is identical as cucurbit seedling preparation.Germination temperature is 32-35 DEG C, kind
Son dew bud can sow (remaining watermelon seed continues insulating box vernalization).Sowing, which preferably uses, broadcasts sowing, evenly laid out in 60*30*3cm's
In seedlings nursing plate, seedling panel surface covers 0.5-1cm and moistens fine earth, and clear water irrigates, covering with ground sheeting.
Post-broadcast management: kept for 30 degree be conducive to emergence neatly.It is put into seedling cultivation greenhouse when neat seedling and sees natural light, after seedling age 5d
It can be used to graft, 1 clear water of spray in first 1 day grafted, to keep the abundant moisture content of rice shoot.
(3) it grafts:
Prepare before grafting: grafting a few days ago suitably will divulge information and keep, and grafting the previous day kylin melon 84-24 scion seedling is wanted
Appropriate moisturizing (water spray).
Method of plant propagation with cutting grafting: keeping humidity 95% or more in greenhouse when grafting, first by stock rough leaf base portion together with
Growing point is erased together, then grafting needle from the super another cotyledon petioles base portion in growing point position at 45 degree of oblique cuttings, make to graft needle point
Expose stock, is kept fixed.Hypocotyl, wedging are cut off in watermelon scion at cotyledon base portion 1.5cm with blade.Then
It extracts and grafts needle on stock, exposing one millimeter in the jack that grafting needle is put on the watermelon fringe insertion stock cut, with grafting
It clamps.
(4) technology after grafting:
Configure protective fungicide solution, content mass concentration are as follows: the hymexazol (missible oil type, content 10%) of 5000 times of liquid,
It is scaled 0.02% that mass percent is total sterilization mixed liquor；Or concentration 0.08% carbendazim (wettable powder, effectively
Component content 50%)；Or the Bravo (wettable powder, active constituent content 75%) of concentration 0.1%.
Or configuration protective fungicide solution mixed liquor, content mass concentration are as follows: 0.02% hymexazol (missible oil type, content
And the carbendazim of concentration 0.08% (wettable powder, active constituent content 50%) 10%)；The carbendazim of concentration 0.08% (can
Wet powder, active constituent content 50%) and concentration 0.1% Bravo (wettable powder, active constituent content 75%)；It is dense
The Bravo (wettable powder, active constituent content 75%) and 0.02% hymexazol (missible oil type, content 10%) of degree 0.1%.
Or use 0.02% hymexazol (missible oil type, content 10%), concentration 0.08% carbendazim (wettable powder,
Active constituent content 50%) and concentration 0.1% triadimefon；
Or using 0.08% carbendazim, 0.1% Bravo and concentration 0.02%DT fungicide；
The watermelon rice shoot grafted is directly placed into the water pond for filling protective fungicide solution, and solution deep is no more than educated
Seedling alms bowl is placed about 20 minutes and suctions germicidal solution to the soil in pot for growing seedlings, the visible wettability of surface layer soil, then grafting
Grafted Watermelon seedling pot for growing seedlings is put into watermelon seedling culturing pond from taking-up in water pond.
Bedding plastic film (preventing erosion) in nursery pond, puts up Small plastic shed after putting grafting alms bowl well, covers white
Film is kept the temperature, as covered sunshade net again in sunny Small plastic shed canopy film.One week observed wound healing later, grafting
Folder is won, while having seen whether that stock true leaf is grown, and is then extractd immediately if any growth.
(5) routinely management carries out for grafting management.Using the disinfection technology scheme graft survival rate of 0.02% hymexazol
It is 65%；Use the disinfection technology scheme graft survival rate of 0.08% carbendazim for 66%；Disappeared using 0.1% Bravo
Malicious technical solution graft survival rate is 65%；
The disinfection technology scheme graft survival rate for using 0.02% hymexazol mixed with 0.08% carbendazim is 88%；It adopts
It is 87% with the mixed disinfection technology scheme graft survival rate of 0.08% carbendazim and 0.1% Bravo；Using 0.1%
Bravo and the disinfection technology scheme graft survival rate of 0.02% hymexazol are 89%；13 kinds of mixed disinfection technology sides of embodiment
Case graft survival rate is 99%；It can be seen that use with two-by-two between fungicide in 3 has the effect of synergy compared with single dose, 3 kinds
One reinstate it is more obvious compared to the effect of single dose synergy.
Using 0.02% hymexazol, the disinfection technology scheme of the triadimefon of the carbendazim and concentration 0.1% of concentration 0.08%
Graft survival rate is 45%；It proves that Bravo cannot be substituted using insecticide similar with its, antagonism can be generated after substitution；
Or using 0.08% carbendazim, 0.1% Bravo and the disinfection technology side of concentration 0.02%DT fungicide
Case graft survival rate is 46%；It proves that Bravo cannot be substituted using insecticide similar with its, antagonism can be generated after substitution.
Disclosed above is only several specific embodiments of the invention, and still, the present invention is not limited to this, any ability
What the technical staff in domain can think variation should all fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. it is a kind of improve batch production greenhouse watermelon seedling graft seedling growth survival rate method, which is characterized in that in accordance with the following steps into
Row:
(1) Culture media is packed into pot for growing seedlings and nursery seedling disk, by stock seed in pot for growing seedlings, vernalization sowing；
(2) seed of variety of watermelon to be grafted is selected, vernalization is sowed in nursery seedling disk, for grafting after seedling age 5 days；
(3) grafting environment keeps humidity 95% or more, and first stock rough leaf base portion is erased together with growing point, then
Grafting needle from growing point position towards another cotyledon petioles base portion at 45 degree of oblique cuttings, makes to graft needle point exposing stock, be kept fixed,
Hypocotyl is cut off in watermelon scion at cotyledon base portion 1.5cm with blade, then wedging is extracted on stock and grafts needle,
Exposing one millimeter in the jack that grafting needle is put on the watermelon fringe insertion stock cut, clamped with Grafting clip；
(4) the watermelon rice shoot grafted is put into the water pond for filling protective fungicide solution, and solution deep is no more than pot for growing seedlings, is put
It sets 15-25 minutes, then the Grafted Watermelon seedling pot for growing seedlings grafted is put into watermelon seedling culturing pond from taking-up in water pond；
Bedding plastic film in nursery pond, a week observes wound healing later, Grafting clip is won, while having seen whether
The growth of stock true leaf, is then extractd immediately if any growth；
Wherein, the protective fungicide solution is the aqueous solution containing following weight percent composition: 0.02% hymexazol,
0.08% carbendazim and 0.1% Bravo.
2. the method according to claim 1 for improving batch production greenhouse watermelon seedling graft seedling growth survival rate, which is characterized in that
The stock seed is cucurbit and/or Pumpkin Seed.
3. the method according to claim 1 for improving batch production greenhouse watermelon seedling graft seedling growth survival rate, which is characterized in that
The vernalization seeding process of the stock seed are as follows: select cucurbit and/or Pumpkin Seed, Yu Qingtian to bask seeds 2-3 hours, and choose seeds and wash in a pan
Eliminate mechanical damage, pest and disease damage infection and not full seed, the strong chlorine oil and 800-1000 times of methyl for being 0.4wt% with concentration
Thiophanate impregnates 6h, is cleaned 2-3 times after playing water with clear water, viscous to wash removal the surface of the seed thimerosal by rubbing with the hands and it is inhibited to germinate
Liquid places into 55 DEG C of warm water, is stirred continuously until be cooled to 30 DEG C, rises after water with completely binding up with gauze, the kind finished of soaking seed
Son vernalization 10 hours in 35-38 DEG C of insulating box, then adjust insulating box be 28-30 DEG C vernalization 6 hours, the long 1.5-2.5mm of bud is broadcast
Kind, by seed bud program request 1.5cm downward, a stock kind is placed in each bowl, covering 0.5-1cm makes fine earth by oneself, and clear water pours
Thoroughly, covering with ground sheeting, control greenhouse temperature on daytime be 28-30 DEG C, night be 20-25 DEG C, 70% or more seed break ground after releasably
Film, keeps 25 DEG C of room temperature on daytime after neat seedling, and 18 DEG C of evening temperature, in rootstock seedling seedling age 10-15d, 2 cotyledons are open and flat and expose the
It can be grafted when a piece of true leaf.
4. the method according to claim 1 for improving batch production greenhouse watermelon seedling graft seedling growth survival rate, which is characterized in that
The watermelon seed vernalization seeding process are as follows: select watermelon seed, Yu Qingtian basks seeds 2-3 hour, and chooses seeds and superseded have mechanical damage
Wound, pest and disease damage infection and not full seed, the strong chlorine oil for being 0.4wt% with concentration are impregnated with 800-1000 times of thiophanate-methyl
6h is cleaned 2-3 times after playing water with clear water, with the mucus washed removal the surface of the seed thimerosal by rubbing with the hands and it is inhibited to germinate, places into 55
It in DEG C warm water, is stirred continuously until be cooled to 30 DEG C, rises after water with completely binding up with gauze, the seed finished of soaking seed is in 32-35 DEG C
Vernalization 8-12 hours in insulating box, seed dew bud can be sowed, evenly laid out in the seedlings nursing plate of 60*30*3cm using broadcasting sowing,
Seedling panel surface covers 0.5-1cm and moistens fine earth, and clear water irrigates, and covering with ground sheeting, watermelon seedling growing environment is maintained at 28-32 degree, together
It is put into seedling cultivation greenhouse when seedling and sees natural light, can be used to graft after seedling age 5d, grafts 1 clear water of spray in first 1 day.
5. the method according to claim 1 for improving batch production greenhouse watermelon seedling graft seedling growth survival rate, which is characterized in that
Preparation process is as follows before the grafting: grafting is a few days ago divulged information, and grafting the previous day scion watermelon seedling moisturizing is ready to graft
Needle, blade use 0.1wt% potassium permanganate disinfection solution, 1000 young plants of every grafting or so, replacement disinfection grafting needle and blade.
6. the method according to claim 1 for improving batch production greenhouse watermelon seedling graft seedling growth survival rate, which is characterized in that
When the grafting does stock using pumpkin, 2 cotyledons of pumpkin are wiped out 2/3 after the completion of grafting operation.
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| CN107173071A (en) * | 2017-05-27 | 2017-09-19 | 北京华农农业工程技术有限公司 | A kind of industrialized vegetable graft seedling growth production technology |
| CN107197698A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-09-26 | 陈付记 | A kind of root pruning and grafting method for culturing seedlings that watermelon is cultivated for second crop soil |
| CN109089579B (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2021-04-06 | 中国农业大学 | Cucumber hypocotyl grafting method for rootstock-ear interaction research |
| CN108886992A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-11-27 | 和县中禾农业科技有限公司 | A kind of method of solanaceous vegetables graft seedling growth |
| CN109121781A (en) * | 2018-08-16 | 2019-01-04 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of Grafting watermelon method |
| CN108886908A (en) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-11-27 | 盐城市新洋农业试验站 | A kind of Grafting watermelon stock cucurbit seed accelerating germination method |
| CN109258158A (en) * | 2018-11-09 | 2019-01-25 | 湖南生物机电职业技术学院 | A method of promoting Grafted Watermelon Seedlings wound healing |
| CN109906856B (en) * | 2019-04-03 | 2021-04-23 | 东北林业大学 | Artificial assisted cultivation method for salix mongolica in rainy season in saline-alkali land of tender plain |
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