CN1081886C

CN1081886C - Matrix-less potato cultivating method and equipment

Info

Publication number: CN1081886C
Application number: CN98115898A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 尹作全; 沈德茹; 于洪涛
Original assignee: Suihua Institute Of Agricultural Sciences Heilongjiang Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Suihua Institute Of Agricultural Sciences Heilongjiang Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 1998-08-15
Filing date: 1998-08-15
Publication date: 2002-04-03
Anticipated expiration: 2018-08-15
Also published as: CN1207866A

Abstract

The present invention belongs to the technical field of the soilless cultivation of potato seeds. Detoxified test-tube seedlings are cultivated in a tapered bottle for strengthening the seedlings until the seedlings have 8 leaves more or less. The seedlings are soaked in 20 ppm of naphthalene acetic acid for 2 to 4 hours, and rooted in the permanent planting holes 12 of a cultivation bed 11. A water pump 5 is controlled by a timer 4 to spray liquid once at the interval of 3 to 5 minutes, and each time takes 30 to 50 seconds. The liquid is sprayed into a mist shape from a spray head, and mother liquid falling into a permanent planting groove 9 flows back to a liquid storage tank 1 from a liquid return pipe 8. Nutrient liquid 2 in the liquid storage tank is prepared by diluting A, B, C and D four kinds of mother liquid. The temperature of the nutrient liquid is from 18 DEG C to 21 DEG C, and the nutrient liquid is changed once every half month. Dark roots are maintained, and black greenhouse films are used for regulating light. The present invention can realize industrial operation and produce nontoxic potato seeds.

Description

Matrix-less potato cultivating method and equipment

Technical field

The invention belongs to seed potato and breed the technical field of soilless culture.

Background technology

Potato be a kind of widely distributed, adaptability is strong, output is high, nutritious suitable grain, should dish, should raise, be fit to do the crop that raw material of industry etc. serves many purposes, be one of the world four big crops, potato is the yield per unit area height not only, and variety type is many, both be fit to multiple ecological area plantation, be again the crop that combats the drought and carry out relief work, claim that in Europe potato is second bread.

The potato sowing area of China is stabilized in 3,000,000 hm ²More than (hectare), cultivation is arranged all throughout the country, production of potato and development be the production and the development of influence whole nation agricultural directly.

Potato is the asexual crop with the stem tuber breeding, be subjected to virus infection to cause viral degeneration easily at growing period, and often be subjected to late blight, bad rotten sick, the invasion and attack of multiple diseases such as bacterial wilt and balck shank, so though potato belongs to high-yield crop, but high yield not usually, stable yields, particularly the Potyvirus sexual involution is the main threat of various places potato yield, for addressing this problem, China has introduced potato stem tip detoxification the seventies, popularize the each province eighties gradually, the city, autonomous region, obtained good effect of increasing production, potato production state all adopts this technology at present, but does not also fundamentally solve potato because of the influence to potato such as soil-borne disease and natural conditions.

Because of the unsuitable long period of soaking of the stem tuber of potato in water, so potato is not easy to soilless culture as other most of crops, more there is not substrate culture, have only Korea S in the production of potato original seed, to use cultivation technique without soil at present in the world, but require advanced device and facility and supporting technology, so that totally enclosed automatic management, and domestic beyond example still.

Summary of the invention

The matrix-less potato cultivating method that the present invention's research forms, be the reality of producing at domestic potato, not only small investment, facility, simple, the production domesticization of device, and application easy to implement, can bring into play the yield potential of potato, break away from all restrictions of soil cultivation again, thereby enlarge the cultivation field of potato, better, quickly to batch production, the automation development of potato culture, have vast market prospect and using value.

The objective of the invention is matrix-less potato cultivating method, can artificially control and regulate the required various nutrients of potato growth, the yield potential of performance potato, improve output, stop and control the propagation and the generation of soil continuous cropping disease, be not subjected to the restriction of conditions such as nature, soil, realize the potato soilless culture, solving domestic Ma Lingzhu cultivation must can have the insurmountable always problem of substrate culture with matrix, for the area that can not cultivate potato because of condition restriction such as weather, soil provides new potato culture method.

The matrix-less potato cultivating new method is to utilize the nutrient solution that is suitable for potato growth knot potato, adopt regularly spraying to supply with nutrient, keep the root dark condition, the artificial control potato of regulating grows, in greenhouse and booth, carry out need not any matrix (river sand, vermiculite, gravel, cotton, the peat composed of rotten mosses, perlite etc.) cultivation new method.

Matrix-less potato cultivating method is: detoxification test tube plantlet shaken cultivation in the 250ml conical flask is grown seedlings, cuttage during to 8 leaf left and right sides, cut off from top 5-6 sheet, place the methyl of 20 mg/litre to soak 2-4 hour, on the cultivation bed, beat field planting hole with card punch, aperture Φ 1.5cm, seeding row spacing 25 * 25cm inserts field planting hole to soaked test-tube plantlet then, and the plant edge is covered real fixing with sponge, connect control system, every 3-5 minute spray form liquid 1 time, time 30-50 second, keep the rhizosphere dark, the control solution temperature is at 18-21 ℃, and every two weeks is changed nutrient solution once.

The preparation of matrix-less potato cultivating method nutrient solution:

Mother liquor AKNO ₃33.8 grams per liter, Na ₂EDTA3.72 grams per liter, FeSO ₄7H ₂The O2.78 grams per liter;

Mother liquor BNH ₄NO ₃6.6 grams per liter, KH ₂PO ₄9.2 grams per liter, MgSO ₄7H ₂The O37 grams per liter;

Mother solution C CaCl ₂2H ₂The O44 grams per liter;

Mother liquor DMnSO ₄4H ₂O22.3 grams per liter, H ₃BO ₃6.2 grams per liter, ZnSO ₄7H ₂O8.6 grams per liter, CuSO ₄5H ₂O0.015 grams per liter, Na ₂MoO ₄2H ₂O0.25 grams per liter, KI0.83 grams per liter, CoCl ₂6H ₂The O0.025 grams per liter.

Mother liquor A, B, C are diluted 100 times respectively, and 1000 times of D dilutions fully mix.

The present invention has following advantage and good effect:

1, Ma Lingzhu does not have the restriction that substrate culture is not subjected to conditions such as soil, physioclimate, has enlarged the cultivation field of potato.

2, avoided soil-borne disease and because of hindering that continuous cropping causes.

3, improved the yield and quality of potato.

4, can control and regulate the growth conditions of potato artificially, realize batch production production, automatic management.

5, simple, the small investment of facility, device, easy operating.

6, solved potato produce can not soilless culture insurmountable always problem, the method not only need not soil, and need not any matrix.

7, on potato seed is produced, can carry out the anniversary and produce, have wide development prospect and using value.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the equipment schematic diagram of matrix-less potato cultivating.

Embodiment

This equipment is by cultivation bed 11, field planting groove 9, feed pipe 6, shower nozzle 10, liquid back pipe 8, water pump 5, timer 4, flow-limiting valve 7 and fluid storage tank 1 are formed, cultivation bed 11 is a cystosepiment, thickness is 3-5cm, on the cultivation bed, evenly get field planting hole 12, aperture Φ 1.5cm, pitch-row 25cm, in order to the potato seedling 13 of planting, the cultivation bed covers on the field planting groove 9, field planting groove 9 can be used cement, brick, plastics or iron plate are made, and feed pipe 6 is deep in the field planting groove, evenly arrange shower nozzle 10 on the feed pipe 6, feed pipe 6 communicates with fluid storage tank 1 by valve 7 and pump 5, timer 4 links to each other with pump 5, the control pump discontinuous operation, and liquid back pipe 8 one ends communicated with the end in the field planting groove, the other end is deep in the fluid storage tank 1, and 2 is nutrient solution.

Claims

1, matrix-less potato cultivating method is characterized in that, detoxification test tube plantlet shaken cultivation in conical flask is grown seedlings, during to 8 leaf left and right sides, cut off, place the methyl of 20 mg/litre to soak 2-4 hour from top 5-6 sheet, test-tube plantlet is inserted field planting hole, the plant edge is covered real fixing with sponge etc., connect feed flow equipment, every 3-5 minute spray form liquid 1 time, time 30-50 second, keep the rhizosphere dark, solution temperature is at 18-21 ℃, and every two weeks is changed nutrient solution once.

2, matrix-less potato cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the preparation of nutrient solution: mother liquor A-KNO ₃33.8 grams per liter, Na ₂EDTA3.72 grams per liter, FeSO ₄7H ₂The O2.78 grams per liter; Mother liquor B-NH ₄NO ₃6.6 grams per liter, KH ₂PO ₄9.2 grams per liter, MgSO ₄7H ₂The O37 grams per liter; Mother solution C-CaCl ₂2H ₂The O44 grams per liter; Mother liquor D-MnSO ₄4H ₂O22.3 grams per liter, H ₃BO ₃6.2 grams per liter, ZnSO ₄7H ₂O8.6 grams per liter, CuSO ₄5H ₂O0.015 grams per liter, Na ₂MoO ₄2H ₂O0.25 grams per liter, Kl0.83 grams per liter, CoCl ₂6H ₂The O0.025 grams per liter dilutes 100 times respectively with mother liquor A, B, C, and 1000 times of D dilutions fully mix.

3, matrix-less potato cultivating equipment, by cultivation bed (11), field planting groove (9), feed pipe (6), shower nozzle (10), liquid back pipe (8), water pump (5), timer (4), flow-limiting valve (7) and fluid storage tank (1) are formed, it is characterized in that cultivation bed is the cystosepiment of determining, thickness is 3-5cm, on the cultivation bed, evenly get field planting hole (12), aperture Φ 1.5cm, pitch-row 25cm, the cultivation bed covers on the field planting groove, and feed pipe is deep in the field planting groove, evenly arranges shower nozzle on the feed pipe, feed pipe communicates with fluid storage tank by valve and pump, timer links to each other with pump, and liquid back pipe one end communicates with planting the interior end of groove, and the other end is deep in the fluid storage tank.