CN110178631B - Regulation and control method for production of Guangxi selenium-rich moringa oleifera seeds - Google Patents
Regulation and control method for production of Guangxi selenium-rich moringa oleifera seeds Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of moringa planting, in particular to a regulation and control method for production of selenium-rich moringa seeds in Guangxi province, which comprises the steps of (1) land selection and planting, (2) fertilization management, (3) water regulation and control, (4) flowering phase regulation and control, and (5) pest control. The regulation and control method can lead the moringa oleifera to bloom in advance before the flood season comes, also can lead the moringa oleifera seed setting time to be advanced, reduces the occurrence of moringa oleifera fruit rot, and has important guiding significance for the moringa oleifera seed planting in Guangxi areas.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of moringa planting, in particular to a regulation and control method for production of Guangxi selenium-rich moringa seeds.
Background
The moringa oleifera is also called drumstick tree, is a tree with fallen leaves in tropical zone for many years, is originally produced in northern India, has about 14 varieties all over the world, and is also planted in China at present in a large quantity. The moringa leaves and fruit pods are rich in various minerals and vitamins, have the functions of enhancing nutrition and dietotherapy health care as vegetables and foods, and can also be used in the aspects of medicine, health care and the like. The conditions for the growth of the moringa oleifera are wide, but the requirements for moisture are high, and the flowering and fruiting rates of the regions with sufficient illumination and moisture are relatively high, so that the moringa oleifera is suitable for being planted in the Guangxi climate. Some moringa planted in Guangxi areas are aimed at harvesting seeds, the production and planting methods of the moringa are not standard enough, and the moringa often encounters the flood season of Guangxi in the period of flowering and fruiting of the moringa, so that the moringa is easy to get fruit rot, and the fruit quality is influenced. Therefore, only by leading the moringa oleifera to bloom and bear fruits in advance, the rainy season can be avoided, and the moringa oleifera seeds with better quality can be obtained.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems, the regulation and control method for producing the Guangxi selenium-rich moringa seeds is provided.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a regulation and control method for Guangxi selenium-rich moringa seed production comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land and planting: selecting a planting field with fertile soil, sufficient illumination and good irrigation conditions, and controlling the planting density of the selenium-rich moringa oleifera at 3000-plus 4995 plants per hectare, the plant spacing of 1.0-1.5 meters and the row spacing of 2.0 meters;
(2) fertilization management:
a. base fertilizer application: when the moringa oleifera is just planted, 100kg of organic fertilizer, 60-80kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 50-100kg of 0.1% selenium-containing organic fertilizer are applied to each mu at one time;
b. topdressing: applying a proper amount of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in two stages of a tree body entering a flowering initial stage and a seed entering a rapid expansion stage, and specifically comprising the following steps: applying 30kg of organic fertilizer to each mu at one time, then adding 1kg of water into 6.8-7.4g of monopotassium phosphate to prepare a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and spraying the moringa oleifera branches and leaves for 2-3 times, wherein the interval time of each time is 7 days;
(3) regulating and controlling water content:
watering the moringa oleifera once every five days when the temperature is stable to be more than 18 ℃ from february, alternately performing root drip irrigation and branch and leaf spraying, and suspending watering until the full-bloom period of the moringa oleifera in rainy days;
(4) and (3) flowering phase regulation: the flowering phase of the moringa oleifera is advanced by adopting the following method:
a. inhibitor administration: before the occurrence of moringa buds, removing the top growth advantage of the moringa, then preparing a solution from an inhibitor and water according to the mass ratio of 1: 800-;
b. flower forcing agent application: in the initial stage of moringa bud emergence, a flower accelerant and water are prepared into a solution according to the mass ratio of 1:1500-1800 to spray the bud once; in the full-bloom period of the moringa oleifera, a flower accelerant and water are prepared into a solution according to the mass ratio of 1:800-1000, and the solution is sprayed on the flowers once; the spraying time is selected before 10 am or 4 pm in cloudy or sunny days, and the spraying time needs to be re-sprayed when meeting rainfall within 8 hours after the spraying;
(5) regulating and controlling plant diseases and insect pests:
a. timely pruning branches with diseases and pests, dense branches and weak branches, and properly thinning fruits;
b. when the fruit pods grow to be about 0.8 cm in diameter, the fruit pods with good conditions are bagged to prevent the occurrence of moringa oleifera fruit rot; if fruit rot occurs, spraying 50% carbendazim 600-: and (3) spraying 1 st pesticide by using an FT-18 sprayer according to conventional spraying when the moringa powder is about to bear fruits in the flowering period, and spraying 4 times respectively every 7 days, 15 days and 30 days.
Further, the inhibitor is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18-22 parts of paclobutrazol, 1-3 parts of humic acid, 1-2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 2-4 parts of glyphosate acid, 1-1.2 parts of peach gum, 1.2-2.2 parts of xanthan gum, 1.8-2.4 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 1.2-1.6 parts of cane sugar; .
Further, the flower forcing agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-14 parts of gibberellin, 1-1.2 parts of riboflavin, 2-4 parts of xylitol mother liquor, 1-1.4 parts of citric acid, 1-1.2 parts of glycine, 0.4-0.8 part of forchlorfenuron and 1-2 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer.
Further, the method also comprises field management, and specifically comprises the following steps: (1) removing weeds around the growth of the moringa oleifera regularly without using herbicides; (2) after the moringa fruits are harvested, cutting off the parts of the moringa twigs which exceed 30 centimeters.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the regulation and control method, irrigation and fertilization are carried out on the moringa oleifera from the beginning of the weather warming, so that the green turning rate of the moringa oleifera can be promoted; before the appearance of moringa buds, the top growth advantage of the moringa is removed, then an inhibitor is applied to the moringa to inhibit the growth of the moringa, shorten the internode length and promote the tillering of branches, so that the flowering phase of the moringa is advanced; the flower forcing agent is applied in the flowering phase of the moringa oleifera, so that the rate of flower seed setting can be increased; after the moringa fruits are subjected to fruit pod forming, bagging or spraying measures are taken to prevent the moringa fruit rot from occurring. The regulating and controlling method can lead the moringa oleifera to bloom in advance before the flood season comes, can lead the time of moringa oleifera seed setting to be advanced, reduces the occurrence of moringa oleifera fruit rot, and has important guiding significance for the planting of the moringa oleifera seeds in the Guangxi region.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a regulation and control method for Guangxi selenium-rich moringa seed production comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land and planting: selecting a planting field with fertile soil, sufficient illumination and good irrigation conditions, and controlling the planting density of the selenium-rich moringa oleifera to be 3000 plants per hectare, wherein the plant spacing is 1.0 meter and the row spacing is 2.0 meters;
(2) fertilization management:
a. base fertilizer application: when the moringa oleifera is just planted, 100kg of organic fertilizer, 60kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 50kg of 0.1% selenium-containing organic fertilizer are applied to each mu at one time;
b. topdressing: applying a proper amount of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in two stages of a tree body entering a flowering initial stage and a seed entering a rapid expansion stage, and specifically comprising the following steps: applying 30kg of organic fertilizer to each mu at one time, then adding 1kg of water into 6.8g of monopotassium phosphate to prepare potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and spraying the moringa oleifera branches and leaves for 2 times, wherein the interval time of each time is 7 days;
(3) regulating and controlling water content:
watering the moringa oleifera once every five days when the temperature is stable to be more than 18 ℃ from february, alternately performing root drip irrigation and branch and leaf spraying, and suspending watering until the full-bloom period of the moringa oleifera in rainy days;
(4) and (3) flowering phase regulation: the flowering phase of the moringa oleifera is advanced by adopting the following method:
a. inhibitor administration: before the appearance of moringa flower buds, removing the top growth advantage of the moringa, preparing a solution from an inhibitor and water according to the mass ratio of 1:800, spraying the solution for 2 times every 10 days, uniformly spraying the solution on the moringa branches and leaves before 10 am or 4 pm on a cloudy day or a sunny day, and spraying the solution again when meeting rainfall within 8 hours;
the inhibitor is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18 parts of paclobutrazol, 1 part of humic acid, 1 part of naphthylacetic acid, 2 parts of glyphosate acid, 1 part of peach gum, 1.2 parts of xanthan gum, 1.8 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 1.2 parts of cane sugar;
b. flower forcing agent application: in the initial stage of moringa oleifera bud emergence, a flower accelerant and water are prepared into a solution according to the mass ratio of 1:1500, and the flower bud is sprayed once; in the full-bloom period of the moringa oleifera, a flower accelerant and water are prepared into a solution according to the mass ratio of 1:800, and the solution is sprayed on the flowers once; the spraying time is selected before 10 am or 4 pm in cloudy or sunny days, and the spraying time needs to be re-sprayed when meeting rainfall within 8 hours after the spraying;
the flower forcing agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10 parts of gibberellin, 1 part of riboflavin, 2 parts of xylitol mother liquor, 1 part of citric acid, 1 part of glycine, 0.4 part of forchlorfenuron and 1 part of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;
(5) regulating and controlling plant diseases and insect pests:
a. timely pruning branches with diseases and pests, dense branches and weak branches, and properly thinning fruits;
b. when the fruit pods grow to be about 0.8 cm in diameter, the fruit pods with good conditions are bagged to prevent the occurrence of moringa oleifera fruit rot; if fruit rot occurs, spraying 50% carbendazim 600 times liquid or 80% Luheng No. 2 (carbendazim) 800 times liquid for pesticide application control, specifically: spraying the moringa powder for the 1 st time by using an FT-18 type sprayer according to conventional spraying when the moringa powder is about to bear fruits in the flowering phase, and spraying the moringa powder for 4 times respectively every 7 days, 15 days and 30 days;
preferably, the method further comprises field management, specifically: (1) removing weeds around the growth of the moringa oleifera regularly without using herbicides; (2) after the moringa fruits are harvested, cutting off the parts of the moringa twigs which exceed 30 centimeters.
Example 2:
a regulation and control method for Guangxi selenium-rich moringa seed production comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land and planting: selecting a planting field with fertile soil, sufficient illumination and good irrigation conditions, and controlling the planting density of the selenium-rich moringa oleifera to be 4000 plants per hectare, wherein the plant spacing is 1.25 meters, and the row spacing is 2.0 meters;
(2) fertilization management:
a. base fertilizer application: when the moringa oleifera is just planted, 100kg of organic fertilizer, 70kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 75kg of 0.1% selenium-containing organic fertilizer are applied to each mu at one time;
b. topdressing: applying a proper amount of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in two stages of a tree body entering a flowering initial stage and a seed entering a rapid expansion stage, and specifically comprising the following steps: applying 30kg of organic fertilizer to each mu at one time, then adding 1kg of water into 7.1g of monopotassium phosphate to prepare potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and spraying the moringa oleifera branches and leaves for 2 times, wherein the interval time of each time is 7 days;
(3) regulating and controlling water content:
watering the moringa oleifera once every five days when the temperature is stable to be more than 18 ℃ from february, alternately performing root drip irrigation and branch and leaf spraying, and suspending watering until the full-bloom period of the moringa oleifera in rainy days;
(4) and (3) flowering phase regulation: the flowering phase of the moringa oleifera is advanced by adopting the following method:
a. inhibitor administration: before the appearance of moringa flower buds, removing the top growth advantage of the moringa, preparing a solution from an inhibitor and water according to the mass ratio of 1:900, spraying the solution for 2 times every 10 days, uniformly spraying the solution on the moringa branches and leaves before 10 am or 4 pm on a cloudy day or a sunny day, and spraying the solution again when meeting rainfall within 8 hours;
the inhibitor is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20 parts of paclobutrazol, 2 parts of humic acid, 1.5 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 3 parts of glyphosate acid, 1.1 parts of peach gum, 1.7 parts of xanthan gum, 2.1 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 1.4 parts of cane sugar;
b. flower forcing agent application: in the initial stage of moringa oleifera bud emergence, a flower accelerant and water are prepared into a solution according to the mass ratio of 1:1650, and the flower bud is sprayed once; in the full-bloom period of the moringa oleifera, a flower accelerant and water are prepared into a solution according to the mass ratio of 1:900, and the solution is sprayed on the flowers once; the spraying time is selected before 10 am or 4 pm in cloudy or sunny days, and the spraying time needs to be re-sprayed when meeting rainfall within 8 hours after the spraying;
the flower forcing agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 12 parts of gibberellin, 1.1 parts of riboflavin, 3 parts of xylitol mother liquor, 1.2 parts of citric acid, 1.1 parts of glycine, 0.6 part of forchlorfenuron and 1.5 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;
(5) regulating and controlling plant diseases and insect pests:
a. timely pruning branches with diseases and pests, dense branches and weak branches, and properly thinning fruits;
b. when the fruit pods grow to be about 0.8 cm in diameter, the fruit pods with good conditions are bagged to prevent the occurrence of moringa oleifera fruit rot; if fruit rot occurs, spraying 700 times of 50% carbendazim solution or 900 times of 80% Loheng No. 2 (carbendazim) solution for pesticide application control, specifically: spraying the moringa powder for the 1 st time by using an FT-18 type sprayer according to conventional spraying when the moringa powder is about to bear fruits in the flowering phase, and spraying the moringa powder for 4 times respectively every 7 days, 15 days and 30 days;
preferably, the method further comprises field management, specifically: (1) removing weeds around the growth of the moringa oleifera regularly without using herbicides; (2) after the moringa fruits are harvested, cutting off the parts of the moringa twigs which exceed 30 centimeters.
Example 3:
a regulation and control method for Guangxi selenium-rich moringa seed production comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting land and planting: selecting a planting field with fertile soil, sufficient illumination and good irrigation conditions, and controlling the planting density of the selenium-rich moringa oleifera at 4995 plants per hectare, the plant spacing of 1.5 meters and the row spacing of 2.0 meters;
(2) fertilization management:
a. base fertilizer application: when the moringa oleifera is just planted, 100kg of organic fertilizer, 80kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 100kg of 0.1% selenium-containing organic fertilizer are applied to each mu at one time;
b. topdressing: applying a proper amount of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in two stages of a tree body entering a flowering initial stage and a seed entering a rapid expansion stage, and specifically comprising the following steps: applying 30kg of organic fertilizer to each mu at one time, then adding 1kg of water into 7.4g of monopotassium phosphate to prepare potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and spraying the moringa oleifera branches and leaves for 3 times, wherein the interval time of each time is 7 days;
(3) regulating and controlling water content:
watering the moringa oleifera once every five days when the temperature is stable to be more than 18 ℃ from february, alternately performing root drip irrigation and branch and leaf spraying, and suspending watering until the full-bloom period of the moringa oleifera in rainy days;
(4) and (3) flowering phase regulation: the flowering phase of the moringa oleifera is advanced by adopting the following method:
a. inhibitor administration: before the appearance of moringa flower buds, removing the top growth advantage of the moringa, preparing a solution from an inhibitor and water according to the mass ratio of 1:1000, spraying the solution for 2 times every 10 days, uniformly spraying the solution on the moringa branches and leaves before 10 am or 4 pm on a cloudy day or a sunny day, and spraying the solution again when meeting rainfall within 8 hours;
the inhibitor is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 22 parts of paclobutrazol, 3 parts of humic acid, 2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 4 parts of glyphosate acid, 1.2 parts of peach gum, 2.2 parts of xanthan gum, 2.4 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 1.6 parts of cane sugar;
b. flower forcing agent application: in the initial stage of moringa oleifera bud, a flower accelerant and water are prepared into a solution according to the mass ratio of 1:1800, and the flower bud is sprayed once; in the full-bloom period of the moringa oleifera, a flower accelerant and water are prepared into a solution according to the mass ratio of 1:1000, and the solution is sprayed on the flowers once; the spraying time is selected before 10 am or 4 pm in cloudy or sunny days, and the spraying time needs to be re-sprayed when meeting rainfall within 8 hours after the spraying;
the flower forcing agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 14 parts of gibberellin, 1.2 parts of riboflavin, 4 parts of xylitol mother liquor, 1.4 parts of citric acid, 1.2 parts of glycine, 0.8 part of forchlorfenuron and 2 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;
(5) regulating and controlling plant diseases and insect pests:
a. timely pruning branches with diseases and pests, dense branches and weak branches, and properly thinning fruits;
b. when the fruit pods grow to be about 0.8 cm in diameter, the fruit pods with good conditions are bagged to prevent the occurrence of moringa oleifera fruit rot; if fruit rot occurs, spraying 800 times of 50% carbendazim solution or 1000 times of 80% Loheng No. 2 (carbendazim) solution for pesticide application control, specifically: spraying the moringa powder for the 1 st time by using an FT-18 type sprayer according to conventional spraying when the moringa powder is about to bear fruits in the flowering phase, and spraying the moringa powder for 4 times respectively every 7 days, 15 days and 30 days;
preferably, the method further comprises field management, specifically: (1) removing weeds around the growth of the moringa oleifera regularly without using herbicides; (2) after the moringa fruits are harvested, cutting off the parts of the moringa twigs which exceed 30 centimeters.
The following are the determination and the explanation of the applicant's Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region agricultural scientific college for each main index of the invention:
in a test base of Guangxi agricultural academy of sciences, 150 moringa oleifera with the age of more than two years and the same growth vigor in the mature period are taken and evenly divided into three groups, wherein each group comprises 50 moringa oleifera, and the following tests are respectively carried out:
(I) apical growth dominance and inhibitors
As can be seen from the above table, when the inhibitor of the present invention is used, the flowering phase of moringa oleifera can be advanced most, and the flowering rate and fruiting rate are the highest by combining the removal of the apical growth advantage.
(II) flower forcing agent
As can be seen from the table, the catalyst of the invention can accelerate the seed setting rate of the moringa oleifera in the flowering phase of the moringa oleifera.
In conclusion, the inhibitor is applied while the top growth advantage is removed, and the inhibitor is matched with the flower forcing agent, so that the early flowering and fruiting of the moringa oleifera can be greatly promoted, and the method has important guiding significance for moringa oleifera planting in Guangxi regions.
The above description is intended to describe in detail the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the embodiments are not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, and all equivalent changes and modifications made within the technical spirit of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. A regulation and control method for producing Guangxi selenium-rich moringa seeds is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting land and planting: selecting a planting field with fertile soil, sufficient illumination and good irrigation conditions, and controlling the planting density of the selenium-rich moringa oleifera at 3000-plus 4995 plants per hectare, the plant spacing of 1.0-1.5 meters and the row spacing of 2.0 meters;
(2) fertilization management:
a. base fertilizer application: when the moringa oleifera is just planted, 100kg of organic fertilizer, 60-80kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 50-100kg of 0.1% selenium-containing organic fertilizer are applied to each mu at one time;
b. topdressing: applying a proper amount of organic fertilizer and potassium fertilizer in two stages of a tree body entering a flowering initial stage and a seed entering a rapid expansion stage, and specifically comprising the following steps: applying 30kg of organic fertilizer to each mu at one time, then adding 1kg of water into 6.8-7.4g of monopotassium phosphate to prepare a potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, and spraying the moringa oleifera branches and leaves for 2-3 times, wherein the interval time of each time is 7 days;
(3) regulating and controlling water content:
watering the moringa oleifera once every five days when the temperature is stable to be more than 18 ℃ from february, alternately performing root drip irrigation and branch and leaf spraying, and suspending watering until the full-bloom period of the moringa oleifera in rainy days;
(4) and (3) flowering phase regulation: the flowering phase of the moringa oleifera is advanced by adopting the following method:
a. inhibitor administration: before the occurrence of moringa buds, removing the top growth advantage of the moringa, then preparing a solution from an inhibitor and water according to the mass ratio of 1: 800-; the inhibitor is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 18-22 parts of paclobutrazol, 1-3 parts of humic acid, 1-2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 2-4 parts of glyphosate acid, 1-1.2 parts of peach gum, 1.2-2.2 parts of xanthan gum, 1.8-2.4 parts of ammonium bicarbonate and 1.2-1.6 parts of cane sugar;
b. flower forcing agent application: in the initial stage of moringa bud emergence, a flower accelerant and water are prepared into a solution according to the mass ratio of 1:1500-1800 to spray the bud once; in the full-bloom period of the moringa oleifera, a flower accelerant and water are prepared into a solution according to the mass ratio of 1:800-1000, and the solution is sprayed on the flowers once; the spraying time is selected before 10 am or 4 pm in cloudy or sunny days, and the spraying time needs to be re-sprayed when meeting rainfall within 8 hours after the spraying; the flower forcing agent is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-14 parts of gibberellin, 1-1.2 parts of riboflavin, 2-4 parts of xylitol mother liquor, 1-1.4 parts of citric acid, 1-1.2 parts of glycine, 0.4-0.8 part of forchlorfenuron and 1-2 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer;
(5) regulating and controlling plant diseases and insect pests:
a. timely pruning branches with diseases and pests, dense branches and weak branches, and properly thinning fruits;
b. when the fruit pods grow to be about 0.8 cm in diameter, the fruit pods with good conditions are bagged to prevent the occurrence of moringa oleifera fruit rot; if fruit rot occurs, spraying 50% carbendazim 600-: and (3) spraying 1 st pesticide by using an FT-18 sprayer according to conventional spraying when the moringa powder is about to bear fruits in the flowering period, and spraying 4 times respectively every 7 days, 15 days and 30 days.
2. The regulation and control method for Guangxi selenium-rich moringa seed production according to claim 1, further comprising field management, specifically: (1) removing weeds around the growth of the moringa oleifera regularly without using herbicides; (2) after the moringa fruits are harvested, cutting off the parts of the moringa twigs which exceed 30 centimeters.
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