CN103651070A - Soilless cultivation method for cultivating miniature seed potatoes through potato virus elimination - Google Patents
Soilless cultivation method for cultivating miniature seed potatoes through potato virus elimination Download PDFInfo
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- CN103651070A CN103651070A CN201210333355.3A CN201210333355A CN103651070A CN 103651070 A CN103651070 A CN 103651070A CN 201210333355 A CN201210333355 A CN 201210333355A CN 103651070 A CN103651070 A CN 103651070A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a soilless cultivation method for cultivating miniature seed potatoes through potato virus elimination. The soilless cultivation method includes the step of preparing a seed bed, the step of transplanting tissue culture seedlings, the step of managing rooting of the tissue culture seedlings, the step of preparing nutrient solutions, the step of quantitatively using the different nutrient solutions, the step of controlling the time periods for pouring the nutrient solutions and other steps. The soilless cultivation method is characterized in that the nutrient solutions which are used in soilless cultivation of the seed potatoes are prepared quantitatively, and the times and the time periods of application are set. By means of the soilless cultivation method, the quality, yield and specification of the virus-free miniature seed potatoes are improved, manpower, material resources and financial resources are saved, production cost is reduced, and the ratio of input to output is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to seed and produce cultivation technique without soil field, be specifically related to the soilless culture method of the mini potato seed of a kind of potato detoxicating.
Background technology
Potato be in crops four large crops it, belong to Solanaceae Solanum annual herb, its stem tuber can be edible, is important grain, vegetables dual-purpose crop.It is reported, China's potato planting area has reached more than 520 ten thousand hectares, accounts for 1/4th of the total cultivated area in the world.But average per unit area yield only has 15 tons/hectare, greatly lags behind the level of average 45 tons/hectare of developed country.Causing one of major reason that per unit area yield is low, is due to potato virus disease infects potato seed.Potato susceptible viral when nourishing and generating is contaminated, and in plant internal breeding, transhipment with accumulate in lump stem, along with transmitting from generation to generation, virus endangers and increases the weight of year by year, generally can the underproduction more than 50%.Research is found, nearly more than the 30 kinds of virus infections potatos of vegetative kingdom, and is caused deterioration of variety.
Flourish along with Potato Industry, in order to filter out the potato strain of the de-pathogen of high yield and high quality, the method that extensively adopts biotechnology to combine with soilless culture now, produces the mini potato seed of healthy detoxification, i.e. the breeder's stock of potato.Biotechnology is partly plant tissue culture and successive propagation, and soilless culture is that group is trained to transplantation of seedlings to greenhouse or booth (having isolation and protection condition), carries out the management of temperature, light, water, gas and nutrient solution, turns out the mini potato seed of de-pathogen.In production of seed stock, the management of fertilizer and water, each has something to recommend him in industry.But in supporting mini potato seed without earth culture, can qualitative, quantitatively use nutrient solution, domestic not yet had this type of research.
In whole cultivation process, nutrient solution usage amount can affect plumpness and the maturity of potato seed not, and the imbalance of the excessive use of nutrition liquid measure or element, also can cause plant strain growth uneven, and waste human and material resources and financial resources, has increased production cost.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome due to plant innutrition or too much, uneven caused deficiency, provide a kind of in soilless culture the method for scientific and reasonable use nutrient solution.From group training transplantation of seedlings, to mini potato seed, gather in the crops (the kind of different maturation period 85-95 days whole breeding time, there is difference breeding time), according to the demand of growth, use the nutrient solution of two kinds of different formulations, in unit are, quantitatively use 6 or 7 nutrient solutions simultaneously, under suitable temperature, illumination condition, can produce the full and good mini potato seed of maturity.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
A soilless culture method for the mini potato seed of potato detoxicating, is characterized in that, described method comprises following step:
The preparation in step 1, seedbed: adopt No. 4 vermiculites to do the matrix in seedbed, vermiculite thickness is 9-10 centimetre, and bed surface will spread flatly, waters in advance for 24 hours, allows matrix inhale permeable abundant expansion, keeps certain water content, but bed end water not again;
The transplanting of step 2, group training seedling: extract healthy and strong group training seedling in tissue culture bottle, the medium of wash clean root, be placed on interior the immersion 20 minutes of ATB taking root liquid of 10PPM, seeding row spacing is according to the rules transplanted on seedbed, transplant complete a small amount of clear water that waters, make plant root there is no space, the good root of hair of moisturizing is fast;
Step 3, the management of group training seedling root of hair: on the seedbed of transplanted seedling, plug little bow, cover the film of 3, in seedbed, relative moisture keeps 90%, and temperature is at 25 ℃-30 ℃, and illumination is at 8000-10000LUX, when illumination, cross when strong and can pull on shade net, in 3 days, the root system of group training seedling is by the green look that bleaches, and the new root system sending in 6 days can be united, and needs to absorb more nutrient solution;
The configuration of step 4, nutrient solution:
Formula 1, unit is mg/L (every liter of milligram number)
PH value is 5.8
Formula 2, unit is mg/L (every liter of milligram number)
PH value is 5.8
The quantitative use of step 5, Different Nutrition liquid:
1 nutrient solution of filling a prescription is mainly used in seedling stage and trophosome vegetative period, uses whole breeding time 3 times;
2 nutrient solutions of filling a prescription are mainly used in tying the potato phase, in, early kind is used 3 times whole breeding time, late variety is used 4 times; Usage amount with three minutes (200m
2) greenhouse or a standard booth, its actual effective area is 120m
2for unit; 120m
2cover with the seedbed of young plant, nutrient solution pouring 1 time be quantitatively 1500 liters, require nutrient solution to spray equably the every nook and cranny of watering in seedbed; Each use standard is 1500L/120m
2or 12.5L/m
2consumption, and control the mini potato seed of the detoxification whole breeding time of the usage amount in soilless culture with this quantitative criterion;
Step 6, the time period of watering nutrient solution:
Group training transplantation of seedlings is after 6 days, can spray and water nutrient solution for the first time, every spray in 7 or 10 days, water once, the moisture content transpiration rate depending on weather condition and seedbed judges simultaneously later, and sunshine and the inadequate transpiration rate that ventilates are little, can adopt double nutrient solution, or sunshine and ventilation too quickly, seedbed lack of water, can adopt half amount nutrient solution, to reach Changes in weather in any case, make all the time plant keep balanced in nutrition.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: provide a kind of in soilless culture the method for scientific and reasonable use nutrient solution, overcome the mini potato seed of potato detoxicating due to not enough or too much, uneven the caused defect of plant nutrition, improved economic benefit.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the picture of the handicapped potato of tool.
Fig. 2 is the picture that has used the potato of institute's output after method of the present invention.
Embodiment
A soilless culture method for the mini potato seed of potato detoxicating, described method comprises following step:
The preparation in step 1, seedbed: adopt No. 4 vermiculites to do the matrix in seedbed, vermiculite thickness is 9-10 centimetre, and bed surface will spread flatly, waters in advance for 24 hours, allows matrix inhale permeable abundant expansion, keeps certain water content, but bed end water not again;
The transplanting of step 2, group training seedling: extract healthy and strong group training seedling in tissue culture bottle, the medium of wash clean root, be placed on interior the immersion 20 minutes of ATB taking root liquid of 10PPM, seeding row spacing is according to the rules transplanted on seedbed, transplant complete a small amount of clear water that waters, make plant root there is no space, the good root of hair of moisturizing is fast;
Step 3, the management of group training seedling root of hair: on the seedbed of transplanted seedling, plug little bow, cover the film of 3, in seedbed, relative moisture keeps 90%, and temperature is at 25 ℃-30 ℃, and illumination is at 8000-10000LUX, when illumination, cross when strong and can pull on shade net, in 3 days, the root system of group training seedling is by the green look that bleaches, and the new root system sending in 6 days can be united, and needs to absorb more nutrient solution;
The configuration of step 4, nutrient solution:
Formula 1, unit is mg/L (every liter of milligram number)
PH value is 5.8
Formula 2, unit is mg/L (every liter of milligram number)
PH value is 5.8
The quantitative use of step 5, Different Nutrition liquid:
1 nutrient solution of filling a prescription is mainly used in seedling stage and trophosome vegetative period, uses whole breeding time 3 times;
2 nutrient solutions of filling a prescription are mainly used in tying the potato phase, in, early kind is used 3 times whole breeding time, late variety is used 4 times; Usage amount with three minutes (200m
2) greenhouse or a standard booth, its actual effective area is 120m
2for unit; 120m
2cover with the seedbed of young plant, nutrient solution pouring 1 time be quantitatively 1500 liters, require nutrient solution to spray equably the every nook and cranny of watering in seedbed; Each use standard is 1500L/120m
2or 12.5L/m
2consumption, and control the mini potato seed of the detoxification whole breeding time of the usage amount in soilless culture with this quantitative criterion;
Step 6, the time period of watering nutrient solution:
Group training transplantation of seedlings is after 6 days, can spray and water nutrient solution for the first time, every spray in 7 or 10 days, water once, the moisture content transpiration rate depending on weather condition and seedbed judges simultaneously later, and sunshine and the inadequate transpiration rate that ventilates are little, can adopt double nutrient solution, or sunshine and ventilation too quickly, seedbed lack of water, can adopt half amount nutrient solution, to reach Changes in weather in any case, make all the time plant keep balanced in nutrition.
As a comparison, in Figure of description, provided the contrast picture that uses method of the present invention and do not use the potato that method of the present invention produces.
Fig. 1 is the handicapped potato of tool, when plant innutrition or when uneven, can cause plant resistance poor easily susceptible, occurs physiological defect, bears that potato piece is lopsided, soft, the stolon place of dry matter accumulation due to not cave in.
Fig. 2 is the potato of having used institute's output after method of the present invention.According to nutrient solution operation technique of the present invention, in whole breeding time, use the nutrient solution of two kinds of different formulations, in unit are, quantitatively use 6 or 7 nutrient solutions simultaneously, under suitable temperature, illumination condition, can produce the full and good mini potato seed of maturity.
According to the technology of the present invention, can not only improve the quality of mini potato seed, and in unit are, improve output.Take every 100 square metres be unit, by tradition with feeling that the output that sprays rich water is 40000 left and right, first class product accounts for 60% left and right (more than 4 grams), the output value is 14400 yuan, and adopts the output of the technology of the present invention at 50000, and first class product accounts for 75% left and right (more than 4 grams), the output value is 18750 yuan, the output value of every 100 square metres has increased by 4350 yuan than the former, has increased by 24% the output value, has greatly improved economic benefit.
Claims (1)
1. a soilless culture method for the mini potato seed of potato detoxicating, is characterized in that, described method comprises following step:
The preparation in step 1, seedbed: adopt No. 4 vermiculites to do the matrix in seedbed, vermiculite thickness is 9-10 centimetre, and bed surface will spread flatly, waters in advance for 24 hours, allows matrix inhale permeable abundant expansion, keeps certain water content, but bed end water not again;
The transplanting of step 2, group training seedling: extract healthy and strong group training seedling in tissue culture bottle, the medium of wash clean root, be placed on interior the immersion 20 minutes of ATB taking root liquid of 10PPM, seeding row spacing is according to the rules transplanted on seedbed, transplant complete a small amount of clear water that waters, make plant root there is no space, the good root of hair of moisturizing is fast;
Step 3, the management of group training seedling root of hair: on the seedbed of transplanted seedling, plug little bow, cover the film of 3, in seedbed, relative moisture keeps 90%, and temperature is at 25 ℃-30 ℃, and illumination is at 8000-10000LUX, when illumination, cross when strong and can pull on shade net, in 3 days, the root system of group training seedling is by the green look that bleaches, and the new root system sending in 6 days can be united, and needs to absorb more nutrient solution;
The configuration of step 4, nutrient solution:
Formula 1, unit is mg/L (every liter of milligram number)
PH value is 5.8
Formula 2, unit is mg/L (every liter of milligram number)
PH value is 5.8
The quantitative use of step 5, Different Nutrition liquid:
1 nutrient solution of filling a prescription is mainly used in seedling stage and trophosome vegetative period, uses whole breeding time 3 times;
2 nutrient solutions of filling a prescription are mainly used in tying the potato phase, in, early kind is used 3 times whole breeding time, late variety is used 4 times; Usage amount with three minutes (200m
2) greenhouse or a standard booth, its actual effective area is 120m
2for unit; 120m
2cover with the seedbed of young plant, nutrient solution pouring 1 time be quantitatively 1500 liters, require nutrient solution to spray equably the every nook and cranny of watering in seedbed; Each use standard is 1500L/120m
2or 12.5L/m
2consumption, and control the mini potato seed of the detoxification whole breeding time of the usage amount in soilless culture with this quantitative criterion;
Step 6, the time period of watering nutrient solution:
Group training transplantation of seedlings is after 6 days, can spray and water nutrient solution for the first time, every spray in 7 or 10 days, water once, the moisture content transpiration rate depending on weather condition and seedbed judges simultaneously later, and sunshine and the inadequate transpiration rate that ventilates are little, can adopt double nutrient solution, or sunshine and ventilation too quickly, seedbed lack of water, can adopt half amount nutrient solution, to reach Changes in weather in any case, make all the time plant keep balanced in nutrition.
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| CN201210333355.3A CN103651070A (en) | 2012-09-11 | 2012-09-11 | Soilless cultivation method for cultivating miniature seed potatoes through potato virus elimination |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105532217A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-05-04 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Potato ultra-high yield container cultivation method |
| CN106069679A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 安徽省固镇县谷阳有机蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of mycotic prevention and controls of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi |
| CN106069684A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 安徽省固镇县谷阳有机蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of soilless culture method of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105532217A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-05-04 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Potato ultra-high yield container cultivation method |
| CN106069679A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 安徽省固镇县谷阳有机蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of mycotic prevention and controls of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi |
| CN106069684A (en) * | 2016-06-29 | 2016-11-09 | 安徽省固镇县谷阳有机蔬菜专业合作社 | A kind of soilless culture method of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi |
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Application publication date: 20140326 |