CN115504535A - Luffa stem steam generating body, preparation method thereof and luffa stem-based seawater desalination evaporator - Google Patents
Luffa stem steam generating body, preparation method thereof and luffa stem-based seawater desalination evaporator Download PDFInfo
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- CN115504535A CN115504535A CN202211013731.0A CN202211013731A CN115504535A CN 115504535 A CN115504535 A CN 115504535A CN 202211013731 A CN202211013731 A CN 202211013731A CN 115504535 A CN115504535 A CN 115504535A
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- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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Abstract
The invention discloses a luffa stem steam generating body and a preparation method thereof and a luffa stem-based seawater desalination evaporator, wherein the luffa stem steam generating body comprises luffa stem sections cut along the radial direction of luffa stems, one end face of each luffa stem section is carbonized to form a carbonized layer, the preparation method comprises the steps of placing luffa stems in water for soaking treatment, then cutting luffa stem sections, drying the luffa stem sections, then carrying out surface baking carbonization treatment on the luffa stem sections, taking out the luffa stem sections after the carbonization treatment is changed into black surface, placing the luffa stems in water for quenching treatment, and finally drying the luffa stem sections. According to the invention, the natural three-dimensional gradient interconnected pore structure of the luffa stem is fully utilized, and the design of the height and the pressure difference of the columnar luffa stem is adopted, so that rapid evaporation and salt concentration gradient reflux are spontaneously formed, the evaporation speed is improved, and the problems of poor salt-resistant deposition and low repeated utilization rate of the traditional evaporator are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of bio-based solar seawater desalination, in particular to a luffa stem steam generation body, a preparation method thereof and a luffa stem-based seawater desalination evaporator.
Background
To alleviate the problem of shortage of fresh water resources, the most common practice today is desalination of sea water. Sea water desalination is the process of producing fresh water by sea water desalination, and the mainstream methods in the market at present are a reverse osmosis membrane method, a distillation method and an electrodialysis method. However, the reverse osmosis membrane method requires a pressurizing device, the distillation method requires heating equipment, a large amount of fossil fuel is consumed, and the replacement cost of internal components of the electrodialysis method is extremely high.
The utilization of solar energy for desalination of sea water is a promising method for producing fresh water, and has recently attracted extensive scientific attention. The solar interface evaporator captures solar energy through the light absorber and converts the solar energy into heat energy, and heats the water body to generate liquid-gas phase transformation on the surface of the water body, so that solar driven evaporation is realized. There are many materials for solar interface evaporation, among which, biological solar interface evaporator of plant origin has natural hydrophilicity, heat insulation, sustainability, zero CO 2 The characteristics of low emission and cost and the like meet the application requirements of the solar interface evaporator. But there are many issues in many bio-based (wood, bamboo) solar vaporizers on the market today for serving: firstly, the efficiency of seawater desalination is not high enough; secondly, the deposition of salt cannot be avoided; thirdly, the mechanical property of the natural plant base material is poor, and the natural plant base material cannot be used for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a luffa stem steam generation body, a preparation method thereof and a luffa stem-based seawater desalination evaporator, and aims to solve the technical problems of poor salt-tolerant deposition, low seawater desalination efficiency and poor durability of the conventional bio-based solar evaporator.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a luffa stem steam-generating body, comprising a luffa stem section cut along a radial direction of a luffa stem, wherein one end surface of the luffa stem section is carbonized to form a carbonized layer.
Furthermore, the capillary phenomenon balance height of the luffa stem is H, and the height H of the luffa stem section is not less than 0.17H and not more than H. In order to ensure the rapid water transmission of the luffa stem, H is preferably not less than 0.17H and not more than 0.5H, and the capillary phenomenon balance height H of the luffa stem is generally within the range of 4-6 cm.
Further, the thickness of the carbonization zone is 1-2 mm.
Furthermore, the density of the luffa stem section is 200-550 kg/m 3 . Preferably 300 to 550kg/m 3 。
The invention also provides a preparation method of the luffa stem steam generating body, which comprises the following steps: soaking luffa stem in water, cutting to obtain luffa stem segments, drying, surface baking, carbonizing, and drying.
Further, the temperature of the carbonization treatment is 200-700 ℃, and the carbonization time is 10-60 s. The carbonization temperature is preferably 500 ℃ and the carbonization time is preferably 30s.
The invention also provides a luffa stem-based seawater desalination evaporator which comprises an evaporation box, a collection cup, a condensation top cover and a luffa stem steam generation component, wherein the luffa stem steam generation component comprises a support plate and a plurality of luffa stem steam generation bodies arranged on the support plate;
the condensation top cap is infundibulate and installs the top of evaporation case, luffa stem steam generation subassembly sets up the inside of evaporation case, collect the cup and install the inside of evaporation case and rim of a cup aim at the pointed end of condensation top cap.
Furthermore, the supporting plate is made of a hydrophobic buoyancy material, and the luffa stem steam generation assembly is movably arranged inside the evaporation box.
Furthermore, the collecting cup is in threaded connection with the bottom wall of the evaporation box, and the supporting plate is movably sleeved on the collecting cup.
Further, the condensation top cover is made of transparent materials.
The luffa stem is rich in source and low in price, mainly comprises cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and has good hydrophilicity. The luffa stem has high lignin content and high relative crystallinity of cellulose, and contains saponin, so that the erosion resistance and mechanical property of the luffa stem are improved. The luffa stem has abundant pore structures and water transportation tissues, and is favorable for water transportation in the vines. Therefore, inspired by the super-strong water conveying capacity and the special pore structure of the planted vines, the invention provides the method for preparing the solar seawater desalination evaporator by utilizing the natural luffa vines. The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the natural three-dimensional gradient interconnected pore structure of the luffa stem is fully utilized, and the design of the height and the pressure difference of the columnar luffa stem spontaneously forms rapid evaporation and salt concentration gradient reflux, so that the evaporation speed is improved, and the problems of poor salt-resistant deposition and low reuse rate of the traditional evaporator are solved. The diameter distribution range of the luffa stem conduit is 100-550 μm, the diameter distribution of the peripheral cells is 11.5-26.55 μm, and the conduit size is more than ten times larger than the peripheral cells, thereby calculating the pressure difference formed by the water in the conduit and the peripheral cells to be 2874-7058N/m 2 . Therefore, by combining the design of the height of the luffa stem column-shaped small section, the concentration of the salt on the upper layer is increased along with the increase of the evaporation speed, and the salt can form spontaneous salt backflow in the catheter and the cell cavity under the action of pressure, so that the salt tolerance is improved.
(2) The invention utilizes the high lignin content of the luffa stem to overcome the problems of poor mechanical property and durability of the traditional plant type solar evaporator. The lignin content of luffa stem is up to 25.18%, which belongs to high lignification material, the grain compression of luffa stem can bear 15.7MPa force without being destroyed, which is higher than many biological base material. After being soaked for 30 days, the grain-following compression strength can still reach 9.4MPa.
(3) The invention utilizes the capillary pressure difference generated by the large conduit and the cell cavity in the luffa stem, and designs the length of the luffa stem evaporator and the water surface extension height by calculating the static balance height of the luffa stem water transmission.
(4) The invention designs a surface baking carbonization mode to replace flame carbonization and surface adsorption carbon powder, a carbonization layer can be controlled to be 1-2mm thick, the carbonization thickness can be increased to be matched with the microstructure of a natural luffa rattan interface on the basis of not changing a macroscopic moisture transportation channel, the structure is more stable, the substrate can continuously transport moisture conveniently, and steam is generated on the surface under the sunlight to desalt seawater steam. In addition, the surface baking carbonization method designed by the invention can enable the surface unevenness of the luffa stem to be richer, the sunlight absorptivity of the carbonized luffa stem can reach about 91%, and is doubled compared with the uncated luffa stem, so that the light and heat management capability is better.
(5) The invention designs the luffa stem solar evaporator with low heat conductivity coefficient by utilizing the lower heat conductivity coefficient of luffa stem and combining a carbonization layer with the thickness of 1-2 mm. The lower thermal conductivity (0.13W/mk) ensures less heat transfer down the evaporation surface, concentrating on the evaporation surface, avoiding heat losses.
(6) According to the invention, by utilizing the 3D structure of the luffa stem, in the evaporation process, a part of water vapor escapes from the side wall to reduce the temperature of the side wall, and the temperature is lower than the ambient temperature, and a cold evaporation surface is designed to be introduced into the side surface of the solar evaporator. The existence of the cold evaporation surface enables the solar evaporator to absorb energy from the environment, thereby improving the evaporation efficiency of the evaporator. The evaporation efficiency of the surface carbonization luffa stem-based solar evaporator can reach 118%.
(7) Although the density of the luffa stem is light, the weight of the luffa stem is increased to more than 1.5 times of the original weight after water absorption, and the phenomenon of floating and even sinking is generated due to the obvious increase of the mass. The loofah vine steam generation body disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the surface carbonized loofah vine can stably float on the water surface by selecting the hydrophobic and light suspension base, the floating height can be freely adjusted, and the loofah vine transmission is not influenced. Through fixing the single luffa stem on the auxiliary suspension base at certain intervals, the efficient photothermal evaporation of the luffa stem can be always kept, and the luffa stem floats on the water surface all the time according to the use requirement, so that the service life can be prolonged, and the stable evaporation speed and evaporation efficiency can be kept.
(8) According to the luffa stem-based solar evaporator designed by the invention, on the basis of high evaporation rate (3.56 kg m-2 h-1) and high evaporation efficiency (118%) of a single luffa stem, the luffa stem interval is 1cm, so that the evaporator is ensured to integrally exert the maximum evaporation efficiency and rate in the evaporation process.
(9) The structural design of the seawater evaporation box can realize the separation of seawater and purified fresh water, ensure that the luffa stem steam generating body stably floats on the water surface, and can realize the replacement of the base luffa stem material in a convenient and fast way.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the evaporation effect of a luffa rattan-based seawater desalination evaporator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective sectional view of a luffa rattan-based seawater desalination evaporator according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an installation structure of a collection cup and a water outlet pipe in the luffa rattan-based seawater desalination evaporator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of an installation structure of a water inlet pipe in the luffa rattan-based seawater desalination evaporator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of an installation structure of a condensation top cover in the luffa rattan-based seawater desalination evaporator according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is an exploded view of a luffa stem steam generating assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 7 is a schematic structural view of a luffa stem steam-generating body according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of a multi-level three-dimensional gradient pore structure of luffa stem;
FIG. 9 is a view showing a surface structure of a luffa stem steam-generating body;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of salt reflux of luffa stem steam generating body.
Description of the reference numerals:
1. a luffa stem steam-generating body; 11. luffa stem segments; 12. a carbonization zone;
2. an evaporation tank; 21. a threaded barrel; 22. a first threaded hole; 23. a second threaded hole; 24. a soft gasket;
3. a collection cup; 31. a trumpet-shaped outer flaring edge; 32. a cylindrical side wall; 33. closing up the funnel-shaped bottom; 34. A threaded post;
4. a condensing top cover; 41. hanging edges;
5. a support plate; 51. a hole of abdication; 52. mounting a through hole;
6. a water inlet pipe; 61. a first threaded pipe joint;
7. a water outlet pipe; 71. a second threaded pipe joint.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Herein, a plurality means two or more.
See fig. 7-10.
In order to overcome the problems of poor salt-tolerant deposition, high desalination efficiency and the like of the conventional evaporator, the invention designs a luffa stem steam generation body 1 which comprises a luffa stem section 11 cut along the radial direction of a luffa stem, wherein one end face (namely one end face of axial two end faces) of the luffa stem section 11 is carbonized to form a carbonized layer 12.
The luffa stem has rich pore structure and water transportation and conduction tissue, and is composed of a skin layer 112, a vascular bundle 113 and the like, wherein conduits 1131 with different sizes are distributed in the vascular bundle, and the conduits 1131 are connected with surrounding axial cells 1132 through microscopic pores 1133. The luffa stem is internally provided with a plurality of macroscopic conduits 1131, axial cells 1132 and microscopic pores 1133 which jointly form a three-dimensional multi-level gradient pore structure, and during evaporation, the concentration of salt 1134 is higher than that of the bottom surface due to rapid water loss of the evaporation surface at the top, so that a concentration difference is formed, and therefore, the salt flows downwards (1135 is indicated by an arrow direction) and the seawater is transported upwards (1136 is indicated by an arrow direction).
See fig. 1-6.
Based on the luffa stem steam generation body, the invention provides a luffa stem-based seawater desalination evaporator, which comprises an evaporation box 2, a collection cup 3, a condensation top cover 4 and a luffa stem steam generation component, wherein the luffa stem steam generation component comprises a support plate 5 and a plurality of luffa stem steam generation bodies 1 arranged on the support plate 5; the luffa stem steam generating body 1 comprises luffa stem sections 11 cut along the radial direction of luffa stems, and a carbonization layer 12 is formed by carbonizing one end face of each luffa stem section 11;
During the use, add the sea water in the evaporation tank, sunlight shines the carbonization zone of luffa stem steam generation body, and solar energy produces the photothermal effect on the surface and turns into heat energy, receives energy drive transpiration effect to evaporate, and the vapor that produces condenses at the bottom surface of condensation top cap to the tip part of condensation top cap is fallen to under the action of gravity, finally falls into the collection cup to this fresh water after obtaining the desalination.
In one embodiment, the supporting plate 5 is made of a hydrophobic buoyancy material, and the luffa stem steam generating assembly is movably disposed inside the evaporation tank 2. Design like this, need not set up the installation fixed knot of any luffa stem steam generation subassembly and construct, directly with luffa stem steam generation subassembly carbonization face up place in the evaporation tank can, fill into sea water and when evaporating when inside, luffa stem steam generation subassembly can be along with the liquid level height realization of sea water independently suspend, make its top carbonization zone accept shining of sunlight all the time. The hydrophobic buoyancy material can be selected from any hydrophobic material capable of supporting the luffa stem steam generating body to float on the water surface, such as a PE foam board, a polyurethane sponge, an EPS board and the like, and the water transmission of the luffa stem cannot be influenced.
In specific implementation, the diameter of the luffa stem steam generation component is smaller than that of the evaporation box, and a distance gap exists between the outer edge of the luffa stem steam generation component and the inner wall of the evaporation box, so that the friction force of upward floating and downward sliding can be reduced.
In one embodiment, the condensation cover 4 is made of a transparent material. Design like this, the permeable condensation top cap of sunlight shines luffa stem steam generation subassembly, and in the concrete implementation, the luminousness reaches more than 90%, for example ya keli, glass, pc board material to ensure that the harmless of light penetrates into.
In one embodiment, the surface of the condensation top cover 4 is coated with a hydrophilic film, and the side wall of the hydrophilic film forms an included angle of 45-60 degrees with the axial direction, so that water vapor is rapidly condensed on the inner surface and flows down along the side wall of the funnel, and then gathers into water drops at the lowest point of the center and drips. The hydrophilic membrane material includes, but is not limited to, triacetate fiber membrane, diacetate fiber membrane, agarose gel.
In one embodiment, the evaporation box 2 is made of a transparent material. Such as acrylic plates, PVC plastics, transparent resins, etc., the present invention is not particularly limited, and the design is such that the internal conditions of the evaporation box can be observed at any time, and simultaneously, sunlight can also penetrate through and irradiate the luffa stem steam generation assembly.
In one embodiment, the device further comprises a water inlet pipe 6 communicated with the evaporation box 2 and a water outlet pipe 7 communicated with the collection cup 3. The design can supply seawater to the evaporation tank at any time through the water inlet pipe, fresh water in the collecting cup can be discharged through the water outlet pipe at any time, and in specific implementation, valves can be installed on the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe and used for controlling the on-off of a pipeline.
In one embodiment, the collecting cup 3 is screwed on the bottom wall of the evaporation box 2, and the supporting plate 5 is movably sleeved on the collecting cup 3.
In specific implementation, the middle part of the supporting plate 5 is provided with a yielding hole 51. The diameter of the relief hole 51 is larger than that of the collection cup, and the support plate can float up and down along the collection cup with the water level without resistance.
In an embodiment, a plurality of installation through holes 52 are formed on the support plate 5, the luffa stem steam generation body 1 is inserted into the installation through holes 52, and the lower end of the luffa stem steam generation body 1 extends out of the installation through holes 52.
In the specific implementation, the thickness of the supporting plate is 3-8 mm, the lower end of the luffa stem steam generation body 1 extends out of the mounting through hole by 5-10 mm, the distance between the holes of the mounting through hole is 10-15 mm, the diameter of the mounting through hole is consistent with the diameter of the luffa stem or is slightly smaller than the luffa stem, the range can be 6-10 mm, and the luffa stem can be clamped without special limitation.
In one embodiment, the bottom wall of the evaporation box 2 is provided with a threaded cylinder 21, the bottom of the collection cup 3 is provided with a threaded column 34, and the threaded column 34 is screwed in the threaded cylinder 21, so that the collection cup 3 is screwed on the bottom wall of the evaporation box 2. The design like this, simple structure, easy dismouting.
In an embodiment, a first threaded hole 22 communicating with the evaporation box 2 is formed in the bottom wall of the evaporation box 2, one end of the water inlet pipe 6 is connected with a first threaded pipe joint 61, and the first threaded pipe joint 61 is in threaded connection with the first threaded hole 22, so that the water inlet pipe 6 is communicated with the evaporation box 2. By the design, the detachable installation of the water inlet pipe can be realized.
In an embodiment, one end of the water outlet pipe 7 is connected with a second threaded pipe joint 71, a second threaded hole 23 communicated with the threaded cylinder 21 is formed in the bottom wall of the evaporation box 2, the second threaded pipe joint 71 is in threaded connection with the second threaded hole 23, and the threaded column 34 is of a hollow structure and is communicated with the collection cup 3, so that the water outlet pipe 7 is communicated with the collection cup 3. By the design, the detachable installation of the water outlet pipe can be realized, and the collecting cup is communicated with the water outlet pipe through the threaded column, the threaded cylinder, the second threaded pipe joint.
In an embodiment, a circle of L-shaped hanging edge 41 extending downwards is arranged on the periphery of the top of the condensation top cover 4, and the condensation top cover 4 is clamped on the top of the side wall of the evaporation tank 2 through the L-shaped hanging edge 41. Design like this, do not need other installation fixed knot to construct, the condensation top cap can realize dismantling through L shape string limit and hang the top of establishing at the lateral wall of evaporating box.
In one embodiment, a soft gasket 24 is laid on the top of the side wall of the evaporation box 2. By the design, the sealing performance of the connecting part of the condensation top cover and the evaporation box can be improved, and the water vapor loss is reduced.
In one embodiment, the fresh water collecting cup 3 is composed of a flared rim 31, a cylindrical sidewall 32 and a funnel-shaped bottom closing-off 33 from top to bottom. By the design, the top of the collecting cup is in a horn shape, so that the fresh water dropping from the top can be collected as much as possible, and the funnel-shaped bottom closing-in is convenient for guiding the fresh water to enter the water outlet pipe.
The following provides 4 examples of the preparation methods of the luffa stem steam-generating body and the luffa stem steam-generating component.
The luffa stem selected in the following examples has the root, miscellaneous branches, knots and bent parts removed in advance, and the middle part is selected to be straight. And (3) placing the luffa stem cylinder small section in an ultrasonic cleaning machine to clean ash and impurities on the surface of the peel layer.
Example 1
(1) Preparing the luffa stem steam generating body: soaking luffa stem in pure water for 1h, cutting into 3cm segments with a blade, placing in an oven, baking at 65 deg.C for 12h, opening the oven to preheat until the surface temperature reaches 200 deg.C, placing one side of luffa stem segment on the oven, baking for 60s, taking out after the surface turns black, placing in water (room temperature water, the same below), quenching, and placing the surface carbonized luffa stem in the oven, drying at 65 deg.C for 12h.
(2) Preparing the luffa stem steam generating component: cutting out mounting through holes with the diameter of 1cm from support plates with the thickness of 5mm every 1cm, inserting the luffa stem steam generation body carbide layer upwards into the mounting through holes (distributed according to the graph shown in fig. 6, the same below), and exposing the lower ends of the luffa stem steam generation body carbide layers out of the mounting through holes by 5mm.
Example 2
(1) Preparing the luffa stem steam generating body: soaking luffa stem in pure water for 1h, cutting into 2cm segments with a blade, placing in a drying oven, drying at 65 deg.C for 12h, opening the electric furnace, preheating to surface temperature of 400 deg.C, placing one side of luffa stem segment on the electric furnace, baking for 50s, taking out after surface blackening, placing in water for quenching, and placing the surface carbonized luffa stem in the drying oven, drying at 65 deg.C for 12h.
(2) Preparing the luffa stem steam generating component: cutting out installation through holes with the diameter of 1cm from a support plate with the thickness of 5mm every 1cm, inserting the luffa stem steam generating body carbonized layer upwards into each installation through hole, and exposing the lower end of the luffa stem steam generating body carbonized layer to 5mm from the installation through holes.
Example 3
(1) Preparing the luffa stem steam generating body: soaking luffa stem in pure water for 1h, cutting into 1cm segments with a blade, baking at 65 deg.C in a baking oven for 12h, preheating to 500 deg.C, baking one side of luffa stem segment in the electric oven for 30s after the surface turns black, taking out, quenching in water, and drying at 65 deg.C in the baking oven for 12h.
(2) Preparing the luffa stem steam generating component: cutting out installation through holes with the diameter of 1cm on support plates with the thickness of 5mm every 1cm, inserting the luffa stem steam generating body carbide layer upwards into the installation through holes, and exposing the lower ends of the luffa stem steam generating body carbide layers out of the installation through holes by 5mm.
Example 4
(1) Preparing the luffa stem steam generating body: soaking luffa stem in pure water for 1h, cutting into 2cm segments with a blade, baking at 65 deg.C in a baking oven for 12h, preheating to 700 deg.C, baking the luffa stem segments on the electric oven for 20s after the surface turns black, taking out, quenching in water, and drying at 65 deg.C in the baking oven for 12h.
(2) Preparing the luffa stem steam generation component: cutting out installation through holes with the diameter of 1cm on support plates with the thickness of 5mm every 1cm, inserting the luffa stem steam generation body carbide layer upwards into the installation through holes, and exposing the lower ends of the luffa stem steam generation body carbide layers out of the installation through holes by 10mm.
Effect verification
(a) Rate of evaporation
Placing luffa stem steam generating component in beaker filled with pure water, floating on water surface, and adopting optical density of 1kW m -2 The solar simulator simulates 1 sunlight irradiation, measures the pure water evaporation rate for 60 min under a steady state condition, measures the weight change of water evaporation by using an electronic analytical balance with the accuracy of 0.0001, and calculates the weight of the water evaporated in unit time by the luffa stem steam generation assembly in unit area, namely the final evaporation rate.
The evaporation rate calculation formula is as follows:
wherein m is the mass (kg) of evaporated water, and S is the area (m) of the evaporation surface of the evaporator 2 ) And t is time (h).
(b) Efficiency of evaporation
The calculation formula of evaporation efficiency is as follows:
where v is the evaporation flow per unit area of water (minus the evaporation rate of water in the dark) (kg m -2 h -1 ) Hv is the enthalpy of evaporation of water (kJ kg) -1 )，C opt Represents the optical density, q i Represents the standard sunlight intensity (1 kW m) -2 )。
(c) Salt deposition effect
Continuously irradiating for 30h with the same sunlight, observing the salt content on the surface of the luffa stem steam generation component, and recording the area ratio of the salt particles.
The test results of each example are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 Evaporation Rate and Evaporation efficiency
Example 5
Verification of actual seawater evaporation effect of luffa stem steam generation assembly
Preparation of simulated seawater: naCl 26.518g, mgSO 4 3.305g，MgCl 2 2.447g，CaCl 2 1.141g and KCl 0.725g were dissolved in pure water, naHCO was added 3 0.202g, and metering to 1000ml to obtain the required seawater solution.
The luffa stem steam generation assembly prepared in example 4 was placed in an evaporation tank, a luffa stem-based seawater desalination evaporator was assembled, and seawater was injected to float the luffa stem steam generation assembly on the water surface. The simulated sunlight is used for continuously irradiating the top of the steam generator, and fresh water is evaporated and carried out and collected along with the evaporation, so that the seawater is desalinated. The concentrations of sodium ions, magnesium ions, potassium ions and calcium ions in the seawater before desalination treatment and the water collected after evaporation and desalination by a steam generator are respectively detected, and the results are shown in table 2:
TABLE 2 concentration of four major metal ions (ppm)
As can be seen from Table 2, the removal rate of the water and salt collected after evaporation and desalination by the steam generator reaches 99.96%.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, which is intended to cover any modifications, equivalents, improvements, etc. within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A luffa stem steam generating body is characterized by comprising luffa stem sections cut along the radial direction of luffa stems, wherein one end face of each luffa stem section is carbonized to form a carbonized layer.
2. The luffa stem steam-generating body of claim 1, wherein the height H of the luffa stem segment is 0.17H ≦ H, taking the capillary phenomenon equilibrium height of luffa stem as H.
3. The luffa stem steam-generating body of claim 1 or 2, wherein the carbonized layer has a thickness of 1 to 2mm.
4. The luffa stem steam generator of claim 1 or 2Characterized in that the density of the luffa stem segment is 200-550 kg/m 3 。
5. The method for preparing the luffa stem steam-generating body of any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising the steps of: soaking luffa stem in water, cutting to obtain luffa stem segments, drying, surface baking, carbonizing, and drying.
6. The method for preparing the luffa stem steam-generating body of claim 5, wherein the carbonization temperature is 200 to 700 ℃ and the carbonization time is 10 to 60s.
7. A luffa stem-based seawater desalination evaporator, comprising an evaporation tank, a collection cup, a condensation top cover and a luffa stem steam generation assembly, wherein the luffa stem steam generation assembly comprises a support plate and a plurality of luffa stem steam generation bodies according to any one of claims 1 to 4 mounted on the support plate;
the condensation top cap is infundibulate and installs the top of evaporation case, luffa stem steam generation subassembly sets up the inside of evaporation case, collect the cup and install the inside of evaporation case and rim of a cup aim at the pointed end of condensation top cap.
8. The luffa stem-based seawater desalination evaporator of claim 7, wherein the support plate is made of a hydrophobic buoyancy material, and the luffa stem steam generation assembly is movably disposed inside the evaporation tank.
9. The luffa stem-based seawater desalination evaporator of claim 7 or 8, wherein the collecting cup is screwed on the bottom wall of the evaporation tank, and the supporting plate is movably sleeved on the collecting cup.
10. The luffa stem-based seawater desalination evaporator of claim 7 or 8, wherein the condensation top cover is made of a transparent material.
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