CN110844959A - Photothermal water evaporation device based on loofah sponge biomass - Google Patents
Photothermal water evaporation device based on loofah sponge biomass Download PDFInfo
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- CN110844959A CN110844959A CN201911153479.1A CN201911153479A CN110844959A CN 110844959 A CN110844959 A CN 110844959A CN 201911153479 A CN201911153479 A CN 201911153479A CN 110844959 A CN110844959 A CN 110844959A
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- Prior art keywords
- loofah sponge
- biomass
- carbonized
- water evaporation
- sheet
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
- C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
- C02F1/043—Details
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/006—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using solar heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
- Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Abstract
The invention provides a design of an interface solar steam generator based on loofah sponge biomass, and the device is used for wastewater treatment. The porous biomass charcoal sheet is obtained by taking loofah sponge as a raw material through the steps of molding, carbonizing and the like, and the prepared material has self-floating performance, can efficiently absorb sunlight and convert the sunlight into heat energy, and obtains good solar water evaporation performance. After the biomass carbon sheet is subjected to in-situ deposition of the carbon nano tubes, the water evaporation performance is improved. The loofah sponge is used as a raw material, the raw material is environment-friendly and renewable, the preparation process of the water evaporation device is simple, and the large-scale production can be realized; the water evaporation operation is convenient, no special person is needed for nursing, and the method has good application prospect in the field of wastewater treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of water treatment, and particularly relates to design of an interface solar steam generator and application of the interface solar steam generator in wastewater treatment.
Background
In recent years, a large amount of wastewater containing dye and heavy metal ions is generated in the production process of the industries such as chemical industry, metallurgy and the like, and if the wastewater is directly discharged, irreversible pollution is caused to a water body and the surrounding environment, so that the treatment of the wastewater containing dye and heavy metal is very important. The dye and the heavy metal ions have various types, different toxicity, different treatment modes and more complex treatment process. The evaporation method can be used for wastewater treatment, and steam is used for providing heat energy, so that the energy consumption is large. Compared with the traditional fossil energy, the solar energy is an inexhaustible renewable resource, and has the advantages of abundant reserves, wide distribution, cleanness and environmental protection. The traditional solar evaporation technology carries out water evaporation by converting the energy of sunlight into heat through a heat collector, and the mode is heavy and expensive in equipment and low in efficiency. The interface solar steam generator converts clean and environment-friendly solar energy into heat energy by constructing a high-efficiency photothermal conversion material on the surface of the aqueous solution, the heat is gathered at the gas-liquid interface to locally heat water, the heat loss to the water body is reduced to the maximum extent, the evaporation efficiency of surface water is improved, and the wastewater treatment is effectively carried out.
Based on this, research on various photothermal conversion materials, such as carbon-based materials (graphite, carbon black, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and biomass carbon), nano noble metal particles, semiconductor materials, and organic materials (polypyrrole, polyaniline) has been increasingly emphasized. However, the problems of high price of the nanogold, complex molding process of the graphene porous material with high specific surface area and porosity, poor cycle stability of the organic polypyrrole material and the like restrict the application of the large-scale solar water evaporation material, and the development of the low-cost photothermal conversion material and the preparation process thereof is urgently needed. Renewable natural biomass resources provide sufficient raw material sources for the development and application of carbon materials due to the rich carbon content of the renewable natural biomass resources. Meanwhile, the natural biomass resource generates rich pore structure after being converted into the carbon material, is beyond the reach of artificially synthesized materials, can prepare the activated carbon material with ultrahigh specific surface area, and has huge application prospect in the fields of adsorption, energy storage and electrochemistry.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems of the prior art, the invention provides a design of an interface solar steam generator based on loofah sponge biomass charcoal material, and the device is used for wastewater treatment. The loofah sponge is used as a natural renewable resource, a plurality of layers of fine and tough natural reticular porous structures are enclosed by criss-cross fibers, the porous loofah sponge sheet with a complete structure is easy to process, and the graded porous carbon material is obtained after carbonization and compounding. The biomass charcoal material has wide source, low price, good plasticity, strong acid and strong alkali corrosion resistance and good photo-thermal circulation stability, and is an ideal photo-thermal conversion device. China is a great planting country of towel gourd, and sufficient raw material supply is provided for structural design and preparation of the ultralight porous carbon material.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
(1) the design method of the interface solar steam generator comprises the following steps:
the loofah sponge is used as a raw material, and the porous biomass charcoal piece is prepared through molding and carbonization, can absorb solar energy and convert the solar energy into heat energy, and further realizes water evaporation. After the biomass carbon sheet is subjected to in-situ deposition of the carbon nano tubes, the water evaporation performance is improved.
Preferably, the photothermal conversion material is a carbonized loofah sponge sheet and a carbonized loofah sponge sheet composite material with carbon nanotubes deposited.
Preferably, in the preparation process of the photo-thermal conversion material carbonized loofah sponge sheet, the protective atmosphere is nitrogen, and the flow rate is 80-120 mL/min; the heating rate is 3-10 ℃ per min; the carbonization temperature is 500 ℃ and 800 ℃; the heat preservation time is 1-6 h.
Preferably, in the preparation process of the carbonized loofah sponge sheet with the photo-thermal conversion material deposited with the carbon nano tubes, a layer of dopamine is firstly wrapped on the carbonized loofah sponge, and after the dopamine is carbonized, the carbonized loofah sponge sheet is soaked in a nickel nitrate solution and dried for depositing the carbon nano tubes. Taking nitrogen as protective gas, adjusting the flow rate to be 180-240 mL/min, heating to 700 ℃, and then changing the gas into mixed gas of nitrogen and ethanol for deposition.
(2) A process for the evaporation of water from an interfacial solar steam generation device comprising the steps of:
the interface solar steam generating device is placed in a container filled with different waste water, the device floats on the water surface, and a water evaporation and water purification experiment is carried out by turning on a light source or directly irradiating sunlight.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below by way of examples, and it is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
Example one
And (3) placing the loofah sponge sheet in a high-temperature furnace, heating to 500 ℃ at a heating rate of 3 ℃ per min under the nitrogen flow of 100 mL/min, and preserving heat for 4 hours to obtain the carbonized loofah sponge sheet. At 1 kW.m-2The evaporation rate of water under the irradiation of simulated sunlight is 1.21 kg.m-2·h-1。
Example two
And (3) placing the loofah sponge sheet in a high-temperature furnace, heating to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 10 ℃ per min under a nitrogen flow of 80 mL/min, and preserving heat for 1 h to obtain the carbonized loofah sponge sheet. At 3 kW.m-2The evaporation rate of water under the irradiation of simulated sunlight is 3.37 kg.m-2·h-1。
Example three
Soaking the carbonized loofah sponge sheet in dopamine solution for 4 h, drying, and then calcining in a high-temperature furnace. Under the protection of 100 mL/min nitrogen, heating to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃ per min, and keeping the temperature for 2 h. And then soaking the intermediate product in a nickel nitrate solution, drying, then placing in a high-temperature furnace, and heating to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃/min under the protection of 200 mL/min nitrogen gas. And then introducing mixed gas of nitrogen and ethanol, and preserving the heat for 7 hours at 800 ℃ to obtain the carbonized loofah sponge tablet with the carbon nano tubes deposited. It is placed in a chamber filled with heavy metal ions (Ni)2+、Ba2+、Mn2+、Cu2+Etc.) that is self-floating on the surface of the water. At 1 kW.m-2Under the irradiation of simulated sunlight, the evaporation rate of water is 1.23kg · m-2·h-1. Ni in collected water2+、Ba2+、Mn2+、Cu2+The concentration of the water is lower than the national drinking water standard.
Example four
And soaking the carbonized loofah sponge carbon sheet in dopamine solution for 24 hours, drying and then calcining the loofah sponge carbon sheet in a high-temperature furnace. Under the protection of 80 mL/min nitrogen, heating to 500 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃ per min, and keeping the temperature for 2 h. And then soaking in a nickel nitrate solution, drying, then placing in a high-temperature furnace, heating to 900 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃ per min under the protection of 200 mL/min of nitrogen gas, then introducing a mixed gas of nitrogen and ethanol, and keeping the temperature at 900 ℃ for 5 hours to obtain the carbonized loofah sponge sheet with the carbon nano tubes deposited. Placing the solution in a beaker filled with rhodamine B, and when the power density of simulated sunlight is 1 kW.m-2When the evaporation rate of water is 1.08 kg m-2·h-1And the collected water reaches the national drinking water standard.
Example five
And soaking the carbonized loofah sponge carbon sheet in dopamine solution for 24 hours, drying and then calcining the loofah sponge carbon sheet in a high-temperature furnace. Under the protection of 120 mL/min nitrogen, heating to 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 5 ℃ per min, and keeping the temperature for 2 h. Then soaking in nickel nitrate solution, drying and placing in a high-temperature furnace. Under the protection of 200 mL/min of nitrogen gas, heating to 600 ℃ at the heating rate of 3 ℃ per min, then introducing mixed gas of nitrogen and ethanol, and carrying out heat preservation for 8 hours at 600 ℃ to obtain the carbonized loofah sponge sheet with the carbon nano tubes deposited. When the power density of the simulated sunlight is 5 kW.m-2When the evaporation rate of water is 6.22 kg · m-2·h-1。
Example six
And (3) placing the loofah sponge sheet in a high-temperature furnace, heating to 800 ℃ at a heating rate of 5 ℃ per min under the nitrogen flow of 120 mL/min, and preserving heat for 2 hours to obtain the carbonized loofah sponge sheet. Placing in a container filled with seawater, and simulating the power density of sunlight to 1 kW.m-2When the evaporation rate of water is 1.17 kg m-2·h-1. Collecting the evaporated water, testing the collected water for Na+、K+、 Ca2+、Mg2+Are far below the standards of drinking water regulated by the world health organization.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, and various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention within the knowledge of those skilled in the art.
Claims (5)
1. The design of the interface solar steam generator based on loofah sponge biomass is characterized in that loofah sponge is used as a raw material, and a porous structure biomass charcoal piece is prepared through molding and carbonization, so that solar energy can be absorbed and converted into heat energy, and further water evaporation is realized; after the biomass carbon sheet is subjected to in-situ deposition of the carbon nano tubes, the water evaporation performance is improved.
2. The design of loofah sponge biomass-based interfacial solar steam generator of claim 1, wherein said light absorbing layer is a carbonized loofah sponge sheet and a composite material obtained by depositing carbon nanotubes on the carbonized loofah sponge sheet.
3. The light-absorbing layer of claim 2 is a carbonized loofah sponge sheet, and is characterized in that the press-formed loofah sponge sheet is placed in a high-temperature furnace, heated to 500-.
4. The light-absorbing layer according to claim 2, which is a composite material obtained by in-situ deposition of carbon nanotubes on carbonized loofah sponge sheets, wherein the carbonized loofah sponge sheets are soaked in dopamine solution for 4-36 h, dried and then calcined in a high-temperature furnace; under the protection of 80-120 mL/min nitrogen, heating to 500 ℃ and 800 ℃ at the heating rate of 3-10 ℃/min, and carrying out heat preservation for 1-6h to obtain an intermediate product; soaking the product in nickel nitrate solution, drying and depositing; heating to the reaction temperature under the protection of nitrogen, introducing mixed gas of nitrogen and ethanol, and keeping the temperature at 600-900 ℃ for 4-10 h to obtain the carbonized loofah sponge sheet with deposited carbon nanotubes.
5. The design of the loofah sponge biomass-based interfacial solar steam generator of claim 1, wherein the device is to be used for wastewater treatment, and is a wastewater solution containing organic dyes or/and heavy metal ions, and can also be used for seawater desalination.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201911153479.1A CN110844959A (en) | 2019-11-22 | 2019-11-22 | Photothermal water evaporation device based on loofah sponge biomass |
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| CN201911153479.1A CN110844959A (en) | 2019-11-22 | 2019-11-22 | Photothermal water evaporation device based on loofah sponge biomass |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111453801A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-07-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Bio-based photo-thermal conversion material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111874887A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-03 | 鲁东大学 | Three-dimensional structure photo-thermal conversion material for water treatment |
| CN113968994A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-01-25 | 江南大学 | Photo-thermal biomass aerogel for solar interface evaporation and preparation method thereof |
| CN115230144A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-10-25 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Biomass charcoal/polylactic acid composite 3D printing wire rod and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115504535A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-12-23 | 安徽农业大学 | Luffa stem steam generating body, preparation method thereof and luffa stem-based seawater desalination evaporator |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN111453801A (en) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-07-28 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Bio-based photo-thermal conversion material and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN111874887A (en) * | 2020-07-31 | 2020-11-03 | 鲁东大学 | Three-dimensional structure photo-thermal conversion material for water treatment |
| CN113968994A (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-01-25 | 江南大学 | Photo-thermal biomass aerogel for solar interface evaporation and preparation method thereof |
| CN113968994B (en) * | 2021-11-19 | 2022-07-05 | 江南大学 | Photo-thermal biomass aerogel for solar interface evaporation and preparation method thereof |
| CN115230144A (en) * | 2022-07-08 | 2022-10-25 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Biomass charcoal/polylactic acid composite 3D printing wire rod and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115504535A (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2022-12-23 | 安徽农业大学 | Luffa stem steam generating body, preparation method thereof and luffa stem-based seawater desalination evaporator |
| CN115504535B (en) * | 2022-08-23 | 2023-08-25 | 安徽农业大学 | Towel gourd vine steam generator, preparation method thereof and towel gourd vine-based seawater desalination evaporator |
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