CN115500167B - Method for inducing butterfly orchid pedicel to germinate and bloom in advance by using triiodobenzoic acid - Google Patents
Method for inducing butterfly orchid pedicel to germinate and bloom in advance by using triiodobenzoic acid Download PDFInfo
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- CN115500167B CN115500167B CN202211283607.6A CN202211283607A CN115500167B CN 115500167 B CN115500167 B CN 115500167B CN 202211283607 A CN202211283607 A CN 202211283607A CN 115500167 B CN115500167 B CN 115500167B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/60—Flowers; Ornamental plants
- A01G22/63—Orchids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/10—Aromatic or araliphatic carboxylic acids, or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
- A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for inducing the early germination and flowering of butterfly orchid pedicel by using triiodobenzoic acid, which comprises the following steps: firstly, performing nutrition growth on butterfly orchid under the condition of a greenhouse, and placing the butterfly orchid in the greenhouse after 4-5 mature leaves are reached; step two, preparing a tri-iodo benzoic acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 50-200 mg/L; step three, triiodobenzoic acid treatment: during the spraying period, the environment of the spraying area has no obvious temperature, humidity and illumination intensity changes, no plant diseases and insect pests are interfered, the aqueous solution of the triiodobenzoic acid is sprayed to the butterfly orchid leaves every 7-10 days, and the spraying state is based on the leaf drop, and the total treatment is carried out for 2-6 times; and fourthly, carrying out normal fertilizer and water management on the treated butterfly orchid, and avoiding water contact of the leaf blade within 2 days after the treatment. The method is simple and easy to control in operation and low in cost, is applied to large-scale production of the butterfly orchid, can promote the stem to germinate in advance, saves the production cost of a greenhouse, reasonably regulates and controls the flowering period and produces the flowering products of the butterfly orchid all the year round, and has wide popularization and application values.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for inducing the early germination and flowering of butterfly orchid pedicel by using tri-iodo benzoic acid, belonging to the technical field of orchid flowering phase regulation.
Background
The butterfly orchid is used as greenhouse flowers widely cultivated at home and abroad, has higher ornamental value and commercial value, and becomes one of important flowers in the night and supply flowers in four seasons in China. The reasonable regulation and control of the flowering of the butterfly orchid is a key technology for the production of large-scale potted flowers and cut flower products. At present, the butterfly orchid is mainly produced by adopting a greenhouse cooling or mountain flower forcing technology to induce flowering, the prior art has high requirements on facility conditions, the greenhouse cooling cost is high, the butterfly orchid production cost is too high, and the product price is too high. In recent years, with the gradual increase of daily consumption, the problem that the technology of flowering butterfly orchid in the whole year is not mature is further amplified, and the production development and the benefit improvement of butterfly orchid are restricted.
As the butterfly orchid is native in tropical regions, the suitable growth temperature is high, the period from nutrition growth to flowering is long, the butterfly orchid can only bloom after field planting usually takes about 18 months, nutrition needs to be fully accumulated, and flowering needs to be induced by low-temperature treatment, so that the temperature is high, and the temperature is one of the important factors influencing the flowering of the butterfly orchid. In order to reduce the flower forcing cost of the butterfly orchid and meet the festival and seasonal requirements of flower consumption in China, a novel low-cost flowering phase regulating technology is established, and precise flowering phase regulating is one of key technologies affecting the large-scale production of the butterfly orchid.
Research shows that the plant hormone and the growth regulator have important effect on the flowering of butterfly orchid. The plant growth regulator and other functions in flowering phase regulation have been used successfully in various plants and may be used as one of the main means for low cost and precise flowering phase regulation. Triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) is used as an inhibitor of auxin to affect the growth and development of plants, and has the effects of promoting flowering and inducing flower bud formation at a proper concentration. At present, triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) is mainly used for inhibiting the growth of the top ends of plants, dwarfing the plants, promoting the growth of lateral buds and tillers and improving the yield and quality of products, but the application effect of the triiodobenzoic acid in orchids such as butterfly orchids and the like has not been reported yet. In the flowering process of the butterfly orchid, the early nutrition accumulation and the late growth inhibition play an important role in starting the flowering, and the sensitivity of different varieties of the butterfly orchid to different growth regulators is different, and different effects are generated due to the application concentration difference.
Currently, related patents disclosed in the aspect of the flowering phase regulation of the butterfly orchid mainly include temperature regulation, illumination, water and fertilizer conditions and the like, such as a butterfly orchid flowering phase regulation method disclosed in patent publication No. CN 102017860A. However, the defects of controlling the flower opening of the butterfly orchid by the environmental factors and the nutrition conditions are mainly high cost, difficult control, complex operation and the like; if the growth regulator and the like can be utilized to induce flowering, the effect is relatively stable, the cost is low and the operation is simple.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for inducing the early germination and flowering of butterfly orchid pedicel by using tri-iodo benzoic acid (TIBA), which can shorten the flower forcing time, improve the flower forcing efficiency, has simple and easily controlled operation, and can solve the problems of high flower forcing cost, immature annual flowering technology and the like in the existing butterfly orchid production.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for inducing the early germination and flowering of butterfly orchid pedicel by using triiodobenzoic acid, comprising the following steps:
firstly, performing nutrition growth on butterfly orchid under the condition of a greenhouse, and placing the butterfly orchid in the greenhouse after 4-5 mature leaves are reached;
step two, preparing a tri-iodo benzoic acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 50-200 mg/L;
step three, triiodobenzoic acid treatment: during the spraying period, the environment of the spraying area has no obvious temperature, humidity and illumination intensity changes, no plant diseases and insect pests are interfered, the aqueous solution of the triiodobenzoic acid is sprayed to the butterfly orchid leaves every 7-10 days, and the spraying state is based on the leaf drop, and the total treatment is carried out for 2-6 times;
and fourthly, carrying out normal fertilizer and water management on the treated butterfly orchid, and avoiding water contact of the leaf blade within 2 days after the treatment.
Further, the greenhouse conditions in the first step are as follows: the daily temperature is 25-30 ℃, the night temperature is 18-25 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 70-85%, and the illuminance is 15000-20000 lx; the special fertilizer N for flowers is adopted in the nutrition growth: p: k=20: 20:20 water solution 1000-2000 times of water, 1 time every 5 d-8 d in summer and autumn and 1 time every 7 d-10 d in winter and spring and in overcast and rainy day.
Furthermore, the butterfly orchid which can induce stem extraction in advance in the first step is a material with any of large, medium and small flower types.
In the second step, the aqueous solution of triiodobenzoic acid is prepared by mother liquor, diluted into the required working solution concentration and sprayed, and when the mother liquor is prepared, a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol or 95% of ethyl alcohol is used for dissolving, and distilled water or deionized water is used for constant volume.
In the third step, the front and back surfaces of each strain of butterfly orchid leaf are required to be uniformly wetted by spraying during the spraying, wherein the spraying amount of the large-medium flower type butterfly orchid single strain triiodobenzoic acid aqueous solution is 12-18 ml, and the spraying amount of the small butterfly orchid single strain TIBA aqueous solution is 8-12 ml.
And further, fertilizer water management in the fourth step is to apply flower forcing fertilizer solution to the root system of the butterfly orchid every half month.
Further, the flower forcing fertilizer has N to P 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝10:30:20。
Furthermore, the aqueous solution of tri-iodo benzoic acid can be added with cytokinins (such as 6-benzylaminopurine 6-BA) and gibberellins (such as gibberellin GA) 3 ) And forming a mixed solution for spraying.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The invention provides a technology for inducing flowering of orchid in orchid family represented by butterfly orchid by using tri-iodo benzoic acid (TIBA) for the first time, which effectively utilizes a growth regulator to regulate the flowering phase of butterfly orchid, greatly improves the flower forcing efficiency of butterfly orchid, shortens the growth period and reduces the production cost.
(2) The invention is not limited by the butterfly orchid variety, the flower type size, the cultivation region and the like, and can play a role in promoting the early germination of the pedicel under proper conditions.
(3) The invention has simple and controllable operation, can perform high-flux spraying and meets the application requirements of large-scale production; and the problems of more uncontrollable factors, complex operation and the like caused by using methods such as environment, water and fertilizer management and the like to carry out flowering phase regulation are solved, and the method can be used in the fields of orchid flowering phase fine regulation and the like such as butterfly orchids and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 effect of TIBA treatment on stem extraction for the butterfly orchid variety "green happiness"; A. control group, TIBA treated group (100 mg/L TIBA solution).
FIG. 2 effect of TIBA treatment on extraction and flowering of the "snow" pedicel of the butterfly orchid variety; A. the control group was not sprayed; and B, the stem is drawn after TIBA treatment (100 mg/L TIBA solution), and the 'snow' is flowering after C.high Wen Wenshi TIBA treatment.
FIG. 3TIBA and 6-BA and GA 3 Mixed spraying butterfly orchid productThe effect of extracting and quantity of the green and happy pedicel; A. no control was sprayed; TIBA and 6-BA and GA 3 And (3) mixing and spraying the mixture to obtain the germination condition of the flower stalks.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
Example 1: the TIBA is utilized to induce the medium-flower type variety of the butterfly orchid to be 'green and happy' to suck stems and bloom in advance.
(1) The butterfly orchid nutrition growth is carried out under the standard greenhouse condition, and after 4-5 mature leaves are reached, the butterfly orchid medium flower type variety 'green and happy' with healthy growth state and consistent growth vigor is selected; preparing a TIBA solution with the concentration of 200mg/L, dissolving TIBA powder with a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, then fixing the volume with deionized water, diluting the TIBA solution with the concentration of 200mg/L into a TIBA solution with the concentration of 50mg/L and 100mg/L, and transferring the solution to a spray can or a sprayer for later use when in use;
(2) And (3) transferring the butterfly orchid plants to be treated to a low-temperature greenhouse, spraying 50mg/L and 100mg/L TIBA solutions to 'green happiness', wherein the environment of a spraying area is ensured to have no obvious temperature, humidity and illumination intensity changes during the spraying process, no plant diseases and insect pests are interfered, and the spraying agents are not mutually influenced. Spraying a tri-iodobenzoic acid (TIBA) aqueous solution on the butterfly orchid leaves every 7 days, wherein the optimal spraying state is based on leaf drop, and the butterfly orchid leaves are treated for 4 times;
(3) And (3) carrying out normal fertilizer and water management on the butterfly orchid plants after the treatment, and comparing the butterfly orchid plants with non-sprayed butterfly orchid materials, wherein the result shows that both 50mg/L and 100mg/L treated 'green Ruyi' can suck stems in advance. The stem induction rates after 3 weeks of treatment reach 60% respectively, the stem induction rates after the treatment of 100mg/L after the spraying of 4 weeks are 100%, and the average stem extraction days after the treatment of 50mg/L and 100mg/L are 20.6 days and 17.8 days respectively (table 1, figure 1);
TABLE 1 Effect of TIBA treatment on the number of days of stem extraction and the stem induction rate of the butterfly orchid variety "Green and happy
Example 2: the TIBA is utilized to induce the small-flower type variety 'small snow' of the butterfly orchid to suck stems and bloom in advance.
(1) The method comprises the steps of (1) carrying out nutrition growth of the butterfly orchid under standard greenhouse conditions, and selecting a butterfly orchid small flower type 'small snow' with healthy growth state and consistent growth vigor after 4-5 mature leaves are reached; dissolving TIBA powder with a small amount of absolute ethyl alcohol, dissolving with deionized water, fixing the volume, preparing solutions with the concentration of 50mg/L and 100mg/L respectively, and transferring the diluted solution into a spray can or a sprayer for later use;
(2) And (3) transferring the butterfly orchid plants to be treated to a low-temperature greenhouse, respectively spraying 50mg/L and 100mg/L TIBA on the 'small snow', wherein the environment of a spraying area is ensured not to have obvious temperature, humidity and illumination intensity changes during the spraying process, the plant diseases and insect pests are not interfered, and the spraying agents are not mutually influenced. Spraying a tri-iodobenzoic acid (TIBA) aqueous solution on the butterfly orchid leaves every 7 days, wherein the optimal spraying state is based on leaf drop, and the butterfly orchid leaves are treated for 4 times;
(3) The butterfly orchid plants after spraying treatment are subjected to normal fertilizer and water management, and the butterfly orchid plants are compared with non-sprayed butterfly orchid materials in the period, and the results show that the butterfly orchid plants treated by 50mg/L and the butterfly orchid plants treated by 100mg/L can be used for stem extraction in advance. The "snow" plants sprayed with TIBA were advanced by 4.2d and 8.4d, respectively, and the stem induction rate reached 80% and 100% after 3 weeks of treatment, respectively, with the average of 17.8 days and 13.6 days from stem extraction treatment for both concentrations (table 2, fig. 2A, fig. 2B).
TABLE 2 Effect of TIBA treatment on the number of days of stem extraction and the rate of stem induction of the low temperature region butterfly orchid variety "snow
Example 3: the application of TIBA in the high temperature zone also induces early germination of pedicel.
(1) The preparation of the early-stage material is the same as that of the preparation steps of TIBA solution in the embodiments 1 and 2, the butterfly orchid's small snow' plants to be treated are respectively placed in a high-temperature greenhouse for spraying treatment, TIBA (100 mg/L) spraying treatment is carried out, the environment of a spraying area has no obvious temperature, humidity and illumination intensity changes during spraying, no plant diseases and insect pests are interfered, and the spraying agents are not mutually influenced.
(2) Spraying treatment is carried out every 7 days, and butterfly orchid plants are subjected to normal fertilizer and water management during the treatment period. The data statistics were performed 2 times after the treatment, and the result shows that the induction rate of the pedicel treated by TIBA alone in the high temperature greenhouse is 15%, and the pedicel can be induced to germinate and bloom in advance by using TIBA in the high temperature region (figure 2C).
Example 4: TIBA treatment simultaneously adding 6-BA and GA 3 The effect of promoting the stem to be drawn out in advance is better, and the formation of plants with multiple stems can be promoted.
(1) Preparation of the preliminary Material As in example 1, the TIBA solution was prepared by adding 6-BA and GA simultaneously 3 Preparing a mixed solution;
(2) Transferring the butterfly orchid plant to be treated into a low-temperature greenhouse, and performing TIBA, 6-BA and GA on' green Ruyi 3 Spraying the mixed solution with the concentration of TIBA (100 mg/L) +6-BA (200 mg/L) +GA 3 (100 mg/L), the environment of the spraying area is ensured to have no obvious temperature, humidity and illumination intensity change during the spraying, no plant diseases and insect pests are interfered, and the spraying agents are not mutually influenced. Spraying aqueous solutions of different treatments on the butterfly orchid leaves every 7 days, wherein the optimal spraying state is based on leaf drop, and the butterfly orchid leaves are treated for 4 times;
(3) The treated butterfly orchid plant is subjected to normal fertilizer and water management, and is compared with a non-sprayed butterfly orchid control material, and the result shows that TIBA+6-BA+GA 3 The stem extracting time of the butterfly orchid sprayed by the solution mixture is 20.5 days earlier than that of the butterfly orchid without the control; and the stem extraction rate reaches 100% when the treatment is carried out for 4 weeks, while the stem extraction rate of the control group is only 5% when the treatment is carried out for 4 weeks. In addition, statistics of the number of extracted pedicel found that TIBA+6-BA+GA 3 The treatment significantly promoted the frequency of occurrence of the stems with a stem rate of 45% (table 3, fig. 3).
TABLE 3TIBA and 6-BA and GA 3 The mixed spraying treatment is green and satisfactory for butterfly orchid varietyInfluence of the number of days of stem extraction, the rate of double stems and the rate of induction of pedicel
The above is only a part of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above-mentioned preferred embodiments should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and the scope of the present invention should be defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and such modifications and adaptations are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for inducing the stem of butterfly orchid to germinate and bloom in advance by using triiodobenzoic acid is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, performing nutrition growth on butterfly orchid under the condition of a greenhouse, and placing the butterfly orchid in the greenhouse after 4-5 mature leaves are reached;
step two, preparing a tri-iodo benzoic acid aqueous solution with the concentration of 50-200 mg/L; preparing mother solution, diluting to the required working solution concentration, spraying, dissolving with a small amount of absolute ethanol or 95% ethanol, and fixing volume with distilled water or deionized water;
step three, triiodobenzoic acid treatment: during the spraying period, the environment of the spraying area has no obvious temperature, humidity and illumination intensity changes, no plant diseases and insect pests are interfered, the aqueous solution of the triiodobenzoic acid is sprayed to the butterfly orchid leaves every 7-10 days, and the spraying state is based on the leaf drop, and the total treatment is carried out for 2-6 times; wherein the front and back surfaces of each strain of butterfly orchid leaf are required to be uniformly wetted by spraying during the spraying, the spraying amount of the large-medium flower type butterfly orchid single strain triiodobenzoic acid aqueous solution is 12-18 ml, and the spraying amount of the small butterfly orchid single strain TIBA aqueous solution is 8-12 ml;
and fourthly, carrying out normal fertilizer and water management on the treated butterfly orchid, and avoiding water contact of the leaf blade within 2 days after the treatment.
2. The method for inducing early germination and flowering of butterfly orchid pedicel using triiodobenzoic acid according to claim 1, wherein the greenhouse conditions in the first step are: the daily temperature is 25-30 ℃, the night temperature is 18-25 ℃, the relative humidity of air is 70-85%, and the illuminance is 15000-20000 lx; the special fertilizer N for flowers is adopted in the nutrition growth: p: k=20: 20:20 water solution 1000-2000 times of water, 1 time every 5 d-8 d in summer and autumn and 1 time every 7 d-10 d in winter and spring and in overcast and rainy day.
3. The method for inducing the early germination and flowering of the stem of the butterfly orchid by using the triiodobenzoic acid according to claim 1, wherein the butterfly orchid capable of inducing the early stem extraction in the first step is a material with any of large, medium and small flower types.
4. The method for inducing the early germination and flowering of the stem of the butterfly orchid by using the triiodobenzoic acid according to claim 1, wherein the fertilizer water management in the fourth step is to apply the flower forcing fertilizer solution to the root system of the butterfly orchid every half month.
5. The method for inducing early germination and flowering of butterfly orchid pedicel by using tri-iodo benzoic acid according to claim 4, wherein the flower forcing fertilizer is N: P 2 O 5 :K 2 O＝10:30:20。
6. The method for inducing early germination and flowering of butterfly orchid pedicel by using tri-iodo benzoic acid according to claim 1, wherein the tri-iodo benzoic acid aqueous solution can be sprayed by adding cytokinins and gibberellins into the mixed solution at the same time.
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