CN106718472B - Method for promoting blooming of Ardisia crenata in open field - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting the blooming of Ardisia crenata Var.Y. cultured in open field, and relates to a method for promoting the blooming of plants. At present, for woody flowers cultivated in open fields, the medicament has little influence on rhododendrons and poor effect. The invention comprises the following steps: 1) early-stage nursery stock culture; 2) treatment of growth regulator: no rain, 3 pm: 00-4: when 00, uniformly spraying GA3 with the concentration of 180-220 mg/L on plant leaves, enabling more than 90% of the plant leaves to contact with the GA3 solution, and determining the using amount of each plant to be 250-300 mL according to the size of the plant; spraying once every 6-8 days for 3-5 times continuously for 26-30 days; no fertilizer is applied during the period of spraying the growth regulator; 3) fertilizer application management in the later period is processed; 4) natural growth management at the later stage of treatment; 5) and (5) flowering management. The technical scheme has short flower forcing time, simple operation, more convenience and more time saving.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for promoting plants to bloom in advance, in particular to a method for promoting the blooming of Ardisia japonica planted in open field.
Background
Rhododendron L is the largest genus of Ericaceae, about 1000 species worldwide, and 542 species of Rhododendron in China. Rhododendron (the general name of Rhododendron plant) is a world famous flower and also a traditional famous flower in China. The flower color of the potted plants is gorgeous, various and unique, and the landscape is popular with people, and plays an important role in landscaping, environment beautification and household pot culture.
Flos Lonicerae (R. ovatum) is a plant of genus Rhododendron, genus Ardisia, a species specific to China, and a wild flos Rhododendri Simsii with great development potential. The Mallotus has light purple, purple and pink flower colors, large flower quantity, elegant flower color and light fragrance, blossoms at the bottom of March and early in the four months in spring, and has high ornamental value. Meanwhile, the rhododendron simsii planch is an evergreen plant, is suitable for a high-temperature environment with low altitude, has the advantages of dust fall, pollution resistance and the like, is more suitable for being cultivated in environments such as city parks and roads and is also suitable for being potted in families, and has great development and application potential.
However, the evergreen rhododendron mariae has low growth speed in the early stage, the cutting seedling needs more than 5 years for reproductive growth, the flower bud is differentiated once a year, the requirement of an artificial cultivation technology is higher than that of Azalea type horticultural cultivars, few people develop related research and production cultivation at present, and people have little knowledge on the regulation and control of the flowering phase.
At present, the main methods for regulating and controlling the florescence of ornamental flowers comprise temperature treatment, illumination treatment, medicament treatment and cultivation measure treatment. For woody flowers cultivated in open field, the medicament treatment is a more effective flowering period regulation method, but the medicament has little influence on rhododendron and has poor effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved and the technical task to be solved by the invention are to perfect and improve the prior technical scheme and provide a method for promoting the Ardisia japonica planted in the open field to bloom in advance so as to achieve the purpose of advancing the flowering phase. Therefore, the invention adopts the following technical scheme.
A method for promoting the blooming of Ardisia japonica cultivated in open field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) early-stage seedling culture: selecting a Ardisia crenata plant which grows for more than 7 years and is subjected to cutting propagation, wherein the plant is subjected to reproductive growth, the crown width is 40 cm to 50cm to 60cm, the seedling height is 60 to 80cm, and the plant is planted in yellow soil in the open air;
applying the diluted fertilizer once every 1.5-2.5 weeks from 6 months for 6-8 times, wherein the fertilizer contains 9.4-11.6% of ammonium nitrogen, 9.6-11.6% of urea nitrogen, 6-8% of water-soluble phosphoric anhydride, 6-8% of water-soluble potassium, 12-14% of sulfur and 0.2-0.4% of water-soluble magnesium, and the growth of flower buds and plants is promoted;
when the flower buds are obviously formed in the middle ten days of 9 months, the number of the flower buds of a single plant is more than 90, 50-60 percent of the flower buds are 0.6-0.8 cm long and 0.28-0.35 cm in diameter, the content of soluble protein in leaves is more than 27mg/g, and the content of soluble sugar in the leaves is less than 125mg/g, carrying out growth regulator treatment;
2) treatment of growth regulator: no rain, 3 pm: 00-4: when 00, uniformly spraying GA3 with the concentration of 180-220 mg/L on plant leaves, enabling more than 90% of the plant leaves to contact with the GA3 solution, and determining the using amount of each plant to be 250-300 mL according to the size of the plant; spraying once every 6-8 days for 3-5 times continuously for 26-30 days; no fertilizer is applied during the period of spraying the growth regulator;
3) and (3) fertilizer application management in the later stage of treatment: after the treatment of the growth regulator is finished, applying the diluted fertilizer once, wherein the fertilizer contains 8-10% of ammonium nitrogen, 40-50% of water-soluble phosphoric anhydride, 10-20% of water-soluble potassium and 0.05-0.15% of water-soluble magnesium;
4) and (3) natural growth management in the later treatment stage: growing for 20-25 days, wherein the average temperature is 23-15 ℃, and the days with the strongest illumination above 15000Lux are more than 15 days; when the lowest temperature is lower than 10 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment by manually covering a plastic film;
5) and (3) flowering management: and (3) exposing the flower buds of the Ardisia crenata Var H.Chen in the full-bloom stage, wherein the average temperature in the flowering stage is between 19 and 13 ℃, and when the lowest temperature is lower than 10 ℃, a warm-keeping measure of manually covering a plastic film is carried out.
According to the method, the artificial cultivation measures are utilized for the first time, the growth of the flower buds of the Ardisia japonica cultured in the open air is promoted to reach a certain stage, the flower buds are treated by the plant growth regulator, the purpose of blooming in advance is achieved, the flowering period of the Ardisia japonica can be advanced by 4.5-5 months, and the Ardisia japonica blooms in the early autumn 11 month, so that the effect is obvious. Meanwhile, the flowering time is prolonged, the flowering quality of seedlings is not affected, and the growth of seedlings is not influenced. The invention has better effect when being applied to the potted rhododendron simsii with controllable environment. The technical scheme has short flower forcing time and simple operation, and is simpler and more time-saving compared with a low-temperature forced dormancy flower forcing treatment method.
As a further improvement and supplement to the above technical solutions, the present invention also includes the following additional technical features.
In the step 1) of early-stage seedling culture, the fertilizer diluted by 1000 times is applied once every 2 weeks from 6 months for 7 times, wherein the fertilizer contains 10.4% of ammonium nitrogen, 10.6% of urea nitrogen, 7% of water-soluble phosphoric anhydride, 7% of water-soluble potassium, 13% of sulfur and 0.3% of water-soluble magnesium, and the growth of flower buds and plants is promoted.
In the 2) treatment step of the growth regulator, GA3 with a concentration of 200 mg/L was uniformly sprayed on the plant leaves; spraying once every 7 days for 4 times, and taking 28 days.
During the 2) treatment of the growth regulator, the average air temperature is 25-18 ℃, and the days with the strongest illumination above 15000Lux are more than 10 days.
And 3) applying a fertilizer diluted by 1000 times once in the later fertilization management step of treatment, wherein the fertilizer contains 9% of ammonium nitrogen, 45% of water-soluble phosphoric anhydride, 15% of water-soluble potassium and 0.1% of water-soluble magnesium.
Has the advantages that: after the technical scheme is adopted, the flowers can normally bloom, the flower diameter is normal, the single plant completely withers from the first flower to the last flower, the whole flowering phase is 20-25 days, and the flowering phase is 10-16 days longer than that of the normal 3-month bottom and 4-month initial blooming. When the lowest temperature is reduced to below 10 ℃, the plants stop flowering.
The technical scheme can lead the flowering period of the Ardisia argentea to be 4.5-5 months ahead of time, and the Ardisia argentea blooms in the early autumn 11 months, and the effect is obvious. Meanwhile, the flowering time is prolonged, the flowering quality of seedlings is not affected, and the growth of seedlings is not influenced. The technical scheme has short flower forcing time and simple operation, and is simpler and more time-saving compared with a low-temperature forced dormancy flower forcing treatment method.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail below.
Example (b):
a method for promoting the blooming of Ardisia crenata Var H.Cheng cultivated in open field comprises the following steps:
1) early-stage seedling culture: the invention relates to a method for cultivating Ardisia crenata in yellow soil, which is characterized in that the Ardisia crenata is subjected to cuttage propagation for more than 7 years, the crown width is 40-50 cm, the seedling height is 60-80 cm, and the Ardisia crenata is planted in yellow soil in the open air.
From 6 months, applying the fertilizer diluted by 1000 times once every 2 weeks for 7 times, wherein the fertilizer contains 10.4% of ammonium nitrogen, 10.6% of urea nitrogen, 7% of water-soluble phosphoric anhydride, 7% of water-soluble potassium, 13% of sulfur and 0.3% of water-soluble magnesium, and the growth of flower buds and plants is promoted. In 9 middle of the month, flower buds are obviously formed, more than 90 flower buds of a single plant are grown, 50-60% of the flower buds are 0.6-0.8 cm long and 0.28-0.35 cm in diameter, the content of soluble protein in leaves is more than 27mg/g, the content of soluble sugar in the leaves is less than 125mg/g, and the growth regulator treatment is carried out.
2) Treatment of growth regulator: no rain, 3 pm: 00-4: when 00, 200 mg/L GA3 is uniformly sprayed on plant leaves, more than 90% of the plant leaves are contacted with the GA3 solution, and the amount of each plant is 250-300 mL according to the size of the plant. Spraying once every 7 days for 4 times, 28 days totally, the average temperature during the treatment period is 25-18 ℃, and the days with the strongest illumination above 15000Lux are more than 10 days. No fertilizer is applied during the period of spraying the growth regulator.
3) And (3) fertilizer application management in the later stage of treatment: after the treatment of the growth regulator is finished, fertilizer diluted by 1000 times is applied once, wherein the fertilizer contains 9% of ammonium nitrogen, 45% of water-soluble phosphoric anhydride, 15% of water-soluble potassium and 0.1% of water-soluble magnesium.
4) And (3) natural growth management in the later treatment stage: growing for 20-25 days, wherein the average temperature is 23-15 ℃, and the days with the strongest illumination above 15000Lux are more than 15 days; in extreme weather, the lowest temperature is lower than 10 ℃, and heat preservation treatment is carried out; such as a plastic cover film, etc.
5) And (3) flowering management: and (3) exposing the flower buds of the lonicera malabarica, entering a full-bloom stage after 13 days, carrying out heat preservation treatment by manually covering a plastic film when the average temperature is between 19 and 13 ℃ in the blooming stage and the lowest temperature is lower than 10 ℃ in extreme weather.
Flowering conditions: the flowers can normally open, the flower diameter is normal, the single plant completely opens from the first flower to the last flower and withers completely, the whole flowering phase is 20-25 days, and the flowering phase is 10-16 days longer than that of the normal flowering phase which opens at the beginning of 3 months and 4 months. When the lowest temperature is reduced to below 10 ℃, the plants stop flowering.
The first comparative example is as follows: different dosage of GA3
S11 early-stage seedling culture: the invention relates to a method for cultivating Ardisia crenata in yellow soil, which is characterized in that the Ardisia crenata is subjected to cuttage propagation for more than 7 years, the crown width is 40-50 cm, the seedling height is 60-80 cm, and the Ardisia crenata is planted in yellow soil in the open air.
From 6 months, applying the fertilizer diluted by 1000 times once every 2 weeks for 7 times, wherein the fertilizer contains 10.4% of ammonium nitrogen, 10.6% of urea nitrogen, 7% of water-soluble phosphoric anhydride, 7% of water-soluble potassium, 13% of sulfur and 0.3% of water-soluble magnesium, and the growth of flower buds and plants is promoted. In 9 middle of the month, flower buds are obviously formed, more than 90 flower buds of a single plant are grown, 50-60% of the flower buds are 0.6-0.8 cm long and 0.28-0.35 cm in diameter, the content of soluble protein in leaves is more than 27mg/g, the content of soluble sugar in the leaves is less than 125mg/g, and the growth regulator treatment is carried out.
S12 treatment of growth regulator: no rain, 3 pm: 00-4: at 00, uniformly spraying GA3 with the concentration of 200 mg/L onto plant leaves, contacting 100% of the plant leaves with the GA3 solution, and dripping the solution in the form of drops, wherein the dosage of each plant is 500-600 mL. Spraying once every 7 days for 4 times, 28 days totally, the average temperature during the treatment period is 25-18 ℃, and the days with the strongest illumination above 15000Lux are more than 10 days. No fertilizer is applied during the period of spraying the growth regulator.
S13 processing post management: after the treatment is finished, a fertilizer diluted by 1000 times is applied once, wherein the fertilizer contains 9% of ammonium nitrogen, 45% of water-soluble phosphoric anhydride, 15% of water-soluble potassium and 0.1% of water-soluble magnesium. Growing for 10 days, wherein the average temperature is between 23 and 15 ℃.
S14 flowering status: 10 days after the treatment, the honeysuckle flower buds begin to yellow and die.
Comparative example two: difference in GA3 concentration
S21 early-stage seedling culture: the invention relates to a method for cultivating Ardisia crenata in yellow soil, which is characterized in that the Ardisia crenata is subjected to cuttage propagation for more than 7 years, the crown width is 40-50 cm, the seedling height is 60-80 cm, and the Ardisia crenata is planted in yellow soil in the open air.
From 6 months, applying the fertilizer diluted by 1000 times once every 2 weeks for 7 times, wherein the fertilizer contains 10.4% of ammonium nitrogen, 10.6% of urea nitrogen, 7% of water-soluble phosphoric anhydride, 7% of water-soluble potassium, 13% of sulfur and 0.3% of water-soluble magnesium, and the growth of flower buds and plants is promoted. In 9 middle of the month, flower buds are obviously formed, more than 90 flower buds of a single plant are grown, 50-60% of the flower buds are 0.6-0.8 cm long and 0.28-0.35 cm in diameter, the content of soluble protein in leaves is more than 27mg/g, the content of soluble sugar in the leaves is less than 125mg/g, and the growth regulator treatment is carried out.
S22 treatment of growth regulator: no rain, 3 pm: 00-4: when 00, 50 mg/L GA3 is uniformly sprayed on the plant leaves, more than 90% of the plant leaves are contacted with the GA3 solution, and the amount of each plant is 250-300 mL according to the size of the plant. Spraying once every 7 days for 4 times, 28 days totally, the average temperature during the treatment period is 25-18 ℃, and the days with the strongest illumination above 15000Lux are more than 10 days. No fertilizer is applied during the period of spraying the growth regulator.
S23 processing post management: after the treatment is finished, a fertilizer diluted by 1000 times is applied once, wherein the fertilizer contains 9% of ammonium nitrogen, 45% of water-soluble phosphoric anhydride, 15% of water-soluble potassium and 0.1% of water-soluble magnesium. The growth is carried out for 20 to 25 days, the average temperature is between 23 and 15 ℃, and the days with the strongest illumination above 15000Lux are more than 15 days. When extreme weather occurs and the lowest temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the heat preservation treatment of manually covering a plastic film is carried out.
S24 flowering status: after 20-25 days of treatment, only part of flower buds are expanded, and after 40 days, other flower buds are not opened except for some flower buds which are exposed. When the temperature of the flower drops below 10 ℃ in the weather, the flower can not finish the opening process.
Comparative example three: treating the plants with different development
S31 seedling culture: the Ardisia crenata Var H.Cheng of 7-year-old cutting propagation is subjected to reproductive growth, the crown width is 70 x 60 cm-80 x 90 cm, the seedling height is 90-100 cm, the number of single flower buds is 15-30, and the single flower buds are planted in yellow soil in the open air.
From 6 months, applying a fertilizer diluted by 1000 times every 2 weeks, wherein the fertilizer contains 10.4% of ammonium nitrogen, 10.6% of urea nitrogen, 7% of water-soluble phosphoric anhydride, 7% of water-soluble potassium, 13% of sulfur and 0.3% of water-soluble magnesium, and is used for promoting the growth of flower buds and plants. In 9 middle of the month, the flower buds have expanded, 50 percent of the flower buds are about 0.4-0.5 cm long and about 0.18-0.22 cm wide, the content of soluble protein in leaves is below 27mg/g, the content of soluble sugar in the leaves is above 140mg/g, and the growth regulator treatment is carried out.
S32 treatment of growth regulator: no rain, 3 pm: 00-4: when 00, 200 mg/L GA3 is uniformly sprayed on the plant leaves, more than 90% of the plant leaves are contacted with the GA3 solution, and the amount of each plant is 250-300 mL according to the size of the plant. Spraying once every 7 days for 4 times, 28 days totally, the average temperature during the treatment period is 25-18 ℃, and the days with the strongest illumination above 15000Lux are more than 10 days. No fertilizer is applied during the period of spraying the growth regulator.
S33 processing post management: after the treatment is finished, a fertilizer diluted by 1000 times is applied once, wherein the fertilizer contains 9% of ammonium nitrogen, 45% of water-soluble phosphoric anhydride, 15% of water-soluble potassium and 0.1% of water-soluble magnesium. The growth is carried out for 20 to 25 days, the average temperature is between 23 and 15 ℃, and the days with the strongest illumination above 15000Lux are more than 15 days. When extreme weather occurs and the lowest temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the heat preservation treatment of manually covering a plastic film is carried out.
S34 flowering status: after 20-25 days of treatment, the bud of the Ardisia japonica is not opened.
The comparative examples and the comparative tables of the examples are shown below.
The method for promoting the blooming of the Ardisia japonica planted in the open field is a specific embodiment of the invention, has embodied the substantive characteristics and progress of the invention, and can be modified equivalently according to the practical use requirements and under the teaching of the invention, and the method is in the scope of protection of the scheme.
Claims (5)
1. A method for promoting the blooming of Ardisia japonica cultivated in open field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) early-stage seedling culture: selecting a Ardisia crenata plant which grows for more than 7 years and is subjected to cutting propagation, wherein the plant is subjected to reproductive growth, the crown width is 40 cm to 50cm to 60cm, the seedling height is 60 to 80cm, and the plant is planted in yellow soil in the open air;
applying the diluted fertilizer once every 1.5-2.5 weeks from 6 months for 6-8 times, wherein the fertilizer contains 9.4-11.6% of ammonium nitrogen, 9.6-11.6% of urea nitrogen, 6-8% of water-soluble phosphoric anhydride, 6-8% of water-soluble potassium, 12-14% of sulfur and 0.2-0.4% of water-soluble magnesium, and the growth of flower buds and plants is promoted;
when the flower buds are obviously formed in the middle ten days of 9 months, the number of the flower buds of a single plant is more than 90, 50-60 percent of the flower buds are 0.6-0.8 cm long and 0.28-0.35 cm in diameter, the content of soluble protein in leaves is more than 27mg/g, and the content of soluble sugar in the leaves is less than 125mg/g, carrying out growth regulator treatment;
2) treatment of growth regulator: no rain, 3 pm: 00-4: when 00, uniformly spraying GA3 with the concentration of 180-220 mg/L on plant leaves, enabling more than 90% of the plant leaves to contact with the GA3 solution, and determining the using amount of each plant to be 250-300 mL according to the size of the plant; spraying once every 6-8 days for 3-5 times continuously for 26-30 days; no fertilizer is applied during the period of spraying the growth regulator;
3) and (3) fertilizer application management in the later stage of treatment: after the treatment of the growth regulator is finished, applying the diluted fertilizer once, wherein the fertilizer contains 8-10% of ammonium nitrogen, 40-50% of water-soluble phosphoric anhydride, 10-20% of water-soluble potassium and 0.05-0.15% of water-soluble magnesium;
4) and (3) natural growth management in the later treatment stage: growing for 20-25 days, wherein the average temperature is 23-15 ℃, and the days with the strongest illumination above 15000Lux are more than 15 days; when extreme weather occurs and the lowest temperature is lower than 10 ℃, carrying out heat preservation treatment by manually covering a plastic film;
5) and (3) flowering management: the bud of the Ardisia crenata Var H.Chen begins to expose color, and then enters the full-bloom stage, the average temperature in the blooming stage is between 19 ℃ and 13 ℃, and when the lowest temperature is lower than 10 ℃, the warm-keeping measure of manually covering a plastic film is carried out.
2. The method for promoting the blooming of the Ardisia mamillata Hance cultivated in the open field according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the 2) treatment step of the growth regulator, GA3 with a concentration of 200 mg/L was uniformly sprayed on the plant leaves; spraying once every 7 days for 4 times, and taking 28 days.
3. The method for promoting the blooming of the Ardisia mamillata Hance cultivated in the open field according to claim 2, wherein the method comprises the following steps: during the 2) treatment of the growth regulator, the average air temperature is 25-18 ℃, and the days with the strongest illumination above 15000Lux are more than 10 days.
4. The method for promoting the blooming of the Ardisia mamillata Hance cultivated in the open field according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1) of early-stage seedling culture, the fertilizer diluted by 1000 times is applied once every 2 weeks from 6 months for 7 times, wherein the fertilizer contains 10.4% of ammonium nitrogen, 10.6% of urea nitrogen, 7% of water-soluble phosphoric anhydride, 7% of water-soluble potassium, 13% of sulfur and 0.3% of water-soluble magnesium, and the growth of flower buds and plants is promoted.
5. The method for promoting the blooming of the Ardisia mamillata Hance cultivated in the open field according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and 3) applying a fertilizer diluted by 1000 times once during the later management step of treatment, wherein the fertilizer contains 9% of ammonium nitrogen, 45% of water-soluble phosphoric anhydride, 15% of water-soluble potassium and 0.1% of water-soluble magnesium.
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