CN109769567B - Cultivation method for improving seed setting rate of skimmia purpurea - Google Patents
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- 241001292296 Skimmia Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 101
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 240000003978 Ipomoea coccinea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 104
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[K] Chemical compound [P].[K] RDXARWSSOJYNLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000010152 pollination Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical group [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010977 jade Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K tripotassium phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 244000132059 Carica parviflora Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000014653 Carica parviflora Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000205754 Colocasia esculenta Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000006481 Colocasia esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000018893 Cercis canadensis var canadensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000000024 Cercis siliquastrum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000221089 Jatropha Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000218922 Magnoliophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001038563 Pseudostellaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001093501 Rutaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001533118 Skimmia japonica Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001078995 Skimmia reevesiana Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000273928 Zingiber officinale Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006886 Zingiber officinale Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 235000012771 pancakes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910000160 potassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011009 potassium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium;6-oxido-4-sulfo-5-[(4-sulfonatonaphthalen-1-yl)diazenyl]naphthalene-2-sulfonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].C1=CC=C2C(N=NC3=C4C(=CC(=CC4=CC=C3O)S([O-])(=O)=O)S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C2=C1 SWGJCIMEBVHMTA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000001841 zingiber officinale Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
A cultivation method for improving the seed setting rate of skimmia purpurea comprises the following steps: selecting a robust red-star skimmia plant for later use, and respectively transferring a male red-star skimmia plant and a female red-star skimmia plant to a first standard thin film greenhouse for cultivation; and stopping fertilizing the red star skimmia female plant in the last 30 days of the cultivation in the first standard thin film greenhouse; 7-8 months, transferring the red star skimmia female plant in the first standard thin film greenhouse to a second standard thin film greenhouse for cultivation, recovering the fertilization of the red star skimmia female plant, and applying 2 times of phosphorus-potassium type fertilizers to the red star skimmia female plant at the frequency of 1 time per week; respectively adjusting the cultivation conditions of the second standard film greenhouse in two stages of 9-11 months and 12-2 months in the next year; and after the female red star skimmia and the male red star skimmia bloom both bloom, coating pollen of the male red star skimmia on female stamen heads of the female red star skimmia for 2-3 times at 9-11 am.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a plant cultivation method, in particular to a cultivation method for improving the seed setting rate of red star skimmia.
Background
The red-star Skimmia (Skimmia japonica) also known as Zingiber officinale or Jatropha glaucescens, the scientific name taro (Skimmia reevesiana), a flowering plant introduced from the Netherlands, is evergreen shrub or arbor of the genus Skimmia of the family Rutaceae, and has the trade name "Hongyu bead". Leaf intergrowth, short stalk, thick leather, glandular spot, and fragrant. The red star skimmia pseudochinensis fruit is spherical and is similar to pea in size, the fruit is bright red and crystal when being mature, the red fruit period is long, and the red star skimmia pseudochinensis fruit is a good ornamental flower and tree with excellent leaves, flowers and fruits and higher ornamental value. The red star skimmia is a male plant, the purple jade coral (purple red bud) is a male plant, the green jade coral (white bud) is a female plant, and the red jade pearl is named after pollination and fruiting. The skimmia pseudostellaria has less planting and high economic value in the whole country.
The conventional cultivation method of the male and female plants of the red star skimmia comprises the steps of cultivating the red star skimmia in a greenhouse with a built sunshade net, wherein the illumination intensity is 1500-2000 lx, decomposed thin pancake fertilizer solution or compound fertilizer is applied once every 15 days, the fertilization is stopped at high temperature in summer, and the red star skimmia is not dried and watered when watered, and is watered thoroughly. The florescence of the conventional cultivation female plant is 3-4 months, the florescence of the male plant is 1 month, and the florescence is difficult to meet. At present, production enterprises usually use methods such as ventilation and water curtain to reduce the temperature in a greenhouse in summer and shaping female plants, the flowering period of the female plants of the red star skimmia is advanced to improve the maturing rate, but the maturing rate is more than 50 percent, which becomes the bottleneck of large-scale planting, and cultivation technologies such as summer ventilation, water curtain cooling and shaping have great defects: the method has the advantages of short time for opening the female skimmia taro in advance, unobvious effect, low fruiting rate, long production period, great loss brought to farmers and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cultivation method for improving the seed setting rate of red spot skimmia, and mainly aims to overcome the defect of low seed setting rate caused by the fact that the red spot skimmia is not male and female and has a different flowering period.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for improving the seed setting rate of skimmia purpurea comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a red-star skimmia robust plant for standby, wherein the red-star skimmia robust plant comprises a plurality of red-star skimmia male plants and a plurality of red-star skimmia female plants;
2) respectively transferring the male red-star skimmia plant and the female red-star skimmia plant selected in the step 1 to a first standard thin film greenhouse for cultivation; and stopping fertilizing the red star skimmia female plant in the last 30 days of the cultivation in the first standard thin film greenhouse;
3) 7-8 months, transferring the red star skimmia female plant in the first standard thin film greenhouse to a second standard thin film greenhouse for cultivation, recovering the fertilization of the red star skimmia female plant, and applying 2 times of phosphorus-potassium type fertilizers to the red star skimmia female plant at the frequency of 1 time per week; a temperature adjusting device is arranged in the second standard thin film greenhouse, and the cultivation conditions of the second standard thin film greenhouse are as follows: the daytime temperature is 18-24 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1500-2000 lx, and the nighttime temperature is 16-20 ℃;
4) and 9-11 months, setting the cultivation conditions of the second standard thin film greenhouse as follows: the daytime temperature is 18-24 ℃, the illumination intensity is 2000lx, and the nighttime temperature is 18-20 ℃;
5) from 12 months to 2 months in the next year, the cultivation conditions of the second standard thin film greenhouse are set as follows: applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer for 1 time per week at the temperature of 18-24 ℃ and the illumination intensity of 2000lx until the female red-star skimmia plants bloom;
6) and after the red star skimmia female plant and the red star skimmia male plant bloom, coating the pollen of the red star skimmia male plant on the pistil stigma of the red star skimmia female plant for pollination for 2-3 times continuously at 9-11 am.
Further, the robust plants of the skimmia lanuginosa are all grown for 2 years, and the plant height is 30-50 cm, the crown width is 40-50 cm.
Furthermore, a first rolling screen, a first fan and a first seedbed for cultivating the robust red-star skimmia taro plants are arranged in the first standard thin film greenhouse, and a first double-layer sunshade net is further arranged at the top of the first standard thin film greenhouse.
Furthermore, a second rolling curtain, a second fan and a second seedbed for cultivating the female red-star skimmia taro plants are further arranged in the second standard thin film greenhouse, a second double-layer sunshade net is further arranged at the top of the second standard thin film greenhouse, and a double-layer inner heat-insulating film is arranged in the second double-layer sunshade net.
Further, the temperature adjusting device is an air conditioner.
Further, the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1000 times.
Further, in step 6, pollen of the male red star skimmia is dipped by a wet writing brush and is coated on pistil stigma of the female red star skimmia for pollination.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the method is simple and convenient to operate, the temperature regulating device arranged in the second standard film greenhouse is used for controlling the growth temperature of the red-star skimmia female plant, so that the red-star skimmia female plant can be opened in advance, the growth cycle of the red-star skimmia female plant is shortened, and the problem that the red-star skimmia female plant and the red-star skimmia male plant are out of date in flowering is solved; the problem that the time for the red star skimmia female plant to open in advance is too short when the red star skimmia female plant is treated by the existing methods of utilizing a greenhouse water curtain, a fan and the like does not exist; in addition, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests can be greatly reduced, the use of pesticides is reduced, the ecological environment is purified, the fruit setting rate can reach more than 80%, the fruit quality is good, and therefore greater economic benefits are obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a strong red star skimmia in the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings.
A cultivation method for improving the seed setting rate of skimmia purpurea comprises the following steps:
1) selecting a red-star skimmia robust plant for standby, wherein the red-star skimmia robust plant comprises a plurality of red-star skimmia male plants and a plurality of red-star skimmia female plants; wherein the robust plants of the skimmia pulcherrima are all grown for 2 years, and the plant height is 30-50 cm, the crown width is 40-50 cm.
2) Respectively transferring the male red-star skimmia plant and the female red-star skimmia plant selected in the step 1 to a first standard thin film greenhouse for cultivation; and stopping fertilizing the red star skimmia female plant in the last 30 days of the cultivation in the first standard thin film greenhouse; wherein a first rolling screen, a first fan and a first seedbed for cultivating the robust red-star skimmia taro plants are arranged in the first standard thin film greenhouse, the first seedbed is a fixed or movable seedbed planned according to the area, a first double-layer sunshade net is further arranged at the top of the first standard thin film greenhouse,
3) 7-8 months (specifically 7 months 1-8 months 31 days), transferring the red star skimmia female plant in the first standard thin film greenhouse into a second standard thin film greenhouse for cultivation, recovering the fertilization of the red star skimmia female plant, and applying 2 times of phosphorus-potassium type fertilizers to the red star skimmia female plant at the frequency of 1 time per week; a temperature adjusting device is arranged in the second standard thin film greenhouse, and the cultivation conditions of the second standard thin film greenhouse are as follows: the daytime temperature is 18-24 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1500-2000 lx, and the nighttime temperature is 16-20 ℃; wherein, the temperature adjusting device can be an air conditioner; and a second rolling screen, a second fan and a second seedbed for cultivating the female red-star skimmia taro plants are further arranged in the second standard film greenhouse, the second seedbed is a fixed or movable seedbed planned according to the area, a second double-layer sunshade net is further arranged at the top of the second standard film greenhouse, and a double-layer inner heat-insulating film is arranged in the second double-layer sunshade net.
4) From 9 months to 11 months (specifically, from 9 months to 1 day to 11 months and 30 days), the cultivation conditions in the second standard thin film greenhouse were set as follows: the daytime temperature is 18-24 ℃, the illumination intensity is 2000lx, and the nighttime temperature is 18-20 ℃;
5) from 12 months to 2 months in the next year (specifically, from 1 day at 12 months to 20 days at 2 months in the next year), the cultivation conditions in the second standard thin film greenhouse were set as follows: applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer for 1 time per week at the temperature of 18-24 ℃ and the illumination intensity of 2000lx until the female red-star skimmia plants bloom; the potassium phosphate type fertilizers are all potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1000 times. Except the three time periods of 7-8 months, 9-11 months and 12-2 months in the next year, the red star skimmia female plants are managed by adopting conventional cultivation.
6) And after the red star skimmia female plant and the red star skimmia male plant bloom, coating the pollen of the red star skimmia male plant on the pistil stigma of the red star skimmia female plant for pollination for 2-3 times continuously at 9-11 am. During the specific operation of the step, the red star skimmia female plant and the red star skimmia male plant can be placed in a first standard film greenhouse or a second standard film greenhouse together, then the pollen of the red star skimmia male plant is dipped by a wet writing brush and coated on the pistil stigma of the red star skimmia female plant for pollination, or a part of the flowering red star skimmia male plant in the first standard film greenhouse can be selected and transferred to the second standard film greenhouse for coating the pollen; in addition, the artificial pollination is not limited to the wet writing brush, and the pollination can be carried out by an air blower and the like, which is not described again.
The method is simple and convenient to operate, the temperature regulating device arranged in the second standard film greenhouse is used for controlling the growth temperature of the red-star skimmia female plant, so that the red-star skimmia female plant can be opened in advance, the growth cycle of the red-star skimmia female plant is shortened, and the problem that the red-star skimmia female plant and the red-star skimmia male plant are out of date in flowering is solved; the problem that the time for the red star skimmia female plant to open in advance is too short when the red star skimmia female plant is treated by the existing methods of utilizing a greenhouse water curtain, a fan and the like does not exist; in addition, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests can be greatly reduced, the use of pesticides is reduced, the ecological environment is purified, the fruit setting rate can reach more than 80%, the fruit quality is good, and therefore greater economic benefits are obtained.
The properties of the male and female plants of the skimmia lanuginosa in the embodiment, such as flowering phase, seed setting rate and the like, are investigated once in 3 days, and the statistical result is compared with the natural condition cultivation and the traditional standard greenhouse cultivation adopting water curtains and fans for cooling, as shown in the following table.
As can be seen from the table, the female red star skimmia is cultivated in the second standard thin film greenhouse provided with the temperature regulating device, the cultivation period can be shortened, the maturing rate is the highest and can reach 85 percent (as shown in figure 1), the temperature in the second standard thin film greenhouse is regulated in different time periods, and the maturing rate is far higher than that of the red star skimmia which is regulated by a water curtain and a fan in the conventional production at present by applying monopotassium phosphate regularly.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any insubstantial modifications made by using the design concept should fall within the scope of infringing the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A cultivation method for improving the seed setting rate of skimmia purpurea is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) selecting a red-star skimmia robust plant for standby, wherein the red-star skimmia robust plant comprises a plurality of red-star skimmia male plants and a plurality of red-star skimmia female plants;
2) respectively transferring the male red-star skimmia plant and the female red-star skimmia plant selected in the step 1 to a first standard thin film greenhouse for cultivation; and stopping fertilizing the red star skimmia female plant in the last 30 days of the cultivation in the first standard thin film greenhouse;
3) 7-8 months, transferring the red star skimmia female plant in the first standard thin film greenhouse to a second standard thin film greenhouse for cultivation, recovering the fertilization of the red star skimmia female plant, and applying 2 times of phosphorus-potassium type fertilizers to the red star skimmia female plant at the frequency of 1 time per week; a temperature adjusting device is arranged in the second standard thin film greenhouse, and the cultivation conditions of the second standard thin film greenhouse are as follows: the daytime temperature is 18-24 ℃, the illumination intensity is 1500-2000 lx, and the nighttime temperature is 16-20 ℃;
4) and 9-11 months, setting the cultivation conditions of the second standard thin film greenhouse as follows: the daytime temperature is 18-24 ℃, the illumination intensity is 2000lx, and the nighttime temperature is 18-20 ℃;
5) from 12 months to 2 months in the next year, the cultivation conditions of the second standard thin film greenhouse are set as follows: applying a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer for 1 time per week at the temperature of 18-24 ℃ and the illumination intensity of 2000lx until the female red-star skimmia plants bloom;
6) and after the red star skimmia female plant and the red star skimmia male plant bloom, coating the pollen of the red star skimmia male plant on the pistil stigma of the red star skimmia female plant for pollination for 2-3 times continuously at 9-11 am.
2. The cultivation method for improving the seed setting rate of the red star skimmia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the robust plants of the skimmia lanuginosa are all grown for 2 years, and the plant height is 30-50 cm, the crown width is 40-50 cm.
3. The cultivation method for improving the seed setting rate of the red star skimmia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the first standard thin film greenhouse is internally provided with a first roller shutter, a first fan and a first seedbed for cultivating the robust red star skimmia taro plants, and the top of the first standard thin film greenhouse is also provided with a first double-layer sunshade net.
4. The cultivation method for improving the seed setting rate of the red star skimmia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: and a second rolling screen, a second fan and a second seedbed for cultivating the female red-star skimmia taro plants are further arranged in the second standard film greenhouse, a second double-layer sunshade net is further arranged at the top of the second standard film greenhouse, and a double-layer inner heat-insulating film is arranged in the second double-layer sunshade net.
5. The cultivation method for improving the seed setting rate of the red star skimmia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the temperature adjusting device is an air conditioner.
6. The cultivation method for improving the seed setting rate of the red star skimmia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: the phosphorus-potassium fertilizer is potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1000 times.
7. The cultivation method for improving the seed setting rate of the red star skimmia as claimed in claim 1, wherein the cultivation method comprises the following steps: in step 6, the pollen of the male red star skimmia is dipped by a wet writing brush and is coated on the pistil stigma of the female red star skimmia for pollination.
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