CN101491189B - Topping-off budding-inhibition lodging-prevention flax cultivation method at late growth stage - Google Patents

Topping-off budding-inhibition lodging-prevention flax cultivation method at late growth stage Download PDF

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CN101491189B
CN101491189B CN2009100427186A CN200910042718A CN101491189B CN 101491189 B CN101491189 B CN 101491189B CN 2009100427186 A CN2009100427186 A CN 2009100427186A CN 200910042718 A CN200910042718 A CN 200910042718A CN 101491189 B CN101491189 B CN 101491189B
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flax
time
bud
lodging
pinching
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CN101491189A (en
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孙焕良
孟桂元
周清明
柏连阳
贺再新
贺勇
吴刚
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Hunan Agricultural University
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Hunan Agricultural University
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Abstract

The invention relates to flax culture technology, in particular to a topping off bud inhibition anti-lodging culture method for the flax in the later breeding stage. According to the method, the tip and twigs of a flax plant are removed by a mechanical method from the flax bud appearance stage to the flowering stage; simultaneously a bud inhibition agent is sprayed to prevent the side twigs of the flax plant from sprouting; and the lodging of the flax plant is avoided by the reduction of the flax plant tip weight and the lowering of the flax plant gravity center. The method is not limited by the anti-lodging performance of flax varieties, is not impacted by the flax growing period, and is not affected by the flax seed quantity, the flax nitrogen fertilizer application amount and the flax plant technological length. The problems similar to the underproduction caused by the synchronous shortening of the technological length of an original stem due to the flax plant height reduction resulting from the application of uniconazole cannot occur. The method can effectively reduce the lodging rate of the flax, reduce the lodging degree of the flax, and prolong the growth duration of the flax. The method is obviously characterized by stable output, high quality and high efficiency.

Description

Flax late growth stage topping sprout-inhibiting lodging-prevention cultivation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of flax growing technology, particularly the late growth stage topping sprout-inhibiting lodging-prevention cultivation method that grows flax.
Background technology
Lodging is a ubiquitous problem in the crop production, and it not only causes the serious underproduction of crops, and its product quality is also had very big influence.Carried out big quantity research crops such as paddy rice, rape, corn, wheats aspect resistant to lodging both at home and abroad, mainly take to select anti-kind, improve culture technique (as avoiding rainy season the sowing time of regulating crop, reduce planting density to increase the field permeability, control nitrogen fertilizer application and enrich phosphorus potassium to increase the cane lodging tolerance, use uniconazole P etc. and reduce plant height) wait measure, the lodging tolerance of enhancing stem stalk.
Pinching is a common high crop yield high-quality cultivation step.Method is simple, and is with low cost, and the effect of increasing income is fairly obvious, has been widely used in crop such as tobacco, cotton, sesame and fruit tree, traditional Chinese medicine cultivation.Pinch and abolished the crop apical dominance, controlled the habit of crop indeterminate growth, avoid occurring invalid branch, blade, bud and fruit etc., coordinate the rotation direction of nutrient, make crop make full use of the photo-thermal resource, guarantee the grow full-amount supply of required nutrient of crop harvesting thing, improve crop yield to greatest extent and improve the crop product quality.
Pressing down bud is the important ancillary method that the part crop is pinched and cultivates.Can cause the axillalry bud fast-germination after crop is pinched, branch increases, and consumes plant nutrition in a large number, is unfavorable for crop yield raising and quality improving, should in time use after crop is pinched and press down bud agent prevention axillary bud sprouting.Research and development at present both at home and abroad press down the bud agent have local in three types of absorption, interior absorption and tagging property, in more local of production application absorption press down the bud agent have cigarette clean, remove the logical and maleic Min of bud, interior absorption presses down the bud agent bud gram, bud enemy and sharp receive etc.; Tagging property presses down the bud agent based on fatty alcohol, and as fatty acid methyl ester, n-octyl alcohol etc., the drug effect phase is extremely short, and production application is less.Tobacco is pinched culture technique research a lot, and other crop investigations is few.
Linum high density crop, the very thin easy lodging of straw, lodging in flakes takes place in late growth stage high temperature and rainy easily, cause large tracts of land to macerate stalk and mildew and rot, reduce former stem output greatly, increase the difficulty in former stem results, airing and the keeping, reduce flax straw output, fiber quality and planting benefit.Both at home and abroad for solving flax lodging problem, proposed to select for use and resisted to fall technical measures such as kind, control numb plant height degree (using uniconazole P etc.), reduction planting density, minimizing nitrogen fertilizer amount, suitable results ahead of time, but these lodging-prevention measures are cost to reduce output mostly, and the lodging-prevention effect is very limited.
Take a broad view of existing crop topping sprout-inhibiting technology both at home and abroad, purpose is to improve crop yield and improve product quality, and crop topping sprout-inhibiting technology is applied to the blank of genus still resistant to lodging.Flax late growth stage is based on reproductive growth, photosynthetic product mainly is transported to branch, flower and fruit, and along with flowers and fruits weight constantly increases, numb strain center of gravity is moved on gradually, cause stem stalk lodging tolerance to decline to a great extent, just lodging in various degree can occur as strong wind, rainstorm weather.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned deficiency of prior art, the one late growth stage topping sprout-inhibiting lodging-prevention cultivation method that grows flax is provided, promptly pinch and be aided with chemistry and press down bud at flax bud stage, make numb strain top not branch or few branch, shaky or few solid, alleviate numb strain top weight, reduce numb strain and height of C.G. thereof, strengthen the lodging tolerance of numb strain, reduce the nutrient consumption that blossoms and bears fruit simultaneously, promote phloem fiber to grow, reach the purpose that improves output and improvement fiber quality.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the late growth stage topping sprout-inhibiting lodging-prevention cultivation method that grows flax, it is to remove numb strain taper and branch thereof in the method that flax late growth stage takes machinery to pinch, keep stem and blade thereof in the numb strain technology length, spray simultaneously and press down the bud agent and stop numb strain sprouting of lateral bud, to alleviate numb strain taper weight, reduce numb strain center of gravity, prevent flax lodging.
Pinch and be meant the removal numb strain top tip and branch thereof, stem and blade thereof in the fiber crops strain technology length (from numb strain base portion to taper first bifurcation) be should give reservation, and reduce its mechanical damage as far as possible, pinch and to select fine day or cloudy day branch to carry out for 2-3 time, can postpone as the rainy day and to carry out in 1-2 days, the time of pinching for the first time carried out in squaring period (buddingging in the numb strain top in field 50%) to flowering stage (the numb strain poppyhead in field 50% is open), the time of pinching for the second time carried out in its back of pinching for the first time in 5-9 days, pinched for the third time and carried out in 5-9 days in the back of pinching for the second time.
Pinch the preferred early flowering season of time for the first time (the numb strain poppyhead in field 10% is open) carry out.
The back 24 hours planted agents that at every turn pinch spray and press down the bud agent.Preferably spray for 1-2 time the 16:00-18:00 time-division in the afternoon on the same day of pinching and press down the bud agent in.Spray when pressing down the bud agent and should directly over numb strain, down evenly spray.
Pressing down the bud agent can be 25% maleic Min missible oil, also can be that 30.2% bud enemy missible oil, 25% bud gram aqua or 33% remove the logical missible oil of bud; Preferred 25% maleic Min missible oil.
The diluted concentration that presses down the bud agent is: 350-400 times of the former medicine dilution of 25% maleic Min missible oil, and the former medicine of 30.2% bud enemy missible oil dilutes 40-50 doubly, and the former medicine of 25% bud gram aqua dilutes 50-70 doubly, and 33% except that 80-100 times of the former medicine dilution of the logical missible oil of bud.
The diluent consumption that presses down the bud agent all is 650-750kg/hm 2
The present invention is that (numb strain is blossomed and beared fruit and caused moving on sharp increase of taper weight and the center of gravity according to the root of flax late growth stage lodging, capacity for the resistance to lodging progressively descends) and the lodging-prevention new cultivation technology of proposition, compare with traditional lodging-prevention culture technique, the present invention has following characteristics: the one, be not subjected to the restriction of flax kind lodging resistance, and all kinds all can take the topping sprout-inhibiting method to prevent lodging; The 2nd, be not subjected to flax influence in vegetative period, needn't sow ahead of time or ahead of time results avoid rainy season, can guarantee the time that flax normal growth is grown; The 3rd, be not subjected to the influence of flax seeding quantity, needn't improve the field permeability by reducing planting density, can guarantee the needed basic seedling amount of flax high yield; The 4th, be not subjected to the influence of flax amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, can satisfy the nitrogen nutrition demand of flax, help improving output; The 5th, be not subjected to the influence of numb strain technology length, can not occur being similar to and use uniconazole P etc. and cause former stem technology length to cause the problem of the underproduction because of numb plant height degree descends to shortening synchronously.
Below in conjunction with embodiment detailed content of the present invention is further described.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The one late growth stage topping sprout-inhibiting lodging-prevention cultivation method that grows flax, it comprises:
Topping sprout-inhibiting for the first time: select squaring period fine day or cloudy day to take mechanical means to remove the numb strain top tip and branch (can postpone carried out in 1-2 days as the rainy day) in flax, reservation (is the technology length of straw from straw base portion to taper first bifurcation, about 65-80cm), should in time clear up the top tip cauline leaf of being wiped out after pinching, grow in case influence the normal growth of flax, should avoid the mechanical damage of numb strain in the process of pinching as far as possible, press down the bud agent pinching to use in back 24 hours, preferably use 25% maleic Min missible oil at that afternoon 16:00-18:00 of pinching, evenly spray with sprayer, application concentration is 350-400 times of liquid of former medicine dilution, and the diluent consumption is 750kg/hm 2, should directly over numb strain, down evenly spray during the spray medicine, spray at twice.
Topping sprout-inhibiting for the second time: because of the otherness of vine growth and development, the time of topping sprout-inhibiting finished pinching for the first time in back 7 days for the second time, flax for the second time topping sprout-inhibiting method and require identical with the first time.
Topping sprout-inhibiting for the third time: the field has the numb strain of 15%-20% not pinch need to carry out topping sprout-inhibiting for the third time behind the topping sprout-inhibiting for the second time, and the time of topping sprout-inhibiting finished pinching for the second time in back 7 days for the third time.The method of topping sprout-inhibiting is identical with the first time with requirement for the third time.
After measured, adopt flax of the inventive method cultivation, lodging rate reduces greatly, and former stem process yields significantly improves, and fiber quality obviously improves.
Embodiment 2
The one late growth stage topping sprout-inhibiting lodging-prevention cultivation method that grows flax, it comprises:
Topping sprout-inhibiting for the first time: taked mechanical means to remove the numb strain top tip and branch on the 5th day in flax back of buddingging, reservation (is the technology length of straw from straw base portion to taper first bifurcation, about 65-80cm), should in time clear up the top tip cauline leaf of being wiped out after pinching, grow in case influence the normal growth of flax, should avoid the mechanical damage of numb strain in the process of pinching as far as possible, press down the bud agent pinching to use in back 24 hours, preferably use 30.2% bud enemy missible oil at that afternoon 16:00-18:00 of pinching, evenly spray with sprayer, application concentration is 40-50 times of liquid of former medicine dilution, and the diluent consumption is 650kg/hm 2, should directly over numb strain, down evenly spray during the spray medicine, spray at twice.
Topping sprout-inhibiting for the second time: because of the otherness of vine growth and development, the time of topping sprout-inhibiting finished pinching for the first time in back 5 days for the second time, flax for the second time topping sprout-inhibiting method and require identical with the first time.
Topping sprout-inhibiting for the third time: the field has the numb strain of 15%-20% not pinch need to carry out topping sprout-inhibiting for the third time behind the topping sprout-inhibiting for the second time, and the time of topping sprout-inhibiting finished pinching for the second time in back 5 days for the third time.The method of topping sprout-inhibiting is identical with the first time with requirement for the third time.
After measured, adopt flax of the inventive method cultivation, lodging rate reduces greatly, and former stem process yields significantly improves, and fiber quality makes moderate progress.
Embodiment 3
The one late growth stage topping sprout-inhibiting lodging-prevention cultivation method that grows flax, it comprises:
Topping sprout-inhibiting for the first time: taked mechanical means to remove the numb strain top tip and branch on the 10th day in flax back of buddingging, reservation (is the technology length of straw from straw base portion to taper first bifurcation, about 65-80cm), should in time clear up the top tip cauline leaf of being wiped out after pinching, grow in case influence the normal growth of flax, should avoid the mechanical damage of numb strain in the process of pinching as far as possible, press down the bud agent pinching to use in back 24 hours, preferably use 25% bud gram aqua at that afternoon 16:00-18:00 of pinching, evenly spray with sprayer, application concentration is 50-70 times of liquid of former medicine dilution, and the diluent consumption is 750kg/hm 2, should directly over numb strain, down evenly spray during the spray medicine, once sprayed.
Topping sprout-inhibiting for the second time: because of the otherness of vine growth and development, the time of topping sprout-inhibiting was finished (because of postponing 1 day rainy day) in back 8 days pinching for the first time for the second time, flax for the second time topping sprout-inhibiting method and require identical with the first time.
Because the field numb strain less than 15% of not pinching behind the topping sprout-inhibiting for the second time is so need not to carry out topping sprout-inhibiting for the third time.
After measured, adopt flax of the inventive method cultivation, lodging rate reduces greatly, and former stem process yields significantly improves, and fiber quality and conventional cultivation are suitable.
Embodiment 4
The one late growth stage topping sprout-inhibiting lodging-prevention cultivation method that grows flax, it comprises:
Topping sprout-inhibiting for the first time: taked mechanical means to remove the numb strain top tip and branch on the 15th day in flax back of buddingging, reservation (is the technology length of straw from straw base portion to taper first bifurcation, about 65-80cm), should in time clear up the top tip cauline leaf of being wiped out after pinching, grow in case influence the normal growth of flax, should avoid the mechanical damage of numb strain in the process of pinching as far as possible, press down the bud agent pinching to use in back 24 hours, preferably use 33% and remove the logical missible oil of bud at that afternoon 16:00-18:00 of pinching, evenly spray with sprayer, application concentration is 80-100 times of liquid of former medicine dilution, and the diluent consumption is 650kg/hm 2, should directly over numb strain, down evenly spray during the spray medicine, once sprayed.
Topping sprout-inhibiting for the second time: because of the otherness of vine growth and development, the time of topping sprout-inhibiting was finished (because of postponing 2 days rainy day) in back 9 days pinching for the first time for the second time, flax for the second time topping sprout-inhibiting method and require identical with the first time.
Because the field numb strain less than 15% of not pinching behind the topping sprout-inhibiting for the second time is so need not to carry out topping sprout-inhibiting for the third time.
After measured, adopt flax of the inventive method cultivation, lodging rate reduces greatly, and former stem process yields significantly improves, and fiber quality and conventional cultivation are suitable.

Claims (5)

1. the late growth stage topping sprout-inhibiting lodging-prevention cultivation method that grows flax, it is characterized in that removing numb strain taper and branch thereof in the method that flax late growth stage takes machinery to pinch, keep stem and blade thereof in the numb strain technology length, spray for 1-2 time but the bud agent suppresses numb strain sprouting of lateral bud the 16:00-18:00 time-division in the afternoon on the same day of pinching in; The time of pinching carried out in the early flowering season for the first time, the time of pinching for the second time carried out in its back of pinching for the first time in 5-9 days, pinch for the second time and need pinch for the third time when back as field have numb strain 15% or more not pinch, pinching for the third time pinched in the second time afterwards carried out in 5-9 days.
2. flax late growth stage topping sprout-inhibiting lodging-prevention cultivation method according to claim 1 is characterized in that pressing down the bud agent is 25% maleic Min missible oil, or 30.2% bud opposes missible oil, 25% bud gram aqua, 33% removes the logical missible oil of bud.
3. flax late growth stage topping sprout-inhibiting lodging-prevention cultivation method according to claim 2, it is characterized in that the diluted concentration that presses down the bud agent is: the former medicine dilution of 25% maleic Min missible oil 350-400 doubly, the former medicine dilution of 30.2% bud enemy missible oil 40-50 doubly, the former medicine dilution of 25% bud gram aqua 50-70 doubly, 33% remove the former medicine dilution of the logical missible oil of bud 80-100 doubly, the diluent consumption that presses down the bud agent is 650-750kg/hm 2
4. flax late growth stage topping sprout-inhibiting lodging-prevention cultivation method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that spraying when pressing down the bud agent and should down evenly spray directly over numb strain.
5. flax late growth stage topping sprout-inhibiting lodging-prevention cultivation method according to claim 3 is characterized in that spraying when pressing down the bud agent and should down evenly spray directly over numb strain.
CN2009100427186A 2009-02-24 2009-02-24 Topping-off budding-inhibition lodging-prevention flax cultivation method at late growth stage Expired - Fee Related CN101491189B (en)

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