CN115363054A - A pesticide prepared from Ampelopsis Isofoliata extract for treating thrips - Google Patents

A pesticide prepared from Ampelopsis Isofoliata extract for treating thrips Download PDF

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CN115363054A
CN115363054A CN202211207392.XA CN202211207392A CN115363054A CN 115363054 A CN115363054 A CN 115363054A CN 202211207392 A CN202211207392 A CN 202211207392A CN 115363054 A CN115363054 A CN 115363054A
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thrips
ampelopsis
extract
insecticide
heterophylla
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CN115363054B (en
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常大勇
孙明明
廖俊彦
贾朝佩
丁玮琳
王琳
宋兆福
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Hainan Changhai Biotechnology Co ltd
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Yantai Kaiduo Marine Organism Research Institute Co ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P7/00—Arthropodicides
    • A01P7/04—Insecticides
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

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Abstract

The invention discloses a thrips insecticide prepared from a Ampelopsis brevipedunculata extract, belonging to the field of agricultural application of plant extracts and being characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 1-10% of ampelopsis heterophylla extract, 3-15% of dispersant, 1-10% of antioxidant and 50-90% of sterile water. The product creatively uses the ampelopsis heterophylla extract in preparing the thrips insecticide, creates a new application way of the ampelopsis heterophylla, and can effectively reduce the drug resistance of the thrips. The prepared pesticide has obvious effect on preventing and controlling thrips, has strong pertinence, and is environment-friendly, nontoxic and residue-free. Provides a green and environment-friendly biological source preparation capable of replacing pesticides for controlling thrips.

Description

A pesticide prepared from Ampelopsis Isofoliata extract for treating thrips
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of development and application of plant active ingredients and agricultural pesticides, and particularly relates to a thrips pesticide prepared from a Ampelopsis brevipedunculata extract.
Background
The insects of the Thysanoptera of the thrips genus are high-incidence insect pest species in fields in recent years, and the species of the thrips inhabiting crops and vegetables in China are as many as 44. Thrips is hidden, rapid in propagation, strong in drug resistance, difficult to find and easy to cause disasters due to tiny individuals, and the harm is often ignored by people at the initial stage and is often paid attention to people after being seriously harmed. Not only the normal growth and development of vegetable plants are seriously influenced, but also the improvement of the edible quality of the vegetables is influenced, so that the market value of the vegetables is greatly reduced, and huge economic loss is directly or indirectly caused to agricultural production every year.
At present, a widely applied method for preventing and treating thrips is chemical agent prevention and treatment, and only a few attempts are made on biological pesticides and agricultural measure prevention and treatment methods, and an application trend is not formed. However, long-term application of chemical pesticide control not only can hardly achieve the purpose of efficient control, but also can cause pesticide residue to exceed standard, ecological imbalance and remarkable enhancement of drug resistance of thrips. Therefore, it is very important to find a safe and efficient way for continuously preventing and treating thrips.
Ampelopsis heterophylla (Ampelopsis glandulosa var. Thunberg) Momiyama, also called Ampelopsis brevipedunculata and wild grape, is used for promoting blood circulation, removing blood stasis, diminishing inflammation, removing toxicity, promoting tissue regeneration, growing bones and the like, and is one of resource plants for the Ampelopsis grossedentata root in Hubei Macheng region.
There are about 30 species of ampelopsis plants in Vitaceae, and there are 17 species in China, which are widely distributed in the southwest, south China and northeast. Since the 70 s in the 20 th century, scholars at home and abroad have made a great deal of research on various medicinal plants of ampelopsis in the aspects of plant taxonomy, biological pharmacy, chemical components, clinical application and pharmacological action. However, the studies on the ampelopsis heterophylla are few, and the studies on the insect resistance of the ampelopsis heterophylla are not reported so far. The invention extracts the beneficial substances in the ampelopsis heterophylla to prepare the biological preparation with the effect of killing the thrips, and has important significance for replacing chemical pesticides, reducing environmental pollution, reducing production cost, increasing the value of agricultural products, improving income of farmers and assisting the development strategy of village revival.
The invention discloses a traditional Chinese medicine feed formula for preventing and treating poultry parasitosis (patent application No. 201510949065.5), which discloses a traditional Chinese medicine feed formula for preventing and treating poultry coccidiosis by adding ampelopsis root. Wherein the root of Ampelopsis grossedentata is not the same species as Ampelopsis grossedentata of the present invention. The extraction mode and the process steps of the ampelopsis grossedentata in the invention are obviously different from those of the invention. The application range of the invention is the prevention and treatment of poultry parasitosis, and the invention has obvious difference with the prevention and treatment of thrips.
The thrips insecticide prepared from the ampelopsis isolobata extract has the beneficial effect of efficiently killing thrips, can effectively replace chemical pesticides, and reduces the drug resistance of thrips. Is an application innovation of the ampelopsis heterophylla extract, and also provides a new environment-friendly preparation for preventing and treating thrips pests.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to design a thrips insecticide prepared from a Ampelopsis brevipedunculata extract, and is characterized in that the Ampelopsis brevipedunculata is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, the application safety is high, and the extraction process is simple. The prepared pesticide has a high-efficiency killing effect on thrips, is safe and environment-friendly to agricultural products when used, can effectively replace chemical pesticides, and reduces the drug resistance of thrips. Not only is an innovative application of the Ampelopsis brevipedunculata extract, but also provides a new environment-friendly preparation for biological control of thrips pests.
The specific technical scheme comprises the following steps:
1): crushing dry ampelopsis grossedentata roots, sieving the crushed ampelopsis grossedentata roots by a sieve of 20 to 40 meshes, and removing impurities such as crude fibers to obtain ampelopsis grossedentata powder;
2): weighing 100g of ampelopsis grossedentata powder, adding 1000mL of 95% ethanol, and fully mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
3): carrying out ultrasonic extraction on the mixed solution by using an ultrasonic oscillator with the power of 300-450W, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 15-20 kHz, the temperature is 25-65 ℃, the time is 20-60 min, and carrying out vacuum filtration by using a filter membrane with the aperture of 0.22 mu m to obtain a filtrate 1 and a filter residue 1;
4): adding 1000mL of 95% ethanol into the filter residue 1, uniformly mixing, and treating the mixture in the same way as the step 3) to obtain a filtrate 2 and a filter residue 2;
5): mixing the filtrate 1 and 2, and concentrating under reduced pressure of-0.1 MPa at 60 deg.C for 20-40 min to obtain Ampelopsis brevipedunculata extract;
6): taking 1-10 parts of ampelopsis isolobata extract, 3-15 parts of dispersant, 1-10 parts of antioxidant and 50-90 parts of sterile water, and uniformly mixing to prepare the thrips insecticide.
The dispersing agent in the step 6) is polyethylene glycol 200 or 400, the molecular weight is 190-420, and the antioxidant is vitamin C, astaxanthin or beta-carotene.
The thrips insecticide prepared from the Ampelopsis heterophylla extract is a preparation formula with the best effect, which is finally determined through continuous optimization and verification and has remarkable innovation and creativity in order to enhance the prevention and treatment effect and increase the persistence of the effect and simultaneously perform multi-factor and multi-gradient comparison tests on the basis of fully verifying the effectiveness of the Ampelopsis heterophylla extract on thrips prevention and treatment.
Compared with the prior thrips insecticide, the invention has the advantages related to plant extracts: the fertilizer is biological in source, environment-friendly, free of residue and pollution, and can not cause adverse effects on the quality of crops and agricultural products when being directly applied to leaf surfaces and fruit surfaces; the material is from plants and is not limited by chemical raw materials; the preparation process is simple, and three wastes are not generated in the preparation process; the extraction medium is recycled, and the production cost is low; the preparation has wide effect and good control effect on various thrips; the action mechanism is diversified, and the pests are not easy to generate drug resistance.
The invention has the innovation points that the ampelopsis heterophylla extract is innovatively applied to the field of desinsection, the thrips insecticide is prepared by taking the ampelopsis heterophylla extract as a main effective component, and the effect of the thrips insecticide prepared by the ampelopsis heterophylla extract on killing thrips is further verified, so that the invention is an innovation for the application range of the ampelopsis heterophylla extract and an innovation for a control method of thrips insect damage.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the ampelopsis heterophylla extract is applied to the field of desinsection, and the prepared thrips insecticide has good control effect on various thrips insect pests. A new application approach is created for the ampelopsis heterophylla, and a new biological source preparation is provided for the effective prevention and control of thrips insect pests.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 shows the experimental data of spraying cotton pest thrips tabaci with the thrips pesticide prepared by the invention, calculating the pesticidal effect by the mortality rate, and verifying the pesticidal effect within 5 days after spraying.
FIG. 2 shows the thrips pesticide prepared by the invention is sprayed to tobacco pest thrips rice test data, the insecticidal effect is calculated by the mortality, and the insecticidal effect is verified within 5 days after spraying.
FIG. 3 shows the experimental data of the thrips insecticide prepared by the invention, which is sprayed to the ginger pest, namely thrips flavipes, the insecticidal effect is calculated by the mortality rate, and the insecticidal effect is verified within 5 days after spraying.
Detailed Description
The principles and features of this invention are described below in conjunction with examples, which are included to illustrate the invention and not to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The invention provides a thrips insecticide prepared from an isolobar ampelopsis extract, which comprises the following preparation steps:
1): pulverizing dried Ampelopsis Megalophylla root, sieving with 20 mesh sieve, and removing impurities such as crude fiber to obtain Ampelopsis Megalophylla powder;
2): weighing 100g of ampelopsis grossedentata powder, adding 1000mL of 95% ethanol, and fully mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
3): performing ultrasonic extraction on the mixed solution by using an ultrasonic oscillator with power of 450W, performing vacuum filtration through a filter membrane with aperture of 0.22 mu m at ultrasonic frequency of 20kHz and temperature of 65 ℃ for 60min to obtain filtrate 1 and filter residue 1;
4): adding 1000mL of 95% ethanol into the filter residue 1, uniformly mixing, and treating the mixture in the same way as the step 3) to obtain a filtrate 2 and a filter residue 2;
5): mixing filtrates 1 and 2, and concentrating under reduced pressure of-0.1 MPa at 60 deg.C for 40min to obtain Ampelopsis brevipedunculata extract;
6): uniformly mixing 5 parts of ampelopsis isolobata extract, 6 parts of dispersing agent, 5 parts of antioxidant and 84 parts of sterile water to prepare the thrips insecticide.
Example 2
The invention provides a thrips insecticide prepared from an isolobar ampelopsis extract, which comprises the following preparation steps:
1): pulverizing dried Ampelopsis brevipedunculata root, sieving with 40 mesh sieve, and removing impurities such as crude fiber to obtain Ampelopsis brevipedunculata powder;
2): weighing 100g of ampelopsis grossedentata powder, adding 1000mL of 95% ethanol, and fully mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
3): performing ultrasonic extraction on the mixed solution by using an ultrasonic oscillator with power of 450W, performing vacuum filtration through a filter membrane with aperture of 0.22 mu m at ultrasonic frequency of 15kHz and temperature of 45 ℃ for 30min to obtain filtrate 1 and filter residue 1;
4): adding 1000mL of 95% ethanol into the filter residue 1, uniformly mixing, and treating the mixture in the same way as the step 3) to obtain a filtrate 2 and a filter residue 2;
5): mixing filtrates 1 and 2, and concentrating under reduced pressure of-0.1 MPa at 60 deg.C for 30min to obtain Ampelopsis brevipedunculata extract;
6): taking 3 parts of ampelopsis isolobata extract, 8 parts of dispersing agent, 5 parts of antioxidant and 84 parts of sterile water, and uniformly mixing to prepare the thrips insecticide.
Comparative example
Referring to the invention patent of 'a traditional Chinese medicine feed formula for preventing and treating poultry parasitic diseases' (patent application number: 201510949065.5), a ampelopsis japonica root paste extract is prepared, and is mixed with other components in example 1 according to a certain proportion to prepare a mixture.
Test 1
In the middle 6 th month of 2022, the thirteenth college of Xinjiang construction, hongxing two cotton fields suffered from thrips pests, and the pest body was identified as thrips tabaci. Selecting 90 adult thrips tabaci to carry out insecticidal test, wherein 30 adult thrips tabaci are placed in a networking box of the example 1, and spraying 1000 times diluted insecticide of the example 1; 30 insecticides in the comparative example group which are diluted by 1000 times are sprayed and sprayed on the net cages in the comparative example group; 30 of the plants were placed in a negative control group net cage, and the same amount of sterile water was sprayed. And respectively observing and counting the insect bodies 0-5 days after spraying, and calculating the insecticidal effect by using the lethality rate.
Figure BDA0003873346630000061
The statistical data are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 pesticide spraying cotton pest thrips tabaci test data
Figure BDA0003873346630000062
Analysis and statistics data show that the killing rate of the thrips tabaci reaches 85.71 percent after the insecticide of the example 1 is sprayed for 5 days in the example 1 group, and the killing rate of the thrips tabaci is only 10.71 percent after the insecticide of the comparative example group is sprayed for 5 days, which indicates that the pesticide has a high killing effect on the thrips tabaci.
Test 2
In 5 last month ten year 2022, 180 adult rice thrips collected in flue-cured tobacco plantation in Yuwei workshop Lingzhou, yangthou mountain jujube village, county, were subjected to insecticidal test and averagely divided into 3 groups: 60 of the insecticide in the group of the embodiment 2 are placed in the net cage in the group of the embodiment 2, and the insecticide in the group of the embodiment 2 is sprayed and diluted by 1000 times; 60 insecticides of the comparative example group which are diluted by 1000 times are sprayed and sprayed on the net cages of the comparative example group; 60 of the plants were placed in a negative control group net cage, and the same amount of sterile water was sprayed. And respectively observing and counting the insect bodies 0-5 days after spraying, and calculating the insecticidal effect by using the lethality rate.
Figure BDA0003873346630000063
The statistical data are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 pesticide spraying tobacco pest thrips oryzae test data
Figure BDA0003873346630000071
Analysis and statistics data show that the mortality rate of the thrips oryzae reaches 78.95% after the pesticide of the example 2 is sprayed for 5 days in the example 2 group, and the mortality rate of the thrips tabaci is only 10.53% after the pesticide of the comparative example group is sprayed for 5 days, which shows that the pesticide composition has a high killing effect on the thrips oryzae.
Test 3
In 7 th month, middle ten days in 2022, collecting the yellow thistle which erupts in the east head, tiger, valley and ginger planting field of Yiyi city Yishui county institute, selecting 120 adult yellow thistle from the yellow thistle to perform insecticidal test, wherein the average group is 3: the first group is 40 experimental groups, and the pesticide of the example 1 is sprayed and diluted by 1000 times; the second group is 40 comparative examples, and 1000 times diluted comparative example insecticide is sprayed; the third group is a negative control group of 40, and the same amount of sterile water is sprayed. And respectively observing and counting the insect bodies 0-5 days after spraying, and calculating the insecticidal effect according to the lethality.
Figure BDA0003873346630000072
The statistical data are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 pesticide spraying ginger pest thrips tabaci test data
Figure BDA0003873346630000073
Analysis statistics data show that the mortality rate of the thrips reaches 69.23% after the pesticide of the example 1 is sprayed for 5 days in the example 1 group, and the mortality rate of the thrips is only 15.38% after the pesticide of the comparative example group is sprayed for 5 days, which indicates that the pesticide has a higher killing effect on the thrips.
The previous description of the disclosed examples is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the present invention. Various modifications to these examples will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A thrips insecticide prepared from an isoloba ampelopsis extract is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight: 1-10% of ampelopsis heterophylla extract, 3-15% of dispersant, 1-10% of antioxidant and 50-90% of sterile water.
2. The thrips insecticide prepared from the ampelopsis heterophylla extract according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the ampelopsis heterophylla extract comprises the following steps:
step 1): crushing dry ampelopsis grossedentata roots, sieving the crushed ampelopsis grossedentata roots by a sieve of 20 to 40 meshes, and removing impurities such as crude fibers to obtain ampelopsis grossedentata powder;
step 2): weighing 100g of ampelopsis heterophylla powder, adding 1000mL of 95% ethanol, and fully mixing to obtain a mixed solution;
step 3): carrying out ultrasonic extraction on the mixed solution by using an ultrasonic oscillator with the power of 300-450W, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 15-20 kHz, the temperature is 25-65 ℃, the time is 20-60 min, and carrying out vacuum filtration by using a filter membrane with the aperture of 0.22 mu m to obtain filtrate 1 and filter residue 1;
step 4): adding 1000mL of 95% ethanol into the filter residue 1, uniformly mixing, and treating the mixture in the same way as the step 3) to obtain a filtrate 2 and a filter residue 2;
step 5): mixing the filtrate 1 and 2, and concentrating under reduced pressure of-0.1 MPa at 60 deg.C for 20-40 min to obtain Ampelopsis brevipedunculata extract.
3. The thrips insecticide prepared from the ampelopsis isolobata extract as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dispersant is polyethylene glycol 200 or 400, and the molecular weight is 190-420.
4. A thrips insecticide prepared from Ampelopsis Isofoliata extract according to claim 1, wherein said antioxidant is vitamin C, astaxanthin, or β -carotene.
5. Use of a thrips insecticide prepared from a Ampelopsis Isolobata extract according to any one of claims 1-4 for the prevention and treatment of thrips citrulli, thrips tabaci, thrips oryzae, thrips cichorii, and thrips zingiberis.
6. A thrips insecticide prepared from a Ampelopsis brevipedunculata extract as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4 can be used in combination with other thrips insecticides to enhance insecticidal effect and reduce drug resistance of thrips to the insecticide.
7. The use according to claims 5-6, characterized in that it is used for the control of watermelon, wax gourd, balsam pear, eggplant, tomato, onion, garlic, cotton, rice, corn, tobacco, melon thrips on ginger, spring onion thrips, rice thrips, frankliniella occidentalis, yellow thistle.
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JP2008137940A (en) * 2006-12-01 2008-06-19 Taiyo Corp Thrips controlling agent
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CN107637349A (en) * 2017-09-25 2018-01-30 广西壮族自治区农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所 A kind of method of prevention and control grape thrips
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CN107637349A (en) * 2017-09-25 2018-01-30 广西壮族自治区农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所 A kind of method of prevention and control grape thrips
CN107821448A (en) * 2017-11-09 2018-03-23 成都艾比科生物科技有限公司 A kind of pharmaceutical composition for killing thrips
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