CN114893503A - 用于轮毂/车轮组件的密封装置和具有该密封装置的组件 - Google Patents
用于轮毂/车轮组件的密封装置和具有该密封装置的组件 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种密封装置(1),用于轮毂/车轮组件(2),轮毂/车轮组件具有滚动轴承(3),密封装置包括:保护件(6),其由塑料制成,联接到轴承的外圈(4)以使得密封轴承,并且保护件具有圆柱形安装壁(61),圆柱形安装壁具有外侧向表面(61b),该外侧向表面联接到外圈的轴环(41)的内侧向表面(44);和卡扣接合齿部(66),用于与沿着外侧向表面(61b)形成的轴环接合,使得其卡扣配合在绕着轴线沿着轴环形成的波状环形槽(45)中;环形垫圈(9),其由热塑性弹性体制成,共注射成型在夹紧座(10)内,夹紧座形成在圆柱形安装壁的与卡扣接合齿部相同的一侧,大致位于在圆柱形安装壁与环形读取壁(63)之间限定出的拐角(11)处。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于轮毂/车轮组件的密封装置。本发明还涉及一种具有这种密封装置的轴承/轮毂组件。
本发明能够特别(尽管不唯一地)适用于(具有用于非驱动(车)轮的滚动轴承的)机动车辆用的轮毂/车轮组件的领域。在该应用中,轴承的内圈刚性地固定于车轮的轴,并向车轮的轴传递随之而来的转动运动,而轴承的外圈刚性地固定于固定的轮毂,例如机动车辆悬架的轮毂。下文将以示例的方式涉及该特定用途,尽管它仍然普遍适用。
背景技术
由于本发明在这种情况下应用于非驱动轮(因此其不具有沿着轴承的轴线的贯穿轴),因此相关的密封装置具有轴对称的“杯”形,使得它们侧向地封闭(close off)轴承的外圈并产生静态密封以保护轴承免受任何环境污染(水、灰尘、污垢等)。
在它们最一般的形式中,密封装置包括几乎为杯形的塑料保护件,其通过干涉压配(press-fitting with interference)安装在滚动轴承的外圈的轴环上,并且它们尤其包括:
-圆柱形安装壁,与轴承的对称轴线同轴,其通过所述压配与轴承的外圈的轴环联接;
-环形读取壁,与所述对称轴线相横向并介于安装在轴承外部的检测传感器与安装在轴承内部的音轮之间;和
-盘状端壁,其位于环形读取壁内侧并与对称轴线相横向地面对轴承的内圈。
尽管在较早的实施方式中,密封装置被设计成仅通过与轴承干涉联接来执行其功能,但是在一些当前的实施方式中,诸如在JP2009216208A中描述的那样,密封装置具有环形锁定齿部,其刚性地固定于圆柱(形)壁并可以卡扣配合在轴承的外圈的轴环中,以使保护件轴向固定于外圈,并且它们还设置有围绕圆柱(形)壁分布的粘合材料,以随后使保护件相对于(against)轴承的外圈的轴环密封。
然而,从环境的观点来看,使用这种粘合剂材料并不是特别好,而且在密封装置的组装期间需要相当多的预防措施,这对生产时间不利。
发明内容
本发明的目的是产生(/提供)一种没有上述缺点的用于轮毂/车轮组件的密封装置。
根据本发明描述了一种用于轮毂/车轮组件的密封装置(其中所述轮毂/车轮组件具有滚动轴承),其具有在所附独立技术方案中限定的特征。
作为优选的和/或特别有利的本发明的另外的实施方式被根据所附从属技术方案中阐述的特征描述。
附图说明
现将参照附图来描述本发明,附图示出了本发明的一些非限制性实施方式,在附图中:
-图1是根据本发明的用于轮毂/车轮组件的密封装置的优选实施方式的视图(其一部分为截面图、一部分为清楚起见而被移除);
-图2是图1的密封装置的细节的放大比例的截面图;以及
-图3是图1的密封装置的细节的可选择的实施方式的放大比例的截面图。
具体实施方式
参照图1,用于轮毂/车轮组件2的密封装置用总体附图标记1示出。
组件2具有滚动轴承3,滚动轴承3包括:外圈4,其与所述轴承3的转动轴线A同轴;内圈5,其与外圈4同轴;和多个滚子元件8,例如球,其介于外圈4与内圈5之间,以允许转动使用的(/在使用时转动的)内圈5相对于固定使用的(/在使用时固定的)外圈4转动。轴承3的外圈4具有轴环(/颈环)(collar)41,轴环41由圆柱(形)外侧向表面42、环形端表面43和圆柱(形)内侧向表面44限定。对于内圈5,内圈5具有音轮(phonic wheel)51,音轮51刚性地固定于内圈5,并具有:安装支撑件52,其优选由弯成L形的板限定;和铁磁材料的环53,其紧固于支撑件52。
根据本发明,密封装置1具有作为中心轴线的轴线A并且包括保护件(guard)6,保护件6联接到轴承3的外圈4,具有大致杯(cup)的形状,并由塑料制成,优选采用玻璃纤维增强的PA66或PPA,以提供必要的机械强度和尺寸稳定性。
还如图2所示,保护件6包括:
-圆柱(形)安装壁61,与轴线A同轴,其联接到轴承3的外圈4的轴环41,并具有内侧向表面61a和外侧向表面61b;
-环形读取壁(annular reading wall)63,与对称轴线A相横向,连接到圆柱(形)壁61并介于安装在轴承3外部的检测传感器(未示出)与安装在轴承3内部的音轮51之间;和
-盘状端壁(discoidal end wall)64,其位于环形读取壁63的内侧并且其与轴线A相横向地面对轴承3的内圈5。
保护件6还包括:截头锥(形)壁65,用于使环形壁63连接到端壁64,其锥度在远离轴承3的一侧渐缩;和锯齿形齿部(saw-tooth tooth)66,其大致在圆柱形安装壁61的在轴向上位于远离环形读取壁63的一侧的自由端67处沿着圆柱形安装壁61形成。在优选的实施方式中,齿部66是沿周向连续的,呈环形脊的形式,并且可以通过卡扣配合(snap-fitting)与绕着轴线A沿着轴环41形成的凹部45或波状的(contoured)环形槽相互作用。作为另一种选择,齿部66可以被形成为是沿周向离散的,例如,形成为多个凸起(bumps),这些凸起通过周向开口或周向窗口而彼此在角度上(/成角度地)分离开。
在附图所示的优选实施方式中,齿部66形成在圆柱形安装壁61的外侧向表面61b上,并从外侧向表面61b径向向外延伸,同时相应地,凹部45形成在轴环41的圆柱形内侧向表面44中。当保护件6被压配到轴环41中时,在压配方向D上,齿部66沿着内侧向表面44滑动并与内侧向表面44接触,直到齿部66到达凹部45为止,然后卡扣配合到凹部45内,(至少在移除方向上)使保护件6轴向接合在轴环41内。为了防止保护件6在轴环41中轴向压配得太远,即使在齿部66卡扣配合在凹部45中之后,凹部45也具有轴向止挡端壁46,在可适用的情况下,圆柱形安装壁61的端部67可以接触抵靠该轴向止挡端壁46,从而防止了环形读取壁63与音轮51之间的任何接触。在任何情况下,为了防止环形读取壁63与音轮51之间的任何类型的潜在接触,圆柱形安装壁61的端部67与轴环41中的凹部的轴向止挡端壁46之间的轴向距离小于环形读取壁63与所述音轮51之间的轴向距离。
齿部66基本上(substantially)自由地沿着内侧向表面44滑动(如果只因为克服由所述齿部66与所述内侧向表面44之间的接触而产生的摩擦的需要的话),在如下可选择的情况下:齿部66(沿着所述齿部66的周长)被形成为周向离散的,或具有中断(部),或具有断开(部),或具有窗口,所述摩擦可以减少。在齿部66的该后一可选择的实施方式中(其未示出但可以从所描述的内容清楚地推断出),在组装期间摩擦的减小还可以允许保护件6由更刚性的塑料制成,或者可以允许保护件6被设计有更厚的圆柱形安装壁61、甚至可能是盘状端壁64和/或截头锥(形)连接壁65,以使所述保护件6更加刚性(rigid)。
最后,为了确保保护件6一旦安装在轴环41上就是不漏的(/紧密的)(leaktight),或者为了确保轴承3相对于(from)外部密封(/封闭)并防止外部污染物(水、污垢、灰尘等)进入所述轴承3,图1和图2所示的密封装置1还包括环形垫圈(gasket)9和环形夹紧座(gripping seat)10,环形垫圈9布置在环形夹紧座10内,环形夹紧座10形成在圆柱形安装壁61中的与齿部66相同的一侧,从由环形读取壁63和由圆柱形安装壁61限定出的拐角(/角部)11开始。夹紧座10在径向内侧由环形表面12限定,环形表面12在径向上比外侧向表面61b低并且在轴向上朝向齿部66由从环形表面12径向向外延伸的弯曲表面13限定,正因如此(弯曲表面13)在环形边缘14处拦截外侧向表面61b。
垫圈9由诸如TPE、TPS、TPV等的热塑性弹性体制成,并在夹紧座10内共注射成型:保护件6的塑料和垫圈9的热塑性弹性体彼此化学地(/以化学的方式)粘附,由此允许垫圈9在任何使用或组装条件(/状况)下在夹紧座10中保持夹紧。
在图2所示的密封装置1的优选实施方式中,环形垫圈9形成圆形突起(roundedprotuberance)9b,圆形突起9b相对于外侧向表面61b略微突出,在边缘14处与所述侧向表面61b大致齐平,同时其(/圆形突起9b)朝向拐角11(逐渐)渐缩,其径向厚度减小,直到其(/圆形突起9b)与所述拐角11形成连续表面为止。优选但不是必须地,圆形突起9b在不突出超过齿部66的情况下从外侧向表面61b径向向外延伸。
当保护件6压配到轴环41中时,沿着内侧向表面44滑动的齿部66引起圆柱形安装壁61径向向内屈曲(flexion),从而减小了(如果不是完全防止的话)垫圈9与(刚才的)内侧向表面44的摩擦(rubbing),大致直到齿部66被卡扣配合在凹部45内为止,从而保持了(preserving)所述垫圈9的密封特性。
限定夹紧座10的轴向深度和垫圈9的尺寸的、齿部66的距边缘14的轴向距离L被确定为制成保护件6的塑料(或其刚度和/或柔韧性)的函数,或者被确定为齿部66的径向高度的函数,或者还被确定为所述垫圈9的径向尺寸的函数:实际上,在保护件6压配于轴环41期间,由于外侧向表面61b远离圆柱形内侧向表面44弹性地移动,因此垫圈9不应以任何方式被卡住(caught),而是应当能够在两个侧向表面61b与44之间自由滑动。
一旦齿部66卡扣配合在凹部45内,圆柱形安装壁61就返回到其未变形的构造,在圆柱形安装壁61与轴环41之间径向地压缩垫圈9,从而确保了密封装置1的必要的不漏的密封。
图3示出了环形垫圈9’,其基本上类似于上述环形垫圈9,环形垫圈9’与上述环形垫圈9的不同之处在于,代替相对于外侧向表面61b具有略微突出的一个圆形突起9b的是,环形垫圈9’具有两个大致圆形的环形突起9c和9d,这两个环形突起9c和9d绕着轴线A彼此平行地布置,使得在它们之间限定出中空部9e,其中突起9c大致布置在边缘14处,而突起9d大致布置在拐角11处,突起9d与拐角11结合直到(joins up to)与所述拐角11形成连续表面(为止)。
同样在环形垫圈9’的这个可选择的实施方式中,突起9c和9d相对于外侧向表面61b略微径向突出,优选但不是必须地,突起9c和9d在不径向突出超过齿部66的情况下从外侧向表面61b径向向外延伸。再次,由于在压配期间由齿部66引起的弹性变形,因此在保护件6的组装期间至少突起9c不会被卡住(caught),并能够在两个侧向表面61b与44之间大致自由地滑动。一旦齿部66卡扣配合在凹部45内,圆柱形安装壁61就返回其未变形的构造,在圆柱形安装壁61与轴环41之间径向地压缩垫圈9,从而确保了密封装置1的必要的不漏的密封。中空部9e还具有在以下情况下减小摩擦的目的:在保护件6组装于轴环41期间,垫圈9应与所述轴环41的表面44进行接触,尤其是在突起9d处(是这样),突起9d是这样的突起:在轴向上离齿部66最远,并且受由齿部66引起的圆柱形安装壁61的弹性变形的影响较小。
与具有单个突起9b的环形垫圈9不同,环形垫圈9’可以沿着圆柱形安装壁61进一步沿轴向延伸,从而能够利用(如上所述的用作所述突起9c与9d之间的空间的)中空部9e的优点来在两个突起9c和9d上分配密封能力。
在优选的实施方式中,上述密封装置1在进行生产保护件6时具有不可否认的优点(保护件6可以完全以单个成型操作制成),以及在其与轴承3进行组装时具有不可否认的优点,这是因为保护件6可以在无需任何其它操作的情况下被提供到(presented to)轴承3和安装在轴承3上。首要的是,形成夹紧座10并将垫圈9用的材料注射在夹紧座10中的事实有助于保持对密封装置1的所有几何尺寸的控制,从而在密封性能和稳定性方面具有很大的优势。此外,组合地,所述夹紧座10和相关的垫圈9位于与齿部66相同的一侧的事实使得能够在将保护件6安装在轴承3上时避免对垫圈9的任何损坏。
根据本发明,借助于密封装置1,得到了如上所述的轮毂/车轮组件2,其中保护件6包括:
-圆柱形安装壁61,与轴线A同轴,其联接到轴承3的外圈4的轴环41,并具有内侧向表面61a和外侧向表面61b;
-锯齿(形)齿部66,其沿着所述圆柱形安装壁61形成,和
-环形垫圈9,其布置在对应的环形夹紧座10内,夹紧座10形成在圆柱形安装壁61中的与齿部66相同的一侧,从由环形读取壁63和由圆柱形安装壁61限定出的拐角11开始。
在上述轮毂/车轮组件2中,在保护件6中,优选与上述特征组合,锯齿(形)齿部66和环形垫圈9可以在径向上布置在圆柱形安装壁61的外侧,使得分别与形成在轴环41内侧的凹部45和所述轴环41的圆柱形内侧向表面44相互作用。
除了如上所述的本发明的实施方式之外,应当理解的是存在有许多其它的变型。还应当理解的是,所述实施方式仅仅是示例性的,并且不限制本发明的范围、应用或可能的构造。相反,尽管以上说明能够使本领域技术人员以至少一个示例性构造应用本发明,但是应当理解,可以设计出所描述的组成部件的许多变型,而不脱离如所附权利要求中限定的本发明的范围、字面解释和/或根据其法律等同物。
Claims (7)
1.一种密封装置(1),用于轮毂/车轮组件(2),所述轮毂/车轮组件(2)具有滚动轴承(3),所述密封装置(1)具有中心轴线(A),并且包括:
-保护件(6),其联接到所述轴承(3)的外圈(4)以使得密封所述轴承(3),并且所述保护件(6)具有圆柱形安装壁(61),所述圆柱形安装壁(61)具有外侧向表面(61b),该外侧向表面(61b)联接到所述外圈(4)的轴环(41)的内侧向表面(44);和
-卡扣接合齿部(66),用于使所述保护件(6)与沿着所述外侧向表面(61b)形成的轴环(41)接合,使得其卡扣配合在所述内侧向表面(44)中的绕着轴线(A)沿着所述轴环(41)形成的波状环形槽(45)中;
所述密封装置(1)的特征在于,还包括环形垫圈(9)(9’),其由热塑性弹性体制成并布置在夹紧座(10)内,所述夹紧座(10)形成在所述圆柱形安装壁(61)的与所述卡扣接合齿部(66)相同的一侧,大致位于在所述圆柱形安装壁(61)与跟所述圆柱形安装壁(61)相横向的环形读取壁(63)之间限定出的拐角(11)处;所述环形垫圈(9)(9’)共注射成型在所述夹紧座(10)内并化学地粘附于制成所述保护件(6)的塑料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的密封装置,其特征在于,所述夹紧座(10)形成在所述圆柱形安装壁(61)中,从所述保护件的拐角(11)开始,并且在轴向上朝向所述卡扣接合齿部(66)由弯曲表面(13)限定,所述弯曲表面(13)被布置成相对于所述卡扣接合齿部(66)被确定出有轴向距离(L),以允许所述圆柱形安装壁(61)相对于所述轴环(41)径向变形,以使得使所述环形垫圈(9)(9’)远离所述轴环(41)移动,直到所述卡扣接合齿部(66)卡扣配合在所述波状环形槽中(45)为止。
3.根据权利要求2所述的密封装置,其特征在于,所述波状环形槽(45)具有轴向止挡元件(46),所述轴向止挡元件(46)能够在适用的情况下与所述圆柱形安装壁(61)的端部(67)接触。
4.根据权利要求3所述的密封装置,其特征在于,所述环形垫圈(9)形成圆形突起(9b),相对于所述外侧向表面(61b)略微突出,并在所述弯曲表面(13)的向外点(14)处与所述侧向表面(61b)大致齐平,同时它朝向所述拐角(11)逐渐渐缩,其径向厚度减小,直到它与所述拐角(11)形成连续表面为止。
5.根据权利要求3所述的密封装置,其特征在于,所述环形垫圈(9’)具有:两个大致圆形的环形突起(9c、9d),其绕着轴线(A)彼此平行地布置;和中空部(9e),其在轴向上由所述两个突起(9c、9d)限定;所述两个突起(9c、9d)中的第一突起(9c)大致布置在所述弯曲表面(13)的向外点(14)处,所述两个突起(9c、9d)中的第二突起(9d)大致布置在所述拐角(11)处,所述第二突起(9d)与所述拐角(11)结合直到与所述拐角(11)形成连续表面为止。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的密封装置,其特征在于,所述卡扣接合齿部(66)是周向连续的,采用环形脊的形式,或者优选的是,所述卡扣接合齿部(66)是周向离散的,采用凸起的形式,这些凸起通过周向开口或周向窗口而彼此在角度上分离开。
7.一种轮毂/车轮组件(2),包括:外圈(3),其静止使用;内圈(4),其转动使用;至少一列转动体(6),其介于所述外圈与所述内圈之间;和密封装置(1),其具有中心轴线(A),所述密封装置(1)包括:
-保护件(6),其联接到所述轴承(3)的外圈(4)以使得密封所述轴承(3),并且所述保护件(6)具有圆柱形安装壁(61),所述圆柱形安装壁(61)具有外侧向表面(61b),该外侧向表面(61b)联接到所述外圈(4)的轴环(41)的内侧向表面(44);和
-卡扣接合齿部(66),用于使所述保护件(6)与沿着所述外侧向表面(61b)形成的轴环(41)接合,使得其卡扣配合在所述内侧向表面(44)中的绕着轴线(A)沿着所述轴环(41)形成的波状环形槽(45)中;
所述轮毂/车轮组件(2)的特征在于,所述密封装置(1)还包括环形垫圈(9)(9’),其由热塑性弹性体制成并布置在夹紧座(10)内,所述夹紧座(10)形成在所述圆柱形安装壁(61)的与所述卡扣接合齿部(66)相同的一侧,大致位于在所述圆柱形安装壁(61)与跟所述圆柱形安装壁(61)相横向的环形读取壁(63)之间限定出的拐角(11)处;所述环形垫圈(9)(9’)共注射成型在所述夹紧座(10)内并化学地粘附于制成所述保护件(6)的塑料。
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DE102018213646A1 (de) | 2019-03-21 |
US11148467B2 (en) | 2021-10-19 |
US20190070898A1 (en) | 2019-03-07 |
CN109424651A (zh) | 2019-03-05 |
IT201700099285A1 (it) | 2019-03-05 |
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