CN114874050B - Method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw - Google Patents
Method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114874050B CN114874050B CN202210621381.XA CN202210621381A CN114874050B CN 114874050 B CN114874050 B CN 114874050B CN 202210621381 A CN202210621381 A CN 202210621381A CN 114874050 B CN114874050 B CN 114874050B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- straw
- ferment
- blocks
- water
- soil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw, which relates to the technical field of soil management and comprises the following steps: s1, preparing ferment; s2, preparing straw carbon; s3, mixing and dispensing: s3-1, distributing straw sections; s3-2, distributing straw carbon; s3-3, soaking the field; s3-4, ferment dispensing. The method for improving the soil fertility is characterized in that crop straws and ferment are processed and compounded to obtain the most scientific and reasonable dispensing method, the ferment preparation process is simple, the method has the advantages of environmental protection, low cost, waste recycling, wide application and the like, a certain amount of microorganism components are provided for the soil, the method has an important effect on improving the soil fertility and promoting the absorption and utilization of plants, and meanwhile, the ferment contains a large amount of sugar and small-molecule plant components, so that the quantity of earthworms in the soil can be increased at a certain concentration, and the improvement of the soil is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil management, in particular to a method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw.
Background
Soil is a substrate for plant growth, and a normal soil system can supply and coordinate the requirements of moisture, nutrients, air, heat and the like which are necessary for plant growth and development, but the degradation of the soil system can lead to soil hardening, nutrition reduction and productivity reduction, and becomes an important limiting factor for restricting agricultural development. Therefore, the research of the improvement method of the soil system has important significance for improving the soil environment and utilizing the land resources. The environment-friendly ferment is a product containing specific bioactive components, which is prepared by taking waste fruits and vegetables, plants, kitchen waste and the like as raw materials, adding or not adding sugar and water auxiliary materials, and fermenting by microorganisms. The environment-friendly ferment is simple in preparation method, low in cost and rich in raw material sources, and is rich in various enzymes, organic acids, minerals, microorganisms and the like, so that the ferment is widely applied to the fields of food, medicines, sewage treatment, soil improvement, feed processing and the like in recent years. In the aspect of soil system improvement, the application of the environment-friendly ferment can improve the nutrient content of soil, improve the ventilation condition of the soil, optimize the microbial population structure, improve degraded soil and improve the quality of the soil. Therefore, the improvement of soil fertility by utilizing the environment-friendly ferment is of great significance to environmental protection.
The environment-friendly ferment is a product containing specific bioactive components and prepared by fermenting waste fruits and vegetables, plants, kitchen wastes and the like as raw materials, is rich in various enzymes, organic acids, minerals and microorganisms, and is an environment-friendly and efficient soil improvement material. The environment-friendly ferment fully utilizes the plant garbage, applies the plant garbage to life, changes waste into valuable, and is a fermentation product advocated in recent years. Plant garbage is organic garbage, such as kitchen garbage including vegetable leaves, fruit peels and the like, and most of the garbage is thrown into a garbage can, so that burden is increased for people who handle the garbage, and resources are wasted. The environment-friendly ferment can generate a large amount of microorganisms in the preparation process, contains a large amount of sugar and small molecular organic matters, phosphorus, potassium and other components, and has an important effect on improving the fertility of soil.
At present, the chemical fertilizer and pesticide used in agricultural production are gradually increased, and the problems of soil caking, insufficient organic matter content, reduced air permeability, soil nutrition loss and the like caused by unreasonable use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by farmers are further caused, so that crop harvest is reduced, and the development requirements of the existing social economy are hardly met. Therefore, improvement of soil fertility is required.
Patent CN113773844a discloses a preparation method of environment-friendly ferment and application in soil heavy metal restoration, water, plant kitchen waste and sugar are mixed according to the weight ratio of 10:3:1, and then are placed in a sealed container to ferment for more than three months at a cool and ventilated place, the supernatant obtained by filtration is the environment-friendly ferment stock solution, and the prepared environment-friendly ferment stock solution can be used as or for preparing soil heavy metal passivation materials; the preparation method is simple, has the advantages of environmental protection, low cost, wide application and the like, but the method has limited repairing capability and has no obvious effect on improving soil fertility.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing ferment:
s1-1: mixing brown sugar, fruit and vegetable skin and water according to the mass ratio of 1:3-5:10-13, placing into a closed container, stirring for 30min, covering tightly, sealing, and continuously anaerobic fermenting for 3 months to obtain ferment raw pulp;
s1-2: precipitating the ferment raw slurry obtained in the step S1-1, and then taking a supernatant, wherein distilled water is added into the supernatant for dilution, and the mass ratio of the supernatant to the distilled water is 1:250-1000 to obtain enzyme application liquid;
s2, preparing straw charcoal:
s2-1: cleaning crop straw, drying, crushing the dried crop straw, sieving with a 8-12 mesh sieve to obtain straw powder, and sealing and preserving for later use;
s2-2: the straw powder obtained in the step S2-1 is placed in a muffle furnace for pyrolysis for 3-5 hours at 320-350 ℃, and then natural cooling is carried out to obtain straw carbon;
s3, mixing and dispensing:
s3-1, straw segment dispensing: dividing farmland to be distributed into a plurality of blocks, wherein the size of each block is 40-60m 3 Cutting crop straw into small segments, sprinkling a quick-corrosion agent on the cut crop straw segments, and turning the crop straw segments into soil of each block by a turning machine, wherein the turning depth is 10-12cm, and the application amount of the crop straw segments is 3-6kg/m 3 The spraying amount of the quick-corrosion agent is 0.002-0.003kg/m 3 Standing for reaction for 8-12h;
s3-2, straw carbon dispensing: covering the straw charcoal prepared in the step S2-2 above the crop straw section in the step S3-1, wherein the application amount of the straw charcoal is 0.5-1kg/m 3 Standing for reaction for 24 hours;
s3-3, soaking the field: dividing 4 adjacent blocks into a group, filling water into a water-soaking field, filling a water layer with the depth of 4-5cm into the two blocks in the north east-south west direction, filling a water layer with the depth of 2-3cm into the two blocks in the north west-south east direction, and simultaneously dispensing the ferment application liquid obtained in the step S1-2, wherein the dispensing amount of the ferment application liquid is 60-90g/m 3 Standing for reaction for 24-30h;
s3-4, ferment dispensing: evacuating water in two blocks in the north east-south west direction, introducing water containing enzyme application liquid into the two blocks in the north west-south east direction, reserving 0.5-1cm water layer in the two blocks in the north west-south east direction, and continuously applying the enzyme application liquid obtained in the step S1-2 into the two blocks in the north east-south west direction, wherein the application amount of the enzyme application liquid is 20-30g/m 3 Standing for reaction for 24-30h, and naturally evaporating the residual water in the block.
Further, in the step S1-1, the fruit and vegetable peel is prepared from lettuce leaves and apple peel or pear peel according to a proportion of 2:1 mass ratio. The raw materials are easy to select, the cost is low, and the fermentation effect is good.
Further, in the step S1-1, the bottle cap of the sealed container is unscrewed once every day in the first 1 month of anaerobic fermentation to discharge gas, and after 1 month of fermentation, a pH regulator is added into the sealed container to regulate the pH of the fermentation liquid to 4-5, and the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 20-25 ℃. Ensures that the fermentation application liquid can achieve better effect.
Still further, the pH adjuster is citric acid with a mass concentration of 40%. The fermentation of beneficial strains is quickened, and meanwhile, the growth and reproduction of harmful strains such as mould and the like are also effectively avoided.
Further, the crop straw selected in the step S2-1 and the step S3-1 is rice straw, corn straw or flax straw. The potassium content in the selected crop straw is higher.
Further, the crop straw section in the step S3-1 is a small section of 5-8 cm. The composting and quick-decay can be conveniently carried out.
Further, the medium-speed corrosion agent in the step S3-1 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-12% of bacillus, 6-7% of filamentous fungi, 4-5% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4-5% of aspergillus oryzae, 0.2-0.5% of clostridium bartype, 15-16% of urea and the balance of distilled water. The quick-corrosion agent can effectively promote straw decomposition, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements generated after the straw decomposition can improve soil fertility.
Further, cement ridges are built between each two adjacent blocks in the step S3-1, and the cement ridges wrap the plastic film. Avoiding the mutual interference between blocks.
Still further, be equipped with a plurality of drainage channel in the cement ridge between two adjacent blocks, every the drainage channel both ends all are equipped with 3 areas and become the wash port that enlarges gradually from bottom to top, are equipped with the spout on the cement ridge lateral wall at drainage channel both ends, the inside slip of spout is equipped with aggravates the baffle, aggravate the baffle bottom and be equipped with the blotter, the bottom of spout is located the soil top in the block, and two aggravate the baffle top and all be equipped with wire rope, and cement ridge top is equipped with drive assembly, drive assembly is inside to be equipped with driving motor, driving motor upper and lower both ends all are equipped with the driving disk, two the driving disk respectively with the terminal winding of wire rope is connected, and cement ridge upper surface is equipped with the support that is used for supporting wire rope, the support run through the inside through-hole that is equipped with of cement ridge and with through-hole sealing connection, the wire rope that is located driving motor top is in the high position, and the support that the wire rope below that is in high position is detachable just this support corresponds is the through-hole and drainage channel intercommunication that the support is originally, can make after the support dismantlement be in the wire rope that is in high position and the loose wire rope and when just not drive wire rope one side of the cement ridge sensor that is equipped with on one side of the cement ridge side of the sensor that is in the rotation state. The diversion between two adjacent blocks can be performed according to the water level requirement in the step S3-4.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) The method for improving the soil fertility is characterized in that crop straws and ferment are processed and compounded to obtain the most scientific and reasonable dispensing method, the ferment preparation process is simple, the method has the advantages of environmental protection, low cost, waste recycling, wide application and the like, a certain amount of microorganism components are provided for the soil, the method has an important effect on improving the soil fertility and promoting the absorption and utilization of plants, and meanwhile, the ferment contains a large amount of sugar and small-molecule plant components, so that the quantity of earthworms in the soil can be increased at a certain concentration, and the improvement of the soil is facilitated.
(2) The method for improving soil fertility disclosed by the invention divides crop straws into straw charcoal and quick-decay straws to be applied step by step, and simultaneously the crop straws and the environment-friendly ferment are applied together, so that the crop straws have components such as organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like with higher concentration, and the soil can be more fertile.
(3) According to the method for improving soil fertility, disclosed by the invention, the soil blocks are divided, and then the water layer differentiation soaking field is carried out, so that the soil vitality can be excited to the greatest extent, the enzyme consumption is saved, the cost is saved, the drainage channels are arranged, the flow guiding efficiency between two adjacent blocks is greatly facilitated, and the working efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of improving soil fertility in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the front construction of a concrete ridge in the method for improving soil fertility according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the back construction of a cement ridge in the method for improving soil fertility according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a cement ridge in the soil fertility improvement method of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of drain holes in the soil fertility improvement method of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a graph showing the comparison of the experimental results of the present invention example 1 and comparative example 1;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the comparison of the experimental results of the present invention example 3 and the comparative example 3;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the comparison of the experimental results of the present invention example 4 and the comparative example 4;
FIG. 9 is a graph showing the results of experiments conducted in accordance with the present invention in example 5 and comparative example 5.
The device comprises a cement ridge 1, a bracket 11, a through hole 12, a water draining channel 2, a water draining hole 21, a sliding groove 3, a weight-increasing baffle 4, a buffer cushion 5, a steel wire rope 6, a driving component 7, a driving motor 8, a driving disc 81 and a water level sensor 9.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw is shown in fig. 1, and comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing ferment:
s1-1: mixing brown sugar, fruit and vegetable peels and water according to the mass ratio of 1:4:12, filling the mixture into a closed container, stirring for 30min, covering tightly, sealing, and continuously carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 3 months to obtain enzyme raw pulp, wherein the fruit and vegetable peels are green vegetable leaves and apple peels, and the mass ratio of 2:1, unscrewing a bottle cap of a sealing container once every day in the first 1 month of anaerobic fermentation to discharge gas, adding a pH regulator into the sealing container after fermenting for 1 month to regulate the pH of fermentation liquid to 4.5, wherein the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 23 ℃, and the pH regulator is citric acid with the mass concentration of 40%;
s1-2: precipitating the ferment raw slurry obtained in the step S1-1, and then taking a supernatant, wherein distilled water is added into the supernatant for dilution, and the mass ratio of the supernatant to the distilled water is 1:250, obtaining enzyme application liquid;
s2, preparing straw charcoal:
s2-1: cleaning crop straw, drying, crushing the dried crop straw, sieving with a 10-mesh sieve to obtain straw powder, and sealing and preserving the straw powder for later use, wherein the selected crop straw is rice straw;
s2-2: the straw powder obtained in the step S2-1 is placed in a muffle furnace to be pyrolyzed for 4 hours at 340 ℃, and then natural cooling is carried out to obtain straw carbon;
s3, mixing and dispensing:
s3-1, straw segment dispensing: dividing farmland to be distributed into a plurality of blocks, wherein the size of each block is 50m 3 Cement ridges 1 are built between every two adjacent blocks, plastic films are wrapped by the cement ridges, crop straws are cut into small sections of 6cm, then a quick-corrosion agent is sprayed on the cut crop straw sections, the crop straw sections are turned and screwed into soil of each block through a turning machine, the turning depth is 11cm, and the distribution amount of the crop straw sections is 4kg/m 3 The spraying amount of the quick-corrosion agent is 0.0025kg/m 3 Standing for reaction for 10 hours, wherein the selected crop straw is rice straw, and the quick-decay agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 11% of bacillus, 6% of filamentous fungi, 4% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 5% of aspergillus oryzae, 0.3% of clostridium barkii, 16% of urea and the balance of distilled water;
s3-2, straw carbon dispensing: covering the straw charcoal prepared in the step S2-2 above the crop straw section in the step S3-1, wherein the application amount of the straw charcoal is 0.7kg/m 3 Standing for reaction for 24 hours;
s3-3, soaking the field: dividing 4 adjacent blocks into a group, filling water into a water-soaking field, filling a water layer with the depth of 4.5cm into the two blocks in the north east-south west direction, filling a water layer with the depth of 2.5cm into the two blocks in the north west-south east direction, and simultaneously dispensing the ferment application liquid obtained in the step S1-2, wherein the dispensing amount of the ferment application liquid is 70g/m 3 Standing for reaction for 28h;
s3-4, ferment dispensing: evacuating water in the two blocks in the north east-south west direction, introducing water containing enzyme application liquid in the two blocks in the north west-south east direction into the two blocks in the north east-south west direction, reserving a water layer of 0.75cm in the two blocks in the north west-south east direction, and continuing to apply the enzyme application liquid obtained in the step S1-2 to the two blocks in the north east-south west direction, wherein the application amount of the enzyme application liquid is 25g/m 3 The reaction was allowed to stand for 26 hours, followed by natural evaporation of the remaining water in the block.
Example 2
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that:
as shown in fig. 2-5, a plurality of drainage channels 2 are arranged in the cement ridge 1 between two adjacent blocks, 3 drainage holes 21 with gradually enlarged areas are arranged at the two ends of each drainage channel 2 from bottom to top, a chute 3 is arranged on the side wall of the cement ridge 1 at the two ends of each drainage channel 2, a weighting baffle 4 is arranged in the chute 3 in a sliding manner, a buffer cushion 5 is arranged at the bottom of the weighting baffle 4, the bottom of the chute 3 is positioned above soil in the block, steel wire ropes 6 are arranged at the top ends of the two weighting baffles 4, a driving component 7 is arranged at the top of the cement ridge 1, a driving motor 8 is arranged in the driving component 7, the driving motor 8 is a commercial double-shaft driving motor, driving discs 81 are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the driving motor 8, the two driving discs 81 are respectively connected with the tail ends of the steel wire ropes 6 in a winding manner, the cement ridge 1 upper surface is equipped with the support 11 that is used for supporting wire rope 6, the through-hole 12 that the inside of support 11 runs through cement ridge 1 is equipped with and with through-hole 12 sealing connection, wire rope 6 that the driving disk 81 that is located driving motor 8 top corresponds is in the high position, the support 11 that is in wire rope 6 below of high position is detachable and this through-hole 12 that support 11 corresponds and drainage channel 2 intercommunication, can make wire rope 6 that is originally in the high position be in the relaxation state after the support 11 dismantles and no longer drive when driving disk 81 rotates and aggravate baffle 4 and rise, a cement ridge 1 side wall of wire rope 6 side of low position is equipped with water level sensor 9, water level sensor 9 is the product of selling on the market.
Working principle:
when the process goes to the step S3-3 of soaking the field, after pouring a water layer with a depth of 3cm into two blocks in the North west-south eastern direction, continuously pouring enzyme application liquid obtained in the step S1-2, taking down a bracket 11 originally positioned below the high-position steel wire rope 6 to keep the steel wire rope 6 in a loose state, then starting a driving motor 8 to drive driving discs 81 at the upper end and the lower end to rotate, winding the steel wire rope 6 through the driving discs 81, wherein the lower rotating disc 81 pulls up the weighting baffle 4 by utilizing the steel wire rope 6, the upper rotating disc 81 does not pull up the weighting baffle 4 by winding the steel wire rope 6 in the loose state, and then injecting enzyme application liquid into a through hole 12 to enable the enzyme application liquid to be discharged from a drain hole 21 positioned at one side of the low-position steel wire rope 6, after enzyme application liquid injection is completed, installing the bracket 11 back into the through hole 12 and overlapping the steel wire rope 6 above the bracket 11;
when the ferment dispensing in the step S3-4 is performed and the diversion is needed, the driving motor 8 is started to drive the driving discs 81 at the upper end and the lower end to rotate, the steel wire rope 6 is wound through the driving discs 81, so that the steel wire rope 6 is utilized to pull up the weighting baffle 4, the weighting baffle 4 slides along the chute 3, the water drainage hole 21 leaks out, water in a high water level block is diverted into a low water level block, water flow is firstly discharged from the uppermost large-aperture water drainage hole 21, the water level is reduced and then discharged from the small-aperture water drainage hole 21, the impact of water flow on the cement ridge 1 can be avoided, and the water level change in the two blocks can be timely monitored through the water level sensor 9.
Example 3
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: s1, parameters of ferment preparation are different.
S1-1: mixing brown sugar, fruit and vegetable peels and water according to the mass ratio of 1:3:10, filling the mixture into a closed container, stirring for 30min, covering tightly, sealing, and continuously carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 3 months to obtain enzyme raw pulp, wherein the fruit and vegetable peels are green vegetable leaves and apple peels, and the mass ratio of 2:1, unscrewing a bottle cap of a sealing container once every day in the first 1 month of anaerobic fermentation to discharge gas, adding a pH regulator into the sealing container after fermenting for 1 month to regulate the pH of fermentation liquid to 4, wherein the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 20 ℃, and the pH regulator is citric acid with the mass concentration of 40%;
s1-2: precipitating the ferment raw slurry obtained in the step S1-1, and then taking a supernatant, wherein distilled water is added into the supernatant for dilution, and the mass ratio of the supernatant to the distilled water is 1:500, to obtain an enzyme application liquid.
Example 4
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: s1, parameters of ferment preparation are different.
S1-1: mixing brown sugar, fruit and vegetable peels and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5:13, filling the mixture into a closed container, stirring for 30min, covering tightly, sealing, and continuously carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 3 months to obtain enzyme raw pulp, wherein the fruit and vegetable peels are green vegetable leaves and pear peels, and the mass ratio of 2:1, unscrewing a bottle cap of a sealing container once every day in the first 1 month of anaerobic fermentation to discharge gas, adding a pH regulator into the sealing container after fermenting for 1 month to regulate the pH of the fermentation liquid to 5, wherein the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 25 ℃, and the pH regulator is citric acid with the mass concentration of 40%;
s1-2: precipitating the ferment raw slurry obtained in the step S1-1, and then taking a supernatant, wherein distilled water is added into the supernatant for dilution, and the mass ratio of the supernatant to the distilled water is 1:750, obtaining the ferment application liquid.
Example 5
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: s1, parameters of ferment preparation are different.
S1-1: mixing brown sugar, fruit and vegetable peels and water according to the mass ratio of 1:5:10, filling the mixture into a closed container, stirring for 30min, covering tightly, sealing, and continuously carrying out anaerobic fermentation for 3 months to obtain enzyme raw pulp, wherein the fruit and vegetable peels are green vegetable leaves and pear peels, and the mass ratio of 2:1, unscrewing a bottle cap of a sealing container once every day in the first 1 month of anaerobic fermentation to discharge gas, adding a pH regulator into the sealing container after fermenting for 1 month to regulate the pH of fermentation liquid to 4, wherein the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 25 ℃, and the pH regulator is citric acid with the mass concentration of 40%;
s1-2: precipitating the ferment raw slurry obtained in the step S1-1, and then taking a supernatant, wherein distilled water is added into the supernatant for dilution, and the mass ratio of the supernatant to the distilled water is 1:1000, to obtain an enzyme application liquid.
Example 6
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: s2, preparing straw charcoal with different parameters.
S2-1: cleaning and drying crop straws, crushing the dried crop straws and sieving the crushed crop straws with an 8-mesh sieve to obtain straw powder, and sealing and preserving the straw powder for later use, wherein the selected crop straws are corn straws;
s2-2: and (3) placing the straw powder obtained in the step (S2-1) in a muffle furnace for pyrolysis at 320 ℃ for 5 hours, and then naturally cooling to obtain the straw carbon.
Example 7
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: s2, preparing straw charcoal with different parameters.
S2-1: cleaning crop straw, drying, crushing the dried crop straw, sieving with a 12-mesh sieve to obtain straw powder, and sealing and preserving the straw powder for later use, wherein the selected crop straw is flax straw;
s2-2: and (3) placing the straw powder obtained in the step (S2-1) in a muffle furnace for pyrolysis at 350 ℃ for 3 hours, and then naturally cooling to obtain the straw carbon.
Example 8
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: s3, parameters of mixed dispensing are different.
S3-1, straw segment dispensing: dividing farmland to be distributed into a plurality of blocks, wherein the size of each block is 40m 3 Cement ridges 1 are built between every two adjacent blocks, plastic films are wrapped by the cement ridges, crop straws are cut into 5cm sections, then a quick-corrosion agent is sprayed on the cut crop straw sections, the crop straw sections are turned and screwed into soil of each block through a turning machine, the turning depth is 10cm, and the distribution amount of the crop straw sections is 3kg/m 3 The spraying amount of the quick-corrosion agent is 0.002kg/m 3 Standing for 8 hours, wherein the selected crop straw is corn straw, and the quick-corrosion agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10% of bacillus, 6% of filamentous fungi, 4% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4% of aspergillus oryzae, 0.2% of clostridium barbus, 15% of urea and the balance of distilled water;
s3-2, straw carbon dispensing: covering the straw charcoal prepared in the step S2-2 above the crop straw section in the step S3-1, wherein the application amount of the straw charcoal is 0.5kg/m 3 Standing for reaction for 24 hours;
s3-3, soaking the field: dividing 4 adjacent blocks into a group, filling water into a water-soaking field, filling water layers with the depth of 4cm into the two blocks in the north east-south west direction, filling water layers with the depth of 2cm into the two blocks in the north west-south east direction, and simultaneously dispensing the ferment application liquid obtained in the step S1-2, wherein the dispensing amount of the ferment application liquid is 60g/m 3 Standing for reaction for 24 hours;
s3-4, ferment dispensing: evacuating water in the two blocks in the north east-south west direction, introducing water containing enzyme application liquid in the two blocks in the north west-south east direction into the two blocks in the north east-south west direction, reserving a water layer of 0.5cm in the two blocks in the north west-south east direction, and continuing to apply the enzyme application obtained in the step S1-2 to the two blocks in the north east-south west directionThe liquid and the enzyme-applied liquid were applied in an amount of 20g/m 3 The reaction was allowed to stand for 24 hours, and then the water remaining in the block was naturally evaporated.
Example 9
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1 except that: s3, parameters of mixed dispensing are different.
S3-1, straw segment dispensing: dividing farmland to be distributed into a plurality of blocks, wherein each block has a size of 60m 3 Cement ridges 1 are built between every two adjacent blocks, plastic films are wrapped by the cement ridges, crop straws are cut into small sections of 8cm, then a quick-corrosion agent is sprayed on the cut crop straw sections, the crop straw sections are turned and screwed into soil of each block through a turning machine, the turning depth is 12cm, and the distribution amount of the crop straw sections is 6kg/m 3 The spraying amount of the quick-corrosion agent is 0.003kg/m 3 Standing for reaction for 12 hours, wherein the selected crop straw is flax straw, and the quick-decay agent comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 12% of bacillus, 7% of filamentous fungi, 5% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 5% of aspergillus oryzae, 0.5% of clostridium barbus, 16% of urea and the balance of distilled water;
s3-2, straw carbon dispensing: covering the straw charcoal prepared in the step S2-2 above the crop straw section in the step S3-1, wherein the application amount of the straw charcoal is 1kg/m 3 Standing for reaction for 24 hours;
s3-3, soaking the field: dividing 4 adjacent blocks into a group, filling water into a water-soaking field, filling water layers with the depth of 5cm into the two blocks in the north east-south west direction, filling water layers with the depth of 3cm into the two blocks in the north west-south east direction, and simultaneously dispensing the ferment application liquid obtained in the step S1-2, wherein the dispensing amount of the ferment application liquid is 90g/m 3 Standing for reaction for 30h;
s3-4, ferment dispensing: evacuating water in the two blocks in the north east-south west direction, introducing water containing enzyme application liquid in the two blocks in the north west-south east direction into the two blocks in the north east-south west direction, reserving a 1cm water layer in the two blocks in the north west-south east direction, and continuing to dispense the enzyme application liquid obtained in the step S1-2 into the two blocks in the north east-south west direction, wherein the enzyme application liquid is dispensedThe amount was 30g/m 3 The reaction was allowed to stand for 30 hours, and then the water remaining in the block was naturally evaporated.
Experimental example
In the following, in-situ simulation experiments were conducted on the method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw in examples 1-5, and the influence of different ferment dilution factors on soil fertility was mainly observed, and meanwhile, the method was compared with comparative examples 1-5, wherein only commercially-available ferment and straw segments are applied to the soil in comparative examples 1, 3, 4 and 5, the application amounts of ferment and straw segments are identical to those in examples 1, 3, 4 and 5, the ferment dispensing method of the invention is not used in comparative example 2, and the ferment application liquid applied to each block is 50g/m 3 Examples 6-9 are reasonable adjustments within the parameters given in the present invention and are not to be contrasted here.
As shown in fig. 6, the soil fertility improvement method after the ferment application liquid, the straw charcoal and the straw segments are applied in the embodiment 1 is more effective in improving the N, P, K element of the soil than the conventional environment-friendly ferment and rice straw in the market;
as shown in fig. 7, in the soil fertility improvement method after the ferment application liquid, the straw charcoal and the straw segments are applied in the embodiment 3, compared with the conventional environment-friendly ferment and rice straw sold in the market, the improvement of N, P, K element of the soil is more effective, wherein the difference of K element is more obvious;
as shown in fig. 8, in example 4, the soil fertility improvement method after the ferment application liquid, the straw charcoal and the straw segments are applied is more effective in improving the N, P, K element of the soil than the conventional environment-friendly ferment and rice straw in the market, and in this example, 1: soil fertility improvement at a ferment dilution of 750 is best in these 4 sets of examples, so parameters of this example can be optimized during actual production;
as shown in fig. 9, in example 5, the soil fertility improvement method after the ferment application liquid, the straw charcoal and the straw segments are applied is more effective in improving N, P, K element of soil than the conventional environment-friendly ferment and rice straw in the market, and in example 1: the lifting effect on the K element is smaller under the enzyme dilution multiple of 1000.
Comparing the experimental results of example 2 and comparative example 2, the content of K element and the content of organic matters in the soil are mainly measured, the measuring time is 8d after the step S3-4 is finished, and the residual water layer on the soil surface in the block is completely naturally evaporated, and the result is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 experimental results of example 2 and comparative example 2
| Examples | K element content mg/kg | Organic matter content g/kg |
| Example 2 (North east-south west direction) | 285 | 9.2 |
| Example 2 (North west-south east) | 283 | 9.6 |
| Comparative example 2 | 277 | 9.1 |
As can be seen from the data in table 1, the enzyme preparation method of the present invention has a large increase in K element in soil and a small increase in organic matter content, and the total amount of enzyme preparation solution used in comparative example 2 is 50×4=200 g/m 3 While atComparative example 2 uses 70 x 2+25 x 2 = 190g/m 3 It can be seen that the less enzyme applying liquid is used in the embodiment 2, but a more outstanding improvement effect is obtained, which shows that the enzyme dispensing method of the invention can scientifically and reasonably maximize the use of the enzyme applying liquid, and effectively saves the cost.
As can be seen from comparing the soil fertility improvement effect in the different blocks, the organic matter content of the north west-south eastern blocks is greater than that of the north east-south west blocks, which is probably because the enzyme application liquid is used earlier in the north west-south eastern blocks for soaking the fields; the content of K element in the north east-south west direction block is larger than that in the north west-south east direction block, which is probably because the water level of the north east-south west direction block is deeper, and the release of K element in the straw is more favorable.
Claims (7)
1. The method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, preparing ferment:
s1-1: mixing brown sugar, fruit and vegetable skin and water according to the mass ratio of 1:3-5:10-13, placing into a closed container, stirring for 30min, covering tightly, sealing, and continuously anaerobic fermenting for 3 months to obtain ferment raw pulp;
s1-2: precipitating the ferment raw slurry obtained in the step S1-1, and then taking a supernatant, wherein distilled water is added into the supernatant for dilution, and the mass ratio of the supernatant to the distilled water is 1:250-1000 to obtain enzyme application liquid;
s2, preparing straw charcoal:
s2-1: cleaning crop straw, drying, crushing the dried crop straw, sieving with a 8-12 mesh sieve to obtain straw powder, and sealing and preserving for later use;
s2-2: the straw powder obtained in the step S2-1 is placed in a muffle furnace for pyrolysis for 3-5 hours at 320-350 ℃, and then natural cooling is carried out to obtain straw carbon;
s3, mixing and dispensing:
s3-1, straw segment dispensing: dividing farmland to be distributed into a plurality of blocks, wherein the size of each block is 40-60m 3 Cutting up crop strawCutting into small segments, sprinkling a quick-corrosion agent on the cut crop straw segments, and turning the crop straw segments into soil of each block by a turning machine, wherein the turning depth is 10-12cm, and the application amount of the crop straw segments is 3-6kg/m 3 The spraying amount of the quick-corrosion agent is 0.002-0.003kg/m 3 Standing for reaction for 8-12h;
s3-2, straw carbon dispensing: covering the straw charcoal prepared in the step S2-2 above the crop straw section in the step S3-1, wherein the application amount of the straw charcoal is 0.5-1kg/m 3 Standing for reaction for 24 hours;
s3-3, soaking the field: dividing 4 adjacent blocks into a group, filling water into a water-soaking field, filling a water layer with the depth of 4-5cm into the two blocks in the north east-south west direction, filling a water layer with the depth of 2-3cm into the two blocks in the north west-south east direction, and simultaneously dispensing the ferment application liquid obtained in the step S1-2, wherein the dispensing amount of the ferment application liquid is 60-90g/m 3 Standing for reaction for 24-30h;
s3-4, ferment dispensing: evacuating water in two blocks in the north east-south west direction, introducing water containing enzyme application liquid into the two blocks in the north west-south east direction, reserving 0.5-1cm water layer in the two blocks in the north west-south east direction, and continuously applying the enzyme application liquid obtained in the step S1-2 into the two blocks in the north east-south west direction, wherein the application amount of the enzyme application liquid is 20-30g/m 3 Standing for reaction for 24-30h, and naturally evaporating residual water in the block;
cement ridges (1) are built between every two adjacent blocks in the step S3-1, plastic films are wrapped by the cement ridges, a plurality of drainage channels (2) are arranged in the cement ridges (1) between the two adjacent blocks, 3 drainage holes (21) with gradually enlarged areas are formed in the two ends of each drainage channel (2) from bottom to top, sliding grooves (3) are formed in the side walls of the cement ridges (1) at the two ends of each drainage channel (2), weighting baffles (4) are slidably arranged in the sliding grooves (3), buffer cushions (5) are arranged at the bottoms of the weighting baffles (4), the bottom ends of the sliding grooves (3) are located above soil in the blocks, steel wire ropes (6) are arranged at the tops of the two weighting baffles (4), driving components (7) are arranged at the tops of the cement ridges (1), driving motors (8) are arranged in the driving components, driving disks (81) are arranged at the upper ends and the lower ends of the driving motors (8), the two driving disks (81) are respectively connected with the tail ends of the steel wire ropes (6) in a winding mode, the cement ridges (1) are provided with through holes (12) for supporting the steel wire ropes (6) to penetrate through the inside the steel wire supports (11), the steel wire rope (6) corresponding to the driving disc (81) above the driving motor (8) is located at a high position, the bracket (11) below the steel wire rope (6) located at the high position is detachable, the through hole (12) corresponding to the bracket (11) is communicated with the drainage channel (2), the steel wire rope (6) originally located at the high position can be in a loose state after the bracket (11) is detached, the weighting baffle (4) is not driven to ascend any more when the driving disc (81) rotates, and a water level sensor (9) is arranged on one side wall of the cement ridge (1) on one side of the steel wire rope (6) located at the low position.
2. The method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw according to claim 1, wherein the fruit and vegetable peel in the step S1-1 is prepared from lettuce leaves and apple peel or pear peel by the following steps: 1 mass ratio.
3. The method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1-1, the bottle cap of the sealed container is unscrewed once every day in the first 1 month of anaerobic fermentation to discharge gas, the pH regulator is added into the sealed container after 1 month of fermentation to regulate the pH of the fermentation liquid to 4-5, and the anaerobic fermentation temperature is 20-25 ℃.
4. The method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw according to claim 3, wherein the pH regulator is citric acid with a mass concentration of 40%.
5. The method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw according to claim 1, wherein the crop straw selected in the step S2-1 and the step S3-1 is rice straw, corn straw or flax straw.
6. The method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw according to claim 1, wherein the crop straw section in the step S3-1 is a small section of 5-8 cm.
7. The method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw according to claim 1, wherein the medium-speed humic acid in the step S3-1 comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 10-12% of bacillus, 6-7% of filamentous fungi, 4-5% of saccharomyces cerevisiae, 4-5% of aspergillus oryzae, 0.2-0.5% of clostridium pasteurella, 15-16% of urea and the balance of distilled water.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210621381.XA CN114874050B (en) | 2022-06-01 | 2022-06-01 | Method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210621381.XA CN114874050B (en) | 2022-06-01 | 2022-06-01 | Method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114874050A CN114874050A (en) | 2022-08-09 |
| CN114874050B true CN114874050B (en) | 2023-07-28 |
Family
ID=82679263
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210621381.XA Active CN114874050B (en) | 2022-06-01 | 2022-06-01 | Method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114874050B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116023182A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-04-28 | 江苏龙环环境科技有限公司 | Method for improving composting degree of goose manure by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and rice straw biochar |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104488397A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-08 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Simplified straw-returning-to-field method applicable to clay paddy fields |
| CN111567172A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-08-25 | 浙江科技学院 | Method for improving acidic paddy soil by combining hydrothermal carbon and biogas slurry |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102422734A (en) * | 2011-09-14 | 2012-04-25 | 浙江大学 | Method for utilizing rice straws charring return to improve rice paddy field soil |
| CN109328522A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-02-15 | 定远县国浩秸秆综合利用有限公司 | A kind of method that straw-returning increases soil fertility |
| CN110550986A (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2019-12-10 | 昆明学院 | Carbon-based biological enzyme fertilizer |
| CN111316874A (en) * | 2020-04-02 | 2020-06-23 | 辽宁雨禾生态农业发展有限公司 | Enzyme rice planting method |
| CN113773844A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2021-12-10 | 青岛大学威海创新研究院 | Preparation method of environment-friendly enzyme and application of environment-friendly enzyme in soil heavy metal remediation |
-
2022
- 2022-06-01 CN CN202210621381.XA patent/CN114874050B/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104488397A (en) * | 2014-12-16 | 2015-04-08 | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Simplified straw-returning-to-field method applicable to clay paddy fields |
| CN111567172A (en) * | 2020-03-11 | 2020-08-25 | 浙江科技学院 | Method for improving acidic paddy soil by combining hydrothermal carbon and biogas slurry |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114874050A (en) | 2022-08-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101759477B (en) | Organic-inorganic compound fertilizer for grapes and method for preparing same | |
| CN103224419A (en) | Production method of biological fertilizer | |
| CN102584371A (en) | Method for making biological organic fertilizer by using rice straws as main raw material | |
| CN102643120A (en) | Preparation method of organic fertilizer | |
| CN105272409A (en) | Cherry tomato culture medium and preparation method thereof | |
| KR101535430B1 (en) | Mushroom Compost Medium Manufacturing Method Using Livestock Manure And Mushroom Cultivation Method Using Mushroom Compost Medium Produced by Livestock Manure | |
| CN103641640A (en) | Activity-enhanced algae microorganism fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN106518215A (en) | Method for preparing organic fertilizer by harmless treatment and reutilization of waste mushroom resources | |
| CN114874050B (en) | Method for improving soil fertility by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and straw | |
| CN111574254A (en) | Production process for fermenting organic fertilizer by utilizing Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse | |
| CN1923760A (en) | Biological activity fertilizer produced from hyacinth fermentation slag and method thereof | |
| CN109438135A (en) | Organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN110857261A (en) | Preparation method of edible fungus residue biological organic fertilizer | |
| CN102674934A (en) | Water-retaining amino acid bio-organic fertilizer prepared prepare from water hyacinth | |
| CN102584444A (en) | Method for preparing non-fermentative composite organic fat fertilizer | |
| KR20130045478A (en) | Fermentation eces of duck and rice skin in the manure process and the overhead equipment | |
| CN107032854A (en) | The method that stalk fermentation biogas residue prepares organic fertilizer | |
| CN107759307A (en) | Humic acid organic fertilizer | |
| CN102126878A (en) | Preparation method for producing peat by using straws | |
| CN104892173A (en) | Production process of special fertilizer organic for corns | |
| CN108065031A (en) | A kind of microorganism conversion pineapple bran is the preparation method of biological feedstuff | |
| CN111646844A (en) | Novel composite enzyme microbial fertilizer and preparation method thereof | |
| CN113979794A (en) | Biogas residue organic fertilizer formula for promoting efficient and rapid growth of tung trees | |
| CN106747782A (en) | A kind of beans stalk ferment fertilizer of sugarcane | |
| CN1397522A (en) | Organic fertilizer for tea plantation and its industrial preparing process |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |