CN116023182A - Method for improving composting degree of goose manure by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and rice straw biochar - Google Patents
Method for improving composting degree of goose manure by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and rice straw biochar Download PDFInfo
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the composting degree of goose manure by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and biochar; the method comprises the following steps: s1, feeding and mixing, S2, stacking in layers, S3, and composting; the composting method of the invention has obvious improvement on the decomposition degree in the composting process of the goose manure, and simultaneously reduces the time required by composting; solves the defects of long fecal decomposition time and low decomposition degree in the conventional livestock and poultry fecal composting process; the treatment method has the advantages of good stability, low cost, simple treatment mode and short time consumption, and can improve the decomposition degree of the piled body, so that the piled body can be better made into fertilizer to be utilized, and the waste recycling is realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the composting degree of goose manure by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and rice straw biochar.
Background
The livestock manure becomes one of the most important environmental pollution problems to be solved urgently, in recent years, the livestock industry in China continuously and stably develops, the large-scale cultivation level is improved year by year, the stable supply of meat, eggs and milk is ensured, but part of livestock manure is not effectively treated and utilized, and the livestock manure becomes a great problem of rural environmental management. The treatment of the livestock manure has certain complexity, because the components of the livestock manure are complex, harmful substances are many, and the treatment difficulty is great. The traditional treatment method is adopted to treat the excrement, and has the problems of poor quality of the treated excrement, high cost in the treatment process, insufficient utilization rate of resources, secondary pollution to the environment and the like. This not only affects the economic benefits, but also causes serious harm to the ecological environment.
The random discharge and disposal of a large amount of livestock and poultry manure not only causes serious pollution to the ecological environment, but also causes serious threat to human life and health; the rich nutrient elements needed by the plants are high-quality commodity organic fertilizer raw materials, and unreasonable disposal tends to cause waste of resources to a certain extent. The current effective treatment method mainly comprises two kinds of harmless treatment and recycling treatment, wherein the harmless treatment (traditional treatment method) comprises the following steps: a sanitary landfill method and an incineration method; the recycling treatment comprises anaerobic digestion, aerobic composting and other methods. Although the traditional treatment method can solve the problem of huge amount of organic garbage such as livestock and poultry manure to a large extent, the traditional technology can treat the organic garbage and cause great influence on environmental sanitation due to secondary pollution. As the environmental improvement in China is increasingly strong, and the land resources are increasingly scarce, the traditional treatment mode can not meet the organic waste discharge amount with the annual increase of the yield, and the method is abandoned by China, japan and European countries gradually along with the deep recycling treatment, and the fertilizer treatment method with higher resource utilization efficiency is widely used for treating the livestock and poultry manure. Therefore, the method has important practical significance and value when researching the treatment technology of the livestock manure.
At present, many researches and experiments on environmental protection enzymes in the fields of environmental protection, home furnishing, agriculture and the like exist. The environment-friendly ferment is beneficial to the growth and development of crops, can effectively inhibit the development of plant diseases and insect pests, and can improve the disease resistance and immunity of crops. The research shows that the environment-friendly ferment has the effects of improving the salt alkalinity of soil (the main influencing factors of the environment-friendly ferment on saline-alkali soil are pH value, conductivity EC and quick-acting potassium) and improving the fertilizer effect of the soil. The ferment fertilizer has been widely applied in agriculture at home and abroad. However, there are differences between homemade environment-friendly enzymes. This is related to the raw materials used in the fermentation, the fermentation environment, the fermentation species, the fermentation process, and other factors.
The biochar has special structure and excellent physical, chemical and biological properties, and can be used for soil improvement, such as increasing the organic matter content of soil, enhancing water retention, relieving acidification, enhancing ventilation and the like; is used for reducing the effective concentration and bioavailability of organic pollutants and heavy metals in soil, preventing and controlling migration and transformation of the pollutants in a soil-plant system, achieving the aim of restoration, and still being in a starting stage in the related research of composting potential of the relevant biochar,
disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for improving the composting degree of goose manure by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and rice straw biochar.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a method for improving the composting degree of goose manure by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and rice straw biochar comprises the following steps:
s1, feeding and mixing:
respectively adding 1-3% of environment-friendly ferment and 8-15% of rice straw biochar into the goose manure, uniformly mixing, and adding water to adjust the water content to 50-70%, thereby forming a material;
s2, layering and stacking:
weighing a decomposing inoculant accounting for 10% of the weight of the material; stacking 4-6 layers of the materials obtained in the step S1, wherein the thickness of each layer is 50-60 cm; uniformly spreading a decomposing inoculant on each layer of material for stacking, and monitoring the real-time temperature;
s3, composting and decomposing:
composting is carried out in an aerobic composting mode, and the composting period is 32-34 days; during the first two weeks of composting, when the temperature of the materials is raised to 65-68 ℃, water is supplemented, and the pile is turned over, and then water is supplemented once every 3 days; after the first two weeks, the materials are turned over and piled for 1 time, and water is supplemented once every 7 days until the composting treatment is completed, wherein the water supplementing amount is 1L/100kg of goose manure each time.
Description: the compost maturity can be effectively improved by adopting the environment-friendly ferment and the rice straw biochar, the goose manure stacking mechanism can be improved by the environment-friendly ferment, the fluffiness is increased, the conductivity, the initial water content and the loss amount of organic matters of the compost can be obviously reduced by adding the rice straw biochar, and then the compost can be more rapidly realized, the goose manure composting maturity is improved, thereby realizing the recycling of the goose manure more rapidly and effectively, finally improving the availability of livestock manure, and realizing the recycling of solid waste while reducing pollution.
Further, the environmental-friendly ferment in the step S1 is prepared from a mixture of green peel and lettuce peel according to any ratio, brown sugar and water.
Description: the environment-friendly ferment prepared from the raw materials has the advantages of convenience and availability.
Further, the preparation method of the fruit and vegetable environment-friendly ferment comprises the following steps:
s1-1: crushing the raw peel lettuce peel, wherein the weight ratio is 0.5-1.5: 2 to 4: 9-11, weighing the mixture of the crushed raw peel and lettuce peel, brown sugar and water, mixing and stirring for 1h to obtain a mixed solution;
s1-2: regulating the pH value of the mixed solution to 4-5 by using a pH regulator, then adding a fermentation microbial inoculum A accounting for 6% of the mass of the mixed solution, and placing the mixed solution into a sealed tank to carry out sealed fermentation in a dark environment at the fermentation temperature of 24-28 ℃ for 15-25 days; during fermentation, when the air pressure in the sealed tank starts to decrease after rising, sealing is not performed, a fermentation inoculant B accounting for 6% of the mass of the mixed solution is added, and stirring and ventilation fermentation are performed;
s1-3: filtering the fermented mixed solution, and evaporating water to obtain the environment-friendly fruit and vegetable ferment;
the zymophyte agent A is prepared from saccharomycetes: bifidobacteria: the mass ratio of streptococcus thermophilus is 3:1:2, mixing the materials in proportion; the fermentation inoculant B is prepared from lactobacillus: acetic acid bacteria: the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis is 1:2:1, wherein the number of viable bacteria in the fermentation bacteria A and B is 0.5X10 or more 10 cfu/g。
Description: by utilizing the respiration characteristics of aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria and controlling the addition sequence of the bacteria in the fermentation broth, the method can enable a plurality of bacteria to breathe in an aerobic way and breathe in an anaerobic way correspondingly, enable a large amount of bacteria to multiply, and enable enzymes to be accumulated rapidly, so that fruits and vegetables can be made into environment-friendly enzymes rapidly and fully.
Further, the pH regulator is citric acid.
Description: by using citric acid as a regulator, the citric acid is plant acid, so that the generation of the environment-friendly ferment is promoted, and the generation of the environment-friendly ferment is free from redundant influence.
Further, the rice straw biochar is powdery biochar with carbon content of 90-92% and ash content of less than or equal to 6% prepared from rice straw as a raw material.
Description: the straw biochar has a stable aromatic structure, so that the stability of organic carbon in farmland soil is greatly enhanced, and the high porosity and the specific surface area can play a role in retaining quick-acting nitrogen and phosphorus in soil.
Further, the preparation method of the powdery biochar comprises the following steps:
1) Boiling crushed and washed rice straw in water at 100 ℃ for 30-40 min, filtering, drying, grinding, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve to obtain solid;
2) Heating the solid obtained in the step 1) in a high-temperature furnace under inert gas, heating to 350-450 ℃ from room temperature, and carbonizing for 1-2 h to obtain carbonized products;
3) Mixing the carbonized product with an activator accounting for 5 percent of the mass of the carbonized product, drying, and introducing CO with the volume concentration of 2.5 to 4.5 percent 2 Then placing the mixture into a high-temperature furnace to calcine for 40-80 min at 450-550 ℃ and sieving the mixture to obtain powdered biochar;
the activator is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hydroxide, 2-hydroxyethylamine and ultrapure water, and the mass ratio is 10:5:8, mixing and preparing.
Description: the powdery biochar prepared by the method can improve the pore structure, change the surface charge, improve the anion adsorption capacity, optimize the composting system structure, promote the fermentation of microbial agents, realize rapid composting and improve the composting efficiency.
Further, in the step S2, from top to bottom, the amount of the decomposing inoculant added into each layer of material is reduced by 5% of the total amount of the decomposing inoculant compared with the lower layer.
Description: through the adoption of the mode, the decomposing inoculant is added, so that the fermentation of materials is more uniform and sufficient, and the fermentation efficiency is remarkably improved.
Further, the decomposing inoculant is prepared by modifying environment-friendly ferment and rice straw biochar.
Description: the environment-friendly ferment and the rice straw biochar are used as raw materials, so that multiple utilization of materials can be realized.
Further, the modification method is as follows, 3:1:2, weighing the environment-friendly ferment, the rice straw biochar and the modifier, and stirring for 2 hours at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ to obtain the decomposing agent, wherein the modifier is polyacrylamide and rhamnolipid in a ratio of 5:1, and adding bacillus subtilis accounting for 10% of the mass ratio of the rhamnolipid.
Description: through the modification method, the environment-friendly ferment and the rice straw biochar can be fully utilized, meanwhile, the polyacrylamide can play a remarkable role in regulating and controlling moisture, the material can be fluffed after the polyacrylamide is expanded by water, the air permeability of the material is improved, the material pile is enabled to keep air circulation everywhere, composting is promoted, fertilizers and carriers can be provided for the microbial inoculum through rhamnolipid, the fermentation process can be further accelerated through the addition of bacillus subtilis, and the composting efficiency is improved.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) According to the invention, the environment-friendly ferment and the rice straw biochar are adopted, so that the composting maturity can be effectively improved, the goose manure stacking mechanism can be improved, the fluffiness is increased, the conductivity, the initial water content and the loss amount of organic matters of the compost can be obviously reduced by adding the rice straw biochar, meanwhile, the problem that the initial carbon-nitrogen ratio is high due to the biochar is solved, the composting can be faster, the goose manure composting maturity is improved, the recycling of the goose manure is realized faster and more effectively, the availability of the livestock manure is improved, and the recycling of solid wastes is realized while the pollution is reduced.
(2) In the composting process, the temperature and the moisture are controlled, the composting degree of the compost is effectively improved, the composting time is reduced, the composted fertilizer can be reused, and the recycling economy is realized; the treatment method has the advantages of good stability, low cost, simple treatment mode and short time consumption, so that the goose manure is more efficiently prepared into the fertilizer, and the goose manure is recycled and utilized, and is particularly suitable for treating the livestock manure in large and medium pastures.
(3) According to the invention, the environment-friendly ferment and the rice straw biochar are prepared; by utilizing the respiration characteristics of aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria, the sequence of adding the microbial inoculum into the fermentation broth is controlled, so that a plurality of microbial inoculum can correspondingly perform aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration, a large amount of microbial inoculum can be propagated, and ferment can be rapidly accumulated, thereby realizing rapid and full preparation of the fruit and vegetable into the environment-friendly ferment; the prepared rice straw organism can improve the pore structure of the stacking, change the surface charge to improve the anion adsorption capacity of the rice straw organism, optimize the composting system structure, promote the fermentation of a microbial inoculum, further realize rapid composting and improve the composting efficiency.
(4) According to the invention, by arranging the composting mode, the fermentation of materials is more uniform and sufficient, the fermentation efficiency is obviously improved, the modification method can fully utilize the environment-friendly ferment and the rice straw biochar, meanwhile, the composting agent can play a remarkable role in regulating and controlling moisture, the materials are fluffed, the composting is promoted, fertilizers and carriers can be provided for the microbial inoculum through the rhamnolipid, the fermentation process can be further accelerated through the addition of bacillus subtilis, and the composting efficiency is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the carbon to nitrogen ratio data obtained in example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the T value data obtained in example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the GI values obtained in example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3;
Detailed Description
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following embodiments to better embody the advantages of the invention.
Example 1:
a method for improving the composting degree of goose manure by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and rice straw biochar comprises the following steps:
s1, feeding and mixing:
respectively adding 2% of environment-friendly ferment and 10% of rice straw biochar into 100kg of goose manure, uniformly mixing, and adding water to adjust the water content to 60% to form a material; the environment-friendly ferment is an environment-friendly ferment for fruits and vegetables, which is prepared from green peel lettuce barks, brown sugar and water; the rice straw biochar is powdery biochar with carbon content of 90-92% and ash content of 3-6% prepared by taking rice straw as a raw material;
s2, layering and stacking:
weighing a decomposing inoculant accounting for 10% of the weight of the material; stacking the materials obtained in the step S1 by 5 layers, wherein each layer is 55cm thick; uniformly spreading a decomposing inoculant on each layer of material for stacking; then covering with plastic cloth, and monitoring the real-time temperature; wherein, from top to bottom, the amount of the decomposing inoculant added into each layer of material is reduced by 5% of the total amount of the decomposing inoculant compared with the lower layer;
s3, composting and decomposing:
composting is carried out in an aerobic composting mode, and the composting period is 33 days; during the first two weeks of composting, when the temperature of the materials rises to 66 ℃, water is supplemented, the pile is turned over, and then water is supplemented once every 3 days; after the first two weeks, turning the materials for 1 time, and supplementing water once every 7 days, wherein the water supplementing amount is 1L each time;
then covering with plastic cloth, and monitoring the real-time temperature; the decomposing inoculant is prepared by modifying environment-friendly ferment and rice straw biochar;
the modification method is that,
3:1:2, weighing the environment-friendly ferment, the rice straw biochar and the modifier, and stirring for 2 hours at 35 ℃ to obtain the decomposing agent, wherein the modifier is polyacrylamide and rhamnolipid in a ratio of 5:1, adding bacillus subtilis accounting for 10% of the mass ratio of the rhamnolipid to prepare the rhamnolipid; the preparation method of the fruit and vegetable environment-friendly ferment comprises the following steps:
s1-1: crushing the raw peel lettuce peel, wherein the weight ratio is 1:3:10, weighing the mixture of the broken green peel and lettuce peel, brown sugar and water, and mixing and stirring for 1h to obtain a mixed solution; the weight ratio of the raw peel to the lettuce peel is 1:1, matching the proportions to obtain;
s1-2: regulating the pH value of the mixed solution to 4.5 by using a pH regulator, adding a fermentation microbial inoculum A accounting for 6% of the mass of the mixed solution, and placing the mixed solution into a sealed tank to perform sealed fermentation in a dark environment at a fermentation temperature of 26 ℃ for 20 days; during fermentation, when the air pressure in the sealed tank starts to decrease after rising, sealing is not performed, a fermentation inoculant B accounting for 6% of the mass of the mixed solution is added, and stirring and ventilation fermentation are performed;
s1-3: filtering the fermented mixed solution, and evaporating water to obtain the environment-friendly fruit and vegetable ferment;
the fermentation ofThe microbial inoculum A is prepared from saccharomycetes: bifidobacteria: the mass ratio of streptococcus thermophilus is 3:1:2, mixing the materials in proportion; the fermentation inoculant B is prepared from lactobacillus: acetic acid bacteria: the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis is 1:2:1, wherein the number of viable bacteria in the fermentation agent A and the fermentation agent B is 0.5X10 10 ～1.5×10 10 cfu/g range; the pH regulator is citric acid;
the preparation method of the powdery biochar comprises the following steps:
1) Boiling crushed and washed rice straw in water at 100 ℃ for 35min, filtering, drying, grinding, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve to obtain solid;
2) Heating the solid obtained in the step 1) in a high-temperature furnace under helium, heating to 400 ℃ from room temperature, and carbonizing for 1.5h to obtain carbonized products;
3) Mixing the carbonized product with an activator accounting for 5% of the mass of the carbonized product, drying, and introducing CO with the volume concentration of 3% 2 Then placing the mixture into a high-temperature furnace to calcine for 60min at 500 ℃, and sieving to obtain powdered biochar; the activator is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hydroxide, 2-hydroxyethylamine and ultrapure water, and the mass ratio is 10:5:8, mixing and preparing.
Example 2
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the raw material composition in step S1 is different: and (3) respectively adding the environment-friendly ferment accounting for 1% of the weight of the goose manure and the rice straw biochar accounting for 15% of the weight of the goose manure into the goose manure, uniformly mixing, and adding water to adjust the water content to be 50%, thereby forming the material.
Example 3
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the raw material composition in step S1 is different: and respectively adding 3% of environment-friendly ferment and 8% of rice straw biochar into the goose manure, uniformly mixing, and adding water to adjust the water content to 70%, thereby forming the material.
Example 4
The present example differs from example 1 in that the composting parameters in step S2 are different: the composting period is 32 days; during the first two weeks of composting, when the temperature of the materials rises to 65 ℃, water supplementing and turning are carried out. The piling and composting is that 4 layers of materials obtained in the step S1 are piled up, and each layer is 60cm thick; uniformly spreading a decomposing inoculant on each layer of material for stacking.
Example 5
The present example differs from example 1 in that the composting parameters in step S2 are different: the composting period is 34 days; during the first two weeks of composting, when the temperature of the materials rises to 68 ℃, water supplementing and pile turning are carried out, and the pile-up composting is as follows: stacking the materials obtained in the step S1 by 6 layers, wherein the thickness of each layer is 50cm; uniformly spreading a decomposing inoculant on each layer of material for stacking.
Example 6
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the preparation raw materials of the fruit and vegetable environment-friendly ferment have different proportions: in the step S1-1, the weight ratio is 0.5:4:9, weighing the mixture of the crushed raw peel and lettuce peel, brown sugar and water for mixing; the weight ratio of the raw peel to the lettuce peel is 1:3, matching the components in proportion.
Example 7
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the preparation raw materials of the fruit and vegetable environment-friendly ferment have different proportions: in the step S1-1, the weight ratio is 1.5:2:11, weighing the mixture of the crushed raw peel and lettuce peel, brown sugar and water for mixing; the weight ratio of the raw peel to the lettuce peel is 3:2, the proportion is matched.
Example 8
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the preparation parameters of the fruit and vegetable environment-friendly ferment are different, the pH value of the mixed solution is adjusted to 4 by the pH regulator in the step S1-2, the fermentation temperature is 24 ℃, and the fermentation time is 15 days.
Example 9
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the preparation parameters of the fruit and vegetable environment-friendly ferment are different, the pH value of the mixed solution is adjusted to 5 by the pH regulator in the step S1-2, the fermentation temperature is 28 ℃, and the fermentation time is 25 days.
Example 10
This example differs from example 1 in that the preparation time parameters of the powdered biochar are different: step 1), putting rice straw into water and boiling for 30min; step 2) carbonizing for 2h; step 3) calcining for 40min.
Example 11
This example differs from example 1 in that the preparation time parameters of the powdered biochar are different: step 1), putting rice straw into water and boiling for 40min; step 2) carbonizing for 1h; step 3) calcining for 80min.
Example 12
This example differs from example 1 in that the preparation temperature parameters of the powdered biochar are different: step 2) heating from room temperature to 350 ℃, and step 3) calcining at 450 ℃.
Example 13
This example differs from example 1 in that the preparation temperature parameters of the powdered biochar are different: step 2) heating from room temperature to 450 ℃, and step 3) calcining at 550 ℃.
Example 14
This example differs from example 1 in that the modification temperature is 30 ℃.
Example 15
This example differs from example 1 in that the modification temperature is 40 ℃.
Example 16
This example differs from example 1 in that the preparation method of powdered biochar step 3) CO 2 The volume concentration was 2.5%.
Example 17
This example differs from example 1 in that the preparation method of powdered biochar step 3) CO 2 The volume concentration was 4.5%.
Experimental example:
three indexes of carbon-nitrogen ratio (C/N), T value (initial carbon-nitrogen ratio/final carbon-nitrogen ratio) and seed Germination Index (GI) are adopted to evaluate the compost maturity; wherein GI is more than 80%, the pile body can be considered to be decomposed; the T value is less than 0.6, and the piled body can be considered to be decomposed; C/N is less than 16, namely the pile body can be considered to be decomposed;
1. exploring the treatment effects of the environment-friendly ferment and the rice straw biochar on the fermentation of the goose manure compost respectively;
comparative example 1: taking 100kg of goose manure as a material to perform composting fermentation, and performing other treatments in the same way as in the embodiment 1;
comparative example 2: taking 100kg of goose manure and 10kg of rice straw biochar as materials for composting fermentation, and carrying out the rest treatment in the same way as in the example 1;
comparative example 3: taking 100kg of goose manure and 2kg of environment-friendly ferment as materials for composting fermentation, and carrying out the rest treatment in the same way as in the embodiment 1;
comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1 to 3 were taken and the data of the treatment at 33 days was compared, as shown in Table 1,
TABLE 1 treatment effects of environmental protection ferment and rice straw biochar on goose manure composting fermentation respectively
| Parameters (parameters) | Carbon to nitrogen ratio | T value | Index of germination of seeds |
| Example 1 | 15.5 | 0.58 | 1.37 |
| Example 2 | 15.9 | 0.61 | 1.29 |
| Example 3 | 16.0 | 0.57 | 1.31 |
| Comparative example 1 | 18.1 | 0.61 | 0.78 |
| Comparative example 2 | 16.9 | 0.75 | 1.15 |
| Comparative example 3 | 16.2 | 0.68 | 1.21 |
As can be seen from table 1, the raw material ratios of comparative example 1, example 2, example 3, example 1 are more preferable; as can be seen from comparative examples 1 and 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3, the addition of the biochar from rice straw and the environmental-friendly ferment both have the accelerating effect on the decomposition, wherein the addition effect of both the biochar from rice straw and the environmental-friendly ferment is the best, namely, the embodiment 1 is better;
meanwhile, the data graphs of example 1, comparative example 2 and comparative example 3 are shown in fig. 1, fig. 2 and fig. 3; in the figure, CK is comparative example 1, GE is comparative example 3, BC is comparative example 2, GE+BC is example 1; from the graph, in the embodiment 1, the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the combined treatment of the environmental protection ferment and the rice straw biochar is the lowest and less than 16; the T value is the lowest and less than 0.6, the GI value is the highest, and the decomposition degree is the highest.
2. Exploring the treatment effect of different composting parameters on the composting fermentation of the goose manure through the T value;
comparative example 4: the composting mode is direct stacking, layering is not carried out, and a decomposing agent is directly scattered; the rest of the treatment was the same as in example 1;
taking example 1, example 4, example 5 and comparative example 4; the T-value data at 33 days of comparison, as in table 2,
TABLE 2 treatment effects of different composting parameters on goose manure composting fermentation
| Parameters (parameters) | T value |
| Example 1 | 0.58 |
| Example 4 | 0.59 |
| Example 5 | 0.61 |
| Comparative example 4 | 0.70 |
As can be seen from table 2, the parameters of comparative example 1, example 4 and example 5, example 1 are more preferable, and the parameters of comparative example 1 and comparative example 4 show that the composting mode of example 1 is more preferable.
3. Exploring the treatment effect of the environment-friendly ferment on the goose manure composting fermentation through the T value;
comparative example 5: taking 100kg of goose manure and 2kg of green environment-friendly natural plant enzyme sold in markets as materials for composting fermentation, and carrying out the rest treatment in the same way as in the example 1;
comparative example 6: in the step S1-2, the zymophyte agent A and the zymophyte agent B are added simultaneously, and stirring and ventilation fermentation are carried out; the rest of the treatment was the same as in example 1;
comparative example 7: the fermentation bacteria A adopts saccharomycetes, and the fermentation bacteria B adopts lactic acid bacteria; the rest of the treatment was the same as in example 1;
t value data were taken for example 1, example 6, example 7, example 8 and example 9, comparative example 7, comparative example 5, comparative example 6 at 33 days, as shown in Table 3,
TABLE 3 treatment effect of environmental protection ferment on goose manure composting fermentation
| Parameters (parameters) | T value |
| Example 1 | 0.58 |
| Example 6 | 0.62 |
| Example 7 | 0.59 |
| Example 8 | 0.61 |
| Example 9 | 0.63 |
| Comparative example 5 | 0.81 |
| Comparative example 6 | 0.70 |
| Comparative example 7 | 0.75 |
As can be seen from table 3, the preparation raw materials of the environment-friendly fruit and vegetable ferment of comparative example 1, example 6 and example 7 are better in proportion; comparative example 1, example 8 and example 9, the preparation parameters of the environment-friendly fruit and vegetable ferment of example 1 are better; comparative examples 1 and 7, 5 and 6 show that the mode of example 1 and the use of the fermentation broth are preferred.
3. The treatment effect of rice straw biochar on goose manure composting fermentation is explored through a T value;
comparative example 8: taking 100kg of goose manure and 10kg of rice straw biochar of Henan Jiahe water purification material Co., ltd as materials for composting fermentation, and carrying out the rest treatment in the same way as in the example 1;
comparative example 9: the activator is zinc chloride, 2-hydroxyethylamine and ultrapure water, and the mass ratio is 10:5:8, and the rest is the same as that of the example 1;
comparative example 10: calcination was performed without adding an activator, and the rest of the treatment was the same as in example 1;
t value data obtained when example 1, example 6, example 7, example 8 and example 9, comparative example 10, comparative example 8, comparative example 9 were compared for 33 days, as shown in Table 4,
TABLE 4 treatment effect of Rice straw biochar on goose manure composting fermentation
| Parameters (parameters) | T value |
| Example 1 | 0.58 |
| Examples10 | 0.65 |
| Example 11 | 0.67 |
| Example 12 | 0.64 |
| Example 13 | 0.62 |
| Comparative example 8 | 0.89 |
| Comparative example 9 | 0.75 |
| Comparative example 10 | 0.80 |
As can be seen from table 4, the preparation time parameters of the rice straw biochar of comparative example 1, example 10 and example 11 are more optimal, and the preparation temperature parameters of the rice straw biochar of comparative example 1, example 12 and example 13, example 1 are more optimal; comparative example 1 and comparative examples 10, 8 and 9 show that the rice straw biochar prepared in example 1 is preferable.
4. The treatment effect of different decomposition agent modifications on goose manure composting fermentation is explored through a T value;
comparative example 10: the decomposition agent component is modified by using polyacrylamide alone as a modifier, and the rest of the treatment is the same as that of the example 1;
comparative example 11: no modification is performed in the components of the decomposing inoculant, and 3:1:2, weighing and stirring the environment-friendly ferment, the rice straw biochar and the ultrapure water according to the mass ratio, and performing the rest treatment in the same way as in the example 1;
t value data at 33 days of comparison were taken for example 1 with example 14, example 15, comparative example 12, comparative example 11, as shown in Table 5,
TABLE 5 treatment effects of different decomposition agent modifications on goose manure composting fermentation
| Parameters (parameters) | T value |
| Example 1 | 0.58 |
| Example 14 | 0.64 |
| Example 15 | 0.66 |
| Comparative example 11 | 0.70 |
| Comparative example 12 | 0.86 |
From Table 5, it can be seen that comparative example 1 and examples 14 and 15 show that the different modification temperatures involved in the decomposition have an effect, wherein example 1 is preferred; comparative example 1 and comparative examples 12 and 11, the decomposing inoculant in example 1 is preferable.
5. Investigation of different COs by T values 2 The concentration is effective in fermenting goose manure;
comparative example 13: CO not introduced in step 3) 2 By inertia ofIntroducing helium as a sex gas; the rest of the treatment was the same as in example 1;
the T value data at 33 days of comparison were taken for example 1 with example 14, example 15, comparative example 13, as shown in table 6,
TABLE 6 different COs 2 Treatment effect of concentration on goose manure composting fermentation
| Parameters (parameters) | T value |
| Example 1 | 0.58 |
| Example 16 | 0.63 |
| Example 17 | 0.62 |
| Comparative example 13 | 0.71 |
As can be seen from Table 6, comparing example 1 with example 16 and example 17, it can be seen that different COs are present 2 The concentration of powdered biochar obtained has an effect on the decomposition, with example 1 being preferred; comparative example 1 and comparative example 12 show that example 1 has a better treatment effect.
Claims (9)
1. The method for improving the composting degree of goose manure by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and rice straw biochar is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, feeding and mixing:
respectively adding 1-3% of environment-friendly ferment and 8-15% of rice straw biochar into the goose manure, uniformly mixing, and adding water to adjust the water content to 50-70%, thereby forming a material;
s2, layering and stacking:
weighing a decomposing inoculant accounting for 10% of the weight of the material; stacking 4-6 layers of the materials obtained in the step S1, wherein the thickness of each layer is 50-60 cm; uniformly spreading a decomposing inoculant on each layer of material for stacking, and monitoring the real-time temperature;
s3, composting and decomposing:
composting is carried out in an aerobic composting mode, and the composting period is 32-34 days; during the first two weeks of composting, when the temperature of the materials is raised to 65-68 ℃, water is supplemented, and the pile is turned over, and then water is supplemented once every 3 days; after the first two weeks, the materials are turned over and piled for 1 time, and water is supplemented once every 7 days until the composting treatment is completed, wherein the water supplementing amount is 1L/100kg of goose manure each time.
2. The method for improving the decomposition degree of goose manure by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and biochar according to claim 1, wherein the environment-friendly ferment in the step S1 is prepared from a mixture of green peel and lettuce peel according to any ratio, brown sugar and water.
3. The method for improving the decomposition degree of goose manure by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and biochar according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the preparation method of the environment-friendly ferment for fruits and vegetables is as follows:
s1-1: crushing the raw peel lettuce peel, wherein the weight ratio is 0.5-1.5: 2 to 4: 9-11, weighing the mixture of the crushed raw peel and lettuce peel, brown sugar and water, mixing and stirring for 1h to obtain a mixed solution;
s1-2: regulating the pH value of the mixed solution to 4-5 by using a pH regulator, then adding a fermentation microbial inoculum A accounting for 6% of the mass of the mixed solution, and placing the mixed solution into a sealed tank to carry out sealed fermentation in a dark environment at the fermentation temperature of 24-28 ℃ for 15-25 days; during fermentation, when the air pressure in the sealed tank starts to decrease after rising, sealing is not performed, a fermentation inoculant B accounting for 6% of the mass of the mixed solution is added, and stirring and ventilation fermentation are performed;
s1-3: filtering the fermented mixed solution, and evaporating water to obtain the environment-friendly fruit and vegetable ferment;
the zymophyte agent A is prepared from saccharomycetes: bifidobacteria: the mass ratio of streptococcus thermophilus is 3:1:2, mixing the materials in proportion; the fermentation inoculant B is prepared from lactobacillus: acetic acid bacteria: the mass ratio of the bacillus subtilis is 1:2:1, wherein the number of viable bacteria in the fermentation bacteria A and B is 0.5X10 or more 10 cfu/g。
4. The method for improving the decomposition degree of goose manure by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and biochar according to claim 3, wherein the pH regulator is citric acid.
5. The method for improving the decomposition degree of goose manure by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and biochar, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that the rice straw biochar is prepared into powdery biochar with carbon content of 90-92% and ash content of less than or equal to 6% by taking rice straw as a raw material.
6. The method for improving the decomposition degree of goose manure by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and biochar according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the preparation method of the powdery biochar comprises the following steps:
1) Boiling crushed and washed rice straw in water at 100 ℃ for 30-40 min, filtering, drying, grinding, and sieving with a 20-mesh sieve to obtain solid;
2) Heating the solid obtained in the step 1) in a high-temperature furnace under inert gas, heating to 350-450 ℃ from room temperature, and carbonizing for 1-2 h to obtain carbonized products;
3) Mixing the carbonized product with an activator accounting for 5 percent of the mass of the carbonized product, drying, and introducing CO with the volume concentration of 2.5 to 4.5 percent 2 Then placing the mixture into a high-temperature furnace to calcine for 40-80 min at 450-550 ℃ and sieving the mixture to obtain powdered biochar;
the activator is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hydroxide, 2-hydroxyethylamine and ultrapure water, and the mass ratio is 10:5:8, mixing and preparing.
7. The method for improving the decomposition degree of goose manure by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and biochar according to claim 1, wherein the sprinkling amount of each layer of decomposition agent in the step S2 is as follows: from top to bottom, the amount of the decomposing inoculant added into each layer of material is reduced by 5% of the total amount of the decomposing inoculant compared with the lower layer.
8. The method for improving the decomposition degree of goose manure by comprehensively utilizing the environment-friendly ferment and the biochar, which is disclosed in claim 1, is characterized in that the decomposition agent is prepared by modifying the environment-friendly ferment and the biochar of rice straw.
9. The method for improving the decomposition degree of goose manure by comprehensively utilizing environment-friendly ferment and biochar according to claim 8, wherein the modification method is characterized in that the modification method comprises the following steps of: 1:2, weighing the environment-friendly ferment, the rice straw biochar and the modifier, and stirring for 2 hours at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ to obtain the decomposing agent, wherein the modifier is polyacrylamide and rhamnolipid in a ratio of 5:1, and adding bacillus subtilis accounting for 10% of the mass ratio of the rhamnolipid.
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