CN114788493A - Method for breeding sugarcane super-high-sugar germplasm by high-sugar germplasm hybridization - Google Patents
Method for breeding sugarcane super-high-sugar germplasm by high-sugar germplasm hybridization Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
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- TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbendazim Natural products C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 TWFZGCMQGLPBSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbendazim Chemical compound C1=C[CH]C2=NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1 JNPZQRQPIHJYNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000006013 carbendazim Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000009394 selective breeding Methods 0.000 claims 2
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- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/55—Sugar cane
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
- A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
- A01H1/10—Processes for modifying non-agronomic quality output traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits
- A01H1/101—Processes for modifying non-agronomic quality output traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits involving biosynthetic or metabolic pathways, i.e. metabolic engineering, e.g. nicotine or caffeine
- A01H1/102—Processes for modifying non-agronomic quality output traits, e.g. for industrial processing; Value added, non-agronomic traits involving biosynthetic or metabolic pathways, i.e. metabolic engineering, e.g. nicotine or caffeine involving modified carbohydrate or sugar alcohol metabolism, e.g. starch biosynthesis
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Abstract
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for breeding sugarcane super-high-sugar germplasm by high-sugar germplasm hybridization, which comprises the following steps: s1, soaking sugarcane seeds to be hybridized in a soaking solution before seeding to obtain soaked seeds. S2, planting the soaked seeds into a seedling raising matrix, and watering thoroughly once. S3, after the seed sprouts of the soaked seeds germinate, watering the seeds thoroughly again, transplanting the seeds into a barrel filled with a parent culture matrix, watering the seeds thoroughly, watering liquid fertilizer, performing photoperiod induction on sugarcane parents until 4 months of the next year, and performing pairwise hybridization between the parents when 2 months of the next year is 10-10 to obtain hybrid seeds. And S4, harvesting the hybrid seeds, sowing, managing the seedling period, heeling in, planting, screening sexual generations, and repeating S1-S4 to obtain the ultra-high sugar germplasm.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a method for breeding sugarcane super-high-sugar germplasm by high-sugar germplasm hybridization.
Background
Sugar cane is a temperate and tropical crop, a raw material for sucrose production, and ethanol can be extracted as an energy substitute. There are over a hundred countries around the world that produce sugar cane, the largest sugar cane producing countries being brazil, india and china. The sugarcane contains rich sugar and water, also contains various vitamins, fat, protein, organic acid, calcium, iron and other substances which are very beneficial to the metabolism of a human body, and is mainly used for sugar making and fruit eating.
In order to improve the quality of sugarcane, one of the common methods is to perform hybridization on sugarcane, so as to obtain a higher-quality sugarcane variety. One of the difficult problems of sugarcane crossbreeding is that the flowering time among different types of parents is not met, the breeding target characters among the parents with the flowering time meeting do not meet the high-sugar breeding target requirement, and the cross breeding of the sugarcane is not high in breeding efficiency as a result of the Langerhans. The invention starts from screening of high-sugar germplasm of different types, improves matrixes, screening technologies and the like of different links of sugarcane parent culture, flowering phase induction, hybrid seed production, seedling culture, temporary planting, field planting to screening of sugarcane sexual generations and the like, screens out a method for creating high-sugar and ultrahigh-sugar germplasm by hybridizing among high-sugar germplasm of different blood margin types, greatly improves the efficiency of screening the high-sugar germplasm and shortens the time for obtaining the high-sugar germplasm, and the selection rate of the high-sugar ultrahigh-sugar germplasm reaches 15.72 percent.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for breeding sugarcane super-high-sugar germplasm by high-sugar germplasm hybridization, which comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the sugarcane high-sugar variety (A), the Yunry high-sugar variety (B), the Yunry high-sugar parent germplasm (C) and the cultivation stock (D) to be hybridized into seeds in batches in 10-12 months each year, cutting the seeds into single buds, and soaking the single buds in a soaking solution for 10-15min each time to obtain soaked seeds A, B, C, D.
S2, planting the soaked seeds A, B, C, D into a seedling bed seedling raising substrate, watering thoroughly once, and covering with a mulching film to keep the temperature and humidity of the seedling bed.
S3, when the A, B, C, D soaked seeds sprout, transplanting the seeds into a barrel filled with a parent culture substrate, watering 3-8 seedlings in each barrel thoroughly every day or every 1 day, watering liquid fertilizer every 10-15 days, keeping soil humidity, ensuring normal growth of the seedlings till 4-6 months of the next year, moving the parents to a flowering phase induction vehicle in batches according to the flowering habits of the planted parents, and carrying out photoperiod induction. And (5) performing pairwise hybridization between A, B, C, D according to the flowering time of the parents from 10 months to 2 months of the next year to obtain hybrid seeds.
And S4, harvesting, sowing and seedling management of hybrid seeds are carried out in 2-3 months per year.
Soaking seeds in a seed soaking solution before sowing, covering a seedling raising tray with a double-layer arched film after sowing, observing the temperature and humidity under the film every day, timely replenishing water, ventilating and transmitting light, watering liquid fertilizer once every 6-7 days until seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, heeling in, repeating the seedling stage management steps, planting the seedlings on a field or a close planting seedling bed according to the conventional method or close planting when the leaves 6-7 are grown, screening the seedlings of the sexual generation of the sugarcane till 12-3 months of the next year, and repeating S1-S4 to obtain the high-sugar germplasm.
Further, according to the hybridization plan, the steps S1-S4 are repeated until the target hybrid is obtained.
Further, the soaking solution of step S1 includes carbendazim; the carbendazim wettable powder with the concentration of 1 percent can kill bacteria on the surface of seeds and prevent damping-off and phoenix in seedling stage
Diseases, etc.
Further, the parent planting matrix of S2-S3 comprises: by mass, 100 parts of planting soil and 30-50 parts of fermented bagasse organic fertilizer.
Further, the preparation method of the seedling raising substrate of S4 is as follows: firstly, putting the formula in 100 parts of soil, 50-80 parts of bagasse and 5-10 parts of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium 15: 15: 15 parts of compound fertilizer, 2-3 parts of potassium sulfate and 10-15 parts of river sand are fully and uniformly mixed, stacked in a fermentation tank, watered thoroughly, covered tightly with a mulching film and fully fermented to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
Further, the preparation method of the seed soaking solution in steps S3 and S4 is: firstly, 5 parts of 50 percent carbendazim wettable powder and 50 parts of water are prepared to prepare 1 percent carbendazim liquid
Further, the step S4 of applying the liquid fertilizer during the seedling cultivation period includes: 100 parts of water and 0.01-0.03 part of urea in parts by mass.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method greatly improves the efficiency of obtaining the high-sugar ultrahigh-sugar germplasm, the selection rate of the ultrahigh-sugar germplasm with the brix of more than 26% in 2 months can reach 11.64%, and 3 parts of germplasm with the brix of more than 30% are obtained.
2. The method for breeding the sugarcane germplasm with ultrahigh sugar and ultrahigh sugar quality obtains a batch of the germplasm materials with the brix higher than 26% and 30% by utilizing the mutual hybridization between the high-sugar type parents and the high-sugar corice parents, and creates a new record for breeding the sugarcane germplasm with ultrahigh sugar.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below.
Example 1
A method for breeding sugarcane ultra-high-sugar germplasm by high-sugar germplasm hybridization comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the sugarcane high-sugar variety (A) to be hybridized and the Yunrie high-sugar variety (B) in batches in 10-12 months per year, and cutting the sugarcane high-sugar variety (A) and the Yunrie high-sugar variety (B) into single buds, wherein the single buds are soaked in a soaking solution for 10-15min, preferably 12min each time to obtain soaked seeds A, B;
s2, planting A, B soaked seeds into a seedbed seedling raising matrix, watering thoroughly once, and covering with a mulching film to keep the temperature and humidity of the seedbed;
s3, when the A, B soaked seeds sprout, transplanting the seeds into a barrel filled with a parent culture substrate, watering 5 seedlings in each barrel thoroughly every day or every 1 day, watering liquid fertilizer every 10-15 days, keeping soil humidity, ensuring the normal growth of the seedlings till 4-6 months of the next year, transplanting the parents to a flowering phase induction vehicle in batches according to the flowering habit of the planted parents, and carrying out photoperiod induction. And performing A, B crossing according to the flowering time of the parents to obtain the target hybrid seeds from 10 months to 2 months in the next year.
And S4, harvesting, sowing and seedling management of the hybrid seeds are carried out in 2-3 months per year. Soaking seeds with a seed soaking solution before sowing, covering a seedling raising tray with a double-layer arched film after sowing, observing the temperature and humidity under the film every day, supplementing water, ventilating and transmitting light timely, watering liquid fertilizer once every 6-7 days until seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, heeling in, repeating the seedling stage management steps, planting the seedlings on a field or a close planting seedling bed according to the conventional method or close planting when the leaves grow to 6-7 leaves, screening the seedlings of the sugarcane sexual generation until 12-3 months, and repeating S1-S4 to obtain the high-sugar germplasm.
Example 2
A method for breeding sugarcane ultra-high-sugar germplasm by high-sugar germplasm hybridization comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the sugarcane high-sugar variety (A) to be hybridized and the Munry high-sugar parent germplasm (C) into seeds in batches in 10-12 months per year, cutting the seeds into single buds, and soaking the single buds in a soaking solution for 10-15min, preferably 12min, so as to obtain soaked seeds A, C;
s2, planting A, C soaked seeds into a seedbed seedling culture medium, watering thoroughly once, and covering with a mulching film to keep the temperature and humidity of the seedbed;
s3, when A, C kinds of buds to be soaked germinate, transplanting the seeds to a barrel filled with parent culture medium firstly, watering 5 seedlings in each barrel once every day or every 1 day, watering liquid fertilizer once every 10-15 days, keeping soil humidity, ensuring normal growth of the seedlings till 4-6 months of the next year, transplanting the parents to a flowering induction vehicle in batches according to the flowering habit of the planted parents, and carrying out photoperiod induction. And performing A, C crossing according to the flowering time of the parents to obtain the target hybrid seeds from 10 months to 2 months in the next year.
And S4, harvesting, sowing and seedling management of hybrid seeds are carried out in 2-3 months per year. Soaking seeds in a seed soaking solution before sowing, covering a seedling raising tray with a double-layer arched film after sowing, observing the temperature and humidity under the film every day, timely replenishing water, ventilating and transmitting light, watering liquid fertilizer once every 6-7 days until seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, heeling in, repeating the seedling stage management steps, planting the seedlings on a field or a close planting seedling bed according to the conventional method or close planting when the leaves 6-7 are grown, screening the seedlings of the sexual generation of the sugarcane till 12-3 months of the next year, and repeating S1-S4 to obtain the high-sugar germplasm.
Example 3
A method for breeding sugarcane ultra-high-sugar germplasm by high-sugar germplasm hybridization comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the Munry high-sugar variety (B) to be hybridized and the Munry high-sugar parent germplasm (C) into seeds in batches in 10-12 months per year, cutting the seeds into single buds, and soaking the seeds in a soaking solution for 10-15min, preferably 12min each time to obtain soaked seeds B, C;
s2, planting B, C soaked seeds into a seedbed seedling culture medium, watering thoroughly once, and covering with a mulching film to keep the temperature and humidity of the seedbed;
s3, when B, C kinds of buds to be soaked germinate, transplanting the seeds to a barrel filled with parent culture medium firstly, watering 5 seedlings in each barrel once every day or every 1 day, watering liquid fertilizer once every 10-15 days, keeping soil humidity, ensuring normal growth of the seedlings till 4-6 months of the next year, transplanting the parents to a flowering induction vehicle in batches according to the flowering habit of the planted parents, and carrying out photoperiod induction. And performing pairwise hybridization between B, C according to the flowering time of the parents from 10 months to 2 months in the next year to obtain the target hybrid.
And S4, harvesting, sowing and seedling management of the hybrid seeds are carried out in 2-3 months per year. Soaking seeds in a seed soaking solution before sowing, covering a seedling raising tray with a double-layer arched film after sowing, observing the temperature and humidity under the film every day, timely replenishing water, ventilating and transmitting light, watering liquid fertilizer once every 6-7 days until seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, heeling in, repeating the seedling stage management steps, planting the seedlings on a field or a close planting seedling bed according to the conventional method or close planting when the leaves 6-7 are grown, screening the seedlings of the sexual generation of the sugarcane till 12-3 months of the next year, and repeating S1-S4 to obtain the high-sugar germplasm.
Example 4
A method for breeding sugarcane ultra-high-sugar germplasm by high-sugar germplasm hybridization comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the Yunry high-sugar parent germplasm (C) to be hybridized and the cultivation stock (D) into seeds in batches in 10-12 months per year, cutting the seeds into single buds, and soaking the single buds in a soaking solution for 10-15min, preferably 12min each time to obtain soaked seeds C, D;
s2, planting C, D soaked seeds into a seedbed seedling raising matrix, watering thoroughly once, and covering with a mulching film to keep the temperature and humidity of the seedbed;
s3, when C, D kinds of buds to be soaked germinate, transplanting the seeds to a barrel filled with parent culture medium firstly, watering 5 seedlings in each barrel once every day or every 1 day, watering liquid fertilizer once every 10-15 days, keeping soil humidity, ensuring normal growth of the seedlings till 4-6 months of the next year, transplanting the parents to a flowering induction vehicle in batches according to the flowering habit of the planted parents, and carrying out photoperiod induction. And performing pairwise hybridization between C, D according to the flowering time of the parents from 10 months to 2 months of the next year to obtain the target hybrid.
And S4, harvesting, sowing and seedling management of the hybrid seeds are carried out in 2-3 months per year. Soaking seeds in a seed soaking solution before sowing, covering a seedling raising tray with a double-layer arched film after sowing, observing the temperature and humidity under the film every day, timely replenishing water, ventilating and transmitting light, watering liquid fertilizer once every 6-7 days until seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, heeling in, repeating the seedling stage management steps, planting the seedlings on a field or a close planting seedling bed according to the conventional method or close planting when the leaves 6-7 are grown, screening the seedlings of the sexual generation of the sugarcane till 12-3 months of the next year, and repeating S1-S4 to obtain the high-sugar germplasm.
Example 5
A method for breeding sugarcane ultra-high-sugar germplasm by high-sugar germplasm cross breeding comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the Yunry high-sugar variety (B) to be hybridized and the cultivation stock (D) into seeds in batches in 10-12 months per year, cutting the seeds into single buds, and soaking the single buds in a soaking solution for 10-15min, preferably 12min, so as to obtain soaked seeds B, D;
s2, planting B, D soaked seeds into a seedbed seedling raising matrix, watering thoroughly once, and covering with a mulching film to keep the temperature and humidity of the seedbed;
s3, when B, D kinds of buds to be soaked germinate, transplanting the seeds to a barrel filled with parent culture medium firstly, watering 5 seedlings in each barrel once every day or every 1 day, watering liquid fertilizer once every 10-15 days, keeping soil humidity, ensuring normal growth of the seedlings till 4-6 months of the next year, transplanting the parents to a flowering induction vehicle in batches according to the flowering habit of the planted parents, and carrying out photoperiod induction. And performing pairwise hybridization between B, D according to the flowering time of the parents from 10 months to 2 months in the next year to obtain the target hybrid.
And S4, harvesting, sowing and seedling management of hybrid seeds are carried out in 2-3 months per year. Soaking seeds in a seed soaking solution before sowing, covering a seedling raising tray with a double-layer arched film after sowing, observing the temperature and humidity under the film every day, timely replenishing water, ventilating and transmitting light, watering liquid fertilizer once every 6-7 days until seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, heeling in, repeating the seedling stage management steps, planting the seedlings on a field or a close planting seedling bed according to the conventional method or close planting when the leaves 6-7 are grown, screening the seedlings of the sexual generation of the sugarcane till 12-3 months of the next year, and repeating S1-S4 to obtain the high-sugar germplasm.
Example 6
A method for breeding sugarcane ultra-high-sugar germplasm by high-sugar germplasm cross breeding comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the sugarcane high-sugar variety (A) to be hybridized and the cultivation stock (D) into seeds in batches in 10-12 months per year, cutting the seeds into single buds, and soaking the seeds in a soaking solution for 10-15min, preferably 12min each time to obtain soaked seeds A, D;
s2, planting A, D soaked seeds into a seedbed seedling raising matrix, watering thoroughly once, and covering with a mulching film to keep the temperature and humidity of the seedbed;
s3, when A, D kinds of buds to be soaked germinate, transplanting the seeds to a barrel filled with parent culture medium firstly, watering 5 seedlings in each barrel once every day or every 1 day, watering liquid fertilizer once every 10-15 days, keeping soil humidity, ensuring normal growth of the seedlings till 4-6 months of the next year, transplanting the parents to a flowering induction vehicle in batches according to the flowering habit of the planted parents, and carrying out photoperiod induction. And (5) hybridizing A, D according to the flowering time of the parents until 10 months to the next 2 months to obtain the target hybrid.
And S4, harvesting, sowing and seedling management of hybrid seeds are carried out in 2-3 months per year. Soaking seeds in a seed soaking solution before sowing, covering a seedling raising tray with a double-layer arched film after sowing, observing the temperature and humidity under the film every day, timely replenishing water, ventilating and transmitting light, watering liquid fertilizer once every 6-7 days until seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, heeling in, repeating the seedling stage management steps, planting the seedlings on a field or a close planting seedling bed according to the conventional method or close planting when the leaves 6-7 are grown, screening the seedlings of the sexual generation of the sugarcane till 12-3 months of the next year, and repeating S1-S4 to obtain the high-sugar germplasm.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the seed soaking solution of step S1 includes: carbendazim; the carbendazim wettable powder with the concentration of 1 percent can kill bacteria on the surface of seeds and prevent damping-off and phoenix in seedling stage
Diseases, etc.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the parent planting matrix of steps S2-S3 comprises, in parts by mass: by mass, 100 parts of planting soil and 30-50 parts of fermented bagasse organic fertilizer.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the preparation method of the seedling raising substrate in the step S4 comprises the following steps: firstly, putting the formula amount in 100 parts of soil, 50-80 parts of bagasse and 5-10 parts of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium 15: 15: 15 parts of compound fertilizer, 2-3 parts of potassium sulfate and 10-15 parts of river sand are fully and uniformly mixed, stacked in a fermentation tank, watered thoroughly, covered tightly with a mulching film and fully fermented to obtain the seedling culture substrate.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the preparation method of the seed soaking solution in steps S3 and S4 comprises: according to the mass parts, 5 parts of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 50 parts of water are prepared to prepare 1% carbendazim liquid.
According to an embodiment of the invention, the applying of the liquid fertilizer in the seedling cultivation period in the step S4 includes: 100 parts of water and 0.01-0.03 part of urea in parts by mass.
Examples 1-6 summarize the procedures for two-by-two cross breeding of four varieties of sugarcane high-sugar variety (A), Yunnan high-sugar variety (B), Yunnan high-sugar parent variety (C) and cultivation stock (D) under otherwise unchanged conditions, and the root brix census results of 200 seedlings per combination are obtained for 12 combinations: the high-sugar germplasm with the brix of 23-25.9 percent accounts for 24.48 percent of the total number of the investigation, the ultra-high-sugar germplasm with the brix of more than 26 percent accounts for 11.64 percent of the total number of the investigation, wherein the brix of 3 germplasms reaches or exceeds 30 percent and reaches the world leading level, the corresponding cane sugar is 24.77 percent, and the percentage is 7 percent higher than 17.77 percent of the Yun cane 08-1609 synchronization (2 months) popularized and applied in a large scale in production.
Example 7
A method for breeding sugarcane ultra-high-sugar germplasm by high-sugar germplasm cross breeding comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting high-sugar sugarcane varieties (A) to be hybridized and low-sugar strong-vigor seeds (E) in Yunrui into seeds in batches in 10-12 months per year, cutting the seeds into single buds, and soaking the seeds in a soaking solution for 10-15min, preferably 12min each time to obtain soaked seeds A, E;
s2, planting A, E soaked seeds into a seedbed seedling culture medium, watering thoroughly once, and covering with a mulching film to keep the temperature and humidity of the seedbed;
s3, when the A, E soaked seeds sprout, transplanting the seeds into a barrel filled with a parent culture substrate, watering 5 seedlings in each barrel thoroughly every day or every 1 day, watering liquid fertilizer every 10-15 days, keeping soil humidity, ensuring the normal growth of the seedlings till 4-6 months of the next year, transplanting the parents to a flowering phase induction vehicle in batches according to the flowering habit of the planted parents, and carrying out photoperiod induction. And performing A, E crossing according to the flowering time of the parents to obtain the target hybrid seeds from 10 months to 2 months in the next year.
And S4, harvesting, sowing and seedling management of hybrid seeds are carried out in 2-3 months per year. Soaking seeds in a seed soaking solution before sowing, covering a seedling raising tray with a double-layer arched film after sowing, observing the temperature and humidity under the film every day, timely replenishing water, ventilating and transmitting light, watering liquid fertilizer once every 6-7 days until seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, heeling in, repeating the seedling stage management steps, planting the seedlings on a field or a close planting seedling bed according to the conventional method or close planting when the leaves 6-7 are grown, screening the seedlings of the sexual generation of the sugarcane till 12-3 months of the next year, and repeating S1-S4 to obtain the high-sugar germplasm.
Example 8
A method for breeding sugarcane ultra-high-sugar germplasm by high-sugar germplasm cross breeding comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting seeds of a non-high-sugar ordinary parent (Y) and a Yunrui high-sugar parent germplasm (C) to be hybridized into single buds in batches in 10-12 months each year, and soaking the single buds in a soaking solution for 10-15min, preferably 12min each time to obtain soaked seeds Y, C;
s2, planting Y, C soaked seeds into a seedbed seedling culture medium, watering thoroughly once, and covering with a mulching film to keep the temperature and humidity of the seedbed;
s3, when the Y, C soaked seeds sprout, transplanting the seeds into a barrel filled with a parent culture substrate, watering 5 seedlings in each barrel thoroughly every day or every 1 day, watering liquid fertilizer every 10-15 days, keeping soil humidity, ensuring the normal growth of the seedlings till 4-6 months of the next year, transplanting the parents to a flowering phase induction vehicle in batches according to the flowering habit of the planted parents, and carrying out photoperiod induction. And (5) hybridizing Y, C according to the flowering time of the parents until 10 months to the next 2 months to obtain the target hybrid.
And S4, harvesting, sowing and seedling management of hybrid seeds are carried out in 2-3 months per year. Soaking seeds with a seed soaking solution before sowing, covering a seedling raising tray with a double-layer arched film after sowing, observing the temperature and humidity under the film every day, supplementing water, ventilating and transmitting light timely, watering liquid fertilizer once every 6-7 days until seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, heeling in, repeating the seedling stage management steps, planting the seedlings on a field or a close planting seedling bed according to the conventional method or close planting when the leaves grow to 6-7 leaves, screening the seedlings of the sugarcane sexual generation until 12-3 months, and repeating S1-S4 to obtain the high-sugar germplasm.
Examples 7, 8 are comparative examples of 1-6, other conditions are identical, example 7 changed germplasm crossed with sugar cane high sugar variety (a) to low sugar vigor in yunry (E), example 8 changed another parent crossed with yunry high sugar parent germplasm (C) to a common parent for sugar cane breeding (Y) at the same time in the same field, and we investigated the root brix census results of 200 seedlings for 7 combinations crossed according to examples 7, 8, each combination: the high-sugar quality with the brix of 23-25.9% accounts for 25.42% of the total investigation amount, the ultra-high-sugar quality with the brix of more than 26% accounts for 7.92% of the total investigation amount, and the ultra-high-sugar quality with the brix of 30% or more does not appear.
Examples 7 and 8 are the combination modes commonly applied in the current sugarcane breeding, and the obtained high-sugar germplasm with the brix of 23-25.9 percent accounts for 25.42 percent of the total investigation number and is slightly higher than 24.48 percent of the examples 1-6, which is the premise and the basis of the variety breeding in the sugarcane production application; the ultra-high-sugar germplasm with the brix of more than 26 percent accounts for 7.92 percent of the total investigation number, is lower than 11.64 percent of examples 1-6, and the ultra-high-sugar germplasm with the brix of 30 percent or more does not appear.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. A method for breeding sugarcane ultra-high-sugar germplasm by high-sugar germplasm hybridization is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, cutting sugarcane high-sugar variety (A), Yunrie high-sugar variety (B), Yunrie high-sugar parent germplasm (C) and cultivation stock (D) to be hybridized into seeds in batches in 10-12 months per year, cutting the seeds into single buds, and soaking the single buds in a soaking solution for 10-15min each time to obtain soaked seeds A, B, C, D;
s2, planting A, B, C, D soaked seeds into a seedbed seedling raising matrix, watering thoroughly once, and covering with a mulching film to keep the temperature and humidity of the seedbed;
s3, when A, B, C, D kinds of buds to be soaked germinate, transplanting the seeds to a barrel filled with a parent cultivation matrix, watering 3-8 seedlings in each barrel once every day or every 1 day, watering liquid fertilizer once every 10-15 days, keeping soil humidity, ensuring normal growth of the seedlings till 4-6 months of the next year, transplanting the parents to a flowering induction vehicle in batches according to the flowering habit of the planted parents, and performing light cycle induction; performing pairwise hybridization between A, B, C, D according to the flowering time of the parents to obtain hybrid seeds from 10 months to 2 months in the next year;
s4, harvesting, sowing and seedling management of hybrid seeds in 2-3 months per year;
soaking seeds in a seed soaking solution before sowing, covering a seedling raising tray with a double-layer arched film after sowing, observing the temperature and humidity under the film every day, timely replenishing water, ventilating and transmitting light, watering liquid fertilizer once every 6-7 days until seedlings grow to 2-3 leaves, heeling in, repeating the seedling stage management steps, planting the seedlings on a field or a close planting seedling bed according to the conventional method or close planting when the leaves 6-7 grow, screening the seedlings of the sexual generation of the sugarcane till 12-3 months of the next year, and repeating S1-S4 until high-sugar germplasm is obtained.
2. The method for selective breeding of sugarcane super-high-sugar germplasm by means of high-sugar germplasm hybridization according to claim 1, wherein the seed soaking solution in the step S1 comprises the following steps: carbendazim; the carbendazim wettable powder with the concentration of 1 percent can kill bacteria on the surface of seeds and prevent damping-off and phoenix in seedling stage
Diseases, etc.
3. The method for breeding the sugarcane super-high-sugar germplasm through the high-sugar germplasm hybridization according to claim 1, wherein the parent planting matrix in the steps S2-S3 comprises the following components in parts by weight: by mass, 100 parts of planting soil and 30-50 parts of fermented bagasse organic fertilizer.
4. The method for breeding the super-high-sugar germplasm of the sugarcane through the high-sugar germplasm hybridization according to claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the seedling raising matrix in the step S4 is as follows: firstly, putting the formula in 100 parts of soil, 50-80 parts of bagasse and 5-10 parts of nitrogen: phosphorus: potassium 15: 15: 15 parts of compound fertilizer, 2-3 parts of potassium sulfate and 10-15 parts of river sand are fully and uniformly mixed, stacked in a fermentation tank, watered thoroughly, covered tightly with a mulching film and fermented fully to obtain the seedling raising substrate.
5. The method for selective breeding of the super-high-sugar germplasm of sugarcane by high-sugar germplasm cross breeding according to any one of claim 1, wherein the preparation method of the seed soaking solution in the steps S3 and S4 is as follows: by mass, 5 parts of 50% carbendazim wettable powder and 50 parts of water are prepared to prepare 1% carbendazim solution.
6. The method for breeding the super-high-sugar germplasm of the sugarcane through the high-sugar germplasm cross breeding according to claim 1, wherein the step S4 of applying liquid fertilizer in the seedling cultivation period comprises the following steps: 100 parts of water and 0.01-0.03 part of urea in parts by mass.
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