CN103340154A - Rapid breeding method for bud development and transplantation of potato seeds - Google Patents
Rapid breeding method for bud development and transplantation of potato seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN103340154A CN103340154A CN2013102900927A CN201310290092A CN103340154A CN 103340154 A CN103340154 A CN 103340154A CN 2013102900927 A CN2013102900927 A CN 2013102900927A CN 201310290092 A CN201310290092 A CN 201310290092A CN 103340154 A CN103340154 A CN 103340154A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a rapid breeding method for bud development and transplantation of potato seeds. The method comprises the following steps of: carrying out pretreatment on potato seeds, namely selecting potato seeds which are not germinated, steeping the selected seeds by seed soaking liquid, and then draining the seeds taken out of the soaking liquid; accelerating germination of the potato seeds, namely putting the potato seeds and a germination medium on a germination bed at intervals for 3-4 layers, accelerating germination for 8-12 days at the temperature of 15-20 DEG C and in a moist state; carrying out seedling cultivation, wherein taking down the buds of 3cm-5cm from the potato seeds after accelerating germination, and transplanting the buds to a seedling cultivation bed after the buds are processed by a rooting agent; transplanting into a large field, namely cultivating the strong seedlings of 10cm-15cm in the seedbed, and transplanting the strong seedlings to a seed farm. The breeding method disclosed by the invention is small in sowing quantity, high in breeding coefficient and low in production cost, and the quality of the potato seeds is easily controlled.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crops raising technology field, relate in particular to a kind of fast breeding method of seed potato.
Background technology
The seed potato rank is divided into breeder's stock, original seed and land for growing field crops with planting.In the existing seed potato raising technology, breeder's stock is bred to adopt and is organized cultured method.The method of breeding employing breeder's stock whole photo sowing of original seed, brood is broadcast a potato seed, about every mu of sowing 5000 nests, needs 5000 of potato seeds, 4-5 of average every nest knot potato, than being 4-5 times, this technology reproduction coefficient is very low by number for reproduction coefficient, and the consumption of breeder's stock is big especially, by current breeder's stock market price 0.35-0.50 unit/grain, every mu needs consumption breeder's stock cost to reach 1750-2500 unit, the production cost height, and benefit is low.If self carries disease secretly potato seed, assorted, bad potato piece, be difficult at seeding time distinguishing, the potato seed stripping and slicing causes cross-infection again easily, if switch to a sick potato, under the situation of not changing the stripping and slicing cutter, can produce the cross-infection rate about 30 times, the potato seed field quality of production mainly is to carry out the field by the sweet potato grower to dial except sick, bad, assorted strain, dialling the disconnected row of the scarce nest that causes after removing can't remedy, quite big to yield effect, like this, will certainly be because of sweet potato grower's purpose of devoting exclusive attention to output, or in order to save man-hour, subjectively be unwilling to dial except sick, bad, therefore assorted strain influences the quality of potato seed.
And under existing technology, the potato seed stature of production is bigger, and it is bigger that numerous sowing quantity (by weight) is expanded in the next stage potato seed, the next stage potato seed expand numerous in, tend to bigger potato piece is carried out stripping and slicing, thereby increase the chance of cross-infection, influence the quality of potato seed.
Existing seed potato raising technology, sowing quantity is big, and reproduction coefficient is low, the production cost height, potato seed quality control difficulty is big.
Therefore, those skilled in the art is devoted to develop a kind of seed potato and breeds new technology, to reduce the potato seed consumption, improves reproduction coefficient, reduces production costs, and controls the potato seed quality easily, and can improve the potato seed quality.
Summary of the invention
Because the above-mentioned defective of prior art, technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of seed potato mating system.
For achieving the above object, the invention provides a kind of seed potato and educate bud transplanting fast breeding method, may further comprise the steps:
1) potato seed preliminary treatment
Get the potato seed of not sprouting, with the seed-soaking liquid seed soaking, pick up filter after the seed soaking and do;
2) potato seed vernalization
Potato seed is placed on the germination bed, with the alternate placement with the vernalization dielectric stratifying of potato seed, the about 3-4 layer of thickness, under 15 ℃-20 ℃ of temperature and moisture state, vernalization 8-12 days;
3) the bud seedling is cultivated
After the vernalization, treat that bud is long long to 3-5cm, bud taken off from potato seed, after bud is handled with root-growing agent, be transplanted to the bud seedling culture bed on;
4) field-transplanting
10-15cm height in strong sprout is cultivated in the seedbed, and seed farm is arrived in transplantation of seedlings.
Preferably, in the step 1), described seed-soaking liquid is Gibberellins solution, liquor potassic permanganate and/or thiourea solution.
Preferably, the concentration of described Gibberellins solution is 0.5-1ppm, and the concentration of described liquor potassic permanganate is mass ratio 0.1-0.2%, and the concentration of described thiourea solution is mass ratio 2%.
Preferably, described seed-soaking liquid is that the seed soaking time of Gibberellins solution or liquor potassic permanganate or Gibberellins solution and liquor potassic permanganate mixed liquor is 10-15 minute.
Described seed-soaking liquid is that the seed soaking time of thiourea solution is 20 minutes.
Preferably, step 2) germination bed is carton, trailing plants frame, wooden case or cement box described in, and described vernalization medium is river sand or pine soil.
Preferably, root-growing agent described in the step 3) is for adopting 98% Nafusaku 5-10ppm and 800-1000 times of liquid of 50% type carbendazim composite, and the potato bud that takes off dips in root-growing agent to be transplanted to the bud seedling again and to amass wealth by heavy taxation and support bed.
Preferably, the seedling of bud described in the step 3) is culture bed to be hole formula seedling-cultivating tray, every pit transplanting one strain bud.Used bed soil matrix matter was loam or detritus soil during the bud seedling was culture bed, and the pH value is 5.5-6.0, and bed soil matrix matter is used 60% loam, 20% well-rotted farmyard manure, 20% pine soil, tangerine bar powder or sawdust, 2%PNK content are 7: 7: 9 composite fertilizers, 0.1% carbendazim, the preparation of 0.1% chlorophos.
Preferably, in the step 4), with transplantation of seedlings to the spacing in the rows of seed farm be: the duplicate rows plantation, 1m opens the railway carriage or compartment, little line-spacing 40cm, wide row space 60cm, spacing in the rows 26-27cm.
The present invention utilizes a plurality of eyes of stem tuber of potato, each eye has a main bud and two accessory buds, under optimum conditions, the characteristics of a plurality of eyes on the stem tuber and major-minor bud rudiment simultaneously adopt and educate bud transplanting fast breeding, and a potato seed is to giving fewer birth bud 10 young plants, about every mu of sowing 5000 nests (strain), only need 500 of potato seeds, 4-5 of average every nest (strain) knot potato, reproduction coefficient is 40-50 times.Because of the current breeder's stock market price at 0.35-0.50 unit/grain, the potato seed production cost is quite high, this technology reproduction coefficient has improved 10 times than prior art, the breeder's stock consumption only is 1/10 of prior art, be 175-250 unit/mu by current market value, reduced production cost significantly, benefit obviously improves.Bud is a lighter position of Potyvirus distribution, the bud seedling more conventional seedling of possibility with poison again is low, simultaneously, also can when transplanting, once reject sick and weak bad seedling, improve the field seedling quality, thereby be easy to fill the gaps with seedlings, having solved the sweet potato grower can cause and lack nest and be reluctant to dialling except the quality that causes and descend because removing disease bad plant, the potato seed uniformity height that present technique is produced, the proportion that single potato is bigger is less, expands numerous sowing quantity to reducing the next stage potato seed, improve the whole photo sowing rate, reduce the stripping and slicing amount, reduce the chance of viral cross-infection, property ground in source improves subordinate's potato seed quality.The present invention solves seed potato to breed coefficient low and improve a practical technique of potato seed quality.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The potato original seed is educated bud and is transplanted fast breeding
Implement the place: the excellent Kimura in Yang Jie town of Guizhou Province's prestige Ning County
The enforcement time: the 3-10 month in 2011
Implement kind: Favorita
Implement area: 5 mu
Method step:
1) potato seed preliminary treatment
Get the breeder's stock potato seed of not sprouting, with the seed-soaking liquid seed soaking, pick up filter after the seed soaking and do;
2) potato seed vernalization
Potato seed is placed on the germination bed, and with the alternate placement with the vernalization dielectric stratifying of potato seed, the about 3-4 layer of thickness under 15 ℃-20 ℃ of temperature and moisture state, carries out vernalization;
3) the bud seedling is cultivated
After the vernalization, treat that bud is long long to 3-5cm, bud taken off from potato seed, after bud is handled with root-growing agent, be transplanted to the bud seedling culture bed on;
4) field-transplanting
10-15cm height in strong sprout is cultivated in the seedbed, and seed farm is arrived in transplantation of seedlings.
Wherein, gibberellin 0.5ppm solution is used in seed soaking in the step 1, and seed soaking time is 15 minutes; The vernalization medium uses river sand in the step 2, and the plastics large bamboo or wicker basket is used in the vernalization railway carriage or compartment; Root-growing agent uses 98% Nafusaku 5ppm and 1000 times of composite mixed solutions of liquid of 50% type carbendazim in the step 3; Culture matrix uses 60% loam, 20% well-rotted farmyard manure, and 20% pine soil, tangerine bar powder or sawdust, 2%PNK content are 7: 7: 9 composite fertilizers, 0.1% carbendazim, 0.1% chlorophos preparation formula matrix; Selecting seed farm in the step 4 is 2260m above sea level, isolates ground, gentle slope, middle fertility, loam relatively.Planting density is designed to 5130 strain/mus, and namely duplicate rows 100cm opens the railway carriage or compartment, wide row space 60cm, and little line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 26cm, the actual survey produced density 5046 strain/mus.
Result of implementation:
According to sampling, on average tying the potato number is 4.3, the heavy minimum 17g of single potato, maximum 166g, wherein, (little whole photo sowing is bred in the potato seed of suitable subordinate to single potato weight, down together) average 3.6/strain between 30-60g, account for 83.72% of knot potato number, the heavy 63g of average single potato, commodity potato seed output 1358kg/ mu.
Contrast, common breeder's stock whole photo sowing, design density with educate bud transplant identical, the actual product density 4848 nest/mus of surveying:
Sampling results, on average tying the potato number is 4.5, the heavy minimum 14g of single potato, maximum 242g, wherein, the average 2.2/strain of single potato weight between 30-60g accounts for 48.88% of knot potato number, the heavy 88g of average single potato, commodity potato seed output 1412kg/ mu.
Every mu of economic benefit compares:
Project | Educating bud transplants | Common potato piece plantation | Fiducial value ± |
Breeder's stock consumption (grain) | 500 | 5000 | -4500 |
The breeder's stock unit price | 0.38 | 0.38 | ? |
The breeder's stock amount of money | 190 | 1900 | -1710 |
Lack the nest ratio | 1.64% | 5.5% | -2.8% |
Average every mu of knot potato | 21697 | 21816 | -119 |
The heavy 30-60g number of grain | 18165 | 10665 | 7500 |
Reproduction coefficient (doubly) | 43.4 | 4.4 | 39 |
Commodity kind output (kg) | 1358 | 1412 | -54 |
Commodity kind unit price | 3 | 3 | ? |
The commodity kind amount of money | 4074 | 4236 | -162 |
The amount of labour used | 13 | 10 | +3 |
The recruitment unit price | 70 | 70 | ? |
The recruitment amount of money | 910 | 700 | +210 |
Consumptive material and the depreciation amount of money | 150 | ? | +150 |
Rent of soil | 800 | 800 | ? |
Fertilizer and pesticide | 250 | 270 | -20 |
Cost per mu | 2300 | 3670 | -1380 |
Every mu of benefit | 1774 | 566 | +1208 |
With conventional seed planting mode comparative effectiveness: cost-saving synergistic is obvious, surplus every mu of synergy reaches 1200 yuan, the potato seed regularity height of producing, available potato seed potato piece increases, reproduction coefficient (by the grain number) is brought up to 43.4 times from 4.4 times, the potato number has improved 33.72% in little, has improved next stage greatly and has planted little whole photo sowing ratio.
Embodiment 2
Bud transplanting fast breeding is educated with planting in the potato land for growing field crops
Implement the place: Long Cun is ridden in Guizhou Province's prestige Ning County Yang Jie town
The enforcement time: the 3-10 month in 2012
Implement kind: Favorita
Implement area: 20 mu
Method step:
1) potato seed preliminary treatment
Get the breeder's stock potato seed of not sprouting, with the seed-soaking liquid seed soaking, pick up filter after the seed soaking and do;
2) potato seed vernalization
Potato seed is placed on the germination bed, and with the alternate placement with the vernalization dielectric stratifying of potato seed, the about 3-4 layer of thickness under 15 ℃-20 ℃ of temperature and moisture state, carries out vernalization;
3) the bud seedling is cultivated
After the vernalization, treat that bud is long long to 3-5cm, bud taken off from potato seed, after bud is handled with root-growing agent, be transplanted to the bud seedling culture bed on;
4) field-transplanting
10-15cm height in strong sprout is cultivated in the seedbed, and seed farm is arrived in transplantation of seedlings.
Wherein, gibberellin 0.5ppm solution is used in seed soaking in the step 1, and seed soaking time is 15 minutes; The vernalization medium uses river sand in the step 2, and the plastics large bamboo or wicker basket is used in the vernalization railway carriage or compartment; Root-growing agent uses 98% Nafusaku 5ppm and 1000 times of composite mixed solutions of liquid of 50% type carbendazim in the step 3; Culture matrix uses 60% loam, 20% well-rotted farmyard manure, and 20% pine soil, tangerine bar powder or sawdust, 2%PNK content are 7: 7: 9 composite fertilizers, 0.1% carbendazim, 0.1% chlorophos preparation formula matrix; Selecting seed farm in the step 4 is height above sea level 2210m, isolate relatively, and the level land, fertility is first-class, loam.The design planting density is 5130 strain/mus, and namely duplicate rows 100cm opens the railway carriage or compartment, wide row space 60cm, and little line-spacing 40cm, spacing in the rows 26cm, the actual survey produced density 5054 strain/mus.
Result of implementation:
Survey product according to sampling, on average tying the potato number is 4.4, the heavy minimum 21g of single potato, and maximum 175g, wherein, the average 3.7/strain of single potato weight between 30-60g accounts for 84.09% of knot potato number, the heavy 72g. commodity output of average single potato 1653kg/ mu.
Contrast, common breeder's stock whole photo sowing, design density with educate bud and transplant identical: the actual product density 4885 nest/mus of surveying
Sampling results, on average tying the potato number is 4.6, the heavy minimum 13g of single potato, maximum 330g, wherein, the average 2.3/strain of single potato weight between 30-60g accounts for 50.00% of knot potato number, the heavy 114g. commodity output of average single potato 1749kg/ mu.
Every mu of economic benefit compares:
Project | Educating bud transplants | Common potato piece plantation | Fiducial value ± |
Original seed consumption (kg) | 25 | 250 | -225 |
The stripping and slicing rate | 0 | 56.8% | -56.8% |
The original seed unit price | 3 | 3 | ? |
The original seed amount of money | 75 | 750 | -675 |
Lack the nest ratio | 1.48% | 4.78% | -3.3% |
Average every mu of knot potato number | 22237 | 22471 | -234 |
The heavy 30-60g number of grain | 18699 | 11235 | +7464 |
Commodity kind output (kg) | 1653 | 1704 | -51 |
Reproduction coefficient (doubly) | 66.12 | 6.82 | 58.3 |
Commodity kind unit price | 1.8 | 1.8 | ? |
The commodity kind amount of money | 2975.4 | 3067.2 | -91.8 |
The amount of labour used | 13 | 10 | +3 |
The recruitment unit price | 70 | 70 | ? |
The recruitment amount of money | 910 | 700 | +210 |
Consumptive material and the depreciation amount of money | 150 | ? | +150 |
Rent of soil | 800 | 800 | ? |
Fertilizer and pesticide | 250 | 250 | ? |
Cost per mu | 2185 | 2500 | -375 |
Every mu of benefit | 790.4 | 567.2 | +223.2 |
With conventional seed planting mode comparative effectiveness: though gross yield (by quality) descends to some extent, but cost-saving synergistic is still obvious, surplus every mu of synergy reaches 200 yuan, knot potato number increases, reproduction coefficient (by quality) is brought up to 66.12 times from 6.82 times, the little middle potato number that suitable whole photo sowing is used has improved 66.4%, has improved next stage greatly and has planted little whole photo sowing ratio.
Claims (10)
1. a seed potato is educated bud transplanting fast breeding method, may further comprise the steps:
1) potato seed preliminary treatment
Get the potato seed of not sprouting, with the seed-soaking liquid seed soaking, pick up filter after the seed soaking and do;
2) potato seed vernalization
Potato seed is placed on the germination bed, with the alternate placement with the vernalization dielectric stratifying of potato seed, the about 3-4 layer of thickness, under 15 ℃-20 ℃ of temperature and moisture state, vernalization 8-12 days;
3) the bud seedling is cultivated
After the vernalization, treat that bud is long long to 3-5cm, bud taken off from potato seed, after bud is handled with root-growing agent, be transplanted to the bud seedling culture bed on;
4) field-transplanting
10-15cm height in strong sprout is cultivated in the seedbed, and seed farm is arrived in transplantation of seedlings.
2. seed potato as claimed in claim 1 is educated bud transplanting fast breeding method, and wherein in the step 1), described seed-soaking liquid is Gibberellins solution, liquor potassic permanganate and/or thiourea solution.
3. seed potato as claimed in claim 2 is educated bud transplanting fast breeding method, wherein in the step 1), the quality volumetric concentration of described Gibberellins solution is 0.5-1ppm, and the concentration of described liquor potassic permanganate is 0.1-0.2%, and the concentration of described thiourea solution is 2%.
4. seed potato as claimed in claim 2 is educated bud transplanting fast breeding method, and described seed-soaking liquid is that the seed soaking time of Gibberellins solution or liquor potassic permanganate or Gibberellins solution and liquor potassic permanganate mixed liquor is 10-15 minute; Described seed-soaking liquid is that the seed soaking time of thiourea solution is 20 minutes.
5. seed potato as claimed in claim 1 is educated bud and is transplanted fast breeding method, wherein step 2) described in germination bed be carton, trailing plants frame, wooden case or cement box, described vernalization medium is river sand or pine soil.
6. seed potato as claimed in claim 1 is educated bud transplanting fast breeding method, wherein root-growing agent described in the step 3) is for adopting 98% Nafusaku 5-10ppm and 800-1000 times of liquid of 50% type carbendazim composite, and the potato bud that takes off dips in root-growing agent to be transplanted to the bud seedling again and to amass wealth by heavy taxation and support bed.
7. seed potato as claimed in claim 1 is educated bud transplanting fast breeding method, and wherein the seedling of bud described in the step 3) is culture bed is hole formula seedling-cultivating tray, every pit transplanting one strain bud.
8. seed potato as claimed in claim 7 is educated bud transplanting fast breeding method, wherein the seedling of bud described in the step 3) in culture bed used bed soil matrix matter be loam or detritus soil, the pH value is 5.5-6.0, bed soil matrix matter is used 60% loam, 20% well-rotted farmyard manure, 20% pine soil, tangerine bar powder or sawdust, 2%PNK content are 7: 7: 9 composite fertilizers, 0.1% carbendazim, the preparation of 0.1% chlorophos.
9. seed potato as claimed in claim 1 is educated bud and is transplanted fast breeding method, and wherein in the step 4), with transplantation of seedlings to the spacing in the rows of seed farm be: duplicate rows is planted, and 100cm opens the railway carriage or compartment, little line-spacing 40cm, wide row space 60cm, spacing in the rows 26-27cm; The single file plantation, 50cm opens the railway carriage or compartment, line-spacing 50cm, spacing in the rows 26-27cm.
10. seed potato as claimed in claim 1 is educated bud transplanting fast breeding method, and wherein said seed potato is that potato original seed or potato land for growing field crops usefulness are planted.
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CN103535283A (en) * | 2013-10-31 | 2014-01-29 | 定西市凯凯生态园植物快繁有限公司 | Potato virus-free seedling tissue culture propagation method |
CN103733857A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-04-23 | 董金锋 | High-yield potato cultivating method |
CN103749127A (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2014-04-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for transplanting microspore seedlings of brassica oleracea from test tubes to fields |
CN103918433A (en) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-07-16 | 江琴 | Quick cultivation process for potatoes |
CN104303769A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-01-28 | 云南省会泽县优质农产品开发有限责任公司 | Potato expanding propagation method |
CN104855082A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-08-26 | 李金新 | Potato cultivation method |
CN105265291A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2016-01-27 | 董在好 | Special cultivation matrix for potatoes |
CN105265145A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2016-01-27 | 董在好 | Seed dressing and germination accelerating method for seed potatoes |
CN105265144A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2016-01-27 | 董在好 | Method for no-tillage potato planting through covering with straws |
CN105580616A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-05-18 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Seedling growing and filling method for potato |
CN106171766A (en) * | 2016-07-20 | 2016-12-07 | 广西陆川县乌坭坡珍珠番石榴专业合作社 | A kind of pearl guava multiple cropping cultivation technique |
CN106471936A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2017-03-08 | 张俊良 | A kind of quick pregermination method of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi |
CN107500994A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-22 | 安徽徽大农业有限公司 | A kind of efficient vernalization implantation methods of potato |
CN110604050A (en) * | 2019-10-31 | 2019-12-24 | 贵州恒丰科技开发有限公司 | Potato hybrid seedling seed bean seed coating direct seeding method |
CN111642397A (en) * | 2020-06-16 | 2020-09-11 | 延边朝鲜族自治州农业科学院(延边特产研究所) | Method for producing potato breeder seeds by using waste as matrix |
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CN103733857A (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2014-04-23 | 董金锋 | High-yield potato cultivating method |
CN103749127A (en) * | 2014-01-10 | 2014-04-30 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for transplanting microspore seedlings of brassica oleracea from test tubes to fields |
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CN104303769A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2015-01-28 | 云南省会泽县优质农产品开发有限责任公司 | Potato expanding propagation method |
CN104855082A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-08-26 | 李金新 | Potato cultivation method |
CN105265145A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2016-01-27 | 董在好 | Seed dressing and germination accelerating method for seed potatoes |
CN105265291A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2016-01-27 | 董在好 | Special cultivation matrix for potatoes |
CN105265144A (en) * | 2015-10-13 | 2016-01-27 | 董在好 | Method for no-tillage potato planting through covering with straws |
CN105580616A (en) * | 2015-12-08 | 2016-05-18 | 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Seedling growing and filling method for potato |
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CN106471936A (en) * | 2016-10-17 | 2017-03-08 | 张俊良 | A kind of quick pregermination method of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi |
CN107500994A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2017-12-22 | 安徽徽大农业有限公司 | A kind of efficient vernalization implantation methods of potato |
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