CN114762482A - Green planting method for aralia elata seem - Google Patents
Green planting method for aralia elata seem Download PDFInfo
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- CN114762482A CN114762482A CN202210501655.1A CN202210501655A CN114762482A CN 114762482 A CN114762482 A CN 114762482A CN 202210501655 A CN202210501655 A CN 202210501655A CN 114762482 A CN114762482 A CN 114762482A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a green planting method of aralia elata seem, which specifies the production place environment of aralia elata seem production, open field cultivation, protected field cultivation, pest control, harvesting and other steps, is suitable for the open field and anti-season protected field green production of aralia elata seem, and can promote the development of wild vegetable green food industry. The invention adopts green production technology, preferentially adopts agricultural control, physical control and biological control measures, and scientifically and reasonably utilizes chemical control measures. And strictly using the pesticide according to the use range, the use method and the use dosage marked by the label, and harvesting according to the pesticide safety interval. It is emphasized that the pesticide use should comply with the NY/T393 and NY/T1276 regulations. The method disclosed by the invention implements out-of-season cultivation, refines out-of-season cultivation technology, advocates batch production according to needs, increases the out-of-season production operability of aralia elata seem, stimulates the increase of out-of-season production area of aralia elata seem, increases income of farmers, and has great significance in promoting the development of wild vegetables.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop cultivation, and particularly relates to a green planting method of aralia elata seem.
Background
Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem, Aralia elata (R.) Seem.), Aralia elata (L.) Seem, and small perennial deciduous trees; the aralia elata seem is rich in nutrient components, delicious, fragrant and sweet in taste, fresh, tender and mellow, and rich in wild flavor, is a famous wild vegetable and is known as the king of the wild vegetable. However, due to the fact that plants die after being collected in successive years, wild resources are damaged year by year, the yield is reduced year by year, and the yield cannot meet market requirements, so that the development of the artificial production of aralia elata seem is urgent, and the artificial cultivation of aralia elata seem has a very wide development prospect.
The cultivation techniques of aralia elata seem disclosed in the prior art include: for example, the method for cultivating herb aralia elata disclosed in chinese patent application publication No. 110338003a, comprises the steps of: 1) mixing the seeds of the herb aralia elata seem with fine soil, then broadcasting, covering the fine soil, flattening, then covering pine needles, and watering thoroughly to start seedling raising to obtain herb aralia elata seem seedlings; 2) and (2) performing field planting on the tender aralia elata seem seedlings obtained in the step 1), wherein the field planting depth is 4-6 cm. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the plant aralia elata seem can be harvested in spring in the third year, the yield of the plant aralia elata seem is up to 300-400 kg/mu each year, the buds are strong, and the taste is good. For example, the Chinese patent application with publication number 104025836A discloses a planting method of Aralia elata seem, which comprises the steps of fungus wood propagation, Aralia elata seem cultivation, pruning, pest control, picking and the like. And (3) planting the collected aralia elata seem seeds in a nursery land, and transplanting the aralia elata seem seeds in the land after one year. The planting distance of the Aralia elata seem is 2m, the row distance is 2m, and 168 plants are planted per mu. In the next year, a sharp spade is used to vertically step down 5-10 cm around the Aralia elata plant, the rootstock of the Aralia elata is cut off, stumping is carried out after winter, and all branches are cut off. And in the third year, vertically treading down the periphery of the Aralia elata plant by using a pointed spade, and cutting off the rootstock of the Aralia elata. The Aralia elata seem is picked in the middle ten days of April every year, and the lateral buds are picked in 7-10 days. The method can improve the yield and the quality of the aralia elata seem, and saves labor. However, none of the above techniques discloses green cultivation of aralia elata seem and off-season cultivation.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a green planting method of aralia elata seem. The method of the invention stipulates the production place environment of the aralia elata seem production, open field cultivation, protected field cultivation, pest control, harvesting and other steps, is suitable for the open field of aralia elata seem and the out-of-season protected field green production, can promote the development of wild vegetable green food industry, and has very important significance for the development of special vegetable industry.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
the invention provides a green planting method of aralia elata seem, which comprises the following steps:
cultivation in open field
Step 1, seed collection and seed treatment
1.1, propagating by using seeds under the condition of rootless section propagation, collecting mature fruits in 8-9 months, drying in the sun, removing peel, taking out the seeds, and drying in the shade;
1-2-1, and 11 in the middle and last ten days of the month, soaking the seeds in water at 25-30 ℃ for 4-6 h, fishing out and draining, mixing with fine river sand, keeping the humidity at 60-70%, keeping the temperature at 0-5 ℃, uniformly stirring, filling into a wooden box, turning and checking for 1 time every 15 days until the seeds are frozen at constant temperature in the environment of 0-5 ℃ in the last 1 month of the next year until the seeds are sowed;
Or step 1-2-2, soaking the seeds in 35-40 ℃ water for 70-75 h in the middle and last ten days of 11 months, fishing out, draining, adding snow, and freezing outdoors in a wet state for natural overwintering; mixing the seeds with fine river sand at the beginning of May month, and moving to the environment of 0-5 ℃ for low-temperature sand culture;
step 2, soil preparation bed
Selecting a flat land or a slow slope land with deep underground water level and a near water source as a seedling raising bed, deeply loosening soil, harrowing, leveling and finely fertilizing 30 kg-40 kg/667m of diammonium phosphate28 kg-10 kg/667m of potassium chloride2The seedbed is made along the slope, the width of the seedbed is 1.2-1.5 m, the height of the seedbed is 10-15 cm, the distance between beds is 30-35 cm, and the seedbed is pressed;
step 3, sowing and seedling raising
In the middle ten days of May, sowing can be carried out when seeds are exposed, the seeds mixed with the fine river sand are uniformly scattered on a seedbed, fine soil with the thickness of 0.3cm to 0.5cm is covered, pine needles or straw mats are covered, and the seeds can be unearthed after the temperature is 18 ℃ to 25 ℃ and 15 days to 20 days; 8 kg-10 kg/667m of diammonium phosphate is applied when the height of the seedling is 8 cm-10 cm2Transplanting when 1-2 true leaves grow out from the seedling;
step 4, root segment propagation
Digging adult plant fleshy roots with the thickness of 0.7cm to 1.0cm before sprouting from late 3 months to early 4 months, and cutting the adult plant fleshy roots into 15cm to 20cm root sections;
step 5, selecting land and preparing land
Selecting a semi-sunny slope, a semi-cloudy slope or a cloudy slope, or a barren slope, returning to a forest land after tillage or a farmland with medium fertility, deeply ploughing soil before planting, and removing tree roots and stones;
Step 6, planting
In last ten days of 4 months, transplanting and field planting the seedlings bred in the step 3 or the root segments obtained in the step 4;
step 7, trimming
When the plant grows to the 2 nd year to 3 rd year, after picking buds in spring every year, reserving 4-5 lateral buds near the base of the branch, and cutting off the upper part of the branch;
step 8, updating
Cutting off root systems around the old plants after the plants grow to the 6 th to 7 th years and are thawed in spring, and cutting off the old plants from the base parts after harvesting is finished;
step 9, additional fertilization
Topdressing can be properly carried out according to the soil fertility and the growth condition every year;
step 10, harvesting
Harvesting tender buds after germination in spring, generally in the last ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months, picking off terminal buds during harvesting, harvesting 1-2 side buds or auxiliary buds of the terminal buds at the lower part of the terminal buds, and harvesting for 2-3 times; or harvesting when the leaf with the terminal bud length of 15 cm-20 cm is not unfolded; or harvesting lateral buds when the lateral buds grow to 5-10 cm;
second, cultivation in protected areas
Step 1, branch collection
Collecting aralia elata branches in winter after dormancy breaking period, and collecting the branches from open field cultivation land or mountain forest before snow; during collection, strong branches with stems thicker than 1.2cm, plump buds and no diseases and insect pests are selected, 2 buds are left at the base of the stem for shearing and collection, and the collected branches are placed in shady and damp places, or are stored in snow heaps, or are covered by crop stems;
Step 2, cultivation
Step 2.1, substrate-free water-jet
Step 2.1.1, the water culture tank is built
The method comprises the following steps of (1) making grooves in the greenhouse or the greenhouse in the north-south direction, wherein the width is 1.0m, the depth is 20cm, the length is not limited, an operation channel with the width of 30-40 cm is reserved between the water culture grooves, agricultural films with the width of 1.5m and the width of 0.05-0.08 mm are paved in the grooves, the periphery of the agricultural films is lapped on a bed frame, and woven materials or non-woven fabrics are paved on the films; straw bundles with the thickness of 15 cm-20 cm and disinfected by 0.2% -0.5% of potassium permanganate are laid in the ridge grooves;
step 2.1.2, cutting
Cutting the aralia elata seem collected in the step 1 into 30cm, vertically inserting the aralia elata seem into a straw bundle after disinfection treatment, and inserting 500-800 twigs per square meter; or 30-50 cut branches are bundled into a bundle and vertically placed in a furrow groove with the length of 1m2Putting 800-1000 branches;
step 2.1.3, post-cutting management
Filling a groove with the branches, injecting water into the groove for 10-20 cm, normally managing for 30-40 d, and harvesting when the terminal buds extend to more than 15 cm; harvesting when lateral buds grow to 5-10 cm after terminal buds are picked; generally harvesting 2 to 3 crops, and removing branches after harvesting to produce the next crop of bean sprouts;
or step 2.2, ridge planting with matrix
Step 2.2.1, ridging
Ridging in the north-south direction in a greenhouse, wherein the width is 1.0-1.2 m, the depth is 20cm, and the length is not limited; an operation channel with the width of 30-40 cm is reserved between the ridges, and an agricultural mulching film with the length and the width equivalent to those of the ridges is paved at the bottom of the ridges; river sand with the thickness of 20cm, fine slag, vermiculite and perlite or a wood chip substrate are paved on the mulching film; uniformly drilling 20 deep holes per square meter on the furrow by using a sharp wooden stick with the diameter of 1.5cm, puncturing the mulching film, and leveling the substrate to thoroughly pour water;
Step 2.2.2, cutting
Cutting the aralia elata seem collected in the step 1 into 15-20 cm cuttings; obliquely shearing at an angle of 45 degrees at a position 20cm away from the terminal bud during strip shearing; the lateral bud (full bud) is obliquely cut at the opposite side angle of 45 degrees at the position 15cm above the lateral bud, and is obliquely cut at the opposite side angle of 45 degrees at the position 15 cm-20 cm below the lateral bud; vertically inserting the cutting into a substrate, wherein the depth is 12 cm-15 cm, 500-800 sections of branches can be inserted per square meter, top buds and side buds are separately inserted, the cutting inclined plane faces north, and the buds face south;
step 2.2.3, post-slip management
After cuttage is finished, watering once to permeate water, and harvesting for 30-40 days; after 1-2 stubbles are harvested, removing cuttings for next production;
or step 2.3, production of greenhouse with root branches
Step 2.3.1, planting
A sidewalk with the width of 80cm is reserved in the middle of the inside of the greenhouse, furrows are dug on two sides of the sidewalk, the width is 1m, the depth is 40 cm-50 cm, and the length is determined according to the width of the greenhouse; a working channel with the width of 60cm is reserved between the furrows; moving the plants with the roots and the diameter of more than 2cm into the greenhouse at the beginning of 11 months; 50-100 plants are transplanted into the rectangular bed per square meter; moving into the rear root, covering soil, compacting the periphery, immediately filling water for one time, and covering the exposed root with thin soil after water is infiltrated;
step 2.3.2, post-shed management
2, heating by buckling a plastic film at the end of month, blowing air at noon in sunny days, and watering when the water is dry; extending the buds 7 days later, continuously harvesting 3-5 crops after 20 days later, and finishing harvesting in the middle ten days of 4 months; leaving 2-3 leaf bud stubbles at the base of the plant after harvesting; after stumping, enlarging an air outlet, and after 2d, taking out the plant and transplanting the plant to the open field; trimming roots during transplanting, wherein the trimmed root strips are used for root cutting and seedling raising;
Or step 2.4, spring middle and small shed production
Step 2.4.1, preparation in open field
In the early 11 months, in a relatively flat aralia elata seem field, a ridge is formed in each 10 rows, the ridge width is 1.5m, the depth is 40 cm-50 cm, and the length is not limited; covering soil on the root part of the furrow without exposing the root, and then filling water; covering the exposed root with thin soil after water seeps;
step 2.4.2, shack production and harvesting
In the middle and late ten days of 3 months, a plastic arched shed is built on the ridge bed, the arch height is 1.5m, and the arch width is 2 m; blowing air at noon in sunny days, and watering when the water is dry; the buds begin to extend after 10 days, 2-3 crops are collected after 20 days, and the production is finished in 4 middle ten days;
step 2.4.3, covering shed production and harvesting
After harvesting, lifting the plastic on the two sides to release air for 2-3 d, and then removing the plastic and the arch frame; lifting out the plants, and planting according to the row spacing of 1.0m and the plant spacing of 0.5 m; pruning roots by using a branch shear during transplanting, wherein the cut root strips are used for root cutting and seedling raising; planting water is poured after transplanting, 2-3 leaf buds are left at the plant base after the seedlings survive, and normal management is carried out;
third, temperature and humidity control
The temperature during the growth period of the tender bud is 5 ℃ at the lowest and is not more than 25 ℃ at the highest; the humidity should be controlled at 70% -80%;
fourth, pest control
The pest control is carried out mainly by agricultural control, physical control and biological control and assisted by chemical control;
The agricultural control is as follows: cleaning a field and a garden, creating a proper growth environment condition, and performing balanced fertilization;
the physical control is as follows:
1. insect prevention screen
The ventilation openings of the greenhouse and the shed are sealed by 30-40 meshes of nylon gauze to prevent the aphids, the whiteflies and the liriomyza sativae adults from migrating;
2. yellow sticky board for greenhouse
Hanging yellow sticky board coated with machine oil in the shed room, which is 20-50 cm higher than the top of the crop and is per 667m2Hanging 30 yellow sticky boards with the specification of 40cm multiplied by 25cm, and replacing the yellow sticky boards in time when the yellow sticky boards are full of the insect bodies, or coating a layer of engine oil when the insect bodies are removed;
the biological control is as follows:
1. protecting or releasing natural enemies, and preventing and controlling aphids by using ladybug, bombyx mori, spiders, green lacewings, aphid molds or natural enemies of aphid-eating flies;
2. utilizing insect sex pheromone to trap and kill pests;
3. preventing and treating aphid with matrine or rotenone;
the chemical control is as follows:
before field planting, 70 kg of quicklime is scattered every 667 square meters.
In the technical scheme, when damping off, scab and soft rot and aphid diseases occur, the control method comprises the following steps:
the method for preventing and treating damping off comprises the following steps: digging out diseased plants and adjacent plants thereof, burning out the diseased plants, disinfecting diseased holes by formalin medicines, not digging roots in a diseased garden to be used as cutting materials, building the garden to avoid bad drainage plots and old ginseng fields, and not performing operation which possibly damages the roots in a growing season;
The method for preventing and treating scab and soft rot comprises the following steps: treating seedlings and root segments before planting by using 370-470 times of 75% mancozeb solution and 800-1000 times of 40% pyrimethanil solution for gray mold;
the aphid control method comprises the following steps: the branches and trunks where aphids occur are coated with insecticide to kill the aphids, and 2.5% of deltamethrin emulsifiable solution is 2000-3000 times liquid, or 10% of imidacloprid wettable powder is 2000-3000 times liquid, or 5% of fenvalerate emulsifiable solution is 3000-4000 times liquid.
In the above technical scheme, the volume ratio of the seeds to the fine river sand in step 1.2.1 is 1: 5.
in the above technical scheme, the volume ratio of the seeds to the snow in step 1.2.2 is 1: 3, the volume ratio of the seeds to the fine river sand is 1: 5.
in the above technical scheme, in step 3, each 667m is calculated21.0 kg-1.5 kg of dry seeds are sown.
In the technical scheme, in the step 6, the plants are planted according to the plant spacing of 50 cm-55 cm, the row spacing of 60 cm-65 cm and the hole depth of 15 cm-30 cm, and each 667m2Planting 1800-2000 plants.
In the technical scheme, the top dressing in the step 9 is farmyard manure or chemical fertilizer, and the top dressing is carried out in spring or autumn.
In the technical scheme, the farmyard manure can be directly paved on the ridge, and the farmyard manure is covered with soil after being applied to the pit.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. The green planting method of aralia elata seem provided by the invention can increase the benefit by 20% per kilogram.
2. According to the green planting method of aralia elata seem, aralia elata seem production is carried out according to a green production method, development of green vegetable industry is promoted, a vegetable standardization process is promoted, and the purposes of safe production and green consumption are achieved.
3. According to the green planting method of aralia elata seem, aralia elata seem production is carried out according to a green production method, the use of chemical fertilizers is greatly reduced in the production process, the reasonable utilization of pesticides is improved, and the task requirement of a 'double reduction' project of Ministry of agriculture is met. Particularly, the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests are mainly agricultural prevention and control and physical prevention and chemical prevention and control, so that the use of pesticides is reduced, the healthy and sustainable development of ecological environment is promoted, and the ecological environment is effectively protected and obviously improved.
4. The green planting method of aralia elata seem, disclosed by the invention, has the advantages that the anti-season cultivation technology is refined, batch production according to needs is advocated, the anti-season production operability of aralia elata seem is increased, the anti-season production area of aralia elata seem is increased in an exciting manner, the income of farmers is increased, and the development of wild vegetables is promoted.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a green planting method of aralia elata seem, which comprises the following steps:
cultivation in open field
Step 1, seed collection and seed treatment
Variety selection: selecting varieties with few thorns on stems, green buds, no thorns or few thorns on leaf stalks, large terminal buds and strong germination capacity;
step 1-1, breeding seeds under the condition of rootless section breeding, harvesting mature fruits in 8-9 months, sun-drying, removing peel, taking out the seeds, and drying in the shade;
1-2-1, in the middle and last ten days of 11 months, soaking seeds in water at 25-30 ℃ for 4-6 hours, taking out and draining, mixing with clean fine river sand, keeping the humidity at 60-70%, keeping the temperature at 0-5 ℃, keeping the volume ratio of the seeds to the fine river sand at 1:5, uniformly stirring and then placing into a wooden box, turning and checking for 1 time every 15 days until the middle and last ten days of the next year, and moving the seeds to an environment at 0-5 ℃ for constant-temperature freezing (low-temperature sand culture) until sowing;
or step 1-2-2, soaking the seeds in 35-40 ℃ water for 70-75 h in the middle and last ten days of 11 months, fishing out, draining, adding snow, and mixing the seeds with the snow according to the volume ratio of 1: 3 mixing, and placing the mixture in a wet state for outdoor freezing and natural overwintering; mixing the seeds with fine river sand in a volume ratio of 1:5 at the beginning of May month, and transferring to a low-temperature sand culture environment at 0-5 ℃;
According to each 667m2Sowing 1.0 kg-1.5 kg of dry seeds;
step 2, soil preparation bed
Selecting a flat land or a slow slope land with deep underground water level and a near water source as a seedling raising bed, deeply loosening soil, harrowing, leveling and finely fertilizing 30 kg-40 kg/667m of diammonium phosphate28 kg-10 kg/667m of potassium chloride2The seedbed is made along the slope, the width of the seedbed is 1.2-1.5 m, the height of the seedbed is 10-15 cm, the distance between beds is 30-35 cm, and the seedbed is pressed;
step 3, sowing and seedling raising
In the middle ten days of May, sowing can be carried out when seeds are exposed, the seeds mixed with the fine river sand are uniformly scattered on a seedbed, fine soil with the thickness of 0.3cm to 0.5cm is covered, pine needles or straw mats are covered, and the seeds can be unearthed after the temperature is 18 ℃ to 25 ℃ and 15 days to 20 days; dressing 8 kg-10 kg/667m of diammonium phosphate when the height of the seedling is 8 cm-10 cm2Transplanting when 1-2 true leaves grow out from the seedling;
step 4, root segment propagation
Digging adult plant fleshy roots with the thickness of 0.7cm to 1.0cm before sprouting from late 3 months to early 4 months, and cutting the adult plant fleshy roots into 15cm to 20cm root sections;
stored in a special place and is taken charge of by a specially-assigned person to be kept, and the agricultural products and the like cannot be mixed;
step 5, selecting land and preparing land
Selecting a semi-sunny slope, a semi-cloudy slope or a cloudy slope, or a barren slope, returning to a forest land after tillage or a farmland with medium fertility, deeply ploughing soil before planting, and removing tree roots and stones;
Step 6, planting
In last ten days of 4 months, transplanting and field planting the seedlings bred in the step 3 or the root segments obtained in the step 4;
step 7, trimming
After the plant grows to the 2 nd year-3 rd year, after picking buds in spring every year, reserving 4-5 lateral buds near the base of the branch, and cutting off the upper part of the branch;
step 8, updating
Cutting off root systems around the old plants after the plants grow to the 6 th to 7 th years and are thawed in spring, and cutting off the old plants from the base parts after harvesting is finished;
step 9, additional fertilizer
Topdressing can be properly carried out according to the soil fertility and the growth condition every year; applying farmyard manure or chemical fertilizer, wherein the farmyard manure or the chemical fertilizer is applied in spring or autumn, the farmyard manure can be directly paved on the ridge, and the chemical fertilizer is covered with soil after being applied in the pit;
step 10, harvesting
Harvesting tender buds after germination in spring, generally in the last ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months, picking off terminal buds during harvesting, harvesting 1-2 side buds or auxiliary buds of the terminal buds at the lower part of the terminal buds, and harvesting for 2-3 times; or harvesting when the leaf with the terminal bud length of 15 cm-20 cm is not unfolded; or harvesting lateral buds when the lateral buds grow to 5-10 cm;
the harvested aralia elata seem can be processed as follows:
the sprouts harvested in spring are bundled into small bundles for fresh sale every 250-500 g. For export or storage, the buds harvested on the day are bundled into small bundles, and the small bundles are placed in a large jar or other containers, wherein the salt content is increased layer by layer according to the sequence of layer of buds and layer of salt, and the salt is more placed at the uppermost layer. After the container is filled with the water, a wooden cover is covered, and stones are pressed on the wooden cover to ensure that the tender shoots are completely immersed in the saturated saline water. Can also be prepared according to the canning process for preservation.
Second, cultivation in protected areas
The branch is from
Cultivating aralia elata seem in barren mountains, sloping fields, mountain forests, fields and the like, and selecting branches growing in the current year. Generally, the plant is more than 2-3 years old, and every 200m2～400m2The land can be used for producing one crop in a greenhouse or a shed.
Step 1, branch collection
Collecting aralia elata shoots in winter after a shoot dormancy breaking period, and collecting the shoots from an open field cultivation land or a mountain forest before snow; during collection, strong branches with stems thicker than 1.2cm, plump buds and no diseases and insect pests are selected, 2 buds are left at the base of the stem for shearing and collection, and the collected branches are placed in shady and damp places, or are stored in snow heaps, or are covered by crop stems;
step 2, cutting cultivation
Step 2.1, substrate-free water-jet
Step 2.1.1, the water culture tank is built
The method comprises the following steps of (1) making grooves in the north and south directions in a greenhouse or a shed, wherein the width of each groove is 1.0m, the depth of each groove is 20cm, the length of each groove is unlimited, an operation channel with the width of 30-40 cm is reserved between water culture grooves, agricultural films with the width of 1.5m and the width of 0.05-0.08 mm are laid in each groove, the peripheries of the agricultural films are erected on bed frames, and woven materials or non-woven fabrics are laid on the films; straw bundles with the thickness of 15 cm-20 cm and disinfected by 0.2% -0.5% of potassium permanganate are laid in the ridge grooves;
step 2.1.2, cutting
Cutting the aralia elata seem collected in the step 1 into 30cm, vertically inserting the aralia elata seem into a straw bundle after disinfection treatment, and inserting 500-800 twigs per square meter; or 30-50 cut branches are bundled into a bundle and vertically placed in a furrow groove with the length of 1m 2Putting 800-1000 branches;
step 2.1.3, post-cutting management
Filling a groove with the branches, injecting water into the groove for 10-20 cm, normally managing for 30-40 d, and harvesting when the terminal buds extend to more than 15 cm; harvesting when lateral buds grow to 5-10 cm after terminal buds are picked; generally harvesting 2 to 3 crops, and removing branches after harvesting to produce the next crop of bean sprouts;
or step 2.2, ridge planting with matrix
Step 2.2.1, ridging
Ridging in the north-south direction in a greenhouse, wherein the width is 1.0-1.2 m, the depth is 20cm, and the length is not limited; a working channel with the width of 30-40 cm is reserved between the furrows, and an agricultural mulching film with the length and the width equivalent to those of the furrows is paved at the bottom of the furrows; river sand with the thickness of 20cm, fine slag, vermiculite and perlite or a wood chip substrate are paved on the mulching film; uniformly drilling 20 deep holes per square meter on the furrow by using a sharp wooden stick with the diameter of 1.5cm, puncturing the mulching film, and leveling the substrate to thoroughly pour water;
step 2.2.2, cutting
Cutting the aralia elata seem collected in the step 1 into 15-20 cm cuttings; obliquely shearing at an angle of 45 degrees at a position 20cm away from the terminal bud during strip shearing; the lateral bud (full bud) is obliquely cut at an angle of 45 degrees at the opposite side 15cm above the lateral bud, and is obliquely cut at an angle of 45 degrees at the opposite side 15 cm-20 cm below the lateral bud; vertically inserting the cutting into a substrate, wherein the depth is 12 cm-15 cm, 500-800 sections of branches can be inserted per square meter, top buds and side buds are separately inserted, the cutting inclined plane faces north, and the buds face south;
Step 2.2.3, post-cutting management
After cuttage is finished, watering once to permeate water, and harvesting for 30-40 days; after 1-2 stubbles are harvested, removing cuttings for next production;
or step 2.3, production of greenhouse with root branches
Step 2.3.1, planting
A sidewalk with the width of 80cm is reserved in the middle of the inside of the greenhouse, furrows are dug on two sides of the sidewalk, the width is 1m, the depth is 40 cm-50 cm, and the length is determined according to the width of the greenhouse; a working channel with the width of 60cm is reserved between the furrow ditches; moving the plants with the roots and the diameter of more than 2cm into the greenhouse at the beginning of 11 months; 50-100 plants are transplanted into the rectangular bed per square meter; moving into the back root, covering with soil, compacting, immediately irrigating for one time, and covering the exposed root with thin soil after water infiltration;
step 2.3.2, post-shed management
2, heating by buckling a plastic film at the end of month, blowing air at noon in sunny days, and watering when the water is dry; extending the buds 7 days, continuously harvesting 3-5 crops after 20 days, and finishing harvesting in 4 middle ten days; leaving 2-3 leaf bud stubbles at the base of the plant after harvesting; after stumping, enlarging an air outlet, and after 2d, taking out the plants and transplanting the plants to open field; trimming roots during transplanting, wherein the trimmed root strips are used for root cutting and seedling raising;
or step 2.4, spring middle and small shed production
Step 2.4.1, preparation in open field
In a relatively flat aralia elata seem field at the beginning of 11 months, a furrow is formed in each 10 rows, the width of the furrow is 1.5m, the depth of the furrow is 40 cm-50 cm, and the length is not limited; covering soil on the root part of the furrow without exposing the root, and then filling water; covering the exposed root with thin soil after water seeps;
Step 2.4.2, covering shed production and harvesting
In the middle and late ten days of 3 months, a plastic arched shed is built on the ridge bed, the arch height is 1.5m, and the arch width is 2 m; blowing air at noon in fine days, and watering when the water is dry; the buds begin to extend after 10 days, 2-3 crops are collected after 20 days, and the production is finished in 4 middle ten days;
step 2.4.3, covering shed production and harvesting
After harvesting, lifting the plastic on the two sides to release air for 2-3 d, and then removing the plastic and the arch frame; lifting out the plants, and planting according to the row spacing of 1.0m and the plant spacing of 0.5 m; pruning roots by using a branch shear during transplanting, wherein the cut root strips are used for root cutting and seedling raising; after the seedlings survive, 2 to 3 leaf buds are left at the base of the plants for leveling stubble, and the normal management is carried out;
third, temperature and humidity control
The temperature during the growth period of the tender bud is 5 ℃ at the lowest, 25 ℃ at the highest and about 20 ℃ of daily average temperature; the humidity is controlled to be about 70 to 80 percent;
fourth, pest control
Agricultural control, physical control and biological control measures are preferably adopted, and chemical control measures are scientifically and reasonably utilized;
the pesticide is used according to the use range, the use method and the use dosage marked by the label strictly, and the pesticide is collected according to the pesticide safety interval.
The pesticide application should conform to the specification of NY/T393 and NY/T1276.
The agricultural control is as follows: cleaning a field and a garden, creating a proper growth environment condition, and performing balanced fertilization;
the physical control is as follows:
1. insect prevention gauze screen for preventing insects
The ventilation openings of the greenhouse and the greenhouse are sealed by 30-40 meshes of nylon gauze, so that aphids, trialeurodes vaporariorum and liriomyza sativae adults are prevented from migrating;
2. yellow sticky board for greenhouse
Hanging a yellow plate coated with machine oil in the shed room, wherein the yellow plate is 20-50 cm higher than the top of the crop and is per 667m2Hanging 30 yellow plates with the specification of 40cm multiplied by 25cm, and replacing the yellow plates in time when the yellow plates are full of the insect bodies, or coating a layer of engine oil when the insect bodies are removed;
the biological control is as follows:
1. protecting or releasing natural enemies, and preventing and controlling aphids by using ladybug, bombyx mori, spiders, green lacewings, aphid molds or natural enemies of aphid-eating flies;
2. utilizing insect sex pheromone to trap and kill pests;
3. preventing and treating aphid with matrine or rotenone;
the chemical control is as follows:
before field planting, 70 kg of quicklime is scattered every 667 square meters.
When damping off, scab and soft rot, and aphid disease occur, the control method is as follows:
the method for preventing and treating damping off comprises the following steps: digging out diseased plants and adjacent plants thereof, burning out the diseased plants, disinfecting diseased holes by formalin medicines, not digging roots in a diseased garden to be used as cutting materials, building the garden to avoid bad drainage plots and old ginseng fields, and not performing operations which may damage the roots in growing seasons, such as mechanical weeding, ridging and the like;
The method for preventing and treating scab and soft rot comprises the following steps: treating seedlings and root segments before planting by using 370-470 times of 75% mancozeb solution and 800-1000 times of 40% pyrimethanil solution for gray mold;
the aphid control method comprises the following steps: the branches and stems where aphids occur are coated with insecticide to kill the aphids, 2.5% deltamethrin (killing dichlorfluthrin) emulsifiable concentrate 2000-3000 times liquid, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 times liquid, or 5% fenvalerate emulsifiable concentrate 3000-4000 times liquid.
The harvested aralia elata seem can be packaged and stored as follows:
package
The packaging material is selected from a clean, dry, firm, pollution-free and odor-free packaging container, the inner wall of which has no sharp protrusions and is free from being damaged by worms and mildewed; the paper box has no moisture separation layer, the specification is 45.6cm multiplied by 35.5cm multiplied by 25.0cm, and the compression strength of the finished paper box is 400kg/m2The above. Packing according to the requirement, and marking, name, producing area, producer, specification, gross weight, net content, harvesting date and the like outside the carton. Or a plastic food bag can be adopted for small packaging and then is sold on the market.
Storage of
Pre-cooling and shading in time and storing in a storehouse with the relative humidity of more than 90-95% at 0-1 ℃.
File management
The conditions of production environment conditions, production technology, occurrence and prevention of plant diseases and insect pests, harvesting, post-harvest treatment and the like are recorded in detail, and after each production period is finished, a production management record book is recovered and filed, and the record file is stored for more than 3 years.
In the invention, the first, middle and last days of a month refer to the first 1-10 days, middle 11-20 days and last 21-30 (or 31) days of the month, respectively; the beginning of the month refers to days 1-10 of the month, and the end of the month refers to days 21-30 (or 31) of the month.
Examples
The invention provides a green planting method of aralia elata seem, which comprises the following steps:
cultivation in open field
Step 1, seed collection and seed treatment
Variety selection: selecting varieties with few thorns on stems, green buds, no thorns or few thorns on leaf stalks, large terminal buds and strong germination capacity;
step 1-1, breeding seeds under the condition of rootless section breeding, collecting mature fruits 20 days after 8 months, sun-drying, removing peel, taking out the seeds, and drying in the shade;
soaking the seeds in 28 ℃ water for 5 hours for 1-2-1 days and 11 months and 20 days, fishing out and draining, stirring clean fine river sand, keeping the humidity at 65% and the temperature at 3 ℃, keeping the volume ratio of the seeds to the fine river sand at 1:5, uniformly stirring, then putting into a wooden box, turning and checking for 1 time every 15 days until 1 month and 12 days in the next year, and moving the seeds to the environment of 3 ℃ for constant-temperature freezing (low-temperature sand culture) until seeding;
according to each 667m2Sowing dry seeds 1.2 kg;
step 2, soil preparation and bed preparation
Selecting a seedling bed with deep underground water level and flat ground with a near water source, deeply loosening soil, harrowing, leveling and finely fertilizing diammonium phosphate 35kg/667m 29kg/667m of potassium chloride2Making a seedbed along the slope, wherein the width of the seedbed is 1.4m, the height of the seedbed is 12cm, the distance between beds is 33cm, and the seedbed is pressed;
step 3, sowing and seedling raising
5, 15 days, sowing when seeds are exposed to white, uniformly scattering the seeds mixed with the fine river sand on a seedbed, covering with fine soil with the thickness of 0.4cm and pine needles, and taking out the soil after the temperature is 20 ℃ and about 18 days; dressing diammonium phosphate 9kg/667m when the height of the seedling is 9cm2When 1 to 2 true leaves grow out from the seedlingTransplanting;
step 4, root segment propagation
Digging adult plant fleshy root with thickness of 0.8cm before germination in 28 days of 3 months, and cutting into 18cm root segments;
stored in a special place and is taken charge of by a specially-assigned person to be kept, and the agricultural products and the like cannot be mixed;
step 5, selecting land and preparing land
Selecting a farmland with a half sunny slope, deeply ploughing soil before planting, and removing tree roots and stones;
step 6, planting
4, 8 days, transplanting and planting the root sections obtained in the step 4;
step 7, trimming
When the plant grows to the 2 nd year to 3 rd year, after picking buds in spring every year, reserving 4-5 lateral buds near the base of the branch, and cutting off the upper part of the branch;
step 8, updating
Cutting off the root system around the old plant after the plant grows to the 6 th to 7 th year and is thawed in spring, and cutting off the old plant from the base part after harvesting is finished;
Step 9, additional fertilizer
Farm manure can be properly applied according to soil fertility and growth conditions every year, and the farm manure is directly paved on the furrows;
step 10, harvesting
Picking tender buds after sprouting in spring, picking 1-2 side buds or auxiliary buds of the top buds at the lower part of the top buds after breaking off the top buds in the picking process generally in 25 days after 4 months, and picking for 2-3 times;
second, cultivation in protected areas
The branch is from
Step 1, branch collection
Collecting aralia elata seem branches in winter after dormancy breaking period, and collecting the branches from open field cultivation land; during collection, strong branches with stems thicker than 1.2cm, plump buds and no diseases and insect pests are selected, 2 buds are left at the base of the stem for shearing and collection, and the collected branches are placed in shady and damp places, or are stored in snow heaps, or are covered by crop stems;
step 2, cutting cultivation
Step 2.1, substrate-free water insert
Step 2.1.1, the construction of the hydroponic tank
Making grooves in the greenhouse or the greenhouse in the north-south direction, wherein the width is 1.0m, the depth is 20cm, the length is not limited, an operation channel with the width of 35cm is reserved between the water culture grooves, agricultural films with the width of 1.5m and the width of 0.06mm are paved in the grooves, the periphery of the agricultural films is lapped on a bed frame, and weaved materials or non-woven fabrics are paved on the films; straw bundles with the thickness of 18cm and disinfected by 0.3 percent potassium permanganate are laid in the furrow grooves;
step 2.1.2, cutting
Cutting the aralia elata seem collected in the step 1 into 30cm, vertically inserting the aralia elata seem into a straw bundle after disinfection treatment, and inserting 600 laces per square meter;
step 2.1.3, post-cutting management
Filling the branches in a groove, injecting water into the groove for 15cm, normally managing for 35d, and harvesting when the terminal buds extend to more than 15 cm; harvesting when lateral buds grow to 8cm after terminal buds are picked; generally harvesting 2-3 crops, and removing branches after harvesting to produce the next crop of bud vegetables;
third, temperature and humidity control
Controlling the temperature of the tender shoots during the growth period to be about 20 ℃ of daily average temperature; the humidity is controlled to be about 75 percent;
fourth, pest control
Agricultural control, physical control and biological control measures are preferably adopted, and chemical control measures are scientifically and reasonably utilized;
and strictly using the pesticide according to the use range, the use method and the use dosage marked by the label, and harvesting according to the pesticide safety interval.
The pesticide application should conform to the specification of NY/T393 and NY/T1276.
The agricultural control is as follows: cleaning a field and a garden, creating a proper growth environment condition and balancing fertilization;
the physical control is as follows:
1. insect prevention gauze screen for preventing insects
The ventilation openings of the greenhouse and the shed are sealed by 35 nylon meshes, so that the migration of aphids, trialeurodes vaporariorum and the adult liriomyza sativae is prevented;
2. Yellow sticky board for greenhouse
Hanging yellow sticky board coated with machine oil in the greenhouse, wherein the yellow sticky board is 30cm higher than the tops of the crops and is 667m in each2Hanging 30 yellow sticky boards with the specification of 40cm multiplied by 25cm, and replacing the yellow sticky boards in time when the yellow sticky boards are full of the insect bodies, or coating a layer of engine oil when the insect bodies are removed;
the biological control comprises the following steps:
1. protecting or releasing natural enemies, and preventing and controlling aphids by using ladybug, bombyx mori, spiders, green lacewings, aphid molds or natural enemies of aphid-eating flies;
2. utilizing insect sex pheromone to trap and kill pests;
3. preventing and treating aphid with matrine or rotenone;
the chemical control is as follows:
cleaning the rotten leaves, weeds and the like of the stubble crops before field planting, watering thoroughly in a shed, spreading 70 kilograms of quicklime every 667 square meters, deeply turning over the soil, and covering with a film. Sealing the greenhouse, keeping the temperature at a high temperature, sealing the greenhouse for more than 5 days at a high temperature, and then ventilating greatly.
When damping off, scab and soft rot, and aphid disease occur, the control method is as follows:
the method for preventing and treating damping off comprises the following steps: digging out diseased plants and adjacent plants thereof and burning the diseased plants, disinfecting diseased holes by formalin medicines, not digging roots in a diseased garden to be used as cutting materials, building the garden to avoid poor drainage plots and old ginseng lands, and not performing operations which may damage the roots in a growing season, such as mechanical weeding, hilling and the like;
The method for preventing and treating scab and soft rot comprises the following steps: treating seedlings and root segments before planting by using a 400-time solution of 75 percent mancozeb and a 900-time solution of 40 percent pyrimethanil (Longli, Shijiale) for gray mold;
the aphid control method comprises the following steps: the branches and stems where aphids occur are coated with insecticide to kill the aphids, and 2.5 percent of deltamethrin (dichlorfluthrin killing) emulsifiable solution 2500 times, or 10 percent of imidacloprid wettable powder 2500 times, or 5 percent of fenvalerate emulsifiable solution 3500 times.
The harvested aralia elata seem can be packaged and stored as follows:
package (I)
The packaging material is selected to be neat, dry and firmThe packaging container has no pollution, no peculiar smell, no sharp protrusion on the inner wall, and no worm damage and mildew; the paper box has no moisture separation layer, the specification is 45.6cm multiplied by 35.5cm multiplied by 25.0cm, and the compression strength of the finished paper box is 400kg/m2The above. Packing according to the requirement, and marking out the label, name, producing area, producer, specification, gross weight, net content, and date of harvest. Or a plastic food bag can be adopted for small packaging and then is sold on the market.
Storage of
Pre-cooling and shading in time and storing in a storehouse with the relative humidity of more than 90-95 percent at the temperature of 0-1 ℃.
File management
The conditions of production environment conditions, production technology, pest and disease damage occurrence and control, harvesting, post-harvest treatment and the like are recorded in detail, and after each production cycle is finished, a production management record book is recovered and filed, and the record file is stored for more than 3 years.
By adopting the green planting method of the aralia elata seem, the yield of the aralia elata seem can reach 300-400 kg/mu, and the benefit per kg can be increased by 20%. The method provided by the invention specifies the production place environment of the aralia elata seem production, open field cultivation, protected field cultivation, pest control, harvesting and other steps, is suitable for the open field and anti-season protected field green production of the aralia elata seem, can promote the development of wild vegetable green food industry, and has very important significance for developing the special vegetable industry. The method adopts a green production technology, preferentially adopts agricultural control, physical control and biological control measures, and scientifically and reasonably utilizes chemical control measures. The pesticide is used according to the use range, the use method and the use dosage marked by the label strictly, and the pesticide is collected according to the pesticide safety interval. It is emphasized that the pesticide use should comply with the NY/T393 and NY/T1276 regulations. The method disclosed by the invention implements out-of-season cultivation, refines out-of-season cultivation technology, advocates batch production according to needs, increases the out-of-season production operability of aralia elata seem, stimulates the increase of out-of-season production area of aralia elata seem, increases income of farmers, and has great significance in promoting the development of wild vegetables.
It should be understood that the above examples are only for clarity of illustration and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications therefrom are within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The green planting method of aralia elata seem is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cultivation in open field
Step 1, seed collection and seed treatment
1.1, propagating seeds under the condition of rootless section propagation, collecting mature fruits in 8-9 months, sun-drying, rubbing off peel, taking out the seeds, and drying in the shade;
1-2-1, and 11 in the middle and last ten days of the month, soaking the seeds in water at 25-30 ℃ for 4-6 h, fishing out and draining, mixing with fine river sand, keeping the humidity at 60-70%, keeping the temperature at 0-5 ℃, uniformly stirring, filling into a wooden box, turning and checking for 1 time every 15 days until the seeds are frozen at constant temperature in the environment of 0-5 ℃ in the last 1 month of the next year until the seeds are sowed;
or step 1-2-2, soaking the seeds in water with the temperature of 35-40 ℃ for 70-75 h in the middle and last ten days of 11 months, fishing out, draining, adding snow, and placing the seeds in an outdoor freezing and natural overwintering state in a wet state; mixing the seeds with fine river sand at the beginning of May month, and transferring to a low-temperature sand culture environment at 0-5 ℃;
Step 2, soil preparation bed
Selecting a flat land or a slow slope land with deep underground water level and a near water source as a seedling raising bed, deeply loosening soil, harrowing, leveling and finely fertilizing 30 kg-40 kg/667m of diammonium phosphate28 kg-10 kg/667m of potassium chloride2The seedbed is made along the slope, the width of the seedbed is 1.2-1.5 m, the height of the seedbed is 10-15 cm, the distance between beds is 30-35 cm, and the seedbed is pressed;
step 3, sowing and seedling raising
In the middle May ten days, sowing can be carried out when seeds are exposed, the seeds mixed with fine river sand are uniformly scattered on a seedbed, fine soil with the thickness of 0.3-0.5 cm is covered, pine needles or straw mats are covered, the temperature is 18-25 ℃, and the soil can be removed after 15-20 days; the height of the seedling is longWhen the concentration of the diammonium phosphate reaches 8-10 cm, 8-10 kg/667m of diammonium phosphate is applied2Transplanting when 1-2 true leaves grow out from the seedling;
step 4, root segment propagation
Digging adult plant fleshy roots with the thickness of 0.7cm to 1.0cm before germination in late 3 months to late 4 months, and cutting the adult plant fleshy roots into root sections with the thickness of 15cm to 20 cm;
step 5, selecting land and preparing land
Selecting a semi-sunny slope, a semi-cloudy slope or a cloudy slope, or a barren slope, returning to a forest land after tillage or a farmland with medium fertility, deeply ploughing soil before planting, and removing tree roots and stones;
step 6, planting
In last ten days of 4 months, transplanting and field planting the seedlings bred in the step 3 or the root segments obtained in the step 4;
step 7, trimming
When the plant grows to the 2 nd year to 3 rd year, after picking buds in spring every year, reserving 4-5 lateral buds near the base of the branch, and cutting off the upper part of the branch;
step 8, updating
Cutting off root systems around the old plants after the plants grow to the 6 th to 7 th years and are thawed in spring, and cutting off the old plants from the base parts after harvesting is finished;
step 9, additional fertilizer
Topdressing can be properly carried out according to the soil fertility and the growth condition every year;
step 10, harvesting
Harvesting tender buds after germination in spring, generally in the last ten days of 4 months to the last ten days of 5 months, picking off terminal buds during harvesting, harvesting 1-2 side buds or auxiliary buds of the terminal buds at the lower part of the terminal buds, and harvesting for 2-3 times; or harvesting when the leaf with the terminal bud length of 15 cm-20 cm is not unfolded; or harvesting lateral buds when the lateral buds grow to 5-10 cm;
second, cultivation in protected areas
Step 1, branch collection
Collecting aralia elata shoots in winter after a shoot dormancy breaking period, and collecting the shoots from an open field cultivation land or a mountain forest before snow; during collection, strong branches with stems thicker than 1.2cm, plump buds and no diseases and insect pests are selected, 2 buds are left at the base of the stem for shearing and collection, and the collected branches are placed in shady and damp places, or are stored in snow heaps, or are covered by crop stems;
step 2, cultivation
Step 2.1, substrate-free water insert
Step 2.1.1, the construction of the hydroponic tank
The method comprises the following steps of (1) making grooves in the greenhouse or the greenhouse in the north-south direction, wherein the width is 1.0m, the depth is 20cm, the length is not limited, an operation channel with the width of 30-40 cm is reserved between the water culture grooves, agricultural films with the width of 1.5m and the width of 0.05-0.08 mm are paved in the grooves, the periphery of the agricultural films is lapped on a bed frame, and woven materials or non-woven fabrics are paved on the films; straw bundles with the thickness of 15-20 cm and disinfected by 0.2-0.5% of potassium permanganate are laid in the furrow grooves;
step 2.1.2, cutting
Cutting the aralia elata shoot branches collected in the step 1 into 30cm, vertically inserting the aralia elata shoot into a straw bundle after disinfection treatment, and inserting 500-800 shoots per square meter; or 30-50 cut branches are bundled into a bundle and vertically placed in a furrow groove with the length of 1m2Putting 800-1000 branches;
step 2.1.3, post-cutting management
Filling a groove with the branches, injecting water into the groove for 10-20 cm, normally managing for 30-40 d, and harvesting when the terminal buds extend to more than 15 cm; harvesting when lateral buds grow to 5-10 cm after terminal buds are picked; generally harvesting 2 to 3 crops, and removing branches after harvesting to produce the next crop of bean sprouts;
or step 2.2, ridge planting with matrix
Step 2.2.1, ridging
Ridging in the north-south direction in a greenhouse, wherein the width is 1.0-1.2 m, the depth is 20cm, and the length is not limited; an operation channel with the width of 30-40 cm is reserved between the ridges, and an agricultural mulching film with the length and the width equivalent to those of the ridges is paved at the bottom of the ridges; river sand with the thickness of 20cm, fine slag, vermiculite and perlite or a wood chip substrate are paved on the mulching film; uniformly drilling 20 deep holes per square meter on the furrow by using a sharp wooden stick with the diameter of 1.5cm, puncturing the mulching film, and leveling the substrate to thoroughly pour water;
Step 2.2.2, cutting
Cutting the aralia elata shoot collected in the step 1 into 15-20 cm cuttings; obliquely shearing at an angle of 45 degrees at a position 20cm away from the terminal bud during strip shearing; the lateral bud is obliquely cut at the position 15cm above the lateral bud at the opposite side angle of 45 degrees, and is obliquely cut at the position 15 cm-20 cm below the lateral bud at the opposite side angle of 45 degrees; vertically inserting the cutting into a substrate, wherein the depth is 12 cm-15 cm, 500-800 sections of branches can be inserted per square meter, top buds and side buds are separately inserted, the cutting inclined plane faces north, and the buds face south;
step 2.2.3, post-slip management
After cuttage, watering once for permeating water, and harvesting after 30-40 days; after 1-2 stubbles are harvested, removing cuttings for next production;
or step 2.3, production of greenhouse with roots and branches
Step 2.3.1, planting
A sidewalk with the width of 80cm is reserved in the middle of the inside of the greenhouse, furrows are dug on two sides of the sidewalk, the width is 1m, the depth is 40 cm-50 cm, and the length is determined according to the width of the greenhouse; a working channel with the width of 60cm is reserved between the furrows; moving the plants with the roots and the diameter of more than 2cm into the greenhouse at the beginning of 11 months; 50-100 plants are transplanted into the rectangular bed per square meter; moving into the rear root, covering soil, compacting the periphery, immediately filling water for one time, and covering the exposed root with thin soil after water is infiltrated;
step 2.3.2, post-shed management
2, heating by buckling a plastic film at the end of month, blowing air at noon in sunny days, and watering when the water is dry; extending the buds 7 days later, continuously harvesting 3-5 crops after 20 days later, and finishing harvesting in the middle ten days of 4 months; leaving 2-3 leaf bud stubbles at the base of the plant after harvesting; after stumping, enlarging an air outlet, and after 2d, taking out the plant and transplanting the plant to the open field; trimming roots during transplanting, wherein the trimmed root strips are used for root cutting and seedling raising;
Or step 2.4, spring middle and small shed production
Step 2.4.1, preparation in open field
In the early 11 months, a ridge is formed in every 10 rows in a relatively flat aralia elata bud field, the ridge width is 1.5m, and the depth is 40 cm-50 cm; covering soil on the root part of the furrow without exposing the root, and then filling water; covering the exposed root with thin soil after water seeps;
step 2.4.2, shack production and harvesting
In late middle 3 months, building a plastic arched shed on the ridge-up bed, wherein the arch height is 1.5m, and the arch width is 2 m; blowing air at noon in fine days, and watering when the water is dry; the buds begin to extend after 10 days, 2 to 3 crops are collected after 20 days, and the production is finished in 4 middle ten days;
step 2.4.3, buckling shed for production and harvesting
After harvesting, lifting the plastic on the two sides to release air for 2-3 d, and then removing the plastic and the arch frame; lifting out the plants, and planting according to the row spacing of 1.0m and the plant spacing of 0.5 m; pruning roots by using a pruning shear during transplanting, wherein the pruned root strips are used for root cutting and seedling raising; after the transplantation, the planting water is poured, and after the seedling survives, 2 to 3 leaf buds are left at the base of the plant for stumping;
temperature and humidity control
The temperature during the growth period of the tender bud is 5 ℃ at the lowest and is not more than 25 ℃ at the highest; the humidity is controlled to be 70-80%;
fourth, pest control
The pest control is carried out mainly by agricultural control, physical control and biological control and assisted by chemical control;
The agricultural control is as follows: cleaning a field and a garden, creating a proper growth environment condition, and performing balanced fertilization;
the physical control is as follows:
1. insect prevention screen
The ventilation openings of the greenhouse and the shed are sealed by 30-40 meshes of nylon gauze to prevent the aphids, the whiteflies and the liriomyza sativae adults from migrating;
2. yellow sticky board for greenhouse
Hanging yellow sticky board coated with machine oil in the shed room, which is 20-50 cm higher than the top of the crop and is per 667m2Hanging 30 yellow sticky boards with the specification of 40cm multiplied by 25cm, and replacing the yellow sticky boards in time when the yellow sticky boards are full of the insect bodies, or coating a layer of engine oil when the insect bodies are removed;
the biological control is as follows:
1. protecting or releasing natural enemies, and preventing and controlling aphids by using ladybug, bombyx mori, spiders, green lacewings, aphid mold or natural enemies of aphidhagous flies;
2. utilizing insect sex pheromone to trap and kill pests;
3. preventing and treating aphid with matrine or rotenone;
the chemical control is as follows:
before field planting, 70 kg of quicklime is scattered every 667 square meters.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein when damping-off, scab and soft rot, and aphid diseases occur, the control method is as follows:
the method for preventing and treating damping off comprises the following steps: digging out diseased plants and adjacent plants thereof, burning out the diseased plants, disinfecting diseased holes by formalin medicines, not digging roots in a diseased garden to be used as cutting materials, building the garden to avoid bad drainage plots and old ginseng fields, and not performing operation which possibly damages the roots in a growing season;
The method for preventing and treating scab and soft rot comprises the following steps: treating seedlings and root segments before planting by using 370-470 times of 75% mancozeb solution and 800-1000 times of 40% pyrimethanil solution for gray mold;
the aphid control method comprises the following steps: the branches and stems where aphids occur are coated with insecticide to kill the aphids, 2.5% deltamethrin emulsifiable solution of 2000-3000 times, or 10% imidacloprid wettable powder of 2000-3000 times, or 5% fenvalerate emulsifiable solution of 3000-4000 times.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of the seeds to the fine river sand in step 1.2.1 is 1: 5.
4. the method of claim 1, wherein the volume ratio of seeds to snow in step 1.2.2 is 1: 3, the volume ratio of the seeds to the fine river sand is 1: 5.
5. a method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 3, the amount of the additive per 667m is calculated21.0 kg-1.5 kg of dry seeds are sown.
6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plants in step 6 are planted according to the plant spacing of 50 cm-55 cm, the row spacing of 60 cm-65 cm and the hole depth of 15 cm-30 cm, and each 667m is21800 to 2000 permanent planting plants.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the top dressing in step 9 is farmyard manure or chemical fertilizer, and the top dressing is performed in spring or autumn.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the farmyard manure is applied directly to the bed and the farmyard manure is applied to the bed by digging a pit and then covering the soil.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101209029A (en) * | 2006-12-25 | 2008-07-02 | 王德堂 | Method for cultivating aralia mandshurica in winter |
| CN102077751A (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2011-06-01 | 屈国良 | Artificial domestication out-of-season planting technology of vegetable acanthopanax senticosus |
| CN103688718A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-04-02 | 白山市林源春生态科技有限公司 | Culturing method of aralia elata seem |
| CN104025836A (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-09-10 | 铁岭市山合林业专业合作社 | Method for planting aralia elata seem |
| CN104412896A (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2015-03-18 | 高曼丽 | Anti-season planting method for aralia elata |
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| CN101209029A (en) * | 2006-12-25 | 2008-07-02 | 王德堂 | Method for cultivating aralia mandshurica in winter |
| CN102077751A (en) * | 2010-10-29 | 2011-06-01 | 屈国良 | Artificial domestication out-of-season planting technology of vegetable acanthopanax senticosus |
| CN104412896A (en) * | 2013-09-03 | 2015-03-18 | 高曼丽 | Anti-season planting method for aralia elata |
| CN103688718A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-04-02 | 白山市林源春生态科技有限公司 | Culturing method of aralia elata seem |
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