CN103907457B - Chinese yam convenient type cultivation technique - Google Patents
Chinese yam convenient type cultivation technique Download PDFInfo
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- CN103907457B CN103907457B CN201410094429.1A CN201410094429A CN103907457B CN 103907457 B CN103907457 B CN 103907457B CN 201410094429 A CN201410094429 A CN 201410094429A CN 103907457 B CN103907457 B CN 103907457B
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- -1 compound potassium nitrate Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Inorganic materials [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 11
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 239000005842 Thiophanate-methyl Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;potassium Chemical compound [K].OP(O)(O)=O PJNZPQUBCPKICU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophanate-methyl Chemical compound COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC QGHREAKMXXNCOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
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- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
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- 241000193738 Bacillus anthracis Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001952 metrifonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorfon Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L Phosphate ion(2-) Chemical compound OP([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method for planting of industrial crops, and in particular to a kind of Chinese yam convenient type cultivation technique, comprises the following steps：Cultivating bag prepares, and cultivating bag is textile bag, plants bag specification：Long 80~100cm, wide 40~60cm；Make Nutrition Soil：Mass ratio between each composition of Nutrition Soil：1 part of compound potassium nitrate fertilizer, 0.6~1 part of phosphate fertilizer, 10~20 parts of people and animals' fecaluria, 60~80 parts of matting soil, by Nutrition Soil pile fermentation；Nutrition Soil fermentation time：More than 30 days；Erase in good time " sweet potato bulbil ", Chinese yam was grown into before and after Slight Heat, and the sweet potato bulbil grown between axil is all erased, and high it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of yield, quality is good, gathers convenient yam cultivation technology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for planting of industrial crops, and in particular to a kind of Chinese yam convenient type cultivation technique.
Background technology
Chinese yam is also known as potato medicine, is perennial root trailing plant, and its edible part is underground meat root tuber, its thin skin,
The white succulence of fine and tender taste, color, for Chinese yam rich in there is many secondary metabolites, it is both nourishing food to have, and can be used as medicine again, there is tonifying spleen kidney
The healthcare function of lung, strengthening the essence gas.Simultaneously and highly important Chinese medicine simply.
This year, market are continuously increased to the demand of Chinese yam, more based on traditional digging zanjon cultivation technique at present, this
Kind of cultivation technique limit very big by edaphic condition, and harvesting is inconvenient, labor cost height, Chinese yam yield and quality is not high, no
Can meet the needs of Vehicles Collected from Market is to Chinese yam.
The content of the invention
High it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of yield, quality is good, gathers convenient yam cultivation technology.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：Chinese yam convenient type cultivation technique, wherein, comprise the following steps：
(1) bag is planted
Plant bag to prepare, plantation bag is textile bag, plants bag specification：Long 80~100cm, wide 40~60cm；
(2) soil selects
Select that soil property is fertile, loose deep, the high and dry thin bubble of arable layer, retain water and nutrients ability is strong, aeration is good, water penetration
By force, irrigate it is convenient, Chinese yam, the sandy loam block of slightly grittiness were not planted in 3 years, never continuous cropping, preceding crop is with green vegetables, garlic one
The dry crop of class is advisable, as the matting soil for making Nutrition Soil after the table soil of soil is dug out；
(3) decomposed ridging, Nutrition Soil is filled
Make Nutrition Soil：Mass ratio between each composition of Nutrition Soil：1 part of compound potassium nitrate fertilizer, 0.6~1 part of phosphate fertilizer,
10~20 parts of people and animals' fecaluria, 60~80 parts of matting soil, by Nutrition Soil pile fermentation；
Nutrition Soil fermentation time：More than 30 days；
After spring has set in, then fine day is placed when planting bag trench digging first loose by the width trench digging of two plantation bags side by side
Cubsoil loads 70%~80% in bag, the Nutrition Soil that plantation bag remaining part loads after pile fermentation, will be not suitable for doing matting soil
Table soil returns bedding in bag ditch, the width of a width of two plantations bag of furrow；
(4) Chinese yam potato seed is handled, and selects to concentrate plant before and after Clear and Bright, using the plant of Chinese yam potato seed cross-talk i.e. 15 before broadcasting
~20 days, Chinese yam root tuber is cut into the Chinese yam potato seed cross-talk of 5cm~7cm length, Chinese yam potato seed cross-talk needs Exposure to Sunlight more than 1 week；
(5) field management is strengthened
A Chinese yams height of seedling is barricaded as hedge formula with batten or bamboo bar or " people " shaped frame, frame is high by 1.5~2 at 30~50 centimetres
Rice；
B, which is buddingged, to come into bloom, and by 60~70 grams of the paclobutrazol wettable powder of every mu of use 15%, multiple-effect is made in 50 kilograms of water
Azoles spray；Chinese yam above ground portion is eugonic to spray a paclobutrazol spray again, it is necessary to be spaced after 7~10 days；
C, potash fertilizer is rationally used sufficient：It is a kind of by decomposed the night soil 500kg or urea of every mu of use 25% after Chinese yam transplant survival
10~15kg of instant nitrogenousfertilizer；Before and after the Dragon Boat Festival, full support is climbed when Chinese yam is climing, when plant buddings, every mu with high potassium compound fertilizer 40~
50kg is applied fertilizer with 50% decomposed people and animals' fecaluria 1500kg, 40~50kg of cake fertilizer；Later growth will combine preventing disease pest control, spray
0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2~3 times, 30~40 days before harvest, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time；The beginning of autumn
Do not refertilize afterwards；
D is erased " sweet potato bulbil " in good time, and Chinese yam was grown into before and after Slight Heat, and the sweet potato bulbil grown between axil is all smeared
Go；
(6) timely collecting
The Frost's Descent it is front and rear to soil it is freeze-up between harvest, lift during harvesting and plant bag and pour out Chinese yam light and slowly.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：It a kind of Chinese yam pocket type high yield method that experimental exploration goes out, can reach cultivation per mu yield in 1 year
More than 3000 jin, this method have compared with other conventional methods harvesting it is convenient, it is laborsaving take things easy, the advantage such as commodity is good, be mainly
By preparing Nutrition Soil, by potato seed be colonized in plantation bag in, plantation bag selection be seen everywhere it is bag weaved, it is bag weaved to have many holes
Hole, make the air content in bag high, soil air is to weigh the also bad important indicator of soil quality, for all Chinese yams, root
Portion needs enough oxygen to provide it with aerobic respiration, to ensure to have the moisture and nutriment of enough energy absorption soil.Finally reach
To fertilizer conservation volume increase, convenient management, pest and disease damage is few, is deep-cut when harvesting Chinese yam without hoe, only need to lift plantation bag, toppling over gently
Go out Chinese yam, harvesting is convenient, while avoids deep-cutting damage Chinese yam, and this technology is laborsaving to take things easy, commodity is good, high-yield and high-efficiency, easily
In receiving popularization.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention.
Chinese yam convenient type cultivation technique, wherein, comprise the following steps：
(1) bag is planted
Plantation bag prepares plantation bag and selects some common textile bags, plants bag specification：Long 80~100cm, wide by 40~
60cm；It is very easy to obtain the textile bag of waste and old recovery in rural area, while textile bag has gas permeability, it is ensured that Chinese yam has foot
The moisture and nutriment of enough energy absorption soil, make the rhizome of Chinese yam quickly grow.
(2) soil selects
Select that soil property is fertile, loose deep, the high and dry thin bubble of arable layer, retain water and nutrients ability is strong, aeration is good, water penetration
By force, irrigate it is convenient, do not planted Chinese yam, the sandy loam block of slightly grittiness in 3 years, never continuous cropping, best preceding crop is with green vegetables, big
The dry crops such as garlic are advisable, as the matting soil for making Nutrition Soil after the table soil of soil is dug out.
(3) decomposed ridging, Nutrition Soil is filled
Make Nutrition Soil：Mass ratio between each composition of Nutrition Soil：1 part of compound potassium nitrate fertilizer, 0.6 part to 1 of phosphate fertilizer
Part, between 10 parts to 20 parts of people and animals' fecaluria, between 60 parts to 80 parts of surface soil；Stack retting is carried out after each composition is mixed
Fermentation, allow within more than 30 days it fully decomposed；Sequenced, opened depending on ground type by the wide trench digging pack of two plastic bag cultivation kind bags using fine day after spring has set in
Loose cubsoil is first loaded in bag 70%~80% during ditch and takes off nutrition flat, then that remaining part loading retting is fermented
Soil, the table soil for being not suitable for doing matting soil is returned into bedding in bag ditch, a width of two plantations bag bag of furrow is a width of preferably.
(4) Chinese yam potato seed cross-talk is handled, and selects to concentrate plant in good time before and after Clear and Bright, is using the plant of Chinese yam potato seed cross-talk
15~20 days before broadcasting, Chinese yam root tuber is cut into 5cm~7cm segment, basked seeds more than 1 week, to promote potato seed inner material
Conversion, breaking dormancy, killing potato seed germ, which places into, carries out vernalization in wet sand or fine earth；According to the germination of potato seed, with not
It is colonized in bud length and potato seed different size by 6~9 potato seed cross-talks in plantation bag, it is consistent to be grown after profit field planting, it is easy to field
Between management and harvest.
(5) field management is strengthened
A, timely built ventilation and penetrating light：Get rid of tendril within several days after Chinese yam transplanting, should when height of seedling is in 30~50 cm
Built is helped climing, is barricaded as hedge formula or " people " shaped frame with batten or bamboo bar, and high 1.5~2 meters or so of frame is advisable, and support is firm, such as
Meet strong wind to tilt or want timely righting when collapsing, it is ensured that ventilation and penetrating light, improve the photosynthesis of plant middle and lower part blade, reduce frame
Interior humidity, reduce disease and cause harm degree.
B, spraying paclobutrazol puies forward strong sprout in good time：The best period for spraying paclobutrazol is Chinese yam tendril shelfful, buddings and blooms just
Phase, mixed in 60~70 grams of the paclobutrazol wettable powder of every mu of use 15% plus the ratio of 50 kilograms of water and paclobutrazol spraying is made
Agent；Chinese yam above ground portion over growth sprays once again, it is necessary to be spaced after 7~10 days；Paclobutrazol has to Chinese yam shoot growth
There is obvious inhibitory action.Chinese yam can be made to increase production more than 10%.
C, potash fertilizer is rationally used sufficient：Chinese yam growth period is grown, and on the basis of Nutrition Soil is used sufficient, also answers in good time top dressing；Transplant into
Visual seedling growth is applied after work and carries seed manure, by the instant nitrogenousfertilizers 10 such as decomposed the night soil 500kg or urea of every mu of use 25%~
15kg, impose 1 time and carry seed manure；During height of seedling 70cm or so, it can take the circumstances into consideration to apply 1 time again by above-mentioned dose carrying according to the growing state of seedling
Seed manure；Before and after the Dragon Boat Festival, full support is climbed when Chinese yam is climing, when plant buddings, every mu with 40~50kg of high potassium compound fertilizer or rotten with 50%
Acquaintance's domestic animals manure 1500kg, 40~50kg of cake fertilizer apply Dragon Boat Festival fertilizer；Later growth will combine preventing disease pest control, spray 0.3% phosphoric acid
Dihydro potassium solution 2~3 times, it can reach guarantor's leaf growth promoting and prevent old purpose；30~40 days before harvest, liquid manure combines, then sprays 0.3%
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time；It should not be refertilized after the beginning of autumn；In addition, Chinese yam is afraid of that drought is afraid of flood, such as Continuous Drought or wet weather
Timely drought resisting or water drainage drop stain.
D, erase in good time " sweet potato bulbil ", Chinese yam was grown into before and after Slight Heat, it is necessary to which the sweet potato bulbil grown between axil is complete
Portion is erased, because the substantial amounts of nutrient consumption of the growth needs of bulbil, is removed bulbil to reduce nutrient consumption, is made the rhizome of Chinese yam have
Sufficient nutrient growth.Remove that weeds are also very crucial simultaneously, avoid the sunlight of weeds contention Chinese yam and reduce nutrition deterioration.
E, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control
Chinese yam disease mainly has anthracnose, brown spot and root knot nematode disease, anthracnose prevention and controls：When cultural control,
Diseased plant is pulled out to burn, winter will remain in the invalid body centralized burning in field and buried, the field for falling ill serious carry out 1 year with
Upper crop rotation；Second, chemical prevention, early stage 500 times of liquid of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, or 80% anthrax good fortune U.S. are wettable
Property 800 times of liquid of pulvis, every 10 days or so spray 1 time, continuous 2~3 times；Brown spot, can be at the initial stage of a disease in addition to cultural control is taken
Add 75% Bravo wettable powder, 1000 times of liquid with 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, spray 1 every 10 days or so
It is secondary, continuous 2 times；Root knot nematode disease can be prevented and treated by the methods of seed selection, Medicament soaked seed, efficent rotation；Pest control, Chinese yam
Insect pest mainly has grub, cutworm, wireworm etc., it is necessary to which plant needs to freeze with providing before the soil of the matting soil Chinese yam is passed the winter
Soil, the adult to survive the winter, larva are turned into earth's surface, it freezed to death, dried up or prevented and treated by cultural control methods such as natural enemy predations；
During grown in field period poison bait, filling can be used to apply the chemical prevention method such as trichlorphon and prevented and treated.
(6) timely collecting
Convenient type plant Chinese yam picking time it is longer be also convenient for, can be harvested at any time before and after the Frost's Descent to soil is freeze-up；Harvesting
When be critical to fall off after sack is lifted, accomplish not damage Chinese yam epidermis, keep Chinese yam integrity degree, extend storage phase, carry
High commodity rate.
Above-described is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is noted that for those skilled in the art,
Without departing from the structure of the invention, several modifications and improvements can also be made, these should also be considered as the guarantor of the present invention
Scope is protected, these effects and practical applicability for implementing all without the influence present invention.
Claims (3)
1. Chinese yam convenient type cultural method, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) bag is planted
Plant bag to prepare, plantation bag is textile bag, plants bag specification：Long 80~100cm, wide 40~60cm；
(2) soil selects
Select that soil property is fertile, loose deep, the high and dry thin bubble of arable layer, retain water and nutrients ability is strong, aeration is good, water penetration is strong, filling
Irrigate conveniently, Chinese yam, the sandy loam block of slightly grittiness were not planted in 3 years, never continuous cropping, preceding crop is dry crop, by soil
Table soil dig out after it is native as the matting for making Nutrition Soil；
(3) decomposed ridging, Nutrition Soil is filled
Make Nutrition Soil：Mass ratio between each composition of Nutrition Soil：1 part of compound potassium nitrate fertilizer, 0.6~1 part of phosphate fertilizer, people and animals
10~20 parts of fecaluria, 60~80 parts of matting soil, by Nutrition Soil pile fermentation；
Nutrition Soil fermentation time：More than 30 days；
After spring has set in, then fine day is placed when planting bag trench digging first loose cubsoil by the width trench digging of two plantation bags side by side
Load 70%~80% in bag, the Nutrition Soil that plantation bag remaining part loads after pile fermentation, will be not suitable for doing the table soil of matting soil
Return bedding in bag ditch, the width of a width of two plantations bag of furrow；
(4) Chinese yam potato seed is handled, and selects to concentrate plant before and after Clear and Bright, using the plant of Chinese yam potato seed cross-talk i.e. 15~20 before broadcasting
My god, Chinese yam root tuber is cut into the Chinese yam potato seed cross-talk of 5cm~7cm length, Chinese yam potato seed cross-talk needs Exposure to Sunlight more than 1 week；
(5) field management is strengthened
A, Chinese yam height of seedling is barricaded as hedge formula or " people " shaped frame, frame is high 1.5~2 meters at 30~50 centimetres with batten or bamboo bar；
B, budding and come into bloom, by 60~70 grams of the paclobutrazol wettable powder of every mu of use 15%, paclobutrazol is made in 50 kilograms of water
Spray；Chinese yam above ground portion is eugonic to spray a paclobutrazol spray again, it is necessary to be spaced after 7~10 days；
C, potash fertilizer is rationally used sufficient：After Chinese yam transplant survival, by every mu of use 25% decomposed night soil 500kg or urea 10~
15kg；Before and after the Dragon Boat Festival, full support is climbed when Chinese yam is climing, when plant buddings, every mu with 40~50kg of high potassium compound fertilizer or rotten with 50%
Acquaintance's domestic animals manure 1500kg, 40~50kg of cake fertilizer apply fertilizer；Later growth will combine preventing disease pest control, spray 0.3% biphosphate
Potassium solution 2~3 times, 30~40 days before harvest, spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time；Do not refertilized after the beginning of autumn；
D is erased " sweet potato bulbil " in good time, and Chinese yam was grown into before and after Slight Heat, and the sweet potato bulbil grown between axil is all erased；
(6) timely collecting
The Frost's Descent to soil it is freeze-up between harvest, plantation bag is lifted during harvesting and pours out Chinese yam light and slowly.
2. Chinese yam convenient type cultural method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that during the height of seedling 70cm of Chinese yam, every mu of use
25% decomposed night soil 500kg or 10~15kg of urea applies 1 fertilizer again.
3. Chinese yam convenient type cultural method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that Chinese yam anthracnose prevention and controls：When
Cultural control, that is, pull out diseased plant and burn, winter is by the invalid body centralized burning for remaining in field and buried, serious field of falling ill
Carry out crop rotation in more than 1 year；Second, chemical prevention, early stage 500 times of liquid of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, or 80% anthrax
800 times of liquid of good fortune U.S. wettable powder, sprayed 1 time, continuous 2~3 times every 10 days or so；
Brown spot chemical prevention：Add 75% Bravo wettable with 1000 times of liquid of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder at the initial stage of a disease
1000 times of liquid of pulvis, sprayed 1 time, continuous 2 times every 10 days or so；
Pest control, physical control：Matting soil location and the soil that place plantation bag, dig before passing the winter, chemical prevention：Greatly
Field growth period applies the chemical prevention method of trichlorphon using period poison bait, filling.
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| CN104221669B (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2016-03-16 | 葛建 | A kind of purple Chinese yam nursery and cultivation method |
| CN105960971A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-09-28 | 瑞昌市惠农农产品有限公司 | Planting method for Chinese yam |
| CN107155593A (en) * | 2017-06-06 | 2017-09-15 | 明光市裕阳农业有限公司 | A kind of high-yield planting method of Chinese yam |
| CN107568000A (en) * | 2017-09-19 | 2018-01-12 | 合肥果成科技有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Chinese yam |
| CN108934868A (en) * | 2018-07-03 | 2018-12-07 | 江苏徐淮地区徐州农业科学研究所(江苏徐州甘薯研究中心) | A kind of anti-Chinese yam idioplasm resources bank garden store method mixed |
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