CN112568081A - Angelica sinensis hill-drop seedling method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a Chinese angelica hole sowing seedling raising method, which comprises the following technical key points: selecting a slope land in a two-yin region with the altitude of 2600-2800 m, and deeply ploughing and leveling the land and fertilizing in the last 4 th ten days before sowing; covering with film, covering with black film with width of 1.2 m; sowing in the middle of 6 months by a hill-drop method; covering 50% black sunshade net on the seedbed, wherein the covering height of the sunshade net is 35-50 cm; after seedlings are grown out, the sunshade net is uncovered and weeding is carried out at the same time, and after the grass is removed, the sunshade net is immediately covered; preventing pest and disease damage and topdressing at proper time; in the last ten days of 10 months, the leaves on the ground are picked and dug when becoming yellow, and the seedlings are stored under the conditions of shade, cool and dry. The mulching film is adopted for hole sowing seedling raising, the ground temperature can be improved, the seedling emergence rate can be improved by preserving heat and moisture, the grass injury is reduced, the seed consumption can be reduced by proper amount of fine sowing, the investment cost is reduced by adopting the sunshade net for covering, the procedure of covering grass and uncovering grass is omitted, the labor is saved, the seedling yield is increased, the yield is increased by 110.5 kg/mu, the number of seedlings with the diameter of 3-5mm is obviously increased, and the seedling quality is improved.

Description

Angelica sinensis hill-drop seedling method

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of seedling raising of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and particularly relates to a hole sowing seedling raising method for angelica sinensis.

Background

The angelica is used as a medicine by a dry root and has the effects of enriching blood and activating blood, regulating menstruation and relieving pain, moistening dryness and lubricating intestines and the like. Clinically, it is mainly used for treating blood deficiency, sallow complexion, vertigo, palpitation, menoxenia, amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain due to deficiency cold, constipation due to intestinal dryness, rheumatalgia, traumatic injury, carbuncle, skin ulcer, etc. Chinese angelica is a genuine Chinese medicinal material in Mincounty, has a cultivation history of over 1700 years and is called as a thousand-year medicinal village. The Min county angelica has long planting history, the largest area and the best quality, and is known as Min returning and European people as Chinese gynecological ginseng. The angelica grown in Min county has superior shape and texture regardless of individual color and luster; meanwhile, the medicine effect is verified by clinical verification of traditional Chinese medicine with a long source and also lies above other angelica in producing areas, and is the top grade in the world angelica, so that the theory of 'Chinese angelica jia tianxia, Min county angelica jiazhonghua' is provided. The planting area of the Min county angelica in 2020 is more than 30 ten thousand mu, the annual yield is about 7 ten thousand tons, and the Min county angelica accounts for more than 50% of the planting area of the county medicinal materials.

The angelica mainly adopts planting propagation, seed seedling raising in the first year and medicinal material transplanting and producing in the 2 nd year in planting production, so the quality of angelica seedlings in transplanting and planting has direct influence on the growth and development of the transplanted angelica and the quality and quality of medicinal materials harvested in the current year. In the prior art, Chinese angelica is mainly bred by seeds, generally, seedlings are grown from late 5 months to early 6 months every year, and the seedlings are lifted and stored from the early 10 months. When the traditional technology is used for seedling culture, sufficient base fertilizer is applied, the land is ploughed, the farmland is leveled, the seedling culture is carried out while furrows are made, the width of each furrow is 1.2-1.5m generally, 5-7 kg of seeds are used per mu, the seeds are uniformly sowed on the surfaces of the furrows, and then a layer of soil is uniformly covered, and the thickness is 5 mm. After seedling raising is finished, covering wheat gramineae straws on the ridge surface, wherein the dosage per mu is 300-400 kg. After the seedlings emerge completely, the covering grass is manually uncovered, and the uncovered covering grass is covered again after the weeds are manually pulled out. During the growth period, the grass is removed for 3 times. And spraying 1000 times of phoxim, carbendazim and hymexazol liquid on the mulching plants in 6-7 months to prevent and control underground pests such as flea beetles, wireworms, cutworms and the like, root rot and the like. In the middle and last ten days of 7 months, according to the growth condition of the Chinese angelica seedlings, when the height of the Chinese angelica seedlings is about 10cm, the covering grass is removed, and the weeds are removed in time according to the growth condition of the weeds. Before 10 months, the leaves were harvested before withering. The main disadvantages of the prior art are: firstly, covering seedbeds or ridge surfaces with gramineous straws wastes a large amount of resources, farmers need to plant gramineous crops such as highland barley, oat, barley and the like in the previous year, or harvest wild gramineous plant straws in the mountains in summer, a large amount of manpower is input, dry straws of more than 300kg are cut, 10-12 workers are required to be input, the labor cost is reduced to 1000-1200 yuan, and the implementation of policies of returning to farming and returning to pasture is not facilitated. Secondly, after the seedbed or the furrow surface is covered by gramineous straws, a favorable environment for growth is provided for the underground pests such as the golden insects, the cutworms and the like, the adults breed massively under the seedbed grass and damage seedbed crops and nearby crops to cause serious economic loss, and the manual pesticide is required to be thrown and sprayed on the straws to prevent and control the pests; the adults lay eggs on the weeds and the straws, and the adults are randomly discarded on the ridges of the fields after the straws are uncovered by farmers to become hosts for pest propagation, so that a vicious circle is formed. Thirdly, the traditional seedling culture covering mode is not beneficial to the popularization of the pollution-free traditional Chinese medicine cultivation technology, the seedling culture cost is increased, management labor such as weeding labor, field disease prevention and insect prevention and the like is added, and the cost is increased by about 1700 yuan per mu on average. Fourthly, the traditional seedling raising has serious weed damage, and the manual large-scale weeding has serious damage to seedlings, thereby causing a large number of branched seedlings and diseased seedlings. Fifthly, the traditional seedling raising is carried out in a high-altitude area and is influenced by climate, the whole seedling raising and sowing stage is as long as about one month, and the seedling planning stage lasts about one month, so that the time for leaving the seedlings on the bed is difficult to control to be 110 days. The seedlings are less than 100 days old, the weight of a hundred seedlings is less than 80 g, and the seedlings are tender and not storage-resistant. The seedlings are more than 120 days old, the weight of the hundred seedlings is more than 110 g, the number of big seedlings and forked seedlings is large, and the bolting rate is increased.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a Chinese angelica hole-sowing seedling-raising method, the ground temperature can be improved by adopting mulching film hole-sowing seedling raising, the seedling emergence rate can be improved by preserving heat and moisture, the weed damage can be reduced, the seed consumption can be reduced by proper amount of precision sowing, the investment cost can be reduced by adopting a sunshade net for covering, the procedure of covering and uncovering grass is omitted, the labor is saved, the seedling yield is increased, the yield is increased by 110.5 kg/mu, the number of seedlings with the diameter of 3-5mm is obviously increased, the seedling quality is improved, and the problems in the prior art are effectively solved.

The technical scheme adopted for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows:

a Chinese angelica hole sowing seedling raising method comprises the following steps:

a) selecting land: selecting southern slope and western slope plots with the altitude of 2600-2800 m, thick soil layers, loose and fertile soil, good drainage, no water accumulation, and cool and damp shady soil; the selected soil is black loam, lode soil, black calcium soil or black soil; selecting raw wasteland, alternate waste land, ripe wasteland or previous crops and prepared rhizome of rehmannia which takes cereal crops as main crops,

b) land preparation and fertilization: beginning to turn over the soil and prepare the soil in the middle ten days of the last 5 months; 3000 kilograms of farmyard manure or 100 kilograms of decomposed oil residues are applied to each mu of land, 20-30 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer is applied in a matching manner, the land is uniformly and manually spread on the surface of the land, the land is turned and prepared, the soil is buried, and weeds and impurities in the field are removed;

c) soil moisture digging and film covering: after the farmland is leveled, a black mulching film with the width of 1.2m is used for mulching; the ridge width is 1.0m, the ridge ditch is 0.3m, ridges are formed in the south and north directions of the flat land, and ridges are formed in the gentle slope along the slope direction so as to facilitate drainage; the preparation method can be combined with bed making, and meanwhile, a pest and disease prevention agent is applied;

d) timely sowing: sowing in the first ten days of 6 months by using a hole sowing method, wherein the seed consumption per mu is 2.5kg, holes are drilled on the mulching film according to the hole distance of 10cm, the aperture is 6 cm-7 cm, the row distance is 20cm, 4 rows are sowed in each ridge in a hole manner while the holes are drilled, 8-12 seeds are sowed in each hole, and the thickness of covering fine soil is 0.2 cm-0.3 cm;

e) covering a sunshade net: after the hill planting is finished, inserting a wood stick or branch with the length of 70cm and the thickness of 3 cm-5 cm into the seedbed walkway every 2m, and inserting the wood stick or branch into the cultivated land with the depth of 15-30cm for supporting the sunshade net; covering the seedbed with a black sunshade net with the light transmittance of 40-60%, wherein the covering height of the sunshade net is 45-50 cm;

f) weeding and uncovering the sunshade net: after the Chinese angelica seedlings sowed in the middle ten days of 6 months are aligned, and the first true leaves grow out on the partial Chinese angelica seedlings in the middle ten days of 7 months, weeding for the first time is started; carrying out secondary weeding before and after the growth condition of the weeds on the seedbed in the middle ten days of 8 months; weeding for the third time in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, selecting cloudy days or cloudy days when the Chinese angelica seedlings grow to 8-10 cm high, removing the sunshade net, removing all impurities, and removing seedbed weeds;

h) and (3) pest and disease prevention: adding 25-30ml of 40% phoxim missible oil into 30kg of water per mu in the middle and last ten days of August, spraying for pest control for 1 time every 7 days, and spraying for 2 times; from late 7 to late 8, mixing 1000 times of 30% hymexazol aqua and 500 times of 30% copper succinate in equal parts, and spraying onto leaf surface to prevent and treat root rot;

i) timely topdressing: when the overground part grows badly in the early stage of growth, 5 kilograms of urea can be scattered in each mu before raining; or spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g and water 50kg or other foliar fertilizers on the leaf surface in sunny days to promote the growth of angelica seedlings;

j) uncovering the film and lifting the seedlings: when the seedling age reaches 100-110 days, uncovering the film and lifting the seedlings, pricking the seedlings into small bundles every 90-110 days, and kneading the seedlings into blocks with a proper amount of wet soil at the roots.

Preferably, the seed selection of the angelica sinensis seedlings comprises the following steps: selecting first-grade seeds according to a standard of Chinese medicinal material seeds angelica, which is published by quality supervision bureau of Gansu province and is DB62/T2548-2014, wherein the seeds are from a seed breeding base of a professional cooperative society or a seed breeding farmer with clear variety sources; the seeds collected from the three-year-old plants are selected, and the seeds newly collected in the last year have the purity of more than or equal to 98 percent, the purity of more than or equal to 95 percent, the water content of less than or equal to 10 percent and the germination rate of more than or equal to 90 percent.

Preferably, in step d), the seed is dressed with the medicament during sowing: 2m of seeds are put in every 2kg-3kg of seeds²-3m²Spreading on greenhouse film, mixing 40% carbendazim and 40% phoximPouring 5g of the mixture into a small sprayer, adding 0.2kg-0.3kg of clear water, shaking uniformly, spraying the mixture on the surface of seeds uniformly, wearing gloves, and slightly turning over by hand to ensure that the liquid medicine is sprayed uniformly; after the seeds are turned evenly, the seeds are put into a seed bag and are tightly covered for one night, and the seeds can be sowed the next day.

Preferably, in the step c), 2 kilograms of ferrous sulfate, 0.5 kilogram of phoxim missible oil and 0.5 kilogram of carbendazim powder are mixed into poisonous soil per mu of pesticide, and the mixture is spread on a seedbed to comprehensively prevent diseases and insect pests.

Preferably, in step f), the weeding operation is: jacking up the sunshade net by using a wooden stick with the length of 100cm, and drilling a person into the sunshade net to weed; or weeding while uncovering the sunshade net, and immediately covering the sunshade net after the grass is removed to prevent the seedling from being burnt by strong sunlight; larger weed plants are pulled out or cut off by hands, so that seedlings are prevented from being brought out; weed can be removed in time according to the weeds in the field.

Preferably, in the step j), the operation method for film uncovering and seedling lifting comprises the following steps: removing soil pressed on two sides of the mulching film from an upward slope along the ridge direction by using a hoe, and then removing the mulching film; digging seedlings from the lower side of the land, vertically digging into a soil layer by 20cm by using three-tooth claws, shaking the three-tooth claws, digging a plough layer, and manually picking out seedlings.

Further, in the step j), the seedling lifting comprises the following steps:

1) selecting seedlings: unqualified seedlings with small size, large size, excessive side roots, diseased seedlings, insect-damaged seedlings and mechanical damaged seedlings are removed in the seedling digging process;

2) bundling seedlings: after the seedling is dug out and is selected, the leaf blade on the seedling is pulled by hand, the leaf stalk with the length of 1cm is left, the proper amount of soil is contained in the root part and is pinched into blocks, and the seedling soil proportion is 1: bundling 1, 90-110 seedlings into one bundle;

3) airing the seedlings: selecting a shade place on the spot, placing one bundle of seedling in an inclined way, exposing the head of the seedling bundle to dissipate water, and covering the seedling bundle with the leaf of the pulled Chinese angelica seedling when sunlight is strong; when the seedlings are collected, the bundled seedlings are packed in a pack basket or a woven bag in layers and transported to home or a cooperative.

Preferably, in the step 9), timely lifting seedlings according to regional conditions: the seedling raising field in the high mountain area is dug when the overground leaves are yellow in the late 9 months, the seedling raising field in the semi-mountain area can be dug in the early 10 months, and the seedling raising field in the low mountain area can be dug before the leaves are not withered in the middle 10 months.

Further, after the seedling lifting step, the method also comprises k) a seedling storage step: storing the seedlings by adopting a stacking method: building a simple shed at a place which is dry outdoors, high in terrain and cool and ventilated, paving a layer of fine soil on the ground in the simple shed, enabling the heads of seedlings to face outwards and the tails to face inwards, covering a layer of seedlings with a layer of soil, wherein the thickness of the soil layer is 5cm, filling gaps among the seedlings, covering the seedlings with 1-2cm, stacking the seedlings into stacks with the height of 0.8-1.2m, and placing for 15-25 days to ensure that the seedlings properly lose water; in the middle ten days of 11 months, building up the periphery of the seedling pile by using bricks or soil blocks at a distance of 10cm from the seedling pile, filling the middle of the seedling pile with wet fine raw soil, covering the top of the seedling pile with the wet raw soil for 30cm, covering the surface of the seedling pile with a shed film when the ground is frozen, preventing the surface moisture from evaporating, and losing water of the seedling bundle; the seedling storage period is 140-160 days.

Further, after the seedling lifting step, the method also comprises k) a seedling storage step: storing the seedlings by adopting a cellaring method: building a seedling storage, paving a layer of fine soil on the ground in the storage, enabling the head of each seedling to face outwards and the tail to face inwards, covering gaps among the bundles with a layer of soil with the thickness of 5cm, covering the bundles with the thickness of 1-2cm, stacking the bundles with the height of 0.8-1.2m, and placing for 15-25 days to ensure that the bundles are properly dehydrated; digging rectangular pits with the depth of 0.8-1.2 in a warehouse, wherein the length and the width of the pits are determined according to the number of seedlings, paving a layer of semi-dry raw soil at the bottom of the pit, and then alternately stacking the raw soil and the seedlings layer by layer, wherein the soil layer is 3cm thick; when the mixture is piled up to be 20cm away from the top of the cellar, covering soil on the top of the mixture to the top of the cellar; reserving an air vent with the diameter of 10cm at the cellar opening, and covering the air vent with soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm; the seedling storage period is 140-160 days.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) the hill-drop technique is adopted for seeding, a proper amount of fine seeding is adopted, the seeds are saved, 2.5 kilograms of seeds are saved per mu, and the cost is saved by 2500 yuan per mu according to 1000 yuan per kilogram.

2) The mulching film hole sowing method is adopted for sowing, so that the growth of weeds is inhibited, the field weeding is facilitated, and the labor cost for field weeding is saved; is beneficial to field drainage, prevents water and fertilizer from leaching and improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer.

3) The seedbed is covered by the sunshade net, so that the investment cost can be reduced, the labor is saved, the sunshade covering operation is simple and easy, and the manual weeding cost is reduced by 360 yuan/mu.

4) The cost of covering materials is saved, the sun-shading net covers the grass straws in the same season, the covering material investment per mu is reduced by 800 plus 1000 yuan, the grass straws can be covered for many years, the utilization rate is high, meanwhile, the harm and the spread of underground pests such as golden insects, cutworms and the like are reduced, the field application is reduced, and the incidence rate of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced.

5) The method adopts a mulching film hole sowing method for sowing, improves the ground temperature by 2-3 ℃ due to the moisture preservation of the mulching film, enables the seedlings to grow fast, shortens the seedling bed retention time from 120 days to 100 days, increases the seedling yield, increases the yield by 110.5 kg/mu, increases the proportion of usable seedlings (with the diameter of 3-5mm) from 70 percent to more than 90 percent, and improves the quality of the seedlings.

Detailed Description

In order that the above objects, features and advantages of the present invention may be more clearly understood, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application may be combined with each other without conflict.

The invention provides a Chinese angelica hole sowing seedling raising technology, which comprises the following steps:

1) selecting land: selecting a sloping field in a two-yin region with the elevation of 2600-2800 m, wherein the sloping field is loose and fertile in soil, deep in soil layer and good in drainage, selecting prepared rhizome of rice, wheat, rape and other crops planted in turn, in a ripe wasteland or in the last year, the elevation and the gradient are consistent with those of seedling culture in a wasteland, the soil is preferably black loam, black lode, black calcium soil and black soil, the soil layer is deep, the sloping field is loose and fertile in soil, and the sloping field is a south slope and a west slope which are free from water accumulation and cool and moist. The first crop is preferably leguminous, gramineous and rape crops;

2) land preparation and fertilization: the land parcel of angelica sinensis and rehmannia glutinosa used for seedling cultivation is determined in advance before spring sowing. After the spring sowing is finished, the seedling culture land begins to turn over and prepare soil in the middle ten days of the 5 th month period. Ploughing by using a working animal or a rotary cultivator, applying 3000 kg of farmyard manure or 100 kg of decomposed oil residue per mu, applying 20-30 kg of ternary compound fertilizer in cooperation, manually and uniformly spreading the ternary compound fertilizer on the ground surface, combining land ploughing and soil preparation, burying the ternary compound fertilizer in soil, and removing impurities such as weeds, stones and the like in the field.

3) Ridging and film covering: after the farmland is leveled, a black mulching film with the width of 1.2m is used for mulching; the ridge width is 1.0m, the furrow is 0.3m, ridges are formed in the south and north directions of the flat land, and ridges are formed in the gentle slope along the slope direction so as to facilitate drainage;

4) timely sowing: sowing in the middle ten days of 6 months, adopting a hole sowing method, sowing 2.5kg seeds per mu, punching holes on the mulching film according to the hole distance of 10cm, wherein the hole diameter is 6-7 cm, the row distance is 20cm, namely, sowing 4 rows in each ridge in a hole manner while punching the holes, sowing seeds, sowing about 10 seeds in each hole, and covering fine soil with the thickness of 0.2-0.3 cm;

seed selection: according to the standard of Chinese angelica, which is published by quality supervision bureau of Gansu province and Gansu province, Chinese medicinal material seeds of DB62/T2548-2014, first-grade seeds are selected, and the seeds come from a seed breeding base of a professional cooperative society or a seed breeding farmer with clear variety sources. Selecting seeds harvested from three-year-old plants, wherein the purity of the seeds is more than or equal to 98%, the purity is more than or equal to 95%, the water content is less than or equal to 10%, and the germination rate is more than or equal to 90%;

medicament seed dressing: 2m of seeds are put in every 2kg-3kg of seeds²-3m²Spreading the seed film, pouring 5g of 40% carbendazim and 40% phoxim into a small sprayer respectively, adding 0.2-0.3 kg of clear water, shaking uniformly, spraying on the surface of the seeds, wearing gloves, and slightly turning over by hand to ensure that the liquid medicine is sprayed uniformly. After the seeds are turned evenly, the seeds are put into a seed bag and are tightly covered for one night, and the seeds can be sowed the next day.

5) Covering a sunshade net: after the hole sowing is finished, inserting a wood stick or branch with the length of 70cm and the thickness of 3 cm-5 cm into the seedbed walkway every 2m, and inserting the wood stick or branch into the cultivated land with the depth of 20cm to support the sun shading net; the top end of the seedling bed is sleeved with an empty plastic bottle or a disposable paper cup for supporting a sunshade net, the seedling bed is covered by a 50% black sunshade net, the height of the sunshade net is about 50cm, the edge of the sunshade net is tightly covered and is bound and fixed on a wood stick at the ground by a thin iron wire or a thread rope, and the seedling bed is ensured to be tightly covered by the sunshade net;

6) weeding and uncovering the sunshade net: the first weeding is started when the first true leaves grow out on the Chinese angelica seedlings sowed in the middle of 6 months after the seedlings are aligned in the middle of 7 months. A wooden stick with the length of 100cm is used for jacking up the sunshade net man to dig into the sunshade net man for weeding, so that labor and time are saved. Or weeding while uncovering the sunshade net, and immediately covering the sunshade net after the grass is removed to prevent the seedling from burning under the irradiation of strong sunlight; and (4) weeding for the second time according to the growth condition of the weeds on the seedbed in the middle ten days of 8 months, wherein the weeding method is the same as that for the first time. Larger weed plants are pulled out or pinched off by hands to prevent seedlings from being brought out. Weed can be removed in time according to the weeds in the field. Weeding for the third time in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, selecting cloudy days or cloudy days when the returned seedlings grow to 8-10 cm high, manually removing the sunshade net, removing all impurities, and removing seedbed weeds.

7) And (3) pest and disease prevention: in the middle and late ten days of August, 25-30ml of 40% phoxim missible oil is mixed with 30kg of water for each mu, and the mixture is sprayed for preventing and treating the flea beetle damage for 1 time every 7 days and for 2 times. From late 7 to late 8 months, 100-200 times of the abamectin emulsifiable solution for root irrigation is mixed with 500 times of the 30% copper succinate + glutarate solution in equal parts, and then the mixture is sprayed on leaf surfaces, so that the root rot can be effectively prevented and treated.

8) Timely topdressing: when overground parts grow badly due to drought and other reasons in the early growth period, 5 kilograms of urea can be scattered in each mu before raining, and monopotassium phosphate or other foliar fertilizers can be used for spraying on the leaf surfaces in sunny days to promote the growth of angelica seedlings.

9) Timely seedling lifting: the method comprises the steps of digging a seedling raising field in a high mountain area when leaves on the ground are yellow in the last ten days of 9 months, digging the seedling raising field in a half-mountain area in the last ten days of 10 months, digging seedling raising field blocks in a low mountain area before the leaves are not withered in the middle ten days of 10 months, and digging the seedling raising field in the high mountain area until the time of the Chinese angelica seedlings on a seedbed reaches 110-120 days.

10) Uncovering the film: and (5) hooking soil pressed on two sides of the mulching film by using a hoe from an upward slope along the ridge direction, and then removing the mulching film.

11) The seedling lifting method comprises the following steps: digging seedlings from the lower side of the land. Vertically digging into the soil layer by about 20cm by using three-tooth claws, shaking the three-tooth claws, digging a plough layer, and manually picking out seedlings.

12) Selecting seedlings: unqualified seedlings with small size, large size, excessive side roots, diseased seedlings, insect injury and mechanical damaged seedlings are removed in the seedling digging process.

13) Bundling seedlings: after the seedlings are dug and selected, leaves on the seedlings are manually pulled off, leaves with the length of 1cm are left, a proper amount of soil is contained in the roots, the seedlings are kneaded into blocks (the ratio of the seedlings to the soil is about 1: 1), and about 100 seedlings are bundled into one bundle.

14) Airing the seedlings: selecting a shady place on the spot, placing one bundle of seedling in an inclined way, exposing the head of the seedling bundle to dissipate water, and covering the seedling bundle with the leaf of the pulled Chinese angelica seedling when sunlight is strong. When the seedlings are collected, the bundled seedlings are packed in a pack basket or a woven bag in layers and transported to home or a cooperative.

15) Storing seedlings

Stacking: a simple shed is built at a place which is dry outdoors, has high topography and is shady and cool. In the simple shed, a layer of fine soil is paved on the ground, the seedling heads of the seedlings face outwards and the tails of the seedlings face inwards, a layer of soil (the thickness of the soil layer is about 5cm, gaps among the seedling bundles are filled, the seedling bundles are covered by 1-2cm) is stacked into a pile (the height is about 1 m), and the pile is placed for about 20 days, so that the seedling bundles are properly dehydrated, and the respiratory strength of the seedlings is weakened. In the middle ten days of 11 months, bricks or soil blocks are used for building the periphery of the seedling pile at a distance of about 10cm from the seedling pile, the middle part is filled with moist fine raw soil, the top of the seedling pile is covered with moist raw soil for about 30cm, and when the ground is frozen, the surface of the seedling pile is covered with a shed film to prevent the surface moisture from evaporating and the seedling stalk from losing water. The seedling storage period is about 150 days.

Cellaring: building a seedling storage, paving a layer of fine soil on the ground in the seedling storage, stacking seedlings with the heads facing outwards and the tails facing inwards into a layer of soil (the thickness of the soil layer is about 5cm, filling gaps among the seedlings, covering the seedlings with 1-2cm), stacking the seedlings into a pile (the height is about 1 m), and standing for about 20 days to ensure that the seedlings properly dehydrate and weaken the respiratory strength of the seedlings. Digging rectangular pits with the depth of about 1m in the cellar, wherein the length and the width of the pits are determined according to the number of seedlings, paving a layer of semi-dry raw soil at the bottom of the cellar, and then alternately stacking the raw soil and seedlings in layers, wherein the thickness of the soil layer is about 3 cm. When the mixture is piled to be about 20cm away from the top of the cellar, the top of the cellar is covered with soil. A vent hole with the diameter of 10cm is reserved at the cellar opening and is covered by soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm. The seedling storage period is about 150 days.

Example 1:

seedling growing and planting places: the elevation height of the area is 2700m, the planting area in 2019 is 50 mu, the planting land is dark lode soil, and the soil moisture is poor in seedling stage, and belongs to spring drought and dry-in-autumn climate.

In order to accurately master the data of hole sowing, broadcast sowing in each link of sowing, rate of emergence, emergence period, weeding and the like, broadcast sowing contrast tests are arranged in the same land block of hole sowing, and the specific seedling culture method comprises the following steps:

firstly, hole sowing: and (3) turning the soil before sowing in combination with the combination of 4 months and 15 days, applying 3000 kilograms of farmyard manure or 100 kilograms of decomposed oil residues per mu, applying 20-30 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer in combination, manually and uniformly spreading the fertilizer on the ground surface, burying the soil in combination with turning and soil preparation, and after turning, ploughing by using a rotary cultivator once for a short time and leveling the ground.

Selecting black mulching films with the width of 1.2m, performing soil moisture digging and mulching, and leveling ridges, wherein the width of the ridge surface is 1m, and the furrow is 0.3 m.

The sowing time is 6 months, 8 days to 12 days, manual punching is carried out, the hole distance is 10cm, the aperture is about 6cm, and the row distance is 20cm, namely, 4 rows are sowed in each ridge in a hole mode. 2.5 kilograms of seeds are used per mu, 10 angelica seeds are sown in each hole, and 2.4 ten thousand holes are reserved per mu. While sowing, covering the seeds with fine soil, wherein the covering thickness is about 0.2cm, and covering with a sunshade net, the covering height is 50cm, and the sunshade net is jacked up by a small stick.

Field management: the first weeding is started when the first true leaves grow out on the Chinese angelica seedlings sowed in the middle of 6 months after the seedlings are aligned in the middle of 7 months. A wooden stick with the length of 100cm is used for jacking up the sunshade net, and people dig into the sunshade net for weeding, so that labor and time are saved. Or weeding while uncovering the sunshade net, and immediately covering the sunshade net after the grass is removed to prevent the seedling from burning under the irradiation of strong sunlight; and (4) weeding for the second time according to the growth condition of the weeds on the seedbed in the middle ten days of 8 months, wherein the weeding method is the same as that for the first time. The larger weed plants are pulled out or pinched off by hands, so as to prevent seedlings from being brought out. Weed can be removed in time according to the weeds in the field. Weeding for the third time in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, selecting cloudy days or cloudy days when the Chinese angelica seedlings grow to 8-10 cm high, manually removing the sunshade net, removing all impurities, and removing seedbed weeds.

The Chinese angelica seedlings are harvested and dug when leaves on the ground are yellow in the last ten days of 9 months, the time of the Chinese angelica seedlings on a seedbed reaches 100-110 days, the yield is increased by 110.5 kg/mu through testing in a harvesting and digging mode (the yield of the seedlings is 600 kg/mu through the traditional method), the actual average yield per mu is 710.5kg, and the total yield is 10657.5 kg. The ratio of usable seedlings (with the diameter of 3-5mm) is increased from 70% to more than 90%, and the quality of the seedlings is improved.

Secondly, broadcasting:

soil preparation fertilization and bunch planting are carried out simultaneously in same landmass, and the difference lies in, the bed is made: the ridge is made along the slope, the width of the ridge surface is 100-.

Sowing: the seeding amount per mu is 5 kilograms. Leveling the surface of the ridge with an iron rake, scraping the seedbed with a wooden rake, uniformly scattering the treated seeds on the surface of the ridge according to the seedbed with the width of 1.2-1.5m by hands, and preferably spreading the seeds in the windward direction when the wind is windy. Shoveling the fine soil in the channel with a round-head shovel, and pouring into a sieve on the surface of the furrow with a thickness of 0.2-0.3mm to cover the seeds tightly. After sowing, covering the surface of the ridge with gramineous weeds or straws without grass seeds uniformly, wherein the thickness of the grass is 3-5cm, pulling one straw per ridge in the middle of the surface of the ridge by using thin iron wires or thin plastic ropes at intervals of 1-1.5m to press the straws, and winding and inserting the two ends of the straws into the ridge by using bamboo sticks or wood sticks so as to prevent the straws from being lifted by wind.

Seedbed management: and (3) seedling emergence is carried out about 20 days after sowing, when 1-2 true leaves grow in the middle ten days of 7 months, the seedlings are spread by a small stick and covered with grass, and weeds are directly removed by hands while the weeds are removed and covered with the grass. Weeding is carried out once in the first middle ten days of August and once in the second middle ten days of August, and the weeding method is carried out for the first time, and large weed plants are pulled out by hands or cut off. Combining with the third weeding, selecting cloudy or cloudy days, manually uncovering the covering grass, removing all sundries, and pulling out the large grass on the seedbed.

The seedling lifting and storing time and method are the same as those of hole sowing.

Transplanting and planting places: the elevation of the Min county Min Yixincun of Dingxi City of Gansu province is 2400 m, the planting area is 2 mu, the soil is sandy loam, and the fertility of the soil is middle-high. The plot is planted for 4 years in turn, in the sequence broad bean-rape-potato-wheat.

Land preparation and fertilization: before planting, the soil is ploughed deeply and is ploughed about 20-25 cm deep. And applying enough base fertilizer by combining deep ploughing, wherein the base fertilizer takes organic fertilizer as a main material and chemical fertilizer as an auxiliary material. 3000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manure, 30-40 kilograms of diammonium phosphate and 20 kilograms of potassium sulfate are applied to each mu. In combination with deep ploughing, 500 ml of 40% phoxim missible oil, 150 g of 50% carbendazim powder or 100g of 40% thiophanate methyl wettable powder and 10 kg of fine sandy soil are mixed into toxic soil for broadcasting and applying to disinfect the soil.

Film mulching and transplanting: when the mulching film of 120cm is selected, the ridge surface is 80 cm wide, the furrow is 30cm, the row spacing is 25-30 cm, the hole spacing is 25-30 cm, the seedlings are from the seedlings obtained by the hole sowing and broadcast seedling raising of the mulching film of the LVWEL Zhendazhuancun in the embodiment 1, and the high-quality seedlings have no disease infection, no mechanical damage, few lateral roots, smooth epidermis and 3-5mm (the weight of a hundred seedlings is 80-110 g). 4 rows are planted in each ridge. Planting in 8 days after 4 months, wherein the row spacing is 25 multiplied by 25-30 cm; the previously mixed toxic soil (50 kg of fine dry soil, 80% ultra-micro wettable powder carbendazim 200 g and 15% chlorpyrifos granule 1000 g are mixed uniformly for later use) is applied to the periphery of the seedling heads, each hole is about 15 g, and the Chinese angelica seedlings are covered by the wet fine soil between ridges to prevent and treat the rough-mouth disease.

Field management and pest control: after seedling emergence, the seedlings are checked to have lacuna, withered and dead seedlings, the seedlings are timely replanted, and the prepared seedlings are transplanted with soil in rainy days for replanting. Weeding is combined, bolting plants are pulled out at any time, and the bolting rate is 17% through statistics. When the height of the seedling is about 30cm, the seedling is fixed, and 1 strong seedling is left in each hole. In the late 5 th to the early 6 th months, the root is irrigated with 500 times of a 30% suspension agent of copper (swept) succinate + glutarate to prevent and control the root rot.

Harvesting: cut off the stem and leaf on the ground in 10 months and 20 days, and plucked in 28 days in 10 months. The yield per mu of the hole sowing seedlings is counted by measuring the yield, 420 kilograms (dry basis) are produced per mu of the sowing seedlings, and the yield per mu of the broadcast sowing seedlings is 241 kilograms (dry basis), which are respectively higher than 190 kilograms and 11 kilograms of average yield (230 kilograms) in the county in the same year. The yield of the first grade is 98 percent and 35 percent respectively. The incidence rates of the disease of the pockmark are respectively 2.5 percent and 4.8 percent, and the incidence rates of the root rot are respectively 4.8 percent and 3.9 percent. The detailed results are shown in table 1.

TABLE 1 comparison of seedling data of Chinese angelica in hole sowing and broadcast sowing

Example 2:

in order to accurately master the data of various links of the seed dressing with the medicament and the soil disinfection in the aspects of emergence rate, incidence rate of root rot, seedling bifurcation and the like, the contrast tests of the seed dressing with the medicament and the soil disinfection are arranged in the same plot, and the specific seedling culture method comprises the following steps:

soil disinfection: 2 kilograms of ferrous sulfate, 0.5 kilogram of phoxim missible oil and 0.5 kilogram of carbendazim powder are mixed into the toxic soil per mu, and the toxic soil is spread on a seedbed to comprehensively prevent plant diseases and insect pests.

Medicament seed dressing: the prepared seeds are screened to remove the powder, the dead leaves of the stems are picked out, and the seeds are uniformly spread on a greenhouse film and are dried in the sun for 1 to 2 hours. 2m of seeds are put in every 2kg-3kg of seeds²-3m²Spreading the seed film, pouring 5g of 40% carbendazim and 40% phoxim into a small sprayer respectively, adding 0.2-0.3 kg of clear water, shaking uniformly, spraying on the surface of the seeds, wearing gloves, and slightly turning over by hand to ensure that the liquid medicine is sprayed uniformly. After the seeds are turned evenly, the seeds are put into a seed bag and are tightly covered for one night, and the seeds can be sowed the next day.

The sowing method and field management were the same as in example 1. The yield is reduced by 21.6 percent and 15.3 percent respectively compared with the incidence rate of the disease of the scurf and the root rot in the middle ten days of 9 months, the yield is improved by 21 percent for 3-5mm seedlings, and the detailed conditions are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2 comparison of the data on the effect of seed dressing with chemicals and soil disinfection on the angelica seedling

The foregoing is illustrative of embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof in any way. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims and is not limited by the embodiments described above, and any simple modifications or equivalent changes and modifications made to the above embodiments according to the technical spirit of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A hole sowing seedling raising method for angelica sinensis is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a) selecting land: selecting southern slope and western slope plots with the altitude of 2600-2800 m, thick soil layers, loose and fertile soil, good drainage, no water accumulation, and cool and damp shady slopes; the selected soil is black loam, lode soil, black calcium soil or black soil; selecting radix rehmanniae Preparata of raw wasteland, alternate waste land, ripe wasteland or previous crop mainly comprising cereal crop;

b) land preparation and fertilization: beginning to turn over the soil and prepare the soil in the middle ten days of the last 5 months; applying 3000 kilograms of farmyard manure or 100 kilograms of decomposed oil residues per mu, applying 20-30 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer in a matching manner, uniformly spreading the fertilizer on the ground surface, combining soil turning and land preparation, burying the fertilizer in soil, and removing field weeds and impurities;

c) soil moisture digging and film covering: after the farmland is leveled, a black mulching film with the width of 1.2m is used for mulching; the ridge width is 1.0m, the furrow is 0.3m, ridges are formed in the south and north directions of the flat land, and ridges are formed in the gentle slope along the slope direction so as to facilitate drainage; the preparation method can be combined with bed making, and meanwhile, a pest and disease prevention agent is applied;

d) timely sowing: sowing in ten days of 6 months by using a hole sowing method, wherein the seed consumption per mu is 2.5kg, holes are drilled on the mulching film according to the hole distance of 10cm, the aperture is 6 cm-7 cm, the row distance is 20cm, 4 rows are sowed in each ridge in a hole manner while the holes are drilled, 8-12 seeds are sowed in each hole, and the thickness of covering fine soil is 0.2 cm-0.3 cm;

e) covering a sunshade net: after the hill planting is finished, inserting a wood stick or branch with the length of 70cm and the thickness of 3 cm-5 cm into the seedbed walkway every 2m, and inserting the wood stick or branch into the cultivated land with the depth of 15-30cm for supporting the sunshade net; covering the seedbed with a black sunshade net with the light transmittance of 40-60%, wherein the covering height of the sunshade net is 45-50 cm;

f) weeding and uncovering the sunshade net: after the Chinese angelica seedlings sowed in the middle ten days of 6 months are aligned, and the first true leaves grow out on the partial Chinese angelica seedlings in the middle ten days of 7 months, weeding for the first time is started; carrying out secondary weeding before and after the growth condition of the weeds on the seedbed in the middle ten days of 8 months; weeding for the third time in the middle and last ten days of 8 months, selecting cloudy days or cloudy days when the Chinese angelica seedlings grow to 8-10 cm high, removing the sunshade net, removing all impurities, and removing seedbed weeds;

h) and (3) pest and disease prevention: adding 25-30ml of 40% phoxim missible oil into 30kg of water per mu in the middle and last ten days of August, spraying for pest control for 1 time every 7 days, and spraying for 2 times; from late 7 to late 8, mixing 1000 times of 30% hymexazol aqua and 500 times of 30% copper (succinate + glutarate + adipate) solution in equal parts, and spraying on leaf surfaces to prevent and treat root rot;

i) timely topdressing: when the overground part grows badly in the early stage of growth, 5 kilograms of urea can be scattered in each mu before raining; or spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g and water 50kg or other foliar fertilizers on the leaf surface in sunny days to promote the growth of angelica seedlings;

j) uncovering the film and lifting the seedlings: when the seedling age reaches 100-110 days, uncovering the film and lifting the seedlings, pricking the seedlings into small bundles every 90-110 days, and kneading the seedlings into blocks with a proper amount of wet soil at the roots.

2. The angelica sinensis hill-drop seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step c), 2 kilograms of ferrous sulfate, 0.5 kilogram of phoxim missible oil and 0.5 kilogram of carbendazim powder are mixed into poisonous soil per mu of pesticide, and the mixture is spread on a seedbed to comprehensively prevent the plant diseases and insect pests.

3. The angelica sinensis hill-drop seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: seed selection of angelica sinensis seedlings: the method is characterized in that the method accords with the standard of Chinese angelica as the traditional Chinese medicinal material seeds DB62/T2548-2014 issued by quality supervision authorities in Gansu province, first-grade seeds are selected, and the seeds come from a seed breeding base of a professional cooperative society or a seed breeding farmer with clear variety sources; the seeds collected from the three-year-old plants are selected, and the seeds newly collected in the last year have the purity of more than or equal to 98 percent, the purity of more than or equal to 95 percent, the water content of less than or equal to 10 percent and the germination rate of more than or equal to 90 percent.

4. The angelica sinensis hill-drop seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step d), medicament seed dressing during sowing: 2m of seeds are put in every 2kg-3kg of seeds²-3m²Spreading the seed film, pouring 5g of 40% carbendazim and 40% phoxim into a sprayer respectively, adding 0.2kg-0.3kg of clear water, shaking uniformly, spraying on the surface of the seeds, wearing gloves, and slightly turning over by hand to ensure that the liquid medicine is sprayed uniformly; after the seeds are turned evenly, the seeds are put into a seed bag and are tightly covered for one night, and the seeds can be sowed the next day.

5. The angelica sinensis hill-drop seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step f), the weeding operation is as follows: jacking up the sunshade net by using a wooden stick with the length of 100cm, and drilling a person into the sunshade net to weed; or weeding while uncovering the sunshade net, and immediately covering the sunshade net after the grass is removed, so as to prevent the seedling from burning under the irradiation of strong sunlight; larger weed plants are pulled out or cut off by hands, so that seedlings are prevented from being brought out; weed can be removed in time according to the weeds in the field.

6. The angelica sinensis hill-drop seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in step j), the operation method for film uncovering and seedling lifting comprises the following steps: removing soil pressed on two sides of the mulching film from an upward slope along the ridge direction by using a hoe, and then removing the mulching film; digging seedlings from the lower side of the land, vertically digging 20cm into the soil layer by using three-tooth claws, shaking the three-tooth claws, digging a plough layer, and manually picking out the seedlings.

7. The angelica sinensis hill-drop seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step j), the seedling lifting comprises the following steps:

1) selecting seedlings: unqualified seedlings with small size, large size, excessive side roots, diseased seedlings, insect-damaged seedlings and mechanical damaged seedlings are removed in the seedling digging process;

2) bundling seedlings: after the seedling is dug out and is selected, the blade on the seedling is pulled by hand, the petiole with the length of 1cm is left, the proper amount of soil is contained in the root part and is pinched into blocks, and the seedling soil proportion is 1: bundling 1, 90-110 seedlings into one bundle;

3) airing the seedlings: selecting a shade place on the spot, placing one bundle of seedling in a slant way, exposing the head of the seedling bundle to dissipate water, and covering the seedling bundle with the leaf of the Chinese angelica seedling pulled down when sunlight is strong; when the seedlings are collected, the bundled seedlings are packed in a pack basket or a woven bag in layers and transported to home or a cooperative.

8. The angelica sinensis hill-drop seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step j), timely lifting seedlings according to the regional conditions: the seedling raising field in the high mountain area is dug when the leaves on the ground are yellow in the late 9 th month, the seedling raising field in the semi-mountain area can be dug in the early 10 th month, and the seedling raising field in the low mountain area can be dug before the leaves are not withered in the middle 10 th month.

9. The angelica sinensis hill-drop seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the seedling lifting step, the method also comprises k) a seedling storage step: storing the seedlings by adopting a stacking method: building a simple shed at a place which is dry outdoors, high in terrain and cool and ventilated, paving a layer of fine soil on the ground in the simple shed, enabling the heads of seedlings to face outwards and the tails to face inwards, covering a layer of seedlings with a layer of soil, wherein the thickness of the soil layer is 5cm, filling gaps among the seedlings, covering the seedlings with 1-2cm, stacking the seedlings into stacks with the height of 0.8-1.2m, and placing for 15-25 days to ensure that the seedlings properly lose water; in the middle ten days of 11 months, building up the periphery of the seedling pile by using bricks or soil blocks at a distance of 10cm, filling the middle by using moist fine raw soil, covering the top of the seedling pile by using moist raw soil for 30cm, and when the ground is frozen, covering the surface of the seedling pile by using a shed film to prevent surface moisture from evaporating and the seedling bundle loses water; the seedling storage period is 140-160 days.

10. The angelica sinensis hill-drop seedling method according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the seedling lifting step, the method also comprises k) a seedling storage step: storing the seedlings by adopting a cellaring method: building a seedling storage, paving a layer of fine soil on the ground in the storage, enabling the seedling heads to face outwards and the tails to face inwards, covering gaps among the seedling bundles with a layer of soil with the thickness of 5cm, covering the seedling bundles with 1-2cm, stacking the seedling bundles with the height of 0.8-1.2m, and placing for 15-25 days to ensure that the seedling bundles lose water properly; digging rectangular pits with the depth of 0.8-1.2 in a warehouse, wherein the length and the width of the pits are determined according to the number of seedlings, paving a layer of semi-dry raw soil at the bottom of the pit, and then alternately stacking the raw soil and the seedlings layer by layer, wherein the soil layer is 3cm thick; when the mixture is piled up to be 20cm away from the top of the cellar, covering soil on the top of the mixture to the top of the cellar; reserving an air vent with the diameter of 10cm at the cellar opening, and covering the air vent with soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm; the seedling storage period is 140-160 days.