CN114557241B - Method for improving female flower proportion of crisp melon - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving female flower proportion of crisp melon, which comprises the following steps: spraying ASIT on the leaves when the plants grow to 2 true leaves; when the leaves grow to 5 leaves, hanging the main vines; when the leaves grow to 6 true leaves, removing lateral vines below 5 leaves, and reserving a main vine; spraying ASIT on the leaves when the leaves grow to 6 true leaves; removing odd-numbered knots from the 6 th knots of the main vines, and spraying ASIT on even-numbered knots; from the section 6 of the main vine, after each new blade is unfolded, spraying diamine putrescine and triamine spermidine solution at the joint of the blade stem and the main vine; starting from the 6 th section of the main vine, when the two leaves of the remaining vine are removed, keeping the outermost heart leaves of the vine to continue growing, and removing the remaining heart leaves; removing all Sun Man on the vines, and spraying ethephon on the leaf stems of all leaves; when the fruits grow to the size of eggs, each seed vine retains one fruit; and topping the main vines at 16-18 sections. The invention can increase the number of flowers in the growing period of the crisp melon, improve the proportion of female flowers, shorten the mature period of the crisp melon and accelerate the breeding process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for improving female flower proportion of crisp melon.
Background
The crisp melon is also called as the claw honey, is one of thin-skin melons, is sweet and crisp in fruits and rich in varieties in river basin of the original Anhui province, is a good product for relieving summer heat, and is popular with local consumers.
At present, most varieties of commercially cultivated crisp melons are first-generation hybrids, and first-generation hybrid seeds are produced by basically adopting a bud period emasculation pollination mode. However, most of the varieties for production and cultivation still have the same male flower and amphiprotic flower, and the pollinating process requires complicated work such as manual emasculation, bagging and the like. The seed production method has the defects of labor consumption, low efficiency, long period, easiness in being influenced by natural disasters and the like, and the purity of the first generation hybrid seeds can not be ensured due to incomplete emasculation. Therefore, compared with the same plant of the male flower and the female flower, the same plant variety of the male flower and the female flower is used for breeding, the artificial emasculation step can be reduced, the labor force is saved, and the purity of the first-generation hybrid seeds is effectively ensured. Meanwhile, compared with a female line, the period for cultivating the same-plant material of the female and male flowers is shorter, and the selfing means is simpler, so that the same-plant material of the male and female flowers is favored by current breeding workers.
At present, the prior art strengthens females by continuously breeding strong female plants in the same female and male heteroflower plants, and further obtains strong female lines. Therefore, how to shorten the breeding time of the strong female line, accelerate the female improvement speed and have important significance for the breeding work of the crisp melon.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a method for improving the female flower proportion of crisp melons, which can obviously increase the number of flowers in the growing period of the crisp melons, improve the female flower proportion, shorten the mature period of the crisp melons and accelerate the breeding process.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
a method for improving the female flower proportion of crisp melon adopts a vine hanging method to cultivate the crisp melon plant, and comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: when the crisp melon plants grow to 2 true leaves, 1200 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution is sprayed on the front and back sides of the leaves;
step 2: in the early stage of pruning, when the crisp melon plants grow to 5 leaves, the main vines are lifted;
step 3: when the crisp melon plants continue to grow to 6 true leaves, all lateral vines below 5 leaves are removed, and one main vine is reserved;
step 4: when the crisp melon plants grow to 6 true leaves, spraying 800 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution on the front surfaces of the leaves;
step 5: removing the son vines at odd numbered knots from the 6 th knots of the main vines in the mid-pruning period, and spraying 1000 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution on lateral buds of the son vines at even numbered knots;
step 6: starting from the 6 th section of the main vine, after each new leaf is fully unfolded, spraying a diamine putrescine solution and a triamine spermidine solution at the joint of the leaf stalk and the main vine, spraying for 1 time a day, and continuously spraying for 3 days;
step 7: starting from the 6 th section of the main vine, when the remaining vine sprouts out two leaves, keeping a piece of heart leaf at the outermost side of the vine for continuous growth, and removing the remaining heart leaves;
step 8: at the later stage of pruning, all Sun Man buds on the vines are removed, and ethephon solution is sprayed at the leaf stalks of each leaf, 1 time a day, and 3 days continuously;
step 9: when the fruits grow to the size of an egg, each vine remains one fruit, and the rest fruits and the rest flower buds on the vine are removed;
step 10: topping when the main vines are 16-18 sections, and completing all the operations.
In the step 1, the Ti concentration in the 1200-fold liquid of the hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution is 2.9mg/L.
In the step 4, the Ti concentration in the 800-fold liquid of the hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution is 4.4mg/L.
In the step 5, the Ti concentration in the 1000-fold liquid of the hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution is 3.5mg/L.
As one of the preferable modes of the invention, in the step 6, the concentration of the diamine putrescine solution sprayed at the joint of the petioles and the main vines is 0.8X10 -3 mol/L, concentration of triamine spermidine solution is 1×10 -4 mol/L。
As one of the preferable modes of the invention, in the step 8, the concentration of the ethephon solution sprayed at the blade shank is 150mg/L.
In step 9, when the fruit grows to the egg size, each vine retains a strong fruit with the same size, and the rest fruits and the rest flower buds on the vine are removed.
In the step 9, the egg size is 4-6 cm high and the center diameter is 1.5-2.5 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) The method is simple and convenient to operate;
(2) The method for cultivating the crisp melon can obviously increase the number of flowers in the growing period of the crisp melon, improve the proportion of female flowers and strengthen the female of the crisp melon;
(3) The method for cultivating the crisp cucumber can advance the opening time of the first female flower of the crisp cucumber, shorten the maturation period of the crisp cucumber and shorten the breeding time of the strong female line.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic operation diagram of the method for increasing female flower ratio of crisp melon in example 3 (in the figure, "X" represents the operations of removing or topping);
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the growth state of melon plants after the pruning and topping operation in example 3;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of female flowers on melon plants after the pruning topping operation of example 3.
Detailed Description
The following describes in detail the examples of the present invention, which are implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and detailed embodiments and specific operation procedures are given, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
The method for improving the female flower proportion of the crisp melon adopts a vine hanging method to cultivate the crisp melon plant and comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: when the crisp melon plants grow to 2 true leaves, 1200 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ion titanium aqueous solution (Ti=2.9 mg/L, purchased from titanium valley (Tianjin) technology Co., ltd.) is uniformly sprayed on the front and back sides of the leaves.
Step 2: and (3) in the early stage of pruning, when the crisp melon plants grow to 5 leaves, hanging the main vines.
Step 3: when the crisp melon plants continue to grow to 6 true leaves, all lateral vines below 5 leaves are removed, and one main vine is reserved.
Step 4: when the crisp melon plants grow to 6 true leaves, 800 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ion titanium aqueous solution (Ti=4.4 mg/L, purchased from titanium valley (Tianjin) technology Co., ltd.) is sprayed on the front surfaces of the leaves.
Step 5: mid-pruning, starting from the 6 th node of the main vine, removing the vines at the odd-numbered node positions, and spraying 1000 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution (Ti=3.5 mg/L, purchased from titanium valley (Tianjin) technology Co., ltd.) on the lateral buds of the vines at the even-numbered node positions.
Step 6: from section 6 of the main vine, after each new leaf is fully unfolded, a solution of putrescine diamine (0.8X10) is sprayed at the junction of the leaf stalk and the main vine -3 mol/L) and triamine spermidine solution (1X 10) -4 mol/L), spraying for 1 time a day, and continuously spraying for 3 days.
Step 7: and (3) starting from the 6 th section of the main vine, keeping a piece of heart leaf at the outermost side of the main vine to continue growing when the remaining vine germinates to form two leaves, and removing the remaining heart leaves.
Step 8: at the later stage of pruning, all Sun Man buds on the vines are removed, and an ethephon solution (150 mg/L) is sprayed at the leaf stalks of each leaf, 1 time a day for 3 days continuously.
Step 9: when the fruits grow to the size of an egg (height 4cm, center diameter 1.5 cm), each vine remains a healthy fruit with the same size, and the rest fruits and the rest flower buds on the vine are removed.
Step 10: topping when the main vine is 16 sections, and completing all the operations.
Example 2
The method for improving the female flower proportion of the crisp melon adopts a vine hanging method to cultivate the crisp melon plant and comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: when the crisp melon plants grow to 2 true leaves, 1200 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ion titanium aqueous solution (Ti=2.9 mg/L, purchased from titanium valley (Tianjin) technology Co., ltd.) is uniformly sprayed on the front and back sides of the leaves.
Step 2: and (3) in the early stage of pruning, when the crisp melon plants grow to 5 leaves, hanging the main vines.
Step 3: when the crisp melon plants continue to grow to 6 true leaves, all lateral vines below 5 leaves are removed, and one main vine is reserved.
Step 4: when the crisp melon plants grow to 6 true leaves, 800 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ion titanium aqueous solution (Ti=4.4 mg/L, purchased from titanium valley (Tianjin) technology Co., ltd.) is sprayed on the front surfaces of the leaves.
Step 5: mid-pruning, starting from the 6 th node of the main vine, removing the vines at the odd-numbered node positions, and spraying 1000 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution (Ti=3.5 mg/L, purchased from titanium valley (Tianjin) technology Co., ltd.) on the lateral buds of the vines at the even-numbered node positions.
Step 6: from section 6 of the main vine, after each new leaf is fully unfolded, a solution of putrescine diamine (0.8X10) is sprayed at the junction of the leaf stalk and the main vine -3 mol/L) and triamine spermidine solution (1X 10) -4 mol/L), spraying for 1 time a day, and continuously spraying for 3 days.
Step 7: and (3) starting from the 6 th section of the main vine, keeping a piece of heart leaf at the outermost side of the main vine to continue growing when the remaining vine germinates to form two leaves, and removing the remaining heart leaves.
Step 8: at the later stage of pruning, all Sun Man buds on the vines are removed, and an ethephon solution (150 mg/L) is sprayed at the leaf stalks of each leaf, 1 time a day for 3 days continuously.
Step 9: when the fruits grow to the size of an egg (height 6cm, center diameter 2.5 cm), each vine remains a healthy fruit with the same size, and the rest fruits and the rest flower buds on the vine are removed.
Step 10: topping when the main vine 17 is cut, and completing all the operations.
Example 3
The method for improving the female flower proportion of the crisp melon in the embodiment adopts a vine hanging method to cultivate the crisp melon plant, and referring to fig. 1, the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: when the crisp melon plants grow to 2 true leaves, 1200 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ion titanium aqueous solution (Ti=2.9 mg/L, purchased from titanium valley (Tianjin) technology Co., ltd.) is uniformly sprayed on the front and back sides of the leaves.
Step 2: and (3) in the early stage of pruning, when the crisp melon plants grow to 5 leaves, hanging the main vines.
Step 3: when the crisp melon plants continue to grow to 6 true leaves, all lateral vines below 5 leaves are removed, and one main vine is reserved.
Step 4: when the crisp melon plants grow to 6 true leaves, 800 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ion titanium aqueous solution (Ti=4.4 mg/L, purchased from titanium valley (Tianjin) technology Co., ltd.) is sprayed on the front surfaces of the leaves.
Step 5: mid-pruning, from the 6 th node of the main vine, the vines at odd-numbered nodes are removed (as shown in fig. 1), and 1000 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ion titanium aqueous solution (ti=3.5 mg/L, available from titanium valley (Tianjin) technology company) is sprayed on the lateral buds of the vines at even-numbered nodes.
Step 6: from section 6 of the main vine, after each new leaf is fully unfolded, a solution of putrescine diamine (0.8X10) is sprayed at the junction of the leaf stalk and the main vine -3 mol/L) and triamine spermidine solution (1X 10) -4 mol/L), spraying for 1 time a day, and continuously spraying for 3 days.
Step 7: and (3) starting from the 6 th section of the main vine, keeping a piece of heart leaf at the outermost side of the main vine to continue growing when the remaining vine germinates to form two leaves, and removing the remaining heart leaves.
Step 8: at the later stage of pruning, all Sun Man buds on the vines are removed, and an ethephon solution (150 mg/L) is sprayed at the leaf stalks of each leaf, 1 time a day for 3 days continuously.
Step 9: when the fruits grow to the size of an egg (height of 5cm, center diameter of 2.0 cm), one robust fruit with the same size is reserved in each vine, and the rest fruits and the rest flower buds on the vine are removed (as shown in figure 1).
Step 10: topping (as shown in fig. 1) at the main vine 18 node completes all operations.
The final plant state is shown in fig. 2, and the female flowers grown are shown in fig. 3.
Example 4
This example was used to verify the effect of hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium Aqueous Solution (ASIT) on the female flower ratio of melon in the methods of examples 1-3 above:
the cultivation method adopts Pan set crisp melon cultivars 'Huai crisp No. 1', 'Huai crisp No. 2', 'Huai crisp No. 3', and comprises vine hanging cultivation in a facility, wherein the plant row spacing is 120cm multiplied by 50cm.
The soil environment accords with the environmental quality condition of the NY/T391 green food producing area, the topography is flat, the drainage and irrigation are convenient, and the soil layer is deep; the facility selects a standard steel frame plastic greenhouse with the span of 8m and the length of 66m, and each greenhouse is planted in 4 furrows, and each furrow is 60 meters long.
The experimental method comprises the following steps: each melon cultivar was divided into two batches, one batch was carried out exactly as in example 3 (indicated as hydrolysis resistant stable aqueous titanium solution treatment group), the other batch was replaced with clear water, and the other batch was carried out in the same manner as in example 3 (indicated as clear water treatment group). And finally determining the female flower proportion of the crisp melon.
Experimental results: as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 influence of hydrolysis-resistant stabilizing ion titanium ASIT on female flower ratio of various melon varieties
| Cultivars of cultivars | Clean water treatment group | Hydrolysis resistant stable ion titanium aqueous solution treatment group |
| Huai crisp 1 | 35.91％b | 83.45％a |
| Huai crisp No. 2 | 35.81％b | 80.59％a |
| Huai crispNo. 3 | 35.10％b | 81.29％a |
As can be seen from Table 1, the invention makes innovations for the energy accumulation characteristics of the crisp melon in different stages of seedling stage and flowering stage, utilizes the characteristic of self energy level jump of 'titanium ion', converts light energy into chemical energy and then converts the chemical energy into biological energy by means of enzyme, improves the photosynthetic efficiency of plants, increases the accumulation of biological energy, cooperates with pruning operation, changes the ratio of the crisp melon biological energy source-reservoir, concentrates the biological energy to flower buds, promotes the accumulation of the biological energy of female flowers, and obtains the effects of changing the flower sex type and improving the female flower ratio while increasing the number of flowers. The targeted pruning and the spraying of the hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium solution are combined to obtain a brand new effect of 1+1> 2.
Example 5
The embodiment is used for verifying the overall influence of different processing modes on the flowering period, the flower type, the proportion and the flower quantity of the crisp melon:
the cultivation method adopts Pan set crisp melon cultivars 'Huai crisp No. 1', 'Huai crisp No. 2', 'Huai crisp No. 3', and comprises vine hanging cultivation in a facility, wherein the plant row spacing is 120cm multiplied by 50cm.
And planting for 8 months and 15 days.
The soil environment accords with the environmental quality condition of the NY/T391 green food producing area, the topography is flat, the drainage and irrigation are convenient, and the soil layer is deep; the facility selects a standard steel frame plastic greenhouse with the span of 8m and the length of 66m, and each greenhouse is planted in 4 furrows, and each furrow is 60 meters long.
The experimental method comprises the following steps: five treatment modes are set, and each crisp melon cultivar is divided into five batches, and each batch is treated by corresponding to one treatment mode. Finally, the flowering period, the flower type, the proportion and the flower quantity of different melon cultivars under different treatment modes are measured.
Wherein, the first treatment mode adopts the method of the embodiment 3, and is expressed as a method group of the invention.
The second treatment mode is a single vine pruning group, and the treatment steps are as follows:
step 1: when the plants grow to 4 th true leaves, the main vines are lifted:
step 2: removing the vines below the 4 th section, and reserving the remaining vines;
step 3: the fruit grows to the size of an egg, each vine is reserved with a robust fruit with basically consistent size, the rest fruits are removed, a leaf is reserved after melon, and the vine is picked;
step 4: and topping when the plants grow to about 16 knots, and finishing all the operations.
The third treatment mode is a double-vine pruning group, and the treatment steps are as follows:
step 1: picking the heart of the plant when the plant is 4-5 true leaves;
step 2: when the vines grow to 15cm, fixing the vines, selecting and reserving two strong vines with consistent growth, and timely removing the rest of the strong vines;
step 3: topping the branches at the 14 th section of the tendril;
step 4: 4-5 well developed Sun Man melon seeds are selected and reserved in each seed vine;
step 5: the melon Sun Man leaves 1 leaf behind the melon and is picked;
step 6: when the young melon grows to the size of an egg, removing diseased fruits, deformed fruits and cracked fruits.
The treatment mode is a three-vine pruning group, and the treatment steps are as follows:
step 1: when the plant grows to five true leaves, picking off terminal buds of the plant;
step 2: 3 to 4 side tendrils are reserved;
step 3: after the lateral vines grow to 40 cm, 3 strong lateral vines without plant diseases and insect pests are selected and reserved;
step 4: when the lateral vines grow to 80-120 cm, selecting 2-3 fruit branches when two lateral vines are in 11-14 knots;
step 5: two side vines are used as reproductive vines, the other side vines are used as nutritional vines, and 3 vines are hung by hanging ropes;
step 6: when the fruits develop to the size of eggs, healthy fruits with the same shape, no plant diseases and insect pests and basically the same size are selected and remained in 4-5 fruit shapes on the two reproductive vines, and the rest fruits are removed.
The fifth treatment mode is not pruning group, and the production process is not pruning.
Experimental results: as shown in tables 2, 3 and 4.
TABLE 2 influence of different treatments on the flower shape, proportion and quantity of "Huai crisp No. 1" crisp melon
TABLE 3 influence of different treatments on the flower shape, proportion and quantity of "Huai crisp No. 2" crisp melon
TABLE 4 influence of different treatments on the flower shape, proportion and quantity of "Huai crisp 3" crisp melon
From tables 2-3, the method can obviously increase the number of the flower of the crisp melon, improve the proportion of female flowers, shorten the maturity period of the crisp melon and accelerate the breeding process.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The method for improving the female flower proportion of the crisp melon is characterized by cultivating the crisp melon plant by a vine hanging method and comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: when the crisp melon plants grow to 2 true leaves, 1200 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution is sprayed on the front and back sides of the leaves; the Ti concentration in the 1200 times liquid of the hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution is 2.9mg/L;
step 2: in the early stage of pruning, when the crisp melon plants grow to 5 leaves, the main vines are lifted;
step 3: when the crisp melon plants continue to grow to 6 true leaves, all lateral vines below 5 leaves are removed, and one main vine is reserved;
step 4: when the crisp melon plants grow to 6 true leaves, spraying 800 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution on the front surfaces of the leaves; the Ti concentration in the 800 times liquid of the hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution is 4.4mg/L;
step 5: removing the son vines at odd numbered knots from the 6 th knots of the main vines in the mid-pruning period, and spraying 1000 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution on lateral buds of the son vines at even numbered knots; the Ti concentration in the 1000 times liquid of the hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution is 3.5mg/L;
step 6: starting from the 6 th section of the main vine, after each new leaf is fully unfolded, spraying a diamine putrescine solution and a triamine spermidine solution at the joint of the leaf stalk and the main vine, spraying for 1 time a day, and continuously spraying for 3 days;
step 7: starting from the 6 th section of the main vine, when the remaining vine sprouts out two leaves, keeping a piece of heart leaf at the outermost side of the vine for continuous growth, and removing the remaining heart leaves;
step 8: at the later stage of pruning, all Sun Man buds on the vines are removed, and ethephon solution is sprayed at the leaf stalks of each leaf, 1 time a day, and 3 days continuously;
step 9: when the fruits grow to the size of an egg, each vine remains one fruit, and the rest fruits and the rest flower buds on the vine are removed;
step 10: topping when the main vines are 16-18 sections, and completing all the operations.
2. The method for increasing female flower ratio of crisp melon according to claim 1, wherein in said step 6, the concentration of the diamine putrescine solution sprayed at the junction of the leafstalk and the main vine is 0.8x10 -3 mol/L, concentration of triamine spermidine solution is 1×10 - 4 mol/L。
3. The method for increasing the female flower ratio of crisp melon according to claim 1, wherein in the step 8, the concentration of the ethephon solution sprayed on the leaf stems of the leaves is 150mg/L.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in step 9, when the fruit grows to the size of an egg, one robust fruit with the same size is reserved in each vine, and the rest fruits and the rest flower buds on the vine are removed.
5. The method for increasing female flower ratio of crisp melon according to claim 1, wherein in the step 9, the egg size is 4-6 cm high and the center diameter is 1.5-2.5 cm.
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