CN114557241A - Method for improving ratio of female flowers of crisp melon - Google Patents
Method for improving ratio of female flowers of crisp melon Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the ratio of female flowers of cucumis melo: when the plant grows to 2 true leaves, spraying ASIT on the leaves; when the main vines grow to 5 leaves, the main vines are hoisted; when 6 main leaves grow, removing the lateral vines below 5 main vines, and reserving one main vine; when 6 true leaves grow, spraying ASIT on the leaves; picking off odd-numbered branch vines from the 6 th branch of the main vine, and spraying ASIT on even-numbered branch vines; from the 6 th section of the main vine, after each new blade is unfolded, spraying diamine putrescine and triamine spermidine solution at the joint of a leaf stalk and the main vine; from the 6 th section of the main vine, when the rest of the sub vines are out of two leaves, the heart leaves at the outermost side of the sub vines are reserved for continuous growth, and the rest heart leaves are removed; picking all the grandparents on the subsidiary vines, and spraying ethephon at the leaf stalks of each leaf; when the fruits grow to the size of the eggs, one fruit is reserved for each seed vine; and (4) topping 16-18 sections of the main vines. The invention can increase the number of flowers in the growth period of the crisp melon, improve the proportion of female flowers, shorten the mature period of the crisp melon and accelerate the breeding process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for improving the ratio of female flowers of a crisp melon.
Background
The crisp melon is also named as the claw honey, is one of thin-skin melons, is originally produced in Jianghuai river basin in Anhui province, is fragrant, sweet, crisp and rich in variety, is a poor good product for relieving summer heat in summer, and is deeply loved by local consumers.
At present, the majority of commercial culture cucumis melo varieties are first generation hybrids, and a first generation hybrid seed is produced by adopting a emasculation and pollination mode in a bud period. However, most of the varieties produced and cultivated are still male flower amphoteric flower isoplants, and the artificial emasculation, bagging and other tedious work is required in the pollination process. The seed production mode has the defects of labor waste, low efficiency, long period, easy influence of natural disasters and the like, and the purity of the first generation hybrid seeds can not be ensured due to incomplete castration. Therefore, compared with male flower isosexual plants, the method for breeding the hybrid seeds has the advantages that the artificial emasculation steps can be reduced, the labor force is saved, and the purity of the first-generation hybrid seeds is effectively guaranteed. Meanwhile, compared with a female line, the period for cultivating the isofloric material of the male and female is shorter, and the selfing means is simpler, so the isofloric material of the male and female is favored by the breeding workers at present.
At present, in the prior art, strong female plants in heterosexual plants are continuously bred to strengthen female, so that strong female lines are further obtained. Therefore, how to shorten the breeding time of the strong female line and accelerate the female breeding speed is of great significance to the crisp melon breeding work.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for improving the female flower proportion of the crisp melon, which can obviously increase the number of flowers in the growth period of the crisp melon, improve the female flower proportion, shorten the mature period of the crisp melon and accelerate the breeding process.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme to solve the technical problems:
a method for improving the female flower proportion of the cucumis melo is to cultivate cucumis melo plants by a vine hanging method, and comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: when the crisp melon plants grow to 2 true leaves, spraying 1200 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ion titanium aqueous solution on the front and back surfaces of the leaves;
step 2: in the early pruning stage, when the crisp melon plants grow to 5 leaves, the main vines are lifted;
and 3, step 3: when the crisp melon plant continuously grows to 6 main leaves, removing all lateral vines below 5 leaves, and reserving a main vine;
and 4, step 4: when the crisp melon plants grow to 6 true leaves, spraying 800 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution on the front surfaces of the leaves;
and 5: in the middle stage of pruning, picking off the subsidiary tendrils at odd-numbered nodes from the 6 th node of the main tendrils, and spraying 1000 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ion titanium aqueous solution on the lateral buds of the subsidiary tendrils at even-numbered nodes;
step 6: from the 6 th section of the main vine, after each new blade is completely unfolded, spraying a diamine putrescine solution and a triamine spermidine solution at the joint of a leaf stalk and the main vine for 1 time every day, and continuously spraying for 3 days;
and 7: from the 6 th section of the main vine, when the remaining sub-vines germinate into two leaves, a heart leaf at the outermost side of the sub-vines is reserved for continuous growth, and the remaining heart leaves are removed;
and 8: in the later period of pruning, picking off all the buds of the grandma, spraying ethephon solution at the leaf stalk of each leaf for 1 time every day, and continuously spraying for 3 days;
and step 9: when the fruits grow to the size of eggs, reserving one fruit for each branch, and removing the rest fruits and the rest flower buds on the branches;
step 10: and (4) topping the main vines for 16-18 sections to complete all operations.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 1, the Ti concentration of the 1200 times solution of the hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution is 2.9 mg/L.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 4, the Ti concentration in the 800-fold aqueous titanium solution stabilized against hydrolysis is 4.4 mg/L.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 5, the Ti concentration in the 1000-fold solution of the hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution is 3.5 mg/L.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in step 6, the concentration of the diamine putrescine solution sprayed on the joint of the leaf stalks and the main vine is 0.8 × 10-3mol/L, the concentration of the spermidine triamine solution is 1 x 10-4mol/L。
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 8, the concentration of the ethephon solution sprayed on the leaf stalks of the leaves is 150 mg/L.
In a preferred mode of the invention, in the step 9, when the fruits grow to the size of eggs, each of the vines retains a healthy fruit with the same size, and the rest fruits and the rest flower buds on the vines are removed.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step 9, the height of the egg is 4 to 6cm, and the central diameter is 1.5 to 2.5 cm.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
(1) the method is simple and convenient to operate;
(2) by adopting the method for cultivating the crisp melons, the number of flowers in the growth period of the crisp melons can be obviously increased, the proportion of female flowers is improved, and the female property of the crisp melons is enhanced;
(3) the method for cultivating the crisp melon can be used for advancing the blooming time of the first female flower of the crisp melon, shortening the mature period of the crisp melon and shortening the breeding time of a strong female line.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the operation of the method for increasing the ratio of female flowers of Cucumis sativus in example 3 (in the figure, "X" represents the removal or topping operation);
FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the growth of a Cucumis melo plant after pruning and topping in example 3;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of female flowers on Cucumis sativus plants after pruning and topping in example 3.
Detailed Description
The following examples are given for the detailed implementation and specific operation of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1
According to the method for improving the female flower proportion of the cucumis melo, the cucumis melo plant is cultivated by a vine hanging method, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: when the crisp melon plants grow to 2 true leaves, 1200 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution (Ti is 2.9mg/L and is purchased from Tianjin science and technology limited) is uniformly sprayed on the front surface and the back surface of the leaves.
Step 2: and in the early pruning stage, when the crisp melon plants grow to 5 leaves, lifting the main vine.
And step 3: when the crisp melon plant continuously grows to 6 main leaves, all the lateral vines below 5 leaves are removed, and a main vine is reserved.
And 4, step 4: when the crisp melon plants grow to 6 true leaves, 800 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution (Ti is 4.4mg/L and is purchased from Tigu (Tianjin) science and technology limited) is sprayed on the front surfaces of the leaves.
And 5: in the middle stage of pruning, the part 6 of the main vine is removed, the part with odd number of branches is removed, and 1000 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ion titanium aqueous solution (Ti is 3.5mg/L and is purchased from Titan Gu (Tianjin) science and technology Limited) is sprayed on the lateral buds of the part with even number of branches.
And 6: spraying diamine putrescine solution (0.8 × 10) at the joint of leaf stalk and main vine after each new leaf is completely unfolded from section 6 of main vine-3mol/L) and a solution of spermidine triamine (1X 10)-4mol/L) is sprayed for 3 days continuously, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time every day.
And 7: and (3) from the 6 th section of the main vine, when the remaining sub-vines germinate into two leaves, keeping one heart leaf on the outermost side of the sub-vines to continue growing, and removing the remaining heart leaves.
And 8: at the later stage of pruning, all the buds of the grandma are picked off, and ethephon solution (150mg/L) is sprayed on the leaf stalk of each leaf for 1 time every day for 3 days.
And step 9: when the fruit grows to the size of the egg (the height is 4cm, and the central diameter is 1.5cm), each branch retains a robust fruit with the same size, and the rest fruits and the rest flower buds on the branch are removed.
Step 10: and (5) topping the main vine 16 sections to complete all the operations.
Example 2
According to the method for improving the ratio of the female flowers of the cucumis melo, the cucumis melo plant is cultivated by a tendril hanging method, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: when the crisp melon plants grow to 2 true leaves, 1200 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution (Ti is 2.9mg/L and is purchased from Tianjin science and technology Co., Ltd.) is uniformly sprayed on the front surface and the back surface of the leaves.
And 2, step: and in the early pruning stage, when the crisp melon plants grow to 5 leaves, lifting the main vine.
And step 3: when the crisp melon plant continuously grows to 6 main leaves, all lateral vines below 5 leaves are removed, and a main vine is reserved.
And 4, step 4: when the crisp melon plants grow to 6 true leaves, 800 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution (Ti is 4.4mg/L and is purchased from Tigu (Tianjin) science and technology limited) is sprayed on the front surfaces of the leaves.
And 5: in the middle stage of pruning, the part 6 of the main vine is removed, the part with odd number of branches is removed, and 1000 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ion titanium aqueous solution (Ti is 3.5mg/L and is purchased from Titan Gu (Tianjin) science and technology Limited) is sprayed on the lateral buds of the part with even number of branches.
Step 6: spraying diamine putrescine solution (0.8 × 10) at the joint of leaf stalk and main vine after each new leaf is completely unfolded from section 6 of main vine-3mol/L) and a solution of spermidine triamine (1X 10)-4mol/L) is sprayed for 3 days continuously, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time every day.
And 7: and (3) from the 6 th section of the main vine, when the remaining sub-vines germinate into two leaves, keeping one heart leaf on the outermost side of the sub-vines to continue growing, and removing the remaining heart leaves.
And 8: at the later stage of pruning, all the buds of the grandma are removed, and ethephon solution (150mg/L) is sprayed on the leaf stalk of each leaf for 1 time every day for 3 days.
And step 9: when the fruit grows to the size of the egg (height is 6cm, central diameter is 2.5cm), each branch retains a robust fruit with the same size, and the rest fruits and the rest flower buds on the branch are removed.
Step 10: and (5) topping the main vine 17 sections to complete all the operations.
Example 3
According to the method for improving the ratio of the female flowers of the cucumis melo, the cucumis melo plant is cultivated by a tendril suspension method, and referring to fig. 1, the method comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: when the crisp melon plants grow to 2 true leaves, 1200 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution (Ti is 2.9mg/L and is purchased from Tianjin science and technology limited) is uniformly sprayed on the front surface and the back surface of the leaves.
Step 2: and in the early pruning stage, when the crisp melon plants grow to 5 leaves, lifting the main vine.
And step 3: when the crisp melon plant continuously grows to 6 main leaves, all lateral vines below 5 leaves are removed, and a main vine is reserved.
And 4, step 4: when the crisp melon plants grow to 6 true leaves, 800 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution (Ti is 4.4mg/L and is purchased from Tigu (Tianjin) science and technology limited) is sprayed on the front surfaces of the leaves.
And 5: in the middle stage of pruning, starting from the 6 th section of the main vine, the subsidiary vines at odd-numbered sections are removed (as shown in figure 1), and 1000 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ion titanium aqueous solution (Ti is 3.5mg/L, purchased from Titan valley (Tianjin) science and technology limited) is sprayed on the lateral buds of the subsidiary vines at even-numbered sections.
Step 6: spraying diamine putrescine solution (0.8 × 10) at the joint of leaf stalk and main vine after each new leaf is completely unfolded from section 6 of main vine-3mol/L) and a solution of spermidine triamine (1X 10)-4mol/L) is sprayed for 3 days continuously, and the spraying is carried out for 1 time every day.
And 7: and (3) from the 6 th section of the main vine, when the remaining sub-vines germinate into two leaves, keeping one heart leaf on the outermost side of the sub-vines to continue growing, and removing the remaining heart leaves.
And 8: at the later stage of pruning, all the buds of the grandma are picked off, and ethephon solution (150mg/L) is sprayed on the leaf stalk of each leaf for 1 time every day for 3 days.
And step 9: when the fruit grows to egg size (5 cm high, 2.0cm central diameter), each vine retains a robust fruit of consistent size, and the remaining fruit and the remaining flower buds on the vine are removed (as shown in fig. 1).
Step 10: and (4) topping the main vine 18 sections (as shown in figure 1) to complete the whole operation.
The final plant status is shown in FIG. 2, and the flowers of the female flowers are shown in FIG. 3.
Example 4
This example is to verify the effect of the hydrolysis resistant stable aqueous titanium solution (ASIT) on the ratio of the female flowers of cucumis melo in the methods of examples 1 to 3:
the Panji crisp melon cultivation varieties of Huai crisp No. 1, Huai crisp No. 2 and Huai crisp No. 3 are adopted for cultivation by hanging tendrils in a facility, and the plant spacing and the row spacing are 120cm multiplied by 50 cm.
The soil environment meets the environmental quality conditions of NY/T391 green food production places, the topography is flat, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the soil layer is deep; the facility adopts a standard steel frame plastic greenhouse with the span of 8m and the length of 66m, each greenhouse is planted with 4 ridges, and each ridge is 60 meters long.
The experimental method comprises the following steps: each of the Cucumis sativus cultivars was divided into two batches, one batch was carried out exactly according to the method of example 3 (shown as hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution treatment group), the other batch was carried out by using clear water instead of hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution, and the other steps were the same as those of example 3 (shown as clear water treatment group). And finally, measuring the ratio of the female flowers of the crisp melon and the crisp melon.
The experimental results are as follows: as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 influence of hydrolysis-resistant Stable Ionic titanium ASIT on the female flower proportion of each species of Cucumis sativus
| Cultivated species | Clean water treatment group | Hydrolysis-resistant stable ion titanium aqueous solution treatment group |
| Huai crisp No. 1 | 35.91％b | 83.45％a |
| Huai Su No. 2 | 35.81％b | 80.59％a |
| Huai Su No. 3 | 35.10％b | 81.29％a |
As can be seen from the table 1, the invention makes innovation on the energy accumulation characteristics of the crisp melon in different stages of the seedling stage and the flowering stage, utilizes the special characteristic that the self energy level of titanium ions jumps, converts light energy into chemical energy and then converts the chemical energy into biological energy by virtue of enzymes, improves the plant photosynthetic efficiency, increases the biological energy accumulation, is matched with the pruning operation, changes the biological energy source-reservoir ratio of the crisp melon, concentrates the biological energy to flower buds, promotes the biological energy accumulation of female flowers, and obtains the effects of changing the flower sex type and improving the female flower ratio while increasing the number of the flowers. The targeted pruning and the spraying of the hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium solution are combined, and a brand new effect of 1+1>2 is obtained.
Example 5
This embodiment is used for verifying the whole influence of different treatment methods to crisp melon flowering phase, flower type, proportion and flower quantity:
pan-collected crisp melon cultivars 'Huai crisp No. 1', 'Huai crisp No. 2' and 'Huai crisp No. 3' are adopted for cultivation by means of hanging tendrils in a protected mode, and plant spacing and row spacing are 120cm multiplied by 50 cm.
Planting for 8 months and 15 days.
The soil environment meets the environmental quality conditions of NY/T391 green food production places, the topography is flat, the irrigation and drainage are convenient, and the soil layer is deep; the facility adopts a standard steel frame plastic greenhouse with the span of 8m and the length of 66m, each greenhouse is planted with 4 ridges, and each ridge is 60 meters long.
The experimental method comprises the following steps: five treatment modes are set, and each watermelon cultivation variety is divided into five batches, and each batch is treated by corresponding to one treatment mode. And finally, determining the flowering phase, the flower type, the proportion and the number of flowers of different watermelon cultivars in different treatment modes.
The first processing mode adopts the method of the embodiment 3 and is expressed as the method group of the invention.
The second treatment mode is a single vine whole branch group, and the treatment steps are as follows:
step 1: and (3) hoisting the main vine when the plant grows to the 4 th true leaf:
step 2: removing the part below the 4 th branch of the branch and reserving the rest part of the branch;
and step 3: the fruits grow to the size of eggs, each seed vine keeps a robust fruit with basically consistent size, the rest fruits are removed, a leaf is kept behind the melon, and the seed vines are pinched;
and 4, step 4: and (5) topping when the plants grow to about 16 sections, and finishing all operations.
The third treatment mode is a double-vine whole branch group, and the treatment steps are as follows:
step 1: pinching when the true leaves of the plants are 4-5;
step 2: timing vines when the vines grow to 15cm, selecting two strong vines growing in a consistent manner, and removing the rest vines in time;
and step 3: topping the 14 th section of the subsidiary vines left and right;
and 4, step 4: selecting and reserving 4-5 well-developed grand vine squash for each seed vine;
and 5: 1 leaf of the Sizhi Sun vine is left behind the melon for pinching;
step 6: and removing diseased fruits, deformed fruits and cracked fruits when the young melons grow to the size of eggs.
The fourth treatment mode is a three-vine whole branch group, and the treatment steps are as follows:
step 1: when the plant grows to five true leaves, picking off terminal buds of the plant;
step 2: reserving 3-4 lateral vines;
and step 3: selecting and reserving 3 strong lateral vines without diseases and insect pests after the lateral vines grow to 40 cm;
and 4, step 4: when the lateral vines grow to 80-120 cm, selecting two lateral vines at 11-14 days, and reserving 2-3 fruit branches for fruiting;
and 5: two lateral vines are used as reproductive vines, the other lateral vines are used as nutritional vines, and 3 vines are hung by hanging ropes;
step 6: when the fruit grows to the size of eggs, 4-5 healthy fruits with correct fruit shapes, no plant diseases and insect pests and basically consistent sizes are respectively selected and reserved on the two reproductive vines, and the rest fruits are picked off.
And the fifth treatment mode is a non-pruning group, and the production process is not pruning.
The experimental results are as follows: as shown in tables 2, 3 and 4.
TABLE 2 influence of different treatment modes on the flower type, proportion and quantity of Huai crisp No. 1 crisp melon
TABLE 3 influence of different treatment modes on flower type, proportion and amount of Huai crisp No. 2 crisp melon
TABLE 4 influence of different treatment modes on flower type, proportion and quantity of Huai crisp No. 3 crisp melon
As can be seen from tables 2-3, by adopting the method disclosed by the invention, the number of the crisp melon flowers can be obviously increased, the female flower proportion is improved, the mature period of the crisp melon is shortened, and the breeding process is accelerated.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A method for improving the proportion of female flowers of cucumis melo is characterized in that a vine hanging method is adopted to cultivate cucumis melo plants, and comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: when the crisp melon plants grow to 2 true leaves, spraying 1200 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ion titanium aqueous solution on the front and back surfaces of the leaves;
step 2: in the early pruning stage, when the crisp melon plants grow to 5 leaves, the main vines are lifted;
and step 3: when the crisp melon plant continuously grows to 6 main leaves, removing all lateral vines below 5 leaves, and reserving a main vine;
and 4, step 4: when the plant of the crisp melon grows to 6 true leaves, spraying 800 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ion titanium aqueous solution on the front surface of the leaf;
and 5: in the middle stage of pruning, picking off the subsidiary tendrils at odd-numbered nodes from the 6 th node of the main tendrils, and spraying 1000 times of hydrolysis-resistant stable ion titanium aqueous solution on the lateral buds of the subsidiary tendrils at even-numbered nodes;
and 6: from the 6 th section of the main vine, after each new blade is completely unfolded, spraying a diamine putrescine solution and a triamine spermidine solution at the joint of a leaf stalk and the main vine for 1 time every day, and continuously spraying for 3 days;
and 7: from the 6 th section of the main vine, when the remaining sub-vines germinate into two leaves, a heart leaf at the outermost side of the sub-vines is reserved for continuous growth, and the remaining heart leaves are removed;
and 8: in the later period of pruning, picking off all the buds of the grandma, spraying ethephon solution at the leaf stalk of each leaf for 1 time every day, and continuously spraying for 3 days;
and step 9: when the fruits grow to the size of eggs, reserving one fruit for each branch, and removing the rest fruits and the rest flower buds on the branches;
step 10: and (4) topping 16-18 sections of the main vines to finish all operations.
2. The method for increasing the proportion of female flowers of cucumis melo according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1, the concentration of Ti in the 1200 times of the hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution is 2.9 mg/L.
3. The method for increasing the proportion of female flowers of cucumis melo according to claim 1, wherein in the step 4, the Ti concentration of the hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium aqueous solution is 4.4mg/L in 800 times of the solution.
4. The method for increasing the proportion of female flowers of cucumis melo according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5, the Ti concentration of the 1000-fold aqueous solution of hydrolysis-resistant stable ionic titanium is 3.5 mg/L.
5. The method for improving the proportion of the female flowers of the cucumis melo according to claim 1, wherein in the step 6, the diamine putrescine solution is sprayed at the joint of the leaf stalks and the main vines at a concentration of 0.8 x 10-3mol/L, the concentration of the spermidine triamine solution is 1 x 10- 4mol/L。
6. The method for improving the proportion of the female flowers of the cucumis melo according to claim 1, wherein the ethephon solution is sprayed to the leaf stalks of the leaves in the step 8 at a concentration of 150 mg/L.
7. The method for increasing the proportion of female flowers of cucumis melo according to claim 1, wherein in the step 9, when the fruits grow to egg size, each seed vine retains a robust fruit with consistent size, and the rest of the fruits and the rest of flower buds on the seed vine are removed.
8. The method for increasing the proportion of the female flowers of the cucumis melo according to claim 1, wherein in the step 9, the egg size means a height of 4-6 cm and a central diameter of 1.5-2.5 cm.
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