CN114503875A - Directional growth cultivation method for poria cocos - Google Patents
Directional growth cultivation method for poria cocos Download PDFInfo
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- CN114503875A CN114503875A CN202210116244.0A CN202210116244A CN114503875A CN 114503875 A CN114503875 A CN 114503875A CN 202210116244 A CN202210116244 A CN 202210116244A CN 114503875 A CN114503875 A CN 114503875A
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The application provides a poria directional growth cultivation method, which comprises the following steps: digging a cultivation pit; putting the pine sections into a cellar: arranging a plurality of pine wood sections in a slant horizontal shape along the gradient direction of the cultivation cellar and in a delta-shaped structure in the cultivation cellar; and (3) inoculation treatment: taking one end surface of a plurality of pine segments as an inoculation surface, and inoculating the tuckahoe strain on the inoculation surfaces of the plurality of pine segments; and (3) disease and pest control: putting insecticide into the cultivation cellar at a fixed point; primary earthing; grafting treatment: taking one end surface of the pine segments far away from the inoculation surface as a grafting surface, and selecting fresh poria cocos blocks to be grafted for grafting; and secondary earthing. By using the poria directional growth cultivation method provided by the application, only one sclerotium grows in each cultivation unit, and each sclerotium is large, so that the poria directional growth cultivation method has the advantages of high poria yield, good quality, high pachymaran content, simplicity and convenience in operation and stable yield.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of tuckahoe planting, in particular to a tuckahoe directional growth cultivation method.
Background
Poria cocos belongs to the phylum of Eumycota in the family of Polyporaceae, has heterogeneous sclerotia, has small sclerotia of several two, large sclerotia of hundreds of kilograms, is similar to spherical and irregular block, has dark brown or light brown epidermis, white or slightly pink endoplasmic white, is slightly soft in fresh, hard in dry, rough in epidermis, and brownish endoplasmic after aging, and is a fungus for both food and medicine. It contains pachyman, glucose, protein, amino acids, organic acids, fats, lecithin, adenine, choline, ergosterol, various enzymes and potassium salts, etc., and has the functions of excreting dampness, promoting urination, invigorating spleen and tranquilizing, etc., and its medicinal value can raise immunity of human body, and the pachyman has the functions of resisting tumor, promoting urination, increasing discharge of potassium, sodium, chlorine and other electrolytes in urine, tranquilizing and protecting liver, inhibiting ulcer, reducing blood sugar and resisting radiation, etc. Poria is a fungus with strong capability of decomposing lignin and cellulose.
Poria is a rare medicinal material and is divided into wild and artificial planting, and the artificially planted Poria is cultivated by farmers in an agricultural and sideline production mode at present. The traditional cultivation method is that Pinaceae plants are used as culture materials, sandy soil sloping fields around pine forest are selected as cultivation fields, and fresh sclerotium is selected as a seed source for expanding propagation, which is commonly called meat induced cultivation. In the 70 th century of the 20 th century, under the guidance of professor Yang Xinmei of university of agriculture in China, Hubei developed a Poria cocos pure hypha strain successfully, and the strain is used as a seed source to replace the traditional fresh sclerotium to cultivate Poria cocos, so the strain cultivation is called, and the technology is popularized to create a new technical period for cultivating Poria cocos strains in China. Whether the meat-induced cultivation or the strain cultivation, the following disadvantages are also existed, the yield and the quality of cultivation are influenced, and the main expression is that: the poria cocos mycelium in the partial strains after inoculation cannot extend into the culture material, namely the inoculation fails, and the survival rate of poria cocos cultivation is difficult to guarantee; the inoculated mycelium grows well, but sclerotia is formed (polyporus umbellatus) poorly, even the mycelium grows only and does not nodule polyporus umbellatus; and in each cultivation unit for cultivating the poria cocos, the number of sclerotia formed is large, but the number of each sclerotia is small, so that the yield of the poria cocos is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a poria directional growth cultivation method, which is used for solving the problems of low survival rate, poor poria formation and small and numerous sclerotia in each cultivation unit in the poria cultivation, improving the survival rate and yield of poria, and enabling poria to be large and compact in texture.
The application provides a poria directional growth cultivation method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, digging a cultivation cellar: selecting a ventilated and sunny sandy loam field with the elevation of 500-1500m and the gradient of 15-30 degrees as a greenfield, and digging out a cultivation cellar with the depth of 20-30cm and the width of 20-30cm along the gradient direction of the greenfield.
Poria cocos is an aerobic fungus and can only grow normally under the condition of ventilation, sandy loam is not only loose in soil and beneficial to drainage and ventilation, but also fast in heat absorption and heat dissipation, and soil in sandy loam is beneficial to keeping moisture required by growth of Poria cocos, so that when Poria cocos is cultivated, a sandy loam site which is good in ventilation and ventilation, loose in soil and sunny is selected, a proper slope is beneficial to drainage, and damage of rainwater to Poria cocos is prevented.
S2, putting the pine wood section into a cellar: and closely placing a plurality of pine wood sections in a structure like a Chinese character 'pin' to form a cultivation unit, and arranging the cultivation units in the cultivation cellar in a slant horizontal manner along the gradient direction of the cultivation cellar to ensure that the total dry weight of the pine wood sections in each cultivation unit is 6-10 kg. The arrangement is favorable for draining water, simultaneously ensures sufficient nutrition in each cultivation cellar, and is convenient for survival and growth of the poria cocos.
S3, inoculation treatment: taking one end face of the pine wood sections as an inoculation face, and inoculating the tuckahoe strain on the inoculation faces of the pine wood sections. The high-quality strain is selected to be beneficial to the growth of the mycelium, and the tuckahoe strain is tightly attached to the inoculation surface during inoculation, so that the mycelium is easy to extend into the pine segment compost.
S4, disease and pest control: and (4) putting an insecticide into the cultivation cellar at a fixed point, and carrying out insecticidal treatment on the inside of the cultivation unit. The disease and pest control mainly aims at the termites, and the pesticide is put into the termites at fixed points, so that the damage of the termites to the poria cocos can be effectively reduced.
S5, primary earthing: covering the inoculated pine wood sections and the tuckahoe strains with soil, covering the surface of the pine wood sections with soil with the thickness of 6-8cm, and finishing the cellar surface of the cultivation cellar into a turtle back shape after covering the soil.
Covering the inoculated pine segments and the tuckahoe strains with soil, fixing the postures of the tuckahoe strains on the inoculation surface, leading the tuckahoe strains to be tightly attached to the inoculation surface, preventing the strains from being separated from the inoculation surface, further being beneficial to the growth of mycelium through decomposing and absorbing nutrition in the pine segments, and simultaneously being beneficial to the drainage of rainwater on the turtle-back-shaped cellar surface.
S6, grafting treatment: selecting fresh poria cocos to be grafted by taking one end face, far away from the inoculation face, of the pine wood segments as a grafting face, cutting the poria cocos to be grafted into poria cocos blocks to be grafted, wherein poria peel is arranged on at least one face of the poria cocos blocks to be grafted by using a knife, scraping soil stained on the grafting face of the pine wood segments, scraping a grafting cut with the area equal to that of the section of the poria cocos blocks to be grafted, and enabling the section of the poria cocos blocks to be grafted to be attached to the grafting cut on the pine wood segments. The poria peel can reduce the damage of microorganisms in soil to the poria blocks to be grafted, and mycelium is arranged on the pine sections and the pine sections around the poria blocks and can be used as a nutrient source for grafting growth of the poria blocks, so that sufficient nutrition is provided for the survival rate and growth of the grafting of the poria blocks, and the improvement of the survival rate of the grafting of the poria blocks is facilitated.
S7: secondary soil covering: covering the grafted pine segments and the Poria mass with soil, wherein the soil covering the surface of the pine segments is 6-8cm thick. The poria cocos cannot emerge out of the soil along with the continuous growth of the poria cocos after being covered with the soil, so that the poria cocos can be prevented from rotting due to exposure to the sun and rain, the texture of the poria cocos finished product is more compact, and the density of the poria cocos finished product is further improved.
Optionally, the tuckahoe strain and the tuckahoe block to be grafted are from the same strain. The same strain enables the poria cocos blocks to be grafted to be better compatible with the mycelium of the poria cocos strain, grafting survival rate is facilitated, the outer epidermis on the surface of the poria cocos blocks to be grafted, which is provided with the poria cocos peel, is complete, microbial damage can be effectively avoided in the poria cocos growth process, and further growth of the poria cocos is facilitated.
Optionally, in the inoculation treatment step, the inoculation surface is the upper end of the plurality of pine segments along the gradient direction; in the grafting treatment step, the grafting surface is the lower end of a plurality of pine segments along the gradient direction. The arrangement is favorable for draining water in rainy days, and rainwater is prevented from entering the cultivation cellar to cause bacterial decay.
Optionally, in the inoculation treatment step, when the poria cocos strain is placed, the poria cocos strain is in contact with a plurality of pine segments on the inoculation surface; in the grafting treatment step, when the poria cocos block to be grafted is grafted on a grafting surface, a pine tree section with the most vigorous fungus growth at the middle lower part of the grafting surface is selected for grafting. In the inoculation treatment step, when the poria cocos strains are placed, the poria cocos strains are in contact with the pine sections on the inoculation surface as far as possible, so that the mycelium can be distributed to all the pine sections through the inoculation surface, directional growth of the mycelium is facilitated, only one sclerotium can grow in each cultivation unit, and then the larger sclerotium is facilitated to grow into an individual.
Optionally, before the pine sections are placed in the cultivation cellar, a square agricultural mulching film with the side length of 50cm is placed at the bottom of the cultivation cellar, the pine sections are placed at the position of 10cm of the mulching film, and after inoculation is completed, the inoculation surface is covered by the outer leakage part of the agricultural mulching film. The outer leakage part of the agricultural mulching film is used for covering the inoculation surface and the strains, so that diseases, insects and rainwater are prevented from entering the strains, and the survival rate of the strains is improved.
Optionally, the diameter of the pine segment is 6-30cm, and the length of the pine segment is 40-50 cm. Pine with a diameter of 6-30cm has abundant internal storage nutrients, and is beneficial to the growth of mycelia. The pine wood section is not suitable to be too long, and the polyporus forming time is delayed because the bacterium transferring time is prolonged after inoculation.
Optionally, the weight of Poria cocos strain used in each cultivation unit is 0.5-0.7 kg. When the weight of the tuckahoe strains is too small, the strain transmission is slow, the strain transmission time is prolonged, the sclerotia formation time is delayed, the grown tuckahoe has small individuals, the tuckahoe yield is influenced, and the tuckahoe strains have excessive weight, which causes waste.
Optionally, each cultivation unit uses the weight of the poria cocos block to be grafted as 100 g. When the weight of the poria cocos blocks to be grafted is too small, the poria cocos grows slowly, the yield of the poria cocos is influenced, and when the weight of the poria cocos blocks to be grafted is too large, waste is caused.
Optionally, the distance between two adjacent cultivation units in the slope direction is 50-60cm, and the distance in the direction perpendicular to the slope is 100-120 cm. The distance between two adjacent cultivation units in the gradient direction is 50-60cm, sufficient space is provided for the growth of poria cocos, the distance between two adjacent cultivation units in the direction perpendicular to the gradient direction is 100-120cm, poria cocos individuals grow continuously along with the continuous growth of poria cocos, the turtle back of the cellar surface cracks, the sufficient distance is reserved, soil covering can be conveniently carried out on the cellar surface in the growth process of poria cocos, the situation that the poria cocos is exposed to sunlight and rotten due to exposure of the poria cocos to sunlight and rain is prevented, meanwhile, drainage is facilitated in the rainy day, and rainwater is prevented from entering the cultivation cellar to damage strains.
Optionally, in the grafting treatment, the grafting time is 0 to 25 days after the inoculation treatment. After inoculation, mycelium in the strain extends into the pine section through the inoculation surface and then is grafted, so that the survival rate of grafting is increased, and the yield of poria cocos is increased.
The application provides a directional growing cultivation method of poria cocos, realizes directional growing cultivation of poria cocos, and has the following beneficial effects:
(1) a sandy loam field which is ventilated and exposed to the sun, has the elevation of 500-1500m and the gradient of 15-30 degrees is selected as a poria cocos field, so that the survival rate of inoculation and the growth of poria cocos are facilitated, and the pine sections are obliquely laid along the gradient direction of the cultivation cellar and are arranged in the cultivation cellar in a delta-shaped structure, so that drainage in rainy days is facilitated, and rainwater is prevented from entering the cultivation unit to damage strains.
(2) By putting the insecticide into the cultivation cellar at a fixed point, the inside of the cultivation unit is subjected to insecticidal treatment, disease and pest control mainly aims at termites, and damage of the termites to the poria cocos can be effectively reduced.
(3) The fresh poria cocos blocks are grafted on the other end face of the pine tree section inoculation surface, and mycelium exists on the pine tree section and the pine tree section around the poria cocos blocks, so that the poria cocos grafting survival and growth nutrition source can be used as a nutrition source for the survival and growth of the grafted poria cocos blocks, and the survival rate of the grafted poria cocos blocks can be improved. Meanwhile, one seed source is used for carrying out primary inoculation on the traditional poria cocos cultivation, and two seed sources (strain inoculation and poria cocos block grafting) are improved to be used for carrying out secondary inoculation; the method comprises the steps of modifying the traditional cultivation of poria cocos into directional growth cultivation, wherein sclerotium is not fixed to form a pit; the sclerotium which is large in growing number and small in size in each cultivating unit in the traditional cultivating process of the poria cocos is improved into sclerotium which is small in growing number (mostly 1), free of empty cellar and large in size, management and harvesting are facilitated, the yield is high, and the economic benefit is greatly improved.
(4) The poria cocos strain selected in the application and the poria cocos block to be grafted are derived from the same strain, the same strain enables the poria cocos block to be grafted to be better compatible with a mycelium, the survival rate of grafting is facilitated, the exodermis on the surface, provided with the poria cocos peel, of the poria cocos block to be grafted is complete, the harm of microorganisms can be effectively avoided in the poria cocos growth process, and further the growth of the poria cocos is facilitated.
(5) In the inoculation processing step, when the poria cocos strain is placed, the poria cocos strain is in contact with a plurality of pine sections on an inoculation surface as far as possible, so that mycelia can be distributed to all the pine sections through the inoculation surface, development of large-size poria cocos is facilitated, when a grafted poria cocos block is grafted on the grafting surface, a pine section with the highest spawn running at the middle lower part of the grafting surface is selected for grafting, the grafting survival rate is improved, the grafted poria cocos block absorbs nutrition conveyed by a large amount of mycelia, rapid growth and expansion are realized, poria cocos is formed in advance for 20 days, sclerotia is prevented from growing from other parts of the pine section, directional growth of single poria cocos is formed, and the yield of the poria cocos is greatly improved.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings can be obtained by those skilled in the art without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a cultivation method for directional growth of poria cocos provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a cultivation cellar for directional cultivation of Poria cocos according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of measuring the pachyman content in Poria cocos obtained by using different cultivation methods provided in examples and comparative examples.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are a part of the embodiments of the present application, but not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a cultivation method for directional growth of poria cocos according to an embodiment of the present application, and fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a cultivation pit of the cultivation method for directional growth of poria cocos according to an embodiment of the present application, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present application provides a cultivation method for directional growth of poria cocos, which may include the following steps:
s1, digging a cultivation cellar: selecting a ventilated and sunny sandy loam field with the elevation of 500-1500m and the gradient of 15-30 degrees as a greenfield, and digging out a cultivation cellar with the depth of 20-30cm and the width of 20-30cm along the gradient direction of the greenfield.
Specifically, Fu Ling is warm and dry, and is prohibited from blowing and scratching in the north, so it is better to sit north to south or sit east to west in the Poria cocos field. Poria cocos is an aerobic fungus and can normally grow only under the condition of ventilation, so that when poria cocos is cultivated, a sandy loam field with good ventilation and ventilation is selected as a poria cocos field, soil needs to be renovated and broken, sandy loam is not only loose in soil and beneficial to water drainage and ventilation, but also is quick in heat absorption and heat dissipation, and meanwhile, soil in sandy loam is beneficial to keeping moisture required by growth of poria cocos and growth of poria cocos. After the field is selected, weeds and miscellaneous tree roots need to be removed, and the field needs to be dug deeply to prevent diseases and insect damages. Poria cocos mycelium can normally grow under the condition of no illumination, but when sclerotia (Poria cocos) is formed, no sunlight is irradiated, water in soil and materials is increased, and the formation and normal growth of mycelium and sclerotia are inhibited. The hypha can grow at 15-35 deg.C, the temperature is 25-28 deg.C, sclerotium can form at 15-35 deg.C, growth is fastest at 26-32 deg.C, mycelium stops growing at below 5 deg.C, it is easy to age at above 34 deg.C, mycelium dies at above 40 deg.C, sclerotium rot, so it is better to select the place exposed to the sun in the cultivation field. In a practical manner, the cultivation unit can also be made and cellared directly together with the stump.
S2, putting the pine wood section into a cellar: and closely placing a plurality of pine wood sections in a structure like a Chinese character 'pin' to form a cultivation unit, and arranging the cultivation units in the cultivation cellar in a slant horizontal manner along the gradient direction of the cultivation cellar to ensure that the total dry weight of the pine wood sections in each cultivation unit is 6-10 kg.
Specifically, a plurality of pine sections are obliquely and horizontally arranged along the gradient direction of the cultivation cellar and are discharged in a structure like a Chinese character 'pin', so that drainage is facilitated. When the pine sections are discharged, the pine sections are matched according to the diameter, and the dry weight of the pine sections in each cultivation unit is ensured to be 6-10 kg. Therefore, sufficient nutrition is ensured in each cultivation unit, the survival and the growth of the poria cocos are facilitated, the adjacent pine wood sections are closely placed, the inoculated mycelium can extend into the plurality of pine wood sections, and the yield of the poria cocos is improved.
S3, inoculation treatment: taking one end face of the pine wood sections as an inoculation face, and inoculating the tuckahoe strain on the inoculation faces of the pine wood sections.
Specifically, high-quality strains with pure white and dense mycelia, vigorous growth and no impurity bacteria pollution can be selected, the strains can be thick and compact in structure and are favorable for the growth of the mycelia, and poria cocos strains are tightly attached to an inoculation surface during inoculation, so that the mycelia can extend into pine segment compost easily.
S4, disease and pest control: and (4) putting an insecticide into the cultivation cellar at a fixed point, and carrying out insecticidal treatment on the inside of the cultivation unit.
Particularly, disease and pest control is mainly aimed at termites, and poria cocos contains saccharides, so that the termites are attracted more easily, the growth of the poria cocos is influenced, and the yield of the poria cocos is further influenced. After the grafting treatment, the insecticide is placed in the middle position of the side edge in the cultivation unit along the slope direction at a fixed point, and the damage of termites to poria cocos can be effectively reduced. Compared with the method that the insecticide is dispersed in the cultivation cellar, the fixed-point feeding method has the advantages that the termites are killed more intensively, meanwhile, the insecticide is slightly remained in the cultivation unit, and if the insecticide is distributed in the cultivation cellar, the growth of the poria cocos is influenced.
S5, primary soil covering: covering the inoculated pine wood sections and the tuckahoe strains with soil, covering the surface of the pine wood sections with soil with the thickness of 6-8cm, and finishing the cellar surface of the cultivation cellar into a turtle back shape after covering the soil.
Specifically, the inoculated pine wood section and the poria cocos strain are covered with soil, particularly, the soil covering on the back of the poria cocos strain is tamped, and the posture of the poria cocos strain on the inoculation surface is fixed, so that the poria cocos strain is tightly attached to the inoculation surface, the strain is prevented from being separated from the inoculation surface, and then mycelium is facilitated to grow through decomposition and absorption of nutrition in the pine wood section. In the growth period of the inoculated mycelium, soil cannot be covered too thickly during earthing, so that the mycelium can exchange with fresh air in the atmosphere frequently, the survival rate of the poria cocos is improved, and the turtle-back-shaped cellar surface is favorable for draining rainwater.
S6, grafting treatment: selecting fresh poria cocos to be grafted by taking one end face, far away from the inoculation face, of the pine segments as a grafting face, cutting the poria cocos to be grafted into poria cocos blocks to be grafted, wherein poria peel is arranged on at least one face of the poria cocos blocks to be grafted by using a knife, scraping soil stained on the grafting face of the pine segments, scraping a grafting cut with the area equal to that of the section of the poria cocos blocks to be grafted, and enabling the section of the poria cocos blocks to be grafted to be attached to the grafting cut on the pine segments.
Specifically, after strain inoculation, selecting fresh poria cocos to be grafted, and cutting the poria cocos to be grafted into at least one poria cocos block to be grafted, wherein poria peel is arranged on the surface of the poria cocos block to be grafted by a knife, so that damage of microorganisms in soil to the poria cocos block to be grafted is reduced. Taking one end face far away from the inoculation face as a grafting face, scraping soil stained on the grafting face by using a knife, scraping a grafting cut with the area equal to that of a section of a poria cocos block to be grafted, enabling the section of the poria cocos block to be grafted to be attached to the grafting cut on the pine tree section, enabling the side, with the poria peel, of the poria cocos block to be grafted to face towards soil, facilitating the poria cocos block to be grafted to absorb nutrition transmitted by mycelia, and improving the grafting survival rate. Because the pine wood sections and the pine wood sections around the tuckahoe blocks are provided with the mycelium, the mycelium can be used as a nutrient source for survival and growth of the grafted tuckahoe blocks, thereby providing sufficient nutrition for survival and growth of the grafted tuckahoe blocks and being beneficial to improving the survival rate of the grafted tuckahoe blocks. The traditional cultivation of tuckahoe, in which sclerotium is not fixed, is improved into directional growth cultivation, and the sclerotium has larger individuals, is convenient to manage and harvest, and has high yield.
S7: secondary soil covering: covering the grafted pine segments and the Poria mass with soil, wherein the soil covering the surface of the pine segments is 6-8cm thick.
Specifically, the poria cocos cannot emerge out of the soil along with the continuous growth of the poria cocos after being covered with the soil, so that the poria cocos can be prevented from being rotten due to exposure to the sun and the rain, and meanwhile, the soil layer exerts larger growth resistance on the poria cocos, so that the texture of a poria cocos finished product is more compact, and the density of the poria cocos finished product is further improved. And (4) checking the growth condition of the poria cocos 20 days after grafting, and if the grafted blocks fall off, opening the covering soil and grafting on the grafting surface again.
Through the scheme, the poria cocos is directionally grown and cultivated, a sandy loam field which is ventilated and exposed to the sun, has the elevation of 500 plus one 1500m and the gradient of 15-30 degrees is selected as the poria cocos field, so that the survival rate of inoculation and the growth of the poria cocos are facilitated, the pine wood section is obliquely laid along the gradient direction of the cultivation cellar and is arranged in the cultivation cellar in a delta-shaped structure, drainage in rainy days is facilitated, and rainwater is prevented from entering the cultivation unit to damage strains. By putting the insecticide into the cultivation cellar at fixed points, the insecticide treatment is carried out on the interior of the cultivation unit, and the damage of the termites to the poria cocos can be effectively reduced. The fresh poria cocos blocks are selected to be grafted on one end face, far away from the inoculation surface, of the pine tree section, and mycelium is arranged on the pine tree section and around the poria cocos blocks, so that the fresh poria cocos blocks can be used as a nutrient source for survival and growth of the grafted poria cocos blocks, and therefore sufficient nutrition is provided for survival and sclerotia of the grafted poria cocos blocks. The texture of the tuckahoe finished product is more compact by burying soil with a proper thickness on the surface of the cultivation unit. The method comprises the steps of carrying out primary inoculation on poria cocos in the traditional cultivation mode by using one seed source, and improving the traditional cultivation mode to be that two seed sources (strain inoculation and poria cocos block grafting) are used for carrying out secondary inoculation; the traditional cultivation of tuckahoe, in which sclerotium is not fixed, is improved into directional growth cultivation, so that the yield of tuckahoe is increased.
Optionally, the tuckahoe strain and the tuckahoe block to be grafted are from the same strain.
Specifically, the poria cocos strain and the poria cocos block to be grafted are derived from the same strain, after grafting, the poria cocos block and the mycelium can be better compatible, the survival rate of grafting is facilitated, the outer skin on the surface of the poria cocos block to be grafted, which is provided with the poria cocos skin, is complete, the harm of microorganisms can be effectively avoided in the growth process of the poria cocos, and further, the growth of the poria cocos is facilitated.
Optionally, in the step of inoculation treatment, the inoculation surface is the upper end of the plurality of pine segments along the gradient direction; in the step of grafting treatment, the grafting surface is the lower end of a plurality of pine segments along the gradient direction.
Specifically, use the inoculation face as the pine section along the upper end of slope direction, grafting face is the pine section along the lower extreme of slope direction, has arranged like this and has favorable to the directional growth of indian bread, is favorable to simultaneously draining off water when rainwater weather, prevents that the rainwater from getting into the cultivation cellar for storing things, causes the bacterial rotten.
Optionally, in the inoculation treatment step, when the poria cocos strain is placed, the poria cocos strain is in contact with a plurality of pine segments on the inoculation surface; in the grafting treatment step, a pine tree section with the most vigorous fungus development at the middle lower part of a grafting surface is selected for grafting when the poria cocos block to be grafted is grafted on the grafting surface.
In the inoculation treatment step, the tuckahoe strains are placed so that the tuckahoe strains are contacted with the end faces of a plurality of pine segments on the inoculation surface as much as possible, so that mycelium can be distributed to all the pine segments through the inoculation surface, and development of the tuckahoe with larger individuals is facilitated. When the poria cocos blocks to be grafted are grafted on the grafting surface, a pine tree section with the most vigorous fungus growth at the middle lower part of the grafting surface is selected for grafting, so that the survival rate of the grafted poria cocos blocks and the extension of mycelia are improved. The traditional cultivation method of poria cocos is improved into directional growth cultivation, namely the sclerotium is not fixed to form a fixed point, and the sclerotium is large in size, convenient to manage and harvest and high in yield.
In the disease and pest control step, pesticides are put into the cultivation cellar at fixed points, and the interiors of the cultivation units are subjected to pest killing treatment. The pesticide comprises the following components:
10-15 parts of imidacloprid;
6-8 parts of ivermectin;
3-5 parts of 3-5-dichloropyrazine-2-formonitrile;
2-4 parts of 1-methyl-4-piperidinol;
3-6 parts of saccharides;
20-30 parts of an emulsifier;
50-60 parts of solvent. The saccharide includes one or more of sucrose, glucose, sorbitol and honey; the emulsifier comprises alkylphenol ethoxylates; solvents include ethanol, ethylene glycol, propanol, and N-N dimethylformamide.
The preparation process of the pesticide comprises the following steps: respectively selecting 10-15 parts by weight of imidacloprid, 6-8 parts by weight of ivermectin, 3-5-dichloropyrazine-2-formonitrile, 2-4 parts by weight of 1-methyl-4-piperidinol, 3-6 parts by weight of saccharides, 20-30 parts by weight of emulsifier and 50-60 parts by weight of solvent according to the parts by weight, adding into a stirring tank, and stirring to obtain the pesticide.
The prepared insecticide is sprayed at a fixed point at one position of the cultivation unit, and the middle position of the side edge in the cultivation unit along the slope direction is generally selected. Disease and pest control mainly aims at termites, and poria cocos contains saccharides, so that termites are attracted easily, growth of poria cocos is influenced, and yield of poria cocos and content of pachymaran are further influenced. Therefore, the saccharides are added into the pesticide to be used as an attractant to attract the termites to gather at one position, and then the termites are killed and killed by the imidacloprid and the ivermectin. Imidacloprid is a nitromethylene systemic insecticide, is an action body of nicotinic acid acetylcholinesterase receptors, and interferes the motor nervous system of pests to cause the failure of chemical signal transmission; the ivermectin is a derivative of the avermectin, is a novel broad-spectrum, high-efficiency and low-toxicity antibiotic insecticide, and is used for killing termites by blocking transmission of nerve signals and finally paralyzing nerves to enable muscle cells to lose contractility. The 3-5-dichloropyrazine-2-formonitrile contains cyano in molecules, and the 1-methyl-4-piperidinol contains piperidine and hydroxyl, so that the drug effects of imidacloprid and ivermectin can be enhanced through synergistic effect, further, the damage of termites to poria cocos can be effectively reduced, and adverse effects on the growth of poria cocos cannot be generated.
Optionally, before the pine sections are placed in the cultivation cellar, a square agricultural mulching film with the side length of 50cm is placed at the bottom of the cultivation cellar, the pine sections are placed at the position of 10cm of the mulching film, and after inoculation is completed, the inoculation surface is covered by the outer leakage part of the agricultural mulching film.
Specifically, before the pine sections are placed in the cultivation cellar, a square agricultural mulching film with the side length of 50cm is placed at the bottom of the cultivation cellar, when the pine sections are placed, the mulching film is longer than an inoculation surface of the pine sections by 10cm, and after inoculation is completed, the outer leakage part of the agricultural mulching film is used for covering the inoculation surface and strains to prevent rainwater from entering the strains.
Optionally, the diameter of the pine segment is 6-30cm, and the length of the pine segment is 40-50 cm.
Particularly, in the growing process of the poria cocos, a large amount of nutrients are needed, so when the poria cocos is artificially cultivated, pine trees are selected as a culture material, and fresh and dry masson pine, Yunnan pine and red pine are generally selected as the suitable materials, and the trees are cut down before and after the winter solstice, and because the pine trees in the period have low moisture content, the bark and the trunk are tightly connected together, the growth and the extension of mycelia are very favorable, so the trees are cut down before the winter. After the trees are cut for 15 days, the branches are cut off, the branches are sawn into pine segments of 40-50cm, peeled and retained with ribs, and the pine segments are stacked in a groined shape near a greenery and are ventilated to the sun and dried, so that the pine segments are dried. Pine with the diameter of 6-30cm has rich internal stored nutrients, is beneficial to the growth of mycelium, and the length of the pine section is not too long, so that the polyporus forming time is delayed because the fungus transmission time is prolonged after inoculation.
When pine sections are placed in the cultivation cellar, the pine sections are placed in 6 sections (a bottom layer 3 section, a second layer 2 section and a third layer 1 section) with the diameter of 10-12cm, the 2 sections with the diameter of 15cm are placed in the longitudinal direction and are arranged, 3 sections (a first layer 2 section and a second layer 1 section) with the diameter of 12-15cm are placed in 1-2 sections with the diameter of 15-30cm according to circumstances, so that the dry weight of the pine sections in each cultivation unit is 6-10kg, adjacent pine sections are placed in a close manner, mycelia can extend into each pine section, and the yield of poria cocos is improved.
Optionally, the weight of Poria cocos strain used in each cultivation unit is 0.5-0.7 kg.
Specifically, when the weight of the tuckahoe strain is too small, the strain transmission is slow, the strain transmission time is prolonged, the sclerotia formation time is delayed, the grown tuckahoe is small in size, the tuckahoe yield is influenced, and when the weight of the tuckahoe strain is too large, waste is caused.
Optionally, each cultivation unit uses the weight of the poria cocos block to be grafted as 100 g.
Specifically, too small weight of the poria cocos blocks to be grafted can cause slow growth of the poria cocos after growth, so that the yield of the poria cocos is affected, and too large weight of the poria cocos blocks to be grafted can easily cause waste.
Optionally, the distance between two adjacent cultivation units along the slope direction is 50-60cm, and the distance along the direction perpendicular to the slope is 100-120 cm.
Specifically, the distance between two adjacent cultivation units in the gradient direction is 50-60cm, sufficient space is provided for the growth of poria cocos, the distance between two adjacent cultivation units in the direction perpendicular to the gradient direction is 100-120cm, poria cocos grows continuously, poria cocos individuals grow continuously, the turtle back of the cellar surface can crack, sufficient distance is reserved, soil covering can be performed on the cellar surface in the poria cocos growth process, the poria cocos is prevented from being exposed to sunlight and rotten due to exposure to the sun and rain, meanwhile, drainage is facilitated when rain falls, and the strain is prevented from being damaged due to the fact that rainwater enters the cultivation cellar.
Optionally, in the grafting treatment, the grafting time is 0 to 25 days after the inoculation treatment.
Specifically, after inoculation, mycelia in the strain extend into the pine section through the inoculation surface, and then grafting is performed, so that the survival rate of grafting is facilitated, and the yield of poria cocos is increased. The grafting time is 0 day after inoculation, which means that the grafting treatment is continued on the same day after the inoculation treatment of the strains is completed. Preferably, the grafting time is 15-25 days after the inoculation treatment, but preferably 20 days, the poria cocos mycelium extends to the end of the pine wood section culture medium 2/3, and after the fresh poria cocos block (sclerotium block) is grafted, the mycelium in the fresh poria cocos block is easily jointed with the mycelium in the pine wood section culture medium, further aggregates, absorbs the nutrition converted by the mycelium, and forms new sclerotium. After grafting, only one tuckahoe grows in each cultivation unit, and each tuckahoe is big, so that the current situation that a plurality of very small tuckahoe grows in each cultivation unit under the traditional cultivation method is changed.
The technical solution of the present application is illustrated in detail by the following specific examples.
Example 1
A cultivation method for directional growth of Poria cocos comprises the following steps:
s1, digging a cultivation cellar: a sandy loam field which is ventilated and exposed to the sun, has loose soil, has an altitude of 800m and a gradient of 25 degrees is selected as a greenfield, and a cultivation pit with the depth of 30cm and the width of 30cm is dug out along the gradient direction of the greenfield.
S2, putting the pine wood section into a cellar: selecting dry pine segments with diameter of 6-30cm and length of 40-50cm, placing multiple pine segments in a delta-shaped structure to form a cultivation unit, and arranging the cultivation unit in the cultivation cellar in a manner of lying obliquely along the gradient direction of the cultivation cellar; before the pine sections are placed into the cultivation cellar, a square agricultural mulching film with the side length of 50cm is flatly paved at the bottom of the cultivation cellar; when the pine sections are placed, the plurality of pine sections are placed on the agricultural mulching film, and the upper ends of the pine sections are 10cm away from one side of the mulching film. When pine sections are placed in the cultivation cellar, the pine sections are placed in 6 sections (bottom layer 3 section, second layer 2 section and third layer 1 section) with the diameter of 10-12cm, 2 sections with the diameter of 15cm are placed in the longitudinal direction and are arranged, 3 sections (first layer 2 section and second layer 1 section) with the diameter of 12-15cm are placed in the longitudinal direction, and 1-2 sections with the diameter of 15-30cm are optionally placed in the longitudinal direction, so that the dry weight of the pine sections in each cultivation unit is 6 kg.
The distance between two adjacent cultivation units along the gradient direction is 55cm, and the distance along the direction perpendicular to the gradient is 120 cm.
S3, inoculation treatment: selecting Poria cocos strains with pure white and dense mycelia, vigorous growth, no impurity bacteria pollution and weight of 0.6kg, inoculating the Poria cocos strains on the inoculating surfaces of the pine wood sections, allowing the Poria cocos strains to contact with the pine wood sections on the inoculating surfaces as far as possible when the Poria cocos strains are placed, wherein the inoculating surfaces are the upper ends of the pine wood sections in the gradient direction, and covering the inoculating surfaces with the outer leakage parts of the agricultural mulching film after inoculation is completed.
S4, disease and pest control: and (4) putting an insecticide into the cultivation cellar at a fixed point, and carrying out insecticidal treatment on the inside of the cultivation unit.
In the disease and pest control step, pesticides are put into the cultivation cellar at fixed points, and the interiors of the cultivation units are subjected to pest killing treatment. The pesticide comprises the following components:
10 parts of imidacloprid;
6 parts of ivermectin;
3 parts by weight of 3-5-dichloropyrazine-2-carbonitrile;
2 parts by weight of 1-methyl-4-piperidinol;
3 parts of sugar, wherein the sugar is sucrose;
20 parts of emulsifier, wherein the emulsifier is alkylphenol ethoxylates;
50 parts of solvent, wherein the solvent is ethanol.
S5, primary soil covering: covering the inoculated pine wood sections and the poria cocos strains with soil, wherein the thickness of the soil is 6-8cm, and arranging the cellar surface of the cultivation cellar into a turtle back shape after the soil is covered.
S6, grafting treatment: during inoculation treatment, one end face, far away from an inoculation face, of a plurality of pine segments is used as a grafting face, the grafting face is the lower end of the plurality of pine segments in the gradient direction, fresh poria cocos to be grafted is selected, the poria cocos to be grafted is cut into poria cocos blocks to be grafted, the weight of the poria cocos blocks is 100g, the grafting cut, the area of which is equal to that of the section of the poria cocos blocks to be grafted, of the grafting face of the pine segments is scraped, one pine segment, which is located at the middle lower part of the grafting face and is most vigorous in fungus development, is selected, and the section of the poria cocos blocks to be grafted is tightly attached to the grafting cut of the pine segments. The tuckahoe strain and the tuckahoe block to be grafted are from the same strain, and the outer skin of the tuckahoe block to be grafted is complete.
S7: secondary soil covering: covering the grafted pine segments and the poria cocos blocks to be grafted with soil, wherein the thickness of the secondary soil covering is 6-8 cm. And (4) checking the growth condition of the poria cocos 20 days after grafting, and if the grafted blocks fall off, opening the covering soil and grafting on the grafting surface again.
Example 2
A cultivation method for directional growth of Poria cocos comprises the following steps: the difference from the embodiment 1 is that:
s6, grafting treatment: and (3) taking one end face of the pine segments far away from the inoculation face as a grafting face 5 days after inoculation treatment, wherein the grafting face is the lower end of the pine segments along the gradient direction, selecting fresh poria to be grafted, cutting the poria to be grafted into poria blocks to be grafted, wherein at least one surface of each poria block to be grafted is provided with poria peel and the weight of each poria block is 100g, scraping a grafting cut with the area equal to that of the section of each poria block to be grafted from the grafting face of each pine segment, selecting one pine segment which is located at the middle lower part of the grafting face and has the most vigorous fungus development, and tightly attaching the section of each poria block to be grafted to the grafting cut on each pine segment. The tuckahoe strain and the tuckahoe block to be grafted are from the same strain, and the outer skin of the tuckahoe block to be grafted is complete.
Example 3
A cultivation method for directional growth of Poria cocos comprises the following steps: the difference from the embodiment 1 is that:
s6, grafting treatment: and in 10 days after inoculation treatment, taking one end face, far away from the inoculation face, of the pine segments as a grafting face, wherein the grafting face is the lower end of the pine segments along the gradient direction, selecting fresh poria to be grafted, cutting the poria to be grafted into poria blocks to be grafted, wherein at least one surface of each poria block to be grafted is provided with poria peel and the weight of each poria block is 100g, scraping a grafting cut with the area equal to that of the section of each poria block to be grafted from the grafting face of each pine segment, selecting a pine segment which is located at the middle lower part of the grafting face and has the most vigorous fungus development, and tightly attaching the section of each poria block to be grafted to the grafting cut on each pine segment. The tuckahoe strain and the tuckahoe block to be grafted are from the same strain, and the outer skin of the tuckahoe block to be grafted is complete.
Example 4
A cultivation method for directional growth of Poria cocos comprises the following steps: the difference from the embodiment 1 is that:
s6, grafting treatment: and (3) taking one end face, far away from the inoculation face, of the pine segments as a grafting face 15 days after inoculation treatment, taking the grafting face as the lower end of the pine segments along the gradient direction, selecting fresh poria to be grafted, cutting the poria to be grafted into poria blocks to be grafted, wherein at least one surface of each poria block to be grafted is provided with poria peel and the weight of each poria block is 100g, scraping a grafting cut with the area equal to that of the section of each poria block to be grafted from the grafting face of each pine segment, selecting a pine segment which is located at the middle lower part of the grafting face and has the most vigorous fungus development, and tightly attaching the section of each poria block to be grafted to the grafting cut on each pine segment. The tuckahoe strain and the tuckahoe block to be grafted are from the same strain, and the outer skin of the tuckahoe block to be grafted is complete.
Example 5
A cultivation method for directional growth of Poria cocos comprises the following steps: the difference from the embodiment 1 is that:
s6, grafting treatment: and (3) taking one end face of the pine segments far away from the inoculation face as a grafting face 20 days after inoculation treatment, wherein the grafting face is the lower end of the pine segments along the gradient direction, selecting fresh poria to be grafted, cutting the poria to be grafted into poria blocks to be grafted, wherein at least one surface of each poria block to be grafted is provided with poria peel and the weight of each poria block is 100g, scraping a grafting cut with the area equal to that of the section of each poria block to be grafted from the grafting face of each pine segment, selecting one pine segment which is located at the middle lower part of the grafting face and has the most vigorous fungus development, and tightly attaching the section of each poria block to be grafted to the grafting cut on each pine segment. The tuckahoe strain and the tuckahoe block to be grafted are from the same strain, and the outer skin of the tuckahoe block to be grafted is complete.
Example 6
A cultivation method for directional growth of Poria cocos comprises the following steps: the difference from the embodiment 1 is that:
s6, grafting treatment: and in 25 days after inoculation treatment, taking one end face, far away from the inoculation face, of the pine segments as a grafting face, wherein the grafting face is the lower end of the pine segments along the gradient direction, selecting fresh poria to be grafted, cutting the poria to be grafted into poria blocks to be grafted, wherein at least one surface of each poria block to be grafted is provided with poria peel and the weight of each poria block is 100g, scraping a grafting cut with the area equal to that of the section of each poria block to be grafted from the grafting face of each pine segment, selecting a pine segment which is located at the middle lower part of the grafting face and has the most vigorous fungus development, and tightly attaching the section of each poria block to be grafted to the grafting cut on each pine segment. The tuckahoe strain and the tuckahoe block to be grafted are from the same strain, and the outer skin of the tuckahoe block to be grafted is complete.
Example 7
A cultivation method for directional growth of Poria cocos comprises the following steps: the difference from example 5 is that:
s4, disease and pest control: the pesticide comprises the following components:
12 parts of imidacloprid;
7 parts of ivermectin;
4 parts by weight of 3-5-dichloropyrazine-2-carbonitrile;
3 parts of 1-methyl-4-piperidinol;
5 parts by weight of saccharides, wherein the saccharides comprise sorbitol and honey;
25 parts of emulsifier, wherein the emulsifier is alkylphenol ethoxylates;
55 parts of solvent, wherein the solvent comprises ethylene glycol and N-N dimethylformamide.
Example 8
A cultivation method for directional growth of Poria cocos comprises the following steps: the difference from the example 5 is that:
s4, disease and pest control: the pesticide comprises the following components:
15 parts of imidacloprid;
8 parts of ivermectin;
5 parts by weight of 3-5-dichloropyrazine-2-carbonitrile;
4 parts of 1-methyl-4-piperidinol;
6 parts by weight of saccharides, wherein the saccharides comprise sorbitol and honey;
30 parts of emulsifier, wherein the emulsifier is alkylphenol ethoxylates;
60 parts of solvent, wherein the solvent comprises ethylene glycol and N-N dimethylformamide.
Comparative example 1
A cultivation method for directional growth of Poria cocos comprises the following steps: the difference from the example 5 is that:
s6, grafting treatment: the inoculated strains are not grafted.
Comparative example 2
A cultivation method for directional growth of Poria cocos comprises the following steps: the difference from example 5 is that:
s6, grafting treatment: the grafting surface is a side edge of a plurality of pine segments along the gradient direction.
Comparative example 3
A cultivation method for directional growth of Poria cocos comprises the following steps: the difference from the example 5 is that: s6, grafting treatment: the tuckahoe strain and the tuckahoe block to be grafted are from different strains.
Comparative example 4
A cultivation method for directional growth of Poria cocos comprises the following steps: the difference from example 7 is that:
s4, disease and pest control: the pesticide comprises the following components:
12 parts of imidacloprid;
7 parts of ivermectin;
4 parts by weight of 3-5-dichloropyrazine-2-carbonitrile;
5 parts by weight of saccharides, wherein the saccharides comprise sucrose and glucose;
25 parts of emulsifier, wherein the emulsifier is alkylphenol ethoxylates;
55 parts of solvent, wherein the solvent comprises ethanol and glycol.
Comparative example 5
A cultivation method for directional growth of Poria cocos comprises the following steps: the difference from example 7 is that:
s4, disease and pest control: the pesticide comprises the following components:
12 parts of imidacloprid;
7 parts of ivermectin;
3 parts of 1-methyl-4-piperidinol;
5 parts by weight of saccharides, wherein the saccharides comprise sucrose and glucose;
25 parts of emulsifier, wherein the emulsifier is alkylphenol ethoxylates;
55 parts of solvent, wherein the solvent comprises ethanol and glycol.
Experimental example 1
(1) Comparison of the yield of poria cocos from individual cultivation units cultivated using the protocols in examples 1 to 8 above with respect to the protocols in comparative examples 1 to 5 gave the results shown in table one. In Table I, "-" indicates that no grafting treatment was performed.
(2) Pachymaran is the main effective component of Poria, and the pachymaran content is determined according to the method for determining crude polysaccharide content in NY/T1676-2008 edible fungi, and the result shown in FIG. 3 is obtained.
Watch 1
Compared with the cultivation method of poria cocos in examples 1 to 8 and comparative example 1, the grafting is more beneficial to increase of the yield of poria cocos. The grafting time can be 0-25 days after the inoculation of the tuckahoe strain, preferably, the yield of the tuckahoe is higher in 15-25 days, but is preferably 20 days, the tuckahoe mycelium already extends to the end of the culture material 2/3, and after the grafting, the tuckahoe mycelium in the tuckahoe strain is easily jointed with the mycelium in the pine segment to be further aggregated and absorb the nutrition converted by the mycelium to form new sclerotia.
Compared with the poria cultivating methods in the embodiments 1 to 8 and the comparative example 2, the poria cultivating method has the advantages that the poria blocks to be grafted are grafted on the end face, far away from the grafting face of the inoculating face, of the pine segment during grafting, sclerotia are prevented from growing from other parts of the pine segment compared with the side face of the pine segment during grafting, directional growth of single poria is formed, the poria is larger in size, the yield of the poria is greatly improved, only one sclerotia grows in each cultivating unit, the number of poria is large, the current situation that the poria grows in multiple and the number of poria is small in the traditional cultivating method is changed, the polysaccharide content of the poria is improved, and the economic benefit and the social benefit are remarkable.
Compared with the poria cultivating methods in examples 1 to 8 and comparative example 3, when the poria species and the poria mass to be grafted are derived from the same strain, the compatibility between the grafted mass and the mycelium in the species is better, the grafting survival rate is higher, and the growth of poria is facilitated.
By comparing the poria cultivation methods in examples 1 to 8 and comparative examples 4 to 5, the 3-5-dichloropyrazine-2-carbonitrile and the 1-methyl-4-piperidinol added simultaneously can act synergistically with imidacloprid and ivermectin in the insecticide to enhance the drug effects of imidacloprid and ivermectin, thereby effectively reducing the damage of termites to poria and improving the yield of poria and the content of pachymaran. The poria directional growth cultivation method is convenient to operate and easy to realize industrialization.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art; the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (10)
1. A cultivation method for directional growth of tuckahoe is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, digging a cultivation cellar: selecting a ventilated and sunny sandy loam field with the elevation of 500-1500m and the gradient of 15-30 degrees as a greenfield, and digging a cultivation cellar with the depth of 20-30cm and the width of 20-30cm along the gradient direction of the greenfield;
s2, putting the pine wood section into a cellar: closely placing a plurality of pine wood sections in a delta-shaped structure to form a cultivation unit, wherein the cultivation units are obliquely and horizontally arranged in the cultivation cellar along the gradient direction of the cultivation cellar, and the total dry weight of the pine wood sections in each cultivation unit is ensured to be 6-10 kg;
s3, inoculation treatment: taking one end face of the pine wood sections as an inoculation face, and inoculating tuckahoe strains on the inoculation faces of the pine wood sections;
s4, disease and pest control: putting insecticide into the cultivation cellar at a fixed point, and carrying out insecticidal treatment on the interior of the cultivation unit;
s5, primary earthing: covering the inoculated pine wood sections and the poria cocos strains with soil, covering soil on the surfaces of the pine wood sections with a thickness of 6-8cm, and finishing the cellar surface of the cultivation cellar into a turtle back shape after covering the soil;
s6, grafting treatment: selecting fresh poria cocos to be grafted by taking one end face, far away from the inoculation face, of the pine tree sections as a grafting face, cutting the poria cocos to be grafted into poria cocos blocks to be grafted, wherein poria peel is arranged on at least one face of the poria cocos blocks to be grafted by using a knife, scraping soil stained on the grafting face of the pine tree sections, scraping a grafting cut with the area equal to that of the section of the poria cocos blocks to be grafted, and enabling the section of the poria cocos blocks to be grafted to be attached to the grafting cut on the pine tree sections;
s7: secondary soil covering: covering the grafted pine sections and the poria cocos blocks to be grafted with soil, wherein the thickness of the soil covering the surface of each pine section is 6-8 cm.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein said Poria cocos strain is derived from the same strain as said Poria cocos mass to be grafted.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the inoculation treatment step, the inoculation surface is an upper end of the pine wood segments in a gradient direction;
in the step of grafting treatment, the grafting surfaces are the lower ends of the pine sections along the gradient direction.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step of inoculating, the poria cocos strain is placed in contact with the plurality of pine wood segments on the inoculating surface;
in the step of grafting treatment, when the poria cocos blocks to be grafted are grafted on the grafting surface, the pine tree section which is located at the middle lower part of the grafting surface and has the most vigorous fungus development is selected for grafting.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein prior to placing the pine segments in the cultivation cellar, a square agricultural mulch having a side length of 50cm is placed on the bottom of the cultivation cellar, the pine segments are placed at 10cm of the mulch, and after completion of inoculation, the inoculated surface is covered with the leaky portion of the agricultural mulch.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the pine segments have a diameter of 6-30cm and a length of 40-50 cm.
7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of said cultivation units uses a weight of said Poria cocos strain of 0.5-0.7 kg.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein each of said cultivation units uses a weight of 100g of said poria cocos mass to be grafted.
9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the distance between two adjacent cultivation units is 50-60cm in the direction of the slope and is 100-120cm in the direction perpendicular to the slope.
10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein in the grafting treatment, the grafting time is 0 to 25 days after the inoculation treatment.
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| CN105309203A (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2016-02-10 | 道真自治县香坪中药材种植专业合作社 | Method for utilizing pine and small-diameter logs for planting poria cocos |
| CN105961023A (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2016-09-28 | 重庆市康地实业有限公司 | Biological obliteration method for planting poria cocos cultures on pine tree stumps |
| CN108834750A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-11-20 | 庐山市环绿时代农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of implantation methods of Poria cocos |
| CN111527981A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-08-14 | 胡刘满 | Tea leaf cultivation method |
| CN113383672A (en) * | 2021-07-07 | 2021-09-14 | 云茯苓普洱有限公司 | Poria cocos loose pile planting method |
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