CN114394863A - Microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN114394863A CN114394863A CN202210058873.2A CN202210058873A CN114394863A CN 114394863 A CN114394863 A CN 114394863A CN 202210058873 A CN202210058873 A CN 202210058873A CN 114394863 A CN114394863 A CN 114394863A
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- microbial
- parts
- water
- soluble fertilizer
- insect pests
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- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 102
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 70
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 241001553178 Arachis glabrata Species 0.000 title 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 90
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920005552 sodium lignosulfonate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001488 sodium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 32
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- 241000187395 Streptomyces microflavus Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 241001465752 Purpureocillium lilacinum Species 0.000 claims description 26
- 241000190950 Rhodopseudomonas palustris Species 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 241000193755 Bacillus cereus Species 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000881860 Paenibacillus mucilaginosus Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007633 bacillus mucilaginosus Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 claims description 13
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002068 microbial inoculum Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012065 filter cake Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011008 sodium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 alkyl glycoside Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N disodium;3,7-dioxido-2,4,6,8,9-pentaoxa-1,3,5,7-tetraborabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].O1B([O-])OB2OB([O-])OB1O2 UQGFMSUEHSUPRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl benzenesulfonate;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 GVGUFUZHNYFZLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940032950 ferric sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H iron(3+) sulfate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[Fe+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O RUTXIHLAWFEWGM-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000360 iron(III) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940099596 manganese sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011702 manganese sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000007079 manganese sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O SQQMAOCOWKFBNP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940080264 sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000341 volatile oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 19
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 description 15
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 14
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 11
- 229920001817 Agar Polymers 0.000 description 10
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 239000008272 agar Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910000397 disodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002054 inoculum Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 244000052616 bacterial pathogen Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000203809 Actinomycetales Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000063299 Bacillus subtilis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014469 Bacillus subtilis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002101 Chitin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 241000244206 Nematoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000194105 Paenibacillus polymyxa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000219000 Populus Species 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000222357 Trametes hirsuta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223260 Trichoderma harzianum Species 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 244000000005 bacterial plant pathogen Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000000975 bioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005200 bud stage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005515 coenzyme Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002289 effect on microbe Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009545 invasion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002147 killing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000402 monopotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019796 monopotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001717 pathogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000447 pesticide residue Substances 0.000 description 1
- GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].OP(O)([O-])=O GNSKLFRGEWLPPA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000011085 pressure filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001846 repelling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052604 silicate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
- C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
- C05G5/27—Dispersions, e.g. suspensions or emulsions
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests, which is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 20-40 parts of compound microbial agent, 1-3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-3 parts of sodium phosphate, 15-20 parts of potassium fulvate, 2-5 parts of coconut essential oil, 15-20 parts of sodium lignosulfonate, 2-6 parts of trace elements, 1-3 parts of surfactant and 20-40 parts of water. The invention provides a microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests, which can prevent diseases and insect pests from breeding in the growth of peanuts, reduce the application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, promote the growth and the quality of the peanuts, and effectively reduce the incidence of diseases and insect pests such as peanut root rot, bacterial wilt, leaf spot, net blotch, grub and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of microbial fertilizers, and particularly relates to a microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests and a preparation method thereof.
Background
China is a big agricultural country, and with the continuous development of agricultural technology, the position of fertilizers in agriculture is more and more important, but the contribution rate of traditional fertilizers in grain growth is only 46.3%, and the application of a large amount of fertilizers can cause pollution to soil environment. Therefore, novel fertilizers appear in the market, wherein the application range of the water-soluble fertilizer is the widest, the water-soluble fertilizer is a water-soluble multielement compound fertilizer, can be rapidly dissolved in water and is easier to be absorbed by crops, the absorption utilization rate is relatively high, the integration of water and fertilizer is realized, and the effects of saving water, fertilizer and labor are achieved.
Peanuts are traditional bulk export agricultural products in China, have strong competitiveness in the international market, and according to statistics, the annual export of peanuts in China is about 60 million tons, which accounts for more than 40% of the world export, and is the first export country of peanuts in the world. Meanwhile, as the main oil crops, in the early 50 s of the 20 th century, peanuts account for 34.2% of the total planting area of oil and 59.5% of the total production of oil. However, with the development of urbanization, the cultivated land area is continuously reduced, some problems exist in peanut production in a peanut main production area, and in addition, the peanut diseases and insect pests are in an aggravating trend, so that the further development of the flower planting production industry is limited.
In recent years, with the adjustment of planting structures, the planting area of peanuts is continuously enlarged, and the pest and disease damage of the peanuts tends to rise year by year. In a main peanut producing area, due to the large continuous cropping area and long continuous cropping year, the peanut diseases and pests are very serious, the yield of the peanut is reduced by over 40 percent in some areas due to the diseases and pests such as peanut root rot, bacterial wilt, leaf spot, net blotch, grub and the like, and the peanut production is seriously influenced due to the fact that individual field blocks are completely harvested due to the influence of the bacterial wilt, the grub and the like; meanwhile, excessive use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and the like in the production process causes heavy metal pollution, pesticide residue exceeding standards and the like of peanut products, and the quality of peanuts is seriously affected. Chinese patent CN201911268862.1 discloses a compound microorganism organic water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, wherein the selected bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and bacillus polymyxa have obvious effects of preventing and treating crop diseases, but the insect prevention and insect expelling effects are not obvious; chinese patent CN201810538802.6 discloses an organic water-soluble fertilizer with insect-expelling function and a preparation method thereof, which also takes chemical fertilizers of ammonium nitrate, urea, monopotassium phosphate and potassium hydroxide as main raw materials, and no microbial preparation participates, so that the organic water-soluble fertilizer improves soil and has insignificant yield-increasing effect; CN201610765608.2 discloses an organic water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, which has certain effects of improving soil and preventing and treating plant diseases, but the insect prevention and expelling effect is not obvious; CN201210016659.7 discloses an amino acid microorganism organic water-soluble fertilizer and a preparation method thereof, the patent adopts mycelium of trametes hirsuta, mycelium of poplar, mycelium of Clontopodium hybridum, mycelium of sulfur bacteria, calcium sulfate, chitin and leaf humus as main raw materials, and secondary soaking extraction is adopted, so that the fertilizer has good environmental protection ecological effect, but has poor effects of preventing plant diseases and insect pests, promoting plant growth, improving crop yield and great popularization difficulty.
Therefore, how to fully utilize modern biotechnology, produce and apply high-efficiency biological organic fertilizer, high-efficiency biological microbial inoculum and high-efficiency biological pesticide, and promote the development of the peanut industry is very important.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests, which can prevent the breeding of diseases and insect pests in the growth of peanuts, reduce the application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, promote the growth and the quality of the peanuts, and effectively reduce the incidence of diseases and insect pests such as peanut root rot, bacterial wilt, leaf spot, net blotch, grub and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
preferably, the compound microbial agent consists of a waxy bacillus agent, a colloidal bacillus agent, a paecilomyces lilacinus agent, a rhodopseudomonas palustris agent, a streptomyces microflavus agent and a carrier, wherein the mass ratio of the five microbial agents is 4: 1: 2: 1: 2.
preferably, the bacillus cereus agent ACCC02368, the bacillus mucilaginosus ACCC10012, the rhodopseudomonas palustris ACCC10649 and the streptomyces microflavus ACCC40027 in the compound microbial agent are all obtained from the China agricultural microbial strain collection management center, and the paecilomyces lilacinus ATCC20079 is obtained from the American strain collection center.
Preferably, the preparation method of the compound microbial agent comprises the following steps:
(1) modification of diatomite: firstly, pouring diatomite into concentrated hydrochloric acid with the weight of 2-5 times, soaking for 30-60min at 15-30 ℃, filtering, adding a filter cake into 2-3mol/L nitric acid solution, filtering while hot after the reaction is finished, and drying to obtain modified diatomite;
(2) preparing a carrier: adding the modified diatomite, the peanut shell powder and the oyster shell powder obtained in the step (1) into methanol, heating and stirring, filtering, washing to remove the methanol, drying, grinding and sieving, and sterilizing to obtain a carrier;
(3) preparing a compound microbial agent: respectively and independently carrying out inoculation culture, flocculation, filter pressing, drying and crushing on bacillus cereus, bacillus mucilaginosus, paecilomyces lilacinus, rhodopseudomonas palustris and streptomyces microflavus to obtain corresponding microbial agents, mixing the obtained microbial agents to obtain a mixed microbial agent, adding the carrier in the step (2) into the mixed microbial agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the compound microbial agent.
Preferably, in the step (1), the reaction temperature is 80-90 ℃ and the reaction time is 1-2 h.
Preferably, in the step (2), the mass-to-volume ratio of the modified diatomite, the peanut shell powder, the oyster shell powder and the methanol is 10: 1-3: 5-10: 25-30ml, and stirring at 70-90 deg.C for 2-3 h.
Preferably, the washing in the step (2) is carried out 3-4 times by using hot ethanol at 50 ℃, and the drying conditions are as follows: vacuum drying at 95-100 deg.C for 6-10h, grinding and sieving to obtain carrier with particle size of 40-80 mesh, and sterilizing: sterilizing at 110 deg.C for 1-2 h.
Preferably, in the step (3), the bacillus cereus and the rhodopseudomonas palustris are inoculated in a meat peptone culture medium, and the inoculation amount is 4-7% (volume); inoculating Bacillus mucilaginosus, Streptomyces microflavus and Paecilomyces lilacinus to a PDA culture medium, culturing for 4-6 days with the inoculum size of 3-6% (volume), and respectively culturing by shaking at 180r/min at 170-: the culture temperature of the bacillus cereus is 27-29 ℃, and the culture time is 40-45 h; the culture temperature of the paecilomyces lilacinus is 28-30 ℃, and the culture time is 45-48 h; culturing Bacillus mucilaginosus at 27-29 deg.C for 50-55 h; culturing Rhodopseudomonas palustris at 27-29 deg.C for 40-45 hr; culturing Streptomyces microflavus at 27-29 deg.C for 72-75 hr; the mass ratio of the mixed microbial inoculum to the carrier is 1: 3-5.
Preferably, the meat peptone medium comprises: 3-5 parts of beef extract, 5-6 parts of peptone, 2-4 parts of NaCl, 18-22 parts of agar and 1000 parts of deionized water, wherein the pH value is 6.8-7.2; the PDA culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 195-200 parts of potato, 10-12 parts of glucose, 18-20 parts of agar and Na2HPO44 to 6 parts and 1000 parts of deionized water, and the pH value is 7.0 to 7.6.
Preferably, in the step (3), disodium hydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride are utilized for flocculation, and the addition amount of the disodium hydrogen phosphate and the calcium chloride is 1-2% and 0.5-0.8% of the mass of the fermentation liquor obtained by inoculation culture respectively.
Preferably, in the step (3), the specific method of pressure filtration, drying and crushing comprises the following steps: and (3) performing filter pressing by adopting a plate frame, drying at 45-50 ℃ until the water content is 20-30%, performing cyclone separation, crushing by using a crusher, and sieving by using a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the microbial inoculum.
Preferably, the trace elements are one or more of manganese sulfate, ferric sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate and sodium tetraborate; the surfactant is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, polyethylene glycol, alkyl glycoside and coconut diethanolamide.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests, which comprises the following steps:
mixing potassium fulvate, magnesium sulfate, sodium phosphate and coconut oil, adding 1/2 parts of water, and stirring for 10-15min to obtain a mixed solution 1; then fully mixing sodium lignosulfonate, a surfactant and 1/2 parts of total water, adding trace elements, and stirring for 10-20min to obtain a mixed solution 2; and finally, adding the mixture 1, the mixed solution 2 and the compound microbial agent into a homogenizer for fully mixing and stirring, and drying and crushing to obtain the microbial water-soluble fertilizer.
Preferably, the stirring temperature in the homogenizer is 25-40 ℃, and the stirring time is 0.5-1 h.
The invention also protects the application of the microbial water-soluble fertilizer in preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) according to the water-soluble fertilizer for the microorganisms, the bacillus cereus can generate antibacterial substances, inhibit the propagation of harmful microorganisms, degrade nutrient components in soil and improve the ecological environment; the colloidal bacillus has the effects of decomposing silicate minerals, dissolving phosphorus, dissolving potassium, fixing nitrogen and the like, can improve the content of soluble phosphorus and potassium in soil, and can promote the growth of crops and improve disease resistance; the rhodopseudomonas palustris can generate and release a disease-resistant factor coenzyme in the metabolic process, has a certain inhibiting effect on pathogenic bacteria in organisms and soil, can be symbiotic with actinomycetes in the soil, enables beneficial bacteria to proliferate, inhibits other harmful flora from propagating, and plays a role in ecological disease prevention; the paecilomyces lilacinus is a novel biological pesticide, and can effectively prevent and control diseases and pests such as peanut pathogenic nematodes, grubs and the like; streptomyces microflavus belongs to the order of Actinomycetales, can be used for plant protection through antibiotic, competitive and hyper-parasitic effects, can secrete antibiotic substances or extracellular enzymes, can effectively inhibit plant pathogenic bacteria, and a small part of Streptomyces microflavus can promote plant growth or induce plants to generate disease resistance; the fertilizer also has strong capability of decomposing complex organic matters containing nitrogen and containing no nitrogen, plays an important role in soil improvement, can effectively reduce the breeding of germs, and achieves the effect of preventing and treating diseases. The five bacteria are mixed and applied to the plants, so that the antibacterial property of the plants can be improved, the plant infection by microorganisms can be prevented, and the absorption of the plants to nutrient elements can be promoted, thereby the plant growth is synergistically promoted.
(2) According to the microbial water-soluble fertilizer provided by the invention, microbial strains are fixedly planted in the plant body or on the roots and leaf surfaces, and a mutually synergistic bacterial film can be formed, so that the nutrient absorption capacity of the plant roots can be improved, and the growth, the propagation and the invasion of harmful bacteria can be effectively inhibited; through the activity of microorganisms, the decomposition of soil organic matters and the synthesis of bioactive substances are promoted, the water and fertilizer retention capability of soil can be improved, the ecological environment of soil is improved, the propagation of field weeds and harmful microorganisms is inhibited, and the growth of peanuts is promoted.
(3) According to the microbial water-soluble fertilizer provided by the invention, the sodium lignosulfonate is used as a chelating agent for trace elements, has good dispersibility and chelating capacity, can chelate various trace elements, can provide beneficial nutrient elements for soil, can be degraded in the soil, and cannot cause harm to the soil; the added potassium fulvate can effectively improve the soil structure, regulate the acid-base property of the soil and further keep the soil environment healthy and stable; the added coconut oil has the effects of killing insects, influencing the oviposition of pests, repelling the pests and the like, and can effectively prevent and control peanut diseases and insect pests.
(4) The carrier is treated by acid, so that on one hand, surface impurities can be effectively removed, all materials are fully mixed in the treatment process of mixed liquid to form a porous structure, the adsorption effect is enhanced, and the carrier has a good loading effect on microorganisms; on the other hand, the peanut shell powder, the oyster shell powder, the diatomite and the like provide nutrition for the growth of microorganisms, are favorable for the propagation and growth of the microorganisms and strengthen the prevention and treatment effect of the microorganisms.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
A microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the compound microbial agent is composed of a waxy bacillus agent, a colloidal bacillus agent, a paecilomyces lilacinus agent, a rhodopseudomonas palustris agent, a streptomyces microflavus agent and a carrier, wherein the mass ratio of the five microbial agents is 4: 1: 2: 1: 2.
a preparation method of a microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
(1) modification of diatomite: firstly, pouring 10 parts of diatomite into 30 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid, soaking for 30min at 15 ℃, filtering, adding a filter cake into 2mol/L nitric acid solution, reacting for 1h at 80 ℃, filtering while hot after the reaction is finished, and drying to obtain modified diatomite;
(2) preparing a carrier: adding the modified diatomite obtained in the step (1), 1 part of peanut shell powder and 5 parts of oyster shell powder into 25 parts of methanol, stirring and reacting for 2h at 70 ℃, filtering after the reaction is finished, washing for 3 times by using hot ethanol at 50 ℃, vacuum drying for 6h at 95 ℃, grinding and sieving (40 meshes), and sterilizing at high temperature of 110 ℃ for 1h to obtain a carrier;
(3) preparing a compound microbial agent: respectively and independently carrying out inoculation culture, flocculation, filter pressing, drying and crushing on bacillus cereus, bacillus mucilaginosus, paecilomyces lilacinus, rhodopseudomonas palustris and streptomyces microflavus to obtain corresponding microbial agents, mixing the obtained microbial agents to obtain a mixed microbial agent, adding the carrier in the step (2) into the mixed microbial agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the compound microbial agent;
(4) mixing potassium fulvate, magnesium sulfate, sodium phosphate and coconut essential oil, adding 15 parts of water, and stirring for 10min to obtain a mixed solution 1; then fully mixing sodium lignosulphonate, a surfactant and 15 parts of water, adding trace elements, and stirring for 10min to obtain a mixed solution 2; and finally, adding the mixture 1, the mixed solution 2 and the compound microbial agent into a homogenizer, stirring for 0.5h at 25 ℃, then drying for 5h at 100 ℃, and crushing to obtain the microbial water-soluble fertilizer.
Wherein, in the step (3), bacillus cereus and rhodopseudomonas palustris are inoculated in a meat peptone medium, and the inoculation amount is 4 percent (volume); inoculating Bacillus mucilaginosus, Streptomyces microflavus and Paecilomyces lilacinus to a PDA culture medium, culturing for 4 days with the inoculum size of 3% (volume), and respectively culturing in a shaking table at 170r/min under the respective culture conditions as follows: the culture temperature of the bacillus cereus is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 40 h; the culture temperature of the paecilomyces lilacinus is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 45 h; the culture temperature of the bacillus mucilaginosus is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 50 h; the culture temperature of the rhodopseudomonas palustris is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 40 h; the culture temperature of the streptomyces microflavus is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 72 h; the mass ratio of the mixed microbial inoculum to the carrier is 1: 3.
the meat peptone culture medium comprises: 3 parts of beef extract, 5 parts of peptone, 2 parts of NaCl, 18 parts of agar and 1000 parts of deionized water, wherein the pH value is 7; the PDA culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 195 parts of potato, 10 parts of glucose, 18 parts of agar and Na2HPO44 parts and 1000 parts of deionized water, and the pH is 7.0.
In the step (3), disodium hydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride are utilized for flocculation, and the addition amount of the disodium hydrogen phosphate and the calcium chloride is respectively 1 percent and 0.5 percent of the mass of the fermentation liquor obtained by inoculation culture; the specific method for filter pressing, drying and crushing comprises the following steps: and (3) performing filter pressing by adopting a plate frame, drying at 45 ℃ until the water content is 20%, performing cyclone separation, crushing by using a crusher, and sieving by using a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the microbial inoculum.
Example 2
A microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the compound microbial agent is composed of a waxy bacillus agent, a colloidal bacillus agent, a paecilomyces lilacinus agent, a rhodopseudomonas palustris agent, a streptomyces microflavus agent and a carrier, wherein the mass ratio of the five microbial agents is 4: 1: 2: 1: 2.
a preparation method of a microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
(1) modification of diatomite: firstly, pouring 10 parts of diatomite into 30 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid, soaking for 30min at 15 ℃, filtering, adding a filter cake into 2mol/L nitric acid solution, reacting for 1h at 80 ℃, filtering while hot after the reaction is finished, and drying to obtain modified diatomite;
(2) preparing a carrier: adding the modified diatomite obtained in the step (1), 3 parts of peanut shell powder and 8 parts of oyster shell powder into 30 parts of methanol, stirring and reacting for 2 hours at 80 ℃, filtering after the reaction is finished, washing for 4 times by using hot ethanol at 50 ℃, vacuum drying for 7 hours at 95 ℃, grinding and sieving (60 meshes), and sterilizing at high temperature of 110 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a carrier;
(3) preparing a compound microbial agent: respectively and independently carrying out inoculation culture, flocculation, filter pressing, drying and crushing on bacillus cereus, bacillus mucilaginosus, paecilomyces lilacinus, rhodopseudomonas palustris and streptomyces microflavus to obtain corresponding microbial agents, mixing the obtained microbial agents to obtain a mixed microbial agent, adding the carrier in the step (2) into the mixed microbial agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the compound microbial agent;
(4) mixing potassium fulvate, magnesium sulfate, sodium phosphate and coconut essential oil, adding 20 parts of water, and stirring for 13min to obtain a mixed solution 1; then fully mixing sodium lignosulphonate, a surfactant and 20 parts of water, adding trace elements, and stirring for 13min to obtain a mixed solution 2; and finally, adding the mixture 1, the mixed solution 2 and the compound microbial agent into a homogenizer, stirring for 0.5h at 30 ℃, then drying for 6h at 100 ℃, and crushing to obtain the microbial water-soluble fertilizer.
Wherein, in the step (3), bacillus cereus and rhodopseudomonas palustris are inoculated in a meat peptone medium, and the inoculation amount is 5 percent (volume); inoculating Bacillus mucilaginosus, Streptomyces microflavus and Paecilomyces lilacinus to a PDA culture medium, culturing for 5 days with the inoculum size of 4% (volume), and respectively culturing in a shaking table at 180r/min under the respective culture conditions as follows: the culture temperature of the bacillus cereus is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 43 hours; the culture temperature of the paecilomyces lilacinus is 29 ℃, and the culture time is 45 h; the culture temperature of the bacillus mucilaginosus is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 53 h; the culture temperature of the rhodopseudomonas palustris is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 43 hours; the culture temperature of the streptomyces microflavus is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 74 hours; the mass ratio of the mixed microbial inoculum to the carrier is 1: 4.
the meat peptone culture medium comprises: 4 parts of beef extract, 5 parts of peptone, 3 parts of NaCl, 20 parts of agar and 1000 parts of deionized water, wherein the pH value of the beef extract is 6.8; the PDA culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 198 parts of potato, 11 parts of glucose, 19 parts of agar and Na2HPO45 parts and 1000 parts deionized water, and its pH is 7.3.
In the step (3), disodium hydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride are utilized for flocculation, and the addition amount of the disodium hydrogen phosphate and the calcium chloride is respectively 1.5 percent and 0.6 percent of the mass of the fermentation liquor obtained by inoculation culture; the specific method for filter pressing, drying and crushing comprises the following steps: and (3) performing filter pressing by adopting a plate frame, drying at 48 ℃ until the water content is 25%, performing cyclone separation, crushing by using a crusher, and sieving by using a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the microbial inoculum.
Example 3
A microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the compound microbial agent is composed of a waxy bacillus agent, a colloidal bacillus agent, a paecilomyces lilacinus agent, a rhodopseudomonas palustris agent, a streptomyces microflavus agent and a carrier, wherein the mass ratio of the five microbial agents is 4: 1: 2: 1: 2.
a preparation method of a microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
(1) modification of diatomite: firstly, pouring 10 parts of diatomite into 50 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid, soaking for 60min at 30 ℃, filtering, adding a filter cake into 3mol/L nitric acid solution, reacting for 2h at 90 ℃, filtering while hot after the reaction is finished, and drying to obtain modified diatomite;
(2) preparing a carrier: adding the modified diatomite obtained in the step (1), 3 parts of peanut shell powder and 10 parts of oyster shell powder into 30 parts of methanol, stirring and reacting for 3 hours at 90 ℃, filtering after the reaction is finished, washing for 4 times by using hot ethanol at 50 ℃, vacuum drying for 10 hours at 100 ℃, grinding and sieving (80 meshes), and sterilizing at high temperature of 110 ℃ for 2 hours to obtain a carrier;
(3) preparing a compound microbial agent: respectively and independently carrying out inoculation culture, flocculation, filter pressing, drying and crushing on bacillus cereus, bacillus mucilaginosus, paecilomyces lilacinus, rhodopseudomonas palustris and streptomyces microflavus to obtain corresponding microbial agents, mixing the obtained microbial agents to obtain a mixed microbial agent, adding the carrier in the step (2) into the mixed microbial agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the compound microbial agent;
(4) mixing potassium fulvate, magnesium sulfate, sodium phosphate and coconut essential oil, adding 20 parts of water, and stirring for 15min to obtain a mixed solution 1; then fully mixing sodium lignosulphonate, a surfactant and 20 parts of water, adding trace elements, and stirring for 20min to obtain a mixed solution 2; and finally, adding the mixture 1, the mixed solution 2 and the compound microbial agent into a homogenizer, stirring for 1h at 40 ℃, then drying for 5h at 100 ℃, and crushing to obtain the microbial water-soluble fertilizer.
Wherein, in the step (3), bacillus cereus and rhodopseudomonas palustris are inoculated in a meat peptone medium, and the inoculation amount is 7 percent (volume); inoculating Bacillus mucilaginosus, Streptomyces microflavus and Paecilomyces lilacinus to a PDA culture medium, culturing for 6 days with the inoculum size of 6% (volume), and respectively culturing in a shaking table at 180r/min under the respective culture conditions as follows: the culture temperature of the bacillus cereus is 29 ℃, and the culture time is 45 h; the culture temperature of the paecilomyces lilacinus is 30 ℃, and the culture time is 48 h; the culture temperature of the bacillus mucilaginosus is 29 ℃, and the culture time is 55 h; the culture temperature of the rhodopseudomonas palustris is 29 ℃, and the culture time is 45 hours; culturing streptomyces microflavus at 29 ℃ for 75 h; the mass ratio of the mixed microbial inoculum to the carrier is 1: 5.
the meat peptone culture medium comprises: 5 parts of beef extract, 6 parts of peptone, 4 parts of NaCl, 22 parts of agar and 1000 parts of deionized water, wherein the pH value is 7.2; the PDA culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 200 parts of potato, 12 parts of glucose, 20 parts of agar and Na2HPO46 parts and 1000 parts of deionized water, and the pH is 7.6.
In the step (3), disodium hydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride are utilized for flocculation, and the addition amount of the disodium hydrogen phosphate and the calcium chloride is respectively 2% and 0.8% of the mass of the fermentation liquor obtained by inoculation culture; the specific method for filter pressing, drying and crushing comprises the following steps: and (3) performing filter pressing by adopting a plate frame, drying at 50 ℃ until the water content is 20%, performing cyclone separation, crushing by using a crusher, and sieving by using a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the microbial inoculum.
Comparative example 1
A water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
a preparation method of a water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
mixing potassium fulvate, magnesium sulfate, sodium phosphate and coconut oil, adding 10 parts of water, and stirring for 10min to obtain a mixed solution 1; then fully mixing sodium lignosulphonate, a surfactant and 10 parts of water, adding trace elements, and stirring for 10min to obtain a mixed solution 2; and finally, adding the mixture 1 and the mixed solution 2 into a homogenizer, stirring for 0.5h at 25 ℃, then drying for 5h at 100 ℃, and crushing to obtain the microbial water-soluble fertilizer.
Comparative example 2
A microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
the compound microbial agent is composed of a waxy bacillus agent, a colloidal bacillus agent, a paecilomyces lilacinus agent, a rhodopseudomonas palustris agent, a streptomyces microflavus agent and a carrier, wherein the mass ratio of the five microbial agents is 4: 1: 2: 1: 2.
a preparation method of a microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests comprises the following steps:
(1) modification of diatomite: firstly, pouring 10 parts of diatomite into 30 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid, soaking for 30min at 15 ℃, filtering, adding a filter cake into 2mol/L nitric acid solution, reacting for 1h at 80 ℃, filtering while hot after the reaction is finished, and drying to obtain modified diatomite;
(2) preparing a carrier: adding the modified diatomite obtained in the step (1), 1 part of peanut shell powder and 5 parts of oyster shell powder into 25 parts of methanol, stirring and reacting for 2h at 70 ℃, filtering after the reaction is finished, washing for 3 times by using hot ethanol at 50 ℃, vacuum drying for 6h at 95 ℃, grinding and sieving (40 meshes), and sterilizing at high temperature of 110 ℃ for 1h to obtain a carrier;
(3) preparing a compound microbial agent: respectively and independently carrying out inoculation culture, flocculation, filter pressing, drying and crushing on bacillus cereus, bacillus mucilaginosus, paecilomyces lilacinus, rhodopseudomonas palustris and streptomyces microflavus to obtain corresponding microbial agents, mixing the obtained microbial agents to obtain a mixed microbial agent, adding the carrier in the step (2) into the mixed microbial agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the compound microbial agent;
(4) mixing magnesium sulfate and sodium phosphate, adding 10 parts of water, and stirring for 10min to obtain a mixed solution 1; then fully mixing the trace elements and 10 parts of water, and stirring for 10min to obtain a mixed solution 2; and finally, adding the mixture 1, the mixed solution 2 and the compound microbial agent into a homogenizer, stirring for 0.5h at 25 ℃, then drying for 5h at 100 ℃, and crushing to obtain the microbial water-soluble fertilizer.
Wherein, in the step (3), bacillus cereus and rhodopseudomonas palustris are inoculated in a meat peptone medium, and the inoculation amount is 4 percent (volume); inoculating Bacillus mucilaginosus, Streptomyces microflavus and Paecilomyces lilacinus to a PDA culture medium, culturing for 4 days with the inoculum size of 3% (volume), and respectively culturing in a shaking table at 170r/min under the respective culture conditions as follows: the culture temperature of the bacillus cereus is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 40 h; the culture temperature of the paecilomyces lilacinus is 28 ℃, and the culture time is 45 h; the culture temperature of the bacillus mucilaginosus is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 50 h; the culture temperature of the rhodopseudomonas palustris is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 40 h; the culture temperature of the streptomyces microflavus is 27 ℃, and the culture time is 72 h; the mass ratio of the mixed microbial inoculum to the carrier is 1: 3.
the meat peptone culture medium comprises: 3 parts of beef extract, 5 parts of peptone, 2 parts of NaCl, 18 parts of agar and 1000 parts of deionized water, wherein the pH value is 7; the PDA culture medium comprises the following components in parts by weight: 195 parts of potato, 10 parts of glucose, 18 parts of agar and Na2HPO44 parts and 1000 parts of deionized water, and the pH is 7.0.
In the step (3), disodium hydrogen phosphate and calcium chloride are utilized for flocculation, and the addition amount of the disodium hydrogen phosphate and the calcium chloride is respectively 1 percent and 0.5 percent of the mass of the fermentation liquor obtained by inoculation culture; the specific method for filter pressing, drying and crushing comprises the following steps: and (3) performing filter pressing by adopting a plate frame, drying at 45 ℃ until the water content is 20%, performing cyclone separation, crushing by using a crusher, and sieving by using a 30-mesh sieve to obtain the microbial inoculum.
And testing the disease and insect prevention effect of the microbial water-soluble fertilizer on peanut planting.
Experiment 3 treatments were set, no fertilizer application (blank), commercial organic fertilizer application (control), microbial water soluble fertilizer application (i.e. fertilizers prepared in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-2, experimental group), and testPlanting 2000 peanut plants in the area according to conventional planting method, randomly arranging in blocks, repeating for 3 times, applying fertilizer as basic fertilizer in the initial planting stage, wherein the control group is 260kg/667m2Applied to the experimental group according to 305kg/667m2Applying, not topdressing after transplanting, respectively counting the morbidity of the leaf spot, the bacterial wilt, the net blotch and the root rot of the peanuts and the grub insect pests in the peanut rooting stage, the bud stage and the maturation stage, and calculating the morbidity.
The incidence rate is (number of infected plants/total number of investigated plants) × 100%.
The statistical results are shown in the following table 1:
TABLE 1 Effect of different fertilization treatments on the disease and pest status of peanut
The experimental result shows that compared with the condition that no fertilizer is applied, the effect of reducing the peanut morbidity of the commercial organic fertilizer is not obvious, the disease rate of the peanut is not obviously reduced although the water-soluble fertilizer is prepared by using the microorganism in the comparative examples 1-2 and the compound microbial agent is not used in the comparative example 1, the pest damage of the peanut is not obviously reduced and the disease rate of the peanut is only slightly reduced compared with the commercial organic fertilizer because the potassium fulvate, the coconut essential oil and the sodium lignosulfonate are not added in the comparative example 2; the microbial water-soluble fertilizer (examples 1-3) prepared by the invention can effectively prevent and treat various diseases in each growth period of peanuts, and achieves very obvious effect of preventing plant diseases and insect pests.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests is characterized by being prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight:
2. the microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compound microbial agent consists of a waxy bacillus agent, a colloidal bacillus agent, a paecilomyces lilacinus agent, a rhodopseudomonas palustris agent, a streptomyces microflavus agent and a carrier, and the mass ratio of the five microbial agents is 4: 1: 2: 1: 2.
3. the microbial water-soluble fertilizer for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests according to claim 2, wherein the preparation method of the compound microbial agent is as follows:
(1) modification of diatomite: firstly, pouring diatomite into concentrated hydrochloric acid with the weight of 2-5 times, soaking for 30-60min at 15-30 ℃, filtering, adding a filter cake into 2-3mol/L nitric acid solution, filtering while hot after the reaction is finished, and drying to obtain modified diatomite;
(2) preparing a carrier: adding the modified diatomite, the peanut shell powder and the oyster shell powder obtained in the step (1) into methanol, heating and stirring, filtering, washing to remove the methanol, drying, grinding and sieving, and sterilizing to obtain a carrier;
(3) preparing a compound microbial agent: respectively and independently carrying out inoculation culture, flocculation, filter pressing, drying and crushing on bacillus cereus, bacillus mucilaginosus, paecilomyces lilacinus, rhodopseudomonas palustris and streptomyces microflavus to obtain corresponding microbial agents, mixing the obtained microbial agents to obtain a mixed microbial agent, adding the carrier in the step (2) into the mixed microbial agent, and uniformly mixing to obtain the compound microbial agent.
4. The microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests according to claim 3, wherein in the step (1), the reaction temperature is 80-90 ℃ and the reaction time is 1-2 h.
5. The microbial water-soluble fertilizer for preventing and treating peanut diseases and insect pests according to claim 3, wherein in the step (2), the mass-to-volume ratio of the modified diatomite to the peanut shell powder to the oyster shell powder to the methanol is 10: 1-3: 5-10: 25-30ml, and stirring at 70-90 deg.C for 2-3 h.
6. The microbial water-soluble fertilizer for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the step (3), Bacillus cereus and Rhodopseudomonas palustris are inoculated in a meat peptone medium, Bacillus mucilaginosus, Streptomyces microflavus and Paecilomyces lilacinus are inoculated in a PDA medium, and after culturing for 4-6 days, the strains are respectively cultured in a shaking table at 180r/min at 170-: the culture temperature of the bacillus cereus is 27-29 ℃, and the culture time is 40-45 h; the culture temperature of the paecilomyces lilacinus is 28-30 ℃, and the culture time is 45-48 h; culturing Bacillus mucilaginosus at 27-29 deg.C for 50-55 h; culturing Rhodopseudomonas palustris at 27-29 deg.C for 40-45 hr; culturing Streptomyces microflavus at 27-29 deg.C for 72-75 hr; the mass ratio of the mixed microbial inoculum to the carrier is 1: 3-5.
7. The microbial water-soluble fertilizer for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests according to claim 1, wherein the trace elements are one or more of manganese sulfate, ferric sulfate, zinc sulfate, sodium molybdate and sodium tetraborate; the surfactant is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, polyethylene glycol, alkyl glycoside and coconut diethanolamide.
8. A preparation method of the microbial water-soluble fertilizer for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing potassium fulvate, magnesium sulfate, sodium phosphate and coconut oil, adding 1/2 parts of water, and stirring for 10-15min to obtain a mixed solution 1; then fully mixing sodium lignosulfonate, a surfactant and 1/2 parts of total water, adding trace elements, and stirring for 10-20min to obtain a mixed solution 2; and finally, adding the mixture 1, the mixed solution 2 and the compound microbial agent into a homogenizer for fully mixing and stirring, and drying and crushing to obtain the microbial water-soluble fertilizer.
9. The preparation method of the microbial water-soluble fertilizer for controlling peanut diseases and insect pests according to claim 8, wherein the stirring temperature in the homogenizer is 25-40 ℃, and the stirring time is 0.5-1 h.
10. The application of the microbial water-soluble fertilizer disclosed by any one of claims 1-7 in controlling peanut pests.
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