CN114009608A - 一种能修复仔猪受损肠道的复合营养素及其应用 - Google Patents
一种能修复仔猪受损肠道的复合营养素及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种能修复仔猪受损肠道的复合营养素及其应用，所述复合营养素包括以下重量百分比的组分：有机酸30～50％，氨基酸20～30％，酶制剂8～15％，枯草芽孢杆菌5～15％，矿物元素4～6％，葡萄糖5～20％；其中，所述酶制剂包括淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶，所述淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶的重量比为1～2:1:1～2。该复合营养素可修复腹泻仔猪肠道健康，降低腹泻率，改善生长性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种能修复仔猪受损肠道的复合营养素及其应用。
背景技术
断奶是仔猪生长发育一个至关重要的阶段，这期间对仔猪肠道健康的影响可能持续终生。由于仔猪断奶时消化吸收以及免疫功能发育不完善，极易受到环境、日粮和心理应激，导致断奶仔猪出现采食量低、腹泻率高、肠道粘膜受损、营养代谢紊乱、肠道菌群失调等一系列问题，即“断奶综合征”。断奶仔猪在断奶后3～5天腹泻率可达50％，损伤仔猪肠道发育及功能，具体表现为肠道绒毛高度降低、隐窝深度增加、黏液层变薄、肠上皮屏障通透性增加、消化吸收功能减弱、肠道内微生物菌群失衡等。另外，断奶期间这些腹泻仔猪免疫力下降，继发性患病率增加，肠道损伤进一步加重，如果不能有效的修复肠道损伤，缓解腹泻情况，严重会导致仔猪生长停滞及死亡。
造成仔猪腹泻的主要原因有肠道发育受损，消化能力减弱，肠道菌群紊乱。为了修复断奶仔猪肠道损伤，降低断奶仔猪腹泻率，目前采用的方法包括饲喂代乳料、断奶前补饲教槽料、饲喂液态饲料、饲粮添加抗生素、添加氧化锌、添加植物提取物等。代乳料产品对于提高断奶仔猪生长性能有着显著效果，但价格昂贵，不能在生产上广泛应用，同时缺乏饲粮对仔猪肠道的刺激，不利于仔猪肠道发育。补饲教槽料能够减轻断奶应激，但是对于修复肠道损伤没有促进作用。液态饲喂技术能够缓解固态饲粮对断奶仔猪的刺激，使仔猪平稳度过断奶期，但是购买液态饲喂设备需要大笔资金，目前我国绝大部分猪场并没有安装液态饲喂生产线。所以，缓解断奶应激，修复肠道损伤还得使用营养手段。长期以来，添加抗生素成为我们降低断奶仔猪腹泻的主要手段。但是，随着耐药株不断出现以及仔猪本身免疫力的下降，抗生素的使用剂量逐渐增加，长此以往，造成的抗生素滥用、细菌抗药性以及药物残留等问题严重影响食品安全以及广大消费者的健康。目前大部分欧洲国家已经禁止抗生素作为饲料添加剂使用，我国农业部也出台无抗养殖的政策，明确规定从2020年7月1日起饲粮中禁止添加抗生素。氧化锌能够有效增强机体免疫功能，促进仔猪生长，但氧化锌大部分会随粪便排出，造成锌资源浪费和环境污染。我国农业部2625号公告从2018年7月1日起正式施行，开始全面降锌。植物提取物是近年来被认为是绿色安全的饲料添加剂，能够有效缓解仔猪断奶应激，但是其成分复杂，对仔猪的潜在影响还未可知。因此，现有技术还不能满足断奶后肠道受损仔猪的营养需求，研发一种缓解仔猪腹泻，修复肠道损伤，促进仔猪生长的安全、无污染、无残留的饲料添加剂势在必行。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种能修复仔猪受损肠道的复合营养素及其应用，该复合营养素可修复腹泻仔猪肠道健康，降低腹泻率，改善生长性能。
为实现上述目的，所采取的技术方案：一种能修复仔猪受损肠道的复合营养素，所述复合营养素包括以下重量百分比的组分：
其中，所述酶制剂包括淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶，所述淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶的重量比为1～2:1:1～2。
优选地，所述复合营养素包括以下重量百分比的组分：
优选地，所述淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶的重量比为1:1:2。
优选地，所述氨基酸包括谷氨酰胺和精氨酸，所述谷氨酰胺和精氨酸的重量比为2～5:1。
优选地，所述谷氨酰胺和精氨酸的重量比为5:1。
优选地，所述有机酸包括乳酸、柠檬酸和富马酸，所述乳酸、柠檬酸和富马酸的重量比为1～6:1～2:1。
优选地，所述乳酸、柠檬酸和富马酸的重量比为6:2:1。
优选地，所述矿物元素包括氯化钾和酵母硒，所述氯化钾和酵母硒的重量比为50～100:1。
优选地，所述氯化钾和酵母硒的重量比为50:1。
本发明提供了一种能修复仔猪受损肠道的饲料，其特征在于，所述饲料包括上述所述的复合营养素。
优选地，所述复合营养素在所述饲料中的重量百分比为1％。
本发明提供了上述所述的复合营养素在制备能修复仔猪受损肠道、提高仔猪的生长性能或降低仔猪腹泻发生率的饲料添加剂或饲料中的应用。
有益效果：
本发明根据营养素的特性，并根据其功能互补性、叠加性原理，通过反复研究和试验，获得了一种绿色、无抗的复合营养素。该复合营养素能够修复仔猪受损肠道，更能预防仔猪腹泻，从而提高仔猪的生长性能，降低仔猪腹泻发生率。
附图说明
图1为酶制剂对饲料酸溶性蛋白水平的影响；
图2为酶制剂对饲料乳酸含量的影响。
具体实施方式
为更好的说明本发明的目的、技术方案和优点，下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明。CON：对照。
实施例1
本发明首先考察了酶制剂、有机酸、氨基酸对腹泻仔猪生长性能、腹泻率以及肠道健康的影响。
1、酶制剂对发酵饲料品质的影响
本试验评估添加酶制剂对发酵饲料品质的影响。试验设计4个处理：对照组(CON)(不添加酶制剂)，2ALP组(添加0.1％复合酶)：淀粉酶：脂肪酶：蛋白酶＝2:1:1，ALP组(添加0.1％复合酶)：淀粉酶：脂肪酶：蛋白酶＝1:1:1，AL2P组(添加0.1％复合酶)：淀粉酶：脂肪酶：蛋白酶＝1:1:2，在实验室前期筛选的发酵工艺参数下，在料水比分别为1:0.5和1:1条件下考察酶制剂对发酵日粮的酸溶蛋白含量的影响，发酵日粮：30.28％膨化玉米、35.69％玉米、11.89％豆粕、11.89％膨化大豆、2.38％蔗糖、2.14％豆油。结果发现，淀粉酶：脂肪酶：蛋白酶＝1:1:2显著增加饲料酸溶性蛋白和乳酸的含量(如图1和图2)。
将AL2P组饲料饲喂仔猪，与未添加酶制剂的对照组相比，结果如表1所示，断奶仔猪日增重提高了15％，腹泻率降低了52％。
表1断奶仔猪日增重和腹泻率结果
2、不同有机酸组合对仔猪粪便微生物和腹泻率的影响
以21日龄断奶仔猪随机分为5个处理，每组10个重复，每个重复1头仔猪，分别饲喂对照组日粮，处理1(添加0.4％有机酸)：乳酸+柠檬酸日粮(1:1)，处理2(添加0.4％有机酸)：乳酸+柠檬酸+富马酸日粮(1:1:1)，处理3(添加0.4％有机酸)：乳酸+柠檬酸+富马酸(3:2:1)，处理4(添加0.4％有机酸)：乳酸+柠檬酸+富马酸(6:2:1)，试验期21天，考察仔猪粪便微生物的组成。结果表明与对照相比(表2)，处理4乳酸+柠檬酸+富马酸(6:2:1)组合显著降低仔猪粪便中大肠杆菌的数量，显著增加乳酸杆菌的数量，降低仔猪腹泻率。
表2不同组合有机酸对断奶仔猪粪便微生物菌群和腹泻率的影响
3、补充精氨酸对弱小仔猪生长性能的影响
以3日龄低出生重的哺乳仔猪为试验动物，随机分为2个处理，分别饲喂添加0.04％和不添加精氨酸的饲料，每个处理8个重复，每个重复1头仔猪，试验期21天，考察仔猪生长性能。结果表明(表3)，补充精氨酸能够显著改善弱小仔猪的日增重和采食量。
表3饲粮补充精氨酸对低出生重哺乳仔猪生长性能的影响
4、补充精氨酸对弱小仔猪抗氧化能力的影响
以3日龄低出生重的哺乳仔猪为试验动物，随机分为2个处理，分别饲喂添加0.04％和不添加精氨酸的饲料，每个处理8个重复，每个重复1头仔猪，试验期21天，试验结束后采集仔猪血清，考察仔猪血清抗氧化能力。结果表明(表4)，补充精氨酸能够显著改善弱小仔猪的抗氧化能力。
表4饲粮补充精氨酸对低出生重哺乳仔猪血清抗氧化酶活性与MDA含量的影响
5、补充精氨酸和谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响
以25日龄断奶仔猪为试验动物，随机分为3个处理，分别饲喂不添加(对照组)、添加0.10％精氨酸和0.20％谷氨酰胺(A2G)和添加0.04％精氨酸和0.20％谷氨酰胺的饲料(A5G)，每个处理10个重复，每个重复2头仔猪，试验期7天，考察仔猪生长性能和腹泻率。结果表明(表5和表6)，补充精氨酸和谷氨酰胺能够显著改善断奶仔猪的日增重，提高空肠绒毛高度，促进空肠发育。
表5饲粮补充精氨酸和谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响
表6饲粮补充精氨酸和谷氨酰胺对断奶仔猪空肠形态的影响
实施例2
本发明在前期研究的基础上，研究和筛选了以有机酸、氨基酸、酶制剂、益生菌、矿物元素等组成的复合营养素对腹泻仔猪肠道损伤的修复作用。本发明通过仔猪饲养试验结合生物化学分析手段，考察了复合营养素对腹泻仔猪生长性能、腹泻率以及肠道健康的影响。
本发明进行了***研究，本发明以在21日龄断奶仔猪为试验动物，饲喂仔猪添加0和1％本发明的复合营养素组合添加剂，通过考察仔猪的生长性能、腹泻率、血清生化、肠道渗透性、空肠形态等。
本发明复合营养素包括以下重量百分比的组分：
其中，有机酸包括乳酸、柠檬酸和富马酸，所述乳酸、柠檬酸和富马酸的重量比为6:2:1；所述氨基酸包括谷氨酰胺和精氨酸，所述谷氨酰胺和精氨酸的重量比为5:1；所述酶制剂包括淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶，所述淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶的重量比为1:1:2；所述矿物元素包括氯化钾和酵母硒，所述氯化钾和酵母硒的重量比为50:1。
在腹泻仔猪上验证该发明复合营养素对仔猪受损肠道的修复能力，以21日龄断奶仔猪饲喂含有4％变质鱼粉后发生腹泻的仔猪为试验动物，随机分为2个处理，分别饲喂添加0和1％本发明添加剂的饲料，每组10个重复，每个重复1头仔猪，试验期28天，考察仔猪生长性能、腹泻率、血清生化、肠道渗透性、空肠绒毛形态。试验饲粮参照NRC(2012)饲养需要标准配制，试验饲粮中的营养水平可满足或超过仔猪的营养需要。
表7本发明对断奶腹泻仔猪生产性能和腹泻率的影响
结果显示(表7)，试验组显著提高了仔猪日增重和日均采食量，现在降低了料重比，极显著的降低了仔猪腹泻率。
表8本发明对断奶腹泻仔猪血清生化的影响
结果显示(表8)，试验组显著降低了仔猪血清尿素氮和丙二醛的水平。
表9本发明对断奶腹泻肠道渗透性的影响(％)
结果显示(表9)，试验组显著降低了仔猪血清D-乳酸的水平和二胺氧化酶的活性。
表10本发明对断奶腹泻仔猪空肠绒毛形态的影响(％)
结果显示(表10)，试验组显著增加了腹泻仔猪肠道绒毛高度。
最后所应当说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对本发明保护范围的限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种能修复仔猪受损肠道的复合营养素，其特征在于，所述复合营养素包括以下重量百分比的组分：
其中，所述酶制剂包括淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶，所述淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶的重量比为1～2:1:1～2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合营养素，其特征在于，所述复合营养素包括以下重量百分比的组分：
3.根据权利要求1所述的复合营养素，其特征在于，所述淀粉酶、脂肪酶和蛋白酶的重量比为1:1:2。
4.根据权利要求1所述的复合营养素，其特征在于，所述氨基酸包括谷氨酰胺和精氨酸，所述谷氨酰胺和精氨酸的重量比为2～5:1；优选地，所述谷氨酰胺和精氨酸的重量比为5:1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的复合营养素，其特征在于，所述有机酸包括乳酸、柠檬酸和富马酸，所述乳酸、柠檬酸和富马酸的重量比为1～6:1～2:1。
6.根据权利要求5所述的复合营养素，其特征在于，所述乳酸、柠檬酸和富马酸的重量比为6:2:1。
7.根据权利要求1所述的复合营养素，其特征在于，所述矿物元素包括氯化钾和酵母硒，所述氯化钾和酵母硒的重量比为50～100:1。
8.根据权利要求7所述的复合营养素，其特征在于，所述氯化钾和酵母硒的重量比为50:1。
9.一种能修复仔猪受损肠道的饲料，其特征在于，所述饲料包括如权利要求1-8任一所述的复合营养素；优选地，所述复合营养素在所述饲料中的重量百分比为1％。
10.如权利要求1-8任一所述的复合营养素在制备能修复仔猪受损肠道、提高仔猪的生长性能或降低仔猪腹泻发生率的饲料添加剂或饲料中的应用。
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