CN113711835A - Hillside land greening planting method - Google Patents
Hillside land greening planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113711835A CN113711835A CN202111159984.4A CN202111159984A CN113711835A CN 113711835 A CN113711835 A CN 113711835A CN 202111159984 A CN202111159984 A CN 202111159984A CN 113711835 A CN113711835 A CN 113711835A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
- A01G23/02—Transplanting, uprooting, felling or delimbing trees
- A01G23/04—Transplanting trees; Devices for grasping the root ball, e.g. stump forceps; Wrappings or packages for transporting trees
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hillside land greening planting method, which mainly comprises the following steps: soil preparation, hole digging, nursery stock treatment and nursery stock planting. In the planting process, a water storage disc (4) and a water retention bottle (6) are arranged to provide water for the growth of nursery stocks, and meanwhile, a plurality of water retention measures are adopted to improve the water retention capacity of soil in planting holes of hilly lands and increase the water supply demand of plants, so that the method is particularly suitable for being used in arid and rainless areas; and the cultivation plate is used for replacing a common soil cofferdam, so that the planting and ridging cost can be reduced, the mountain runoff can be reduced, and the water and soil loss can be prevented.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of land greening, and particularly relates to a hillside land greening planting method.
Background
China is vast in territorial area, but the greening of territorial soil with higher growth rate is kept for years after the country is built, so that the greening space is gradually reduced, and the newly increased greening space can only be carried out in mountainous regions with poor site conditions. The condition of the greening space determines the success or failure of greening, particularly two key factors of soil and water which influence the survival of seedlings. The poor plots of three-dimensional condition soil layer is thin, does not form real soil structure even, mostly weather rock rubbles, very unfavorable to plant growth, and the poor plots of standing still are located the inconvenient mountain and the mountain range in addition mostly, and the maintenance of watering when planting greenery is restricted, especially in the arid area of rainless in the north, just have abundant moisture in summer each year, but the temperature is too high in summer, is unsuitable for planting greenery, therefore very easily cause the nursery stock after planting not in time water and later stage maintenance can not follow up watering, and nursery stock moisture imbalance and then death, and the greening engineering fails.
At present, greening of hillside fields can only be selected in the dormancy period of deciduous tree species or the spring and autumn season with vigorous physiological activities of evergreen tree species, once the optimal planting period is missed, greening engineering of hillside fields must be stopped, otherwise unnecessary loss and greening failure can be caused. The watering cost for mountain afforestation maintenance is too high, normal watering maintenance is difficult to realize, and people want to realize mountain afforestation planting and still eat by the sun.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a method for greening a hilly land, which can maintain soil moisture.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows: a hillside land greening planting method comprises the following steps:
s1 digging holes on land: carrying out reverse slope cave-shaped land preparation on the planting land, simultaneously placing surface soil and gravels on the reverse slope side of the planting hole, and placing inner soil on the outer side of the planting hole;
s2, processing the nursery stock, namely, irrigating the nursery stock to be dug thoroughly for 2-3 days, then, digging, pruning branches and leaves of the nursery stock after digging, and reserving primary and secondary growing side branches;
s3, planting nursery stocks, namely planting nursery stocks 50-70 days after the planting holes are dug, cleaning sundries in the planting holes before planting, placing a water storage disc on the bottommost layer of the planting holes, and then scattering organic fertilizers with the thickness of 2-3 cm on the planting holes; placing the prepared nursery stock on a water storage disc and righting, backfilling the formula soil layer by layer, installing the forest cultivation plate at a downhill position of the planting hole while backfilling the formula soil, forming an arc shape along the contour of the planting hole, and keeping the exposed soil height of the forest cultivation plate not lower than 15 cm;
in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the nursery stock planted in the method for planting landscaping in hilly land is a bare-rooted nursery stock.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the seedlings planted in the method for planting landscaping in hilly lands are soil ball seedlings.
In a preferable scheme of the invention, the tree holes for land preparation and hole digging are arranged in a plum blossom shape or a delta shape, the length, width and height of the tree holes are 60 multiplied by 60cm, and the planting density is 110 plants/mu.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in the step S2, the water-retaining slurry that is to be dipped into the root system of the bare-root seedling after the seedling is lifted is prepared by: mixing 100g/L water-retaining agent solution and 100mg/LABT rooting powder solution under stirring, diluting the obtained mixed solution to 10 times, and mixing with soil under stirring.
In a preferred scheme of the invention, in the step S2, a slurry dipping pool needs to be excavated on site for preparing water-retaining slurry and carrying out slurry dipping treatment after the bare-rooted seedlings are lifted, and the slurry dipping treatment can be carried out on the seedling roots 2-3 hours after the slurry dipping pool is excavated.
In a preferable scheme of the invention, the water storage tray is provided with a plastic film for covering the surface of the water storage tray.
In a preferable scheme of the invention, in the seedling planting, after the seedling is placed in the planting hole, the water-retaining bottle is placed on the periphery of the seedling, the water-retaining bottle is positioned in the upward slope direction of the planting hole, and the top surface is lower than the bottommost part of the seedling root system.
In a preferable scheme of the invention, the formula soil is prepared from natural soil and a water-retaining agent according to a volume ratio of 2-4: 1, and the water-retaining agent is starch grafted acrylate.
In a preferable scheme of the invention, during the seedling planting, the formula soil is backfilled in a mode of back slope backfilling, and the slope of the backfilled slope is 3-5%.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method adopts multiple water retention measures to improve the water retention of the soil in the planting holes of the hilly land and increase the water supply demand of plants, and is particularly suitable for being used in arid and rainless areas; use and to educate the forest plate and replace ordinary cofferdam, can reduce and plant the earthing up cost, educate the forest plate simultaneously and have the effect that the rainfall is detained and the soil moisture is kept, reduces mountain run-off, prevents soil erosion and water loss.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a key process of the method for planting landscaping in hilly lands;
FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a planting hole of the hillside land greening planting method of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a plan view of a planting hole of the method for greening and planting hilly lands.
Detailed Description
The technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for planting landscaping on a hilly land, including the following steps:
(1) land preparation and hole digging: reverse slope hole soil preparation is carried out on the planting land, soil can be improved through the soil preparation, and good conditions are provided for planting of the nursery stocks; meanwhile, during soil preparation, surface soil and gravels are placed on the reverse slope side of the planting hole, inner soil is placed on the outer side of the planting hole, and the planting hole needs to be dug in advance 1-3 months before seedling planting. Therefore, the soil in the planting hole can be irradiated by sunlight, and the soil is weathered and pupas in the soil are removed after a period of time, so that the survival rate of the nursery stock is improved.
(2) And (3) nursery stock treatment: and (4) treating the bare-root nursery stock, wherein in order to improve the survival rate of the nursery stock, after the nursery stock is lifted, the water in the bare-root nursery stock can be effectively kept after the nursery stock is dipped with the protective cement paste. Treating the nursery stocks of the soil balls, watering the nursery stocks to be dug thoroughly 2-3 days in advance, wrapping the nursery stocks of the soil balls with a plastic film after seedling lifting, trimming branches and leaves, reserving first-level growing side branches, forming the soil balls when seedling lifting is facilitated by watering, enabling the soil balls to contain enough water, and trimming the branches and leaves to reduce transpiration and reduce water loss of the nursery stocks of the soil balls before planting;
(3) planting the nursery stock: before bare-root nursery stocks are planted and soil ball nursery stocks are placed in planting holes, the water storage disc 4 is placed at the bottommost layer of the planting holes, the water storage disc 4 is a commercially available hole disc, a hole groove structure for storing water is arranged on the water storage disc, a certain amount of natural infiltration rainwater can be retained and stored through the hole groove on the water storage disc 4, and water required by plant growth can be provided when the plants need water.
After the water storage disc 4 is placed in the planting hole, an organic fertilizer 3 with the thickness of 2-3 cm is scattered at the bottom of the planting hole, the organic fertilizer 3 can be farmyard manure or vinasse fertilizer, the organic fertilizer 3 can provide nutrients for seedling growth, and the seedling growth rate is improved.
After the bare-root nursery stocks are planted and the soil ball nursery stocks are placed in the planting holes, the formula soil 2 is backfilled, and the formula soil 2 can reduce the volatilization and infiltration of water and effectively keep the water in the soil. In the process of backfilling the formula soil 2, the forest cultivation plate 1 is arranged at the downhill position of the planting hole, an arc is formed by enclosing along the contour of the planting hole, and the height of the forest cultivation plate 1 exposed out of the soil is kept to be not less than 15 cm; the forest cultivation plate 1 has the function of serving as an earth cofferdam in slope mountain greening, reduces planting and ridging cost, can prevent water and soil loss near the planting holes in rainy season and can keep certain rainwater in the planting holes to seep into soil.
In the seedling planting, the difference between the soil ball seedling planting and the bare-root seedling planting is as follows: the bare-root nursery stock is not wrapped by soil like a soil ball nursery stock, so that in order to ensure that the soil is fully contacted with the bare-root nursery stock, the bare-root nursery stock is lifted after the soil with the height of about 5cm is backfilled in the lower layer of formula soil 2, so that the bare-root nursery stock can be fully contacted with the formula soil 2.
When soil preparation and hole digging are carried out, tree holes are arranged in a plum blossom shape or a delta shape, the length, width and height of the tree holes are 60 multiplied by 60cm, and the planting density is 110 plants/mu. Therefore, the land resource can be effectively utilized, and the growth of the nursery stock is facilitated.
In bare-rooted seedling treatment, before the seedling root system is dipped with the water-retaining cement paste, a slurry dipping pool needs to be excavated in place 2-3 hours in advance for preparing the water-retaining cement paste and after the bare-rooted seedling is lifted, the water-retaining cement paste is dipped. After the slurry dipping pool is excavated, water is filled into the slurry dipping pool, a small amount of sandy loam is placed into the slurry dipping pool and stirred, slurry formed by stirring is used as a wall protecting film of the slurry dipping pool, then common water is allowed to infiltrate for a period of time, and the soil around the pit is ensured to have higher soil water content, so that the infiltration loss of the later-period slurry formula is reduced.
The water-retaining slurry is prepared by diluting a mixed solution obtained by mixing 100g/L of water-retaining agent solution and 100mg/LABT rooting powder solution with stirring into 10 times, and then stirring and mixing with soil. Before the cement slurry is put into the slurry dipping pool, the redundant slurry is discharged to enable the soil to be pasty, and the higher consistency is kept, so that the slurry can be better wrapped on the root system of the bare-rooted seedlings.
In the seedling planting process, the planting time is selected to plant the fallen leaves before the leaves of the seedlings are spread in the weather of over 5 ℃ in winter, so that the vigorous growing season of plants can be avoided, the excessive competition of the growth of the seedlings is avoided, and the survival rate of the seedlings is improved.
After planting in order to let water storage disk 4 can be effectual for a long time impounds, consequently before placing water storage disk 4, with plastic film 5 parcel in water storage disk 4 upper surface, can avoid water storage disk 4 to damage and lead to the retaining function to reduce through plastic film 5. The reservoir tray 4 is preferably 40 x 40cm in size and the plastic film is preferably 50 x 50cm in size. Because the ground diameter of the common nursery stock is less than 5cm, the size of the water storage disc 4 is equal to the size of the nursery stock root system, land resources are reasonably utilized, and waste is avoided.
The invention provides another water storage measure: have placed water-retaining bottle 6 with the nursery stock periphery, fill water and water-retaining bottle 6 top with water-retaining bottle 6 with external communicating, water-retaining bottle 6 can exert the effect of similar rooting water like this, can keep the moisture supply of a period of time, water-retaining bottle 6 is located planting hole uphill direction simultaneously to the top surface height is less than nursery stock root system bottommost, makes water-retaining bottle 6 the back of spilling over can be to sloping diffusion like this, does benefit to the nursery stock root system and absorbs moisture.
Furtherly, opening the osculum on the bottle lid of water-retaining bottle 6 to be equipped with water guide line 7 in the water-retaining bottle 6, water guide line 7 extends to near nursery stock root system through the osculum on the bottle lid, can let water guide line 7 slowly leading-in to soil in with water-retaining bottle 6 through capillary action like this, makes things convenient for the nursery stock root system to absorb moisture more.
The shape of the forest cultivation plate 1 used in seedling planting is preferably rectangular, the size is preferably 120 multiplied by 30cm, the shape just can surround the planting holes of the forest cultivation plate 1, excessive support and waste of materials are avoided, the material of the forest cultivation plate 1 is degradable, degradation can be achieved under the natural state, and the phenomenon that the forest cultivation plate is discarded to pollute the environment is avoided.
The formula soil 2 in seedling planting is prepared from natural soil and a water-retaining agent in a volume ratio of 2-4: 1 and the water-retaining agent is starch grafted acrylate. The starch grafted acrylate is a high polymer material, has good water absorption and water retention, and the formula soil 2 prepared by the starch grafted acrylate can effectively absorb and retain water.
The mode of formula soil 2 backfilling in the seedling planting process adopts reverse slope backfilling, the slope after backfilling is controlled to be 3-5%, rainwater can be seeped at an upslope position preferentially when flowing down along the reverse slope, and redundant rainwater can partially seep into the water-retaining bottle 6, so that the water-retaining bottle 6 can continuously exert the effect.
After the seedling planting is finished, the upper part of the backfilled formula soil 2 is covered by the covering film 8, so that the downward-seeping rainwater can be kept favorably, the natural evaporation of water in the formula soil 2 is reduced, and the soil moisture can be effectively preserved.
By adopting the method for greening and planting the hillside land, taking 2-year-old idesia polycarpa maxim with the height of 1.5m as an example for a bare-root nursery stock, sampling investigation is carried out after one year of planting and the planting is compared with 2-year-old idesia polycarpa maxim planted in a common mountain land, and the obtained data is recorded in a table 1 by analyzing and comparing the survival rate of the nursery stock, the ground diameter growth amount and the high growth amount after one year of planting. As can be seen from Table 1, the survival rate of the seedlings, the ground growth rate and the high growth rate after planting for one year are all remarkably improved, the survival rate of the seedlings is increased from about 45.5% to about 99%, the average value of the ground growth rate after planting for one year is increased from 0.3cm to 0.8cm, and the average value of the high growth rate after planting for one year is increased from 55cm to 124 cm.
TABLE 1
By adopting the method for greening and planting the hillside fields, taking the platycladoria platycladusifolia (L.) Franco seedlings with the seedling height of 1.5m as an example, the seedlings with the soil balls are sampled and investigated after one year of planting and compared with the seedlings with the soil balls planted in the common mountainous regions with the same 1.5m, the survival rate of the seedlings, the growth amount of the ground diameter after one year of planting and the high growth amount are analyzed and compared, and the obtained data are recorded in the table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the survival rate of the seedlings, the ground growth rate and the high growth rate after planting for one year are all remarkably improved, the survival rate of the seedlings is increased from about 41.3 percent to about 97.8 percent, the average value of the ground growth rate after planting for one year is increased from 0.2cm to 0.4cm, and the average value of the high growth rate after planting for one year is increased from 35cm to 65 cm.
TABLE 2
Claims (10)
1. A hillside land greening planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1 digging holes on land: carrying out reverse slope cave-shaped land preparation on the planting land, simultaneously placing surface soil and gravels on the reverse slope side of the planting hole, and placing inner soil on the outer side of the planting hole;
s2, processing the nursery stock, namely, irrigating the nursery stock to be dug thoroughly for 2-3 days, then, digging, pruning branches and leaves of the nursery stock after digging, and reserving primary and secondary growing side branches;
s3 seedling planting, namely planting seedlings 50-70 days after the planting holes are dug, cleaning sundries in the planting holes before planting, placing a water storage disc on the bottommost layer of the planting holes, and then scattering organic fertilizer (3) with the thickness of 2-3 cm on the planting holes; placing the prepared nursery stock on a water storage disc (4) and righting, backfilling the formula soil (2) layer by layer, installing the forest cultivation plate (1) at the downhill position of the planting hole while backfilling the formula soil (2), enclosing into an arc shape along the contour of the planting hole, and keeping the height of the forest cultivation plate (1) exposed out of the soil to be not less than 15 cm.
2. The method for planting landscaping in a hilly land according to claim 1, wherein the seedlings planted in the method for planting landscaping in a hilly land are bare-rooted seedlings.
3. The method for planting landscaping in a hilly land according to claim 1, wherein the seedlings planted in the method for planting landscaping in a hilly land are soil ball seedlings.
4. The method for planting landscaping in a hilly land according to claim 1, wherein the soil preparation holes are arranged in a quincunx or delta shape, the length, width and height of the tree hole are 60 x 60cm, and the planting density is 110 plants/mu.
5. The hillside land greening planting method of claim 2, wherein in the step S2, the water-retaining slurry that is needed to be dipped in the seedling root system of the bare-root seedling after seedling lifting is prepared by the following steps: mixing 100g/L water-retaining agent solution and 100mg/LABT rooting powder solution under stirring, diluting the obtained mixed solution to 10 times, and mixing with soil under stirring.
6. A hillside land greening planting method as claimed in claim 5, wherein in the step S2, a slurry dipping pool is dug on site for preparing water-retaining slurry and carrying out slurry dipping treatment on bare-rooted seedlings after seedling raising, and the slurry dipping treatment can be carried out on the seedling roots 2-3 hours after the slurry dipping pool is dug.
7. A method for afforesting and planting a hilly land according to claim 1, wherein the water storage tray (4) is provided with a plastic film (5) covering the surface thereof.
8. The hillside land greening planting method according to claim 1, wherein in the seedling planting, after the seedling is placed in the planting hole, a water retaining bottle (6) is placed on the periphery of the seedling, the water retaining bottle (6) is located in the upward slope direction of the planting hole, and the top surface is lower than the bottommost part of the root system of the seedling.
9. The hillside land greening planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the formula soil (2) is prepared from natural soil and water-retaining agent according to a volume ratio of 2-4: 1, and the water-retaining agent is starch grafted acrylate.
10. The hillside land greening planting method according to claim 1, wherein during seedling planting, the formula soil (2) is backfilled in a mode of reverse slope backfilling, and the slope of a released slope after backfilling is 3-5%.
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| CN114946578A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-08-30 | 安徽科技学院 | Mountain area seedling planting method |
| CN115581182A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2023-01-10 | 北京城建北方生态环境科技有限公司 | Method for planting nursery stock in mountain and bare rock |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114946578A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-08-30 | 安徽科技学院 | Mountain area seedling planting method |
| CN115581182A (en) * | 2022-09-14 | 2023-01-10 | 北京城建北方生态环境科技有限公司 | Method for planting nursery stock in mountain and bare rock |
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