CN113620383A - Plant bionic solar distiller - Google Patents
Plant bionic solar distiller Download PDFInfo
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- CN113620383A CN113620383A CN202111003055.4A CN202111003055A CN113620383A CN 113620383 A CN113620383 A CN 113620383A CN 202111003055 A CN202111003055 A CN 202111003055A CN 113620383 A CN113620383 A CN 113620383A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/447—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by membrane distillation
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
- E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
- E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
- E03B3/06—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from underground
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
- C02F2201/009—Apparatus with independent power supply, e.g. solar cells, windpower, fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/124—Water desalination
- Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
- Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
- Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
- Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation
Abstract
The invention discloses a plant bionic solar distiller, and belongs to the technical field of solar heat utilization and water treatment. The device mainly comprises a bionic hydrophilic root, a bionic stem, a bionic petiole, a bionic vein and a bionic blade. The bionic leaf refers to the physiological structure of the green plant leaf, and the internal structure of the bionic leaf comprises a light-transmitting plate, a heat-insulating grid, a heat absorbing plate, a hydrophilic fiber membrane, bionic veins, a distillation membrane, a condensation interlayer and a condensation plate. In the desalination process, sunlight passes through the light-transmitting plate, is absorbed by the heat absorbing plate and converted into heat energy, heats seawater in the hydrophilic fiber membrane, evaporated water vapor passes through the condensing plate below the distillation membrane and is condensed into fresh water, and the process refers to the transpiration effect of green plants. Meanwhile, the device simulates the water spitting phenomenon of plants by utilizing the water potential difference and the capillary force of the hydrophilic material, and avoids the accumulation of salt on the evaporation surface. The device has the characteristics of compact structure, simple and convenient operation and sustainable operation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of solar heat utilization and water treatment, and particularly relates to a plant bionic solar distiller.
Background
In the face of the increasingly severe shortage of fresh water and fossil energy, the production of fresh water by desalination of sea water using solar energy is a low-carbon and environment-friendly scheme. The interface solar seawater desalination technology concentrates solar heat on the gas-liquid surface, greatly improves the thermal response rate, reduces the heat loss in the heating process, and is considered as the seawater desalination technology with great prospect. However, in the evaporation process of the interfacial seawater desalination, the accumulation of salt can block the water delivery path and reduce the heat absorption rate of the evaporation surface, so that the design of a structure capable of efficiently supplying water and discharging salt is the key to improve the water production efficiency of the interfacial seawater desalination technology.
The green plants in nature can continuously dissipate water outwards through the transpiration to adjust the temperature of the leaves. The leaf is the main organ of plant transpiration, and the section structure of the leaf is as follows from top to bottom: the upper epidermis plays a role in light transmission and protection; the fence tissue plays a role in absorbing sunlight; sponge tissue for gas exchange and water transport; the lower epidermis contains pores for discharging water vapor generated by transpiration. Indeed, the multilayer composite structure of the blades has provided a natural and efficient solar distillation apparatus. In addition, when the soil has more water and the transpiration effect is weaker, the root pressure of the plant roots is formed, so that excessive water and inorganic salt flow out of a drainer at the leaf apex, and the water spitting phenomenon is formed.
The invention provides a plant bionic solar distiller which is high in absorptivity, low in heat loss and capable of automatically discharging salt, and is inspired by plants in the nature. The distiller can produce water with high efficiency by referring to the transpiration of plant leaves. The device has the two-dimensional water supply channel of imitative vein formula, through the water spitting phenomenon of simulation plant, outside the salinity eduction gear that produces when can be with the sea water distillation, the effectual adverse effect of having avoided the salinity accumulation to bring the desalination process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a plant bionic solar distiller which is designed by acquiring inspiration from the physiological structure of plants and respectively desalting sea water and discharging salt by referring to the transpiration and water spitting phenomena of the plants, and has the advantages of high photo-thermal conversion efficiency, small heat loss, simple operation, high water production efficiency and stable operation.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problem is as follows:
a plant bionic solar distiller is characterized in that the device mainly comprises: bionic hydrophilic roots, bionic stems, bionic petioles, bionic veins, bionic blades and a freshwater tank. The bionic hydrophilic root is placed in the seawater tank, and the bottom of the bionic hydrophilic root is radial so as to increase the water absorption area; the bionic stem is wound on the support rod, the upper end of the bionic stem is connected with the bionic hydrophilic root, and the lower end of the bionic stem is connected with the bionic blade; the bionic stem comprises a water conveying core and a bionic stem skin wrapped outside, and the bionic stem skin is made of a sealed and waterproof material; the bionic blade is characterized in that the upper end of the bionic blade is fixed on the bionic stem through the bionic blade handle, the lower end of the bionic blade is connected with a fresh water tank through a fresh water pipe, and the height of the blade tip of the bionic blade is lower than that of a sea water tank, so that a water potential difference is formed.
Furthermore, the bionic blade refers to a blade structure of a green plant, and the inner components of the bionic blade comprise bionic veins, a light-transmitting plate, a heat-insulating grid, a heat absorbing plate, a hydrophilic fiber membrane, a distillation membrane, a condensation interlayer and a condensation plate; the upper part of the heat insulation grid is hermetically connected with the light-transmitting plate, and the lower part of the heat insulation grid is hermetically connected with the heat absorbing plate; a hydrophilic fiber membrane is glued below the heat absorbing plate, a distillation membrane is arranged below the hydrophilic fiber membrane, and a closed condensation interlayer is arranged between the distillation membrane and the condensation plate; the edges of the bionic blades are sealed by side plates.
Furthermore, the bionic vein consists of a water delivery core, a support frame and a hydrophilic fiber tube, the bionic vein is embedded in the hydrophilic fiber membrane, and the bottom end of the bionic vein penetrates through the side plate to extend outwards.
Further, the light-transmitting plate is a flat plate with high light transmittance, and the structure refers to the upper epidermal cells of mesophyll cells.
Furthermore, the heat insulation grids are grid layers arranged in an array mode, static air is arranged inside the heat insulation grids, heat exchange loss between the device and the outside can be reduced, and the structure refers to a fence tissue of mesophyll cells.
Furthermore, the upper surface of the heat absorbing plate is of a nanoscale conical array structure, sunlight can be absorbed and converted into heat energy after being reflected for multiple times, and the structure refers to conical epidermal cells of plants such as beech and the like.
Further, the hydrophilic fiber membrane is a water-absorbing material with strong hydrophilicity, and the structure refers to the sponge tissue in mesophyll cells.
Furthermore, the distillation membrane is a hydrophobic air-discharging membrane which can only ventilate and can not pass water, and the structure refers to a lower epidermal cell with air holes in mesophyll cells.
The desalination process of the device of the invention refers to the transpiration of plant leaves, and the specific process is as follows: the sunlight passes through the light-transmitting plate, is absorbed by the heat-absorbing plate and is converted into heat energy, and the heat energy is conducted to the seawater in the hydrophilic fiber membrane below. The hydrophilic fiber membrane is used as an evaporation surface, seawater in the hydrophilic fiber membrane starts to evaporate after being heated, generated water vapor passes through the distillation membrane, is diffused into the condensation interlayer and is then condensed by the condensation plate, and condensed fresh water flows through the fresh water pipeline under the action of gravity and is finally collected in the fresh water tank.
The water delivery and drainage mode of the device refers to the water spitting phenomenon of plants, and the specific process is as follows: the seawater is absorbed by the bionic hydrophilic roots and then is conveyed to a water conveying core in the bionic stem, and the seawater is conveyed to the bionic veins under the action of water potential difference; under the action of capillary force, seawater in the bionic veins permeates through the hydrophilic fiber tubes and continuously diffuses to the hydrophilic fiber membranes at two sides, so that the hydrophilic fiber membranes are always kept in a wet state. Salt ions generated in the evaporation process are dissolved in water flow in the hydrophilic fiber membrane to form concentrated seawater, the concentrated seawater drops downwards from the extending section of the bionic vein and is discharged out of the device, and the accumulation of salt crystals on an evaporation surface is avoided.
The beneficial effects produced by the invention are as follows: (1) the device is in full passive operation in the seawater desalination process, and can realize stable and efficient water production only by solar drive.
(2) The water potential difference is utilized to form afflux flow on the evaporation surface, thereby avoiding the crystallization of salt on the evaporation surface and ensuring higher evaporation efficiency.
(3) The device has compact and light structure, and can carry out multistage installation on the desalination units in the blades so as to realize the repeated utilization of the latent heat of condensation of water vapor.
(4) The device not only can desalt seawater and sewage, but also can extract fresh water from moist soil and gravel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a bionic stem and a bionic petiole according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a bionic blade according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the microstructure of the absorber plate of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-stage arrangement of a bionic blade according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram of an embodiment of the outer structure of different biomimetic blades in the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of an embodiment of the present invention using a single biomimetic blade for desalination;
FIG. 8 is a diagram of an embodiment of the present invention in which the desalination plants are arranged in a suspended configuration;
fig. 9 is a diagram of an embodiment of the present invention applied to wet soil for desalinating water.
Wherein, 1-bionic hydrophilic root; 2-sea water tank; 3-bionic stems; 4-bionic petiole; 5-bionic vein; 6-bionic blades; 7-concentrated seawater droplets; 8-a fresh water pipe; 9-fresh water droplets; 10-a fresh water tank; 11-side plate; 12-a support bar; 13-a water delivery core; 14-bionic shoot epidermis; 15-a light-transmitting plate; 16-a thermally insulating grid; 17-a heat absorbing plate; 18-hydrophilic fibrous membranes; 19-distillation of membranes; 20-condensation interlayer; 21-a cold plate; 22-support frame 23-hydrophilic fiber tube; 24-wet soil.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples:
as shown in the attached figures 1 and 2, the invention provides a plant bionic solar distiller, which mainly comprises: the bionic leaf vein and stem bionic tree comprises a bionic hydrophilic root (1), a bionic stem (3), a bionic petiole (4), a bionic vein (5), a bionic leaf (6) and a fresh water tank (9). The bionic hydrophilic root (1) is placed in the seawater tank (2), and the bottom of the bionic hydrophilic root is radial to increase the water absorption area; the bionic stem (3) is wound on the support rod (12), the upper end of the bionic stem is connected with the bionic hydrophilic root (1), and the lower end of the bionic stem is connected with the bionic blade (6); the bionic stem (3) comprises a water conveying core (13) and a bionic stem skin (14) wrapped outside, and the bionic stem skin (14) is made of a sealed and waterproof flexible material; bionic blade (6) upper end is fixed in on bionic stem (3) through bionic petiole (4), and the lower extreme passes through fresh water pipe (8) to be connected with fresh water jar (10), and the apex department height of bionic blade (6) is less than the height of sea water tank (2) to this formation water potential difference.
As shown in the attached figure 3, the bionic blade (5) refers to a blade structure of a green plant, and the inner components of the bionic blade (5) comprise bionic veins (5), a light-transmitting plate (15), a heat-insulating grid (16), a heat-absorbing plate (17), a hydrophilic fiber membrane (18), a distillation membrane (19), a condensation interlayer (20) and a condensation plate (21); the upper part of the heat insulation grid (16) is hermetically connected with the light transmitting plate (15), and the lower part of the heat insulation grid is hermetically connected with the heat absorbing plate (17); a hydrophilic fiber membrane (18) is glued below the heat absorbing plate (17), and a distillation membrane (19) is arranged below the hydrophilic fiber membrane (18); a closed condensation interlayer (20) is arranged between the distillation membrane (19) and the condensation plate (21); the edges of the bionic blades are sealed by side plates (11).
Furthermore, the bionic vein (5) consists of a water conveying core (13), a supporting frame (22) and a hydrophilic fiber tube (23), the bionic vein is embedded in the hydrophilic fiber membrane (18), and the bottom end of the bionic vein penetrates through the side plate (11) and extends outwards.
Further, the light-transmitting plate (15) is a plate with high light transmittance, and the structure refers to the upper epidermis of mesophyll cells.
Furthermore, the heat insulation grid (16) is a grid layer arranged in an array, air is arranged inside the heat insulation grid, heat exchange loss between the device and the outside can be reduced, and the structure refers to the fence tissue of mesophyll cells.
Furthermore, as shown in fig. 4, the upper surface of the heat absorbing plate (17) is a nanoscale tapered array structure, which enables sunlight to be absorbed after multiple reflections, and the structure refers to conical epidermal cells of plants such as beech and the like.
Further, the hydrophilic fiber membrane (18) is a water-absorbing material with strong hydrophilicity, and the structure refers to the sponge tissue of mesophyll cells.
Further, the distillation membrane (19) is a hydrophobic air-discharging membrane which can only ventilate but can not lead water, and the structure refers to the lower epidermal cells with air-discharging holes in mesophyll cells.
The desalination process of the device of the invention refers to the transpiration of plant leaves, and the specific process is as follows: the sunlight passes through the light-transmitting plate (15), is absorbed by the heat-absorbing plate (17) and is converted into heat energy, and the heat energy is conducted to the seawater in the hydrophilic fiber membrane (18) below. The hydrophilic fiber membrane (18) is used as an evaporation surface, seawater in the hydrophilic fiber membrane starts to evaporate after being heated, generated water vapor passes through the distillation membrane (19), is diffused into the condensation interlayer (20), is condensed by the condensation plate (21), and condensed fresh water flows through the fresh water pipeline (8) under the action of gravity and is finally collected in the fresh water tank (10).
The water delivery and drainage mode of the device refers to the water spitting phenomenon of plants, and the specific process is as follows: the seawater is absorbed by the bionic hydrophilic root (1), then is conveyed to a water conveying core (13) in the bionic stem (3), and is conveyed to the bionic veins (5) under the action of water potential difference; by utilizing capillary suction, seawater in the bionic veins (5) continuously diffuses to the hydrophilic fiber membranes (18) at two sides, so that the hydrophilic fiber membranes (18) are always kept in a wet state, meanwhile, salt ions generated in the evaporation process are dissolved in water flow in the hydrophilic fiber membranes (18) to form concentrated seawater, and water drops (7) of the concentrated seawater drop downwards from the extending section of the bionic veins (5) and are discharged out of the device, so that the accumulation of salt crystals on an evaporation surface is avoided.
As shown in fig. 5, it is an embodiment diagram of a multi-stage arrangement of the desalination unit of the bionic blade. After the water vapor is condensed into fresh water by the condensing plate (21), the released latent heat is downwards conducted to seawater in the next-stage hydrophilic fiber membrane, and the utilization efficiency of solar energy and the yield of the fresh water are improved through gradual evaporation and condensation.
As shown in fig. 6, which is a diagram of an embodiment of bionic blades with different structures, the bionic veins (5) can be arranged in a parallel vein structure or a forked vein structure according to the shape of the bionic blades (6).
As shown in figure 7, the invention is a structural schematic diagram of only one bionic blade (6).
As shown in fig. 8, which is a drawing of an embodiment of the device for desalination by a hanging structure, in this embodiment, the tips of the bionic blades (6) on each side are connected by the same fresh water pipeline (8), and fresh water produced by a plurality of bionic blades is collected together into a fresh water tank (10) below.
Fig. 9 shows an embodiment of the device for desalinating water in wet soil according to the present invention, in which the bionic stem skin (14) is made of a sealed and waterproof rigid material to support the bionic blade (6). When the device is in operation, the bionic hydrophilic roots (11) absorb moisture from the wet soil (24), the moisture is conveyed to the hydrophilic fiber membrane (18) to be evaporated under the action of capillary force of the water conveying core (13), no strong brine is discharged in the evaporation process due to the fact that no water potential difference exists, and the bionic veins (5) do not need to extend out of the side plates (11).
Therefore, the description of the embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit the spirit and scope of the present invention, and any variations and modifications of the embodiments described herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A plant bionic solar distiller is characterized by mainly comprising a bionic hydrophilic root (1), a bionic stem (3), a bionic petiole (4), a bionic vein (5), a bionic blade (6) and a fresh water tank (9). The bionic hydrophilic root (1) is placed in the seawater tank (2), and the bottom of the bionic hydrophilic root is radial to increase the water absorption area; the bionic stem (3) is wound on the support rod (12), the upper end of the bionic stem is connected with the bionic hydrophilic root (1), and the lower end of the bionic stem is connected with the bionic blade (6); the bionic stem (3) comprises a water conveying core (13) and a bionic stem skin (14) wrapped outside, and the bionic stem skin (14) is made of a sealed and waterproof material; bionic blade (6) upper end is fixed in on bionic stem (3) through bionic petiole (4), and the lower extreme passes through fresh water pipe (8) to be connected with fresh water jar (10), and the apex department height of bionic blade (6) is less than the height of sea water tank (2) to this formation water potential difference.
2. The plant bionic solar still according to claim 1, characterized in that the bionic blades (5) refer to the blade structure of green plants, and the internal components thereof comprise bionic veins (5), a light-transmitting plate (15), a heat-insulating grid (16), a heat-absorbing plate (17), a hydrophilic fiber membrane (18), a distillation membrane (19), a condensation interlayer (20) and a condensation plate (21); the upper part of the heat insulation grid (16) is hermetically connected with the light transmitting plate (15), and the lower part of the heat insulation grid is hermetically connected with the heat absorbing plate (17); a hydrophilic fiber membrane (18) is glued below the heat absorbing plate (17), a distillation membrane (19) is arranged below the hydrophilic fiber membrane (18), and a closed condensation interlayer (20) is arranged between the distillation membrane (19) and the condensation plate (21); the edges of the bionic blades are sealed by side plates (11).
3. A plant bionic solar still according to claim 1, characterized in that said bionic veins (5) are composed of a water-conveying core (13), a supporting frame (22) and a hydrophilic fiber tube (23), the bionic veins are embedded in a hydrophilic fiber membrane (18), and the bottom end extends outwards through the side plate (11).
4. The plant bionic solar still as claimed in claim 2, wherein the upper surface of the heat absorbing plate (17) is in a nanoscale conical array structure, so that sunlight rays can be absorbed after being reflected for multiple times, and the sunlight absorption rate is improved.
5. The plant bionic solar still as claimed in claim 1, wherein the desalination process of the device refers to the transpiration of plant leaves, and the specific process is as follows: the sunlight passes through the light-transmitting plate (15), is absorbed by the heat-absorbing plate (17) and is converted into heat energy, and the heat energy is conducted to the seawater in the hydrophilic fiber membrane (18) below; the hydrophilic fiber membrane (18) is used as an evaporation surface, seawater in the hydrophilic fiber membrane starts to evaporate after being heated, generated water vapor passes through the distillation membrane (19), is diffused into the condensation interlayer (20), is condensed by the condensation plate (21), and condensed fresh water flows through the fresh water pipeline (8) under the action of gravity and is finally collected in the fresh water tank (10).
6. The plant bionic solar still according to claim 1, wherein the water delivering and draining mode of the device refers to the water spitting phenomenon of plants, and the specific process is as follows: the seawater is absorbed by the bionic hydrophilic root (1), then is conveyed to a water conveying core (13) in the bionic stem (3), and is conveyed to the bionic veins (5) under the action of water potential difference; through utilizing capillary suction, the sea water in bionical vein (5) permeates through hydrophilic fiber pipe (23), constantly diffuses to hydrophilic fibrous membrane (18) on both sides, make hydrophilic fibrous membrane (18) remain the moist state throughout, the rivers that the salt ion that the while evaporation process produced dissolved in hydrophilic fibrous membrane (18) form concentrated sea water, concentrated sea water droplet (7) are followed the section of stretching out of bionical vein (5) and are dropped downwards, by outside the device of being discharged, the accumulation of salt crystal at the evaporation surface has been avoided.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114249374A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-03-29 | 海南大学 | Plant bionic high-concentration-salt-resistant solar evaporation device and preparation method and application thereof |
| CN115448403A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-12-09 | 西安交通大学 | Multistage solar water evaporation and collection device and method for photo-thermal/evaporation interface separation |
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