CN111466192A - Efficient fertilization method for corn and soybean crop rotation in northeast region - Google Patents
Efficient fertilization method for corn and soybean crop rotation in northeast region Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05C—NITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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Abstract
The invention discloses a wide-platform large-ridge corn and soybean crop rotation efficient fertilization method in northeast, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: s1, planting corns in a wide-stand large-ridge double-row mode, sowing seeds and fertilizers at the same time, wherein the sowing depth is 3-5cm after rolling, and the fertilizer is applied to a base fertilizer at one time; the fertilizing amount of the corn special fertilizer per hectare is 500-600 kg; s2, harvesting corns, then crushing straws, deeply ploughing the straws and the matched urea to a soil layer of 25-30cm, raking and leveling according to soil moisture, raising a wide table and a large ridge, deeply applying soybean base fertilizer, and timely compacting; s3, planting soybeans in the next year, planting 3-4 rows of soybeans by using a precision dibbler, applying seeds and fertilizers at the same time, and sowing the seeds to a depth of 3-5cm after the seeds are pressed; the application amount of the soybean special fertilizer per hectare is 200-300 kg; s4, after the soybeans are harvested, ridge shapes are unchanged, and a no-tillage planter is adopted for planting corns in the next year; and S5, repeating S1 to S4. The fertilizing method can improve the utilization efficiency of the fertilizer, reduce the using amount of the fertilizer and increase the total crop yield in the rotation year.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of planting, in particular to a high-efficiency fertilization method for corn and soybean crop rotation in northeast China.
Background
At present, the contradiction between the supply and demand of soybean and corn is more prominent, and the direct reason is that the planting structure and the market demand are asynchronous, and the essence lies in that the planting benefit promotes the corn planting area to be rapidly increased in the last years. The procurement price of corn is adjusted in 2016, and the supply and demand are regulated and regulated by an economic lever, so that the corn is reasonable. The Heilongjiang province is the main production area of soybeans in China, and the rotation of soybeans and corns is the main rotation mode for realizing the maximization of the planting benefit of dry fields at present.
The northeast area is an important base for soybean production in China, the total soybean yield accounts for more than 40% of the whole country, and the method plays a significant role in soybean production and demand in China. In 2017, the imported amount of Chinese soybeans reaches 9553 million tons, the yield gap of soybeans is very serious, and the soybeans are imported from countries such as the United states, Brazil or Russia at present in a very large gap. The country clearly requires increasing the soybean planting area, but the corn and soybean crop rotation is an effective and feasible scheme, the fertilizer and pesticide consumption is reduced, a soil utilization mode combining use and culture is established, and the agricultural sustainable development and the grain safety are promoted.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for high-efficiency crop rotation of wide-platform large-ridge corns and soybeans in the northeast region. The method improves the drought resistance and soil moisture conservation capability of the soil, constructs reasonable and uniform groups, coordinates the morphological construction of the groups, improves the lodging resistance and disaster resistance of the soybeans, and has the advantages that the temperature of the ridge body is favorable for the growth of the soybeans.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a high-efficiency fertilization method for corn and soybean crop rotation in northeast regions comprises the following steps:
s1, planting corns in a wide-stand large-ridge double-row mode, wherein the row spacing is 40cm, sowing and fertilizing are carried out simultaneously, the sowing depth is 3-5cm after pressing, the fertilizer is applied to a base fertilizer at one time, and the fertilizing position is 8cm on the corn seed side and 8-10cm deep; the fertilizing amount of the corn special fertilizer per hectare is 500-600 kg;
s2, harvesting corns, then crushing straws, deeply ploughing the straws and the matched urea to a soil layer of 25-30cm, raking and leveling according to soil moisture, raising a wide table and a large ridge, deeply applying soybean base fertilizer, and timely compacting;
s3, planting soybeans in the next year, performing top-rake compaction, planting 3-4 rows of soybeans on a large ridge by using a precision dibbler, applying seeds and fertilizers simultaneously, and sowing the soybeans with the depth of 3-5cm after compaction; the application amount of the soybean special fertilizer per hectare is 200-300 kg;
s4, after the soybeans are harvested, ridge shapes are unchanged, the next year is under the action of soil moisture, top-dressing and rolling, and a no-tillage planter is adopted to plant the corns;
and S5, repeating S1 to S4.
Furthermore, the wide-platform large ridges mean ridges with a ridge distance of 110cm, a ridge surface width of 65-70cm and a ridge height of 18-20 cm.
Further, the corn special fertilizer for each hectare comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of base fertilizer A, 50-70 parts of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, 40-60 parts of common nitrogen fertilizer, 50-70 parts of common phosphate fertilizer and 40-60 parts of common potassium fertilizer.
Further, the base fertilizer A comprises, by weight, 60-80 parts of human and animal decomposed manure, 20-30 parts of biochar, 10-20 parts of fly ash, 10-20 parts of corncobs, 10-20 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 5-10 parts of melatonin and 5-10 parts of humic acid.
Further, the amount of urea to be applied was determined based on 1% of the amount of corn stover.
Furthermore, the corn stalk amount is 190% of the weight (standard water content) of the corn kernel by 120-.
Further, the ridging deep base fertilizer application means that the base fertilizer application position is 5cm on the soybean seed position side, the base fertilizer application position is 15-19cm deep, and the application amount accounts for 2/3 of the total fertilizer amount.
Furthermore, the large ridges for planting 3-4 rows of soybeans comprise 3 rows on the ridges, the row spacing is 22.5-25cm, the middle row is thicker than the side rows by 1/4-1/3, the seed fertilizer is applied to the positions 5-7cm below the seeds, the fertilizing amount accounts for 1/3 of the total fertilizer amount, and the fertilizing amount is 200-250 kg; the space between 1-2 and 3-4 rows on the ridge is 10-12cm, the space between 2-3 rows is 24cm, the base fertilizer is applied between 1 row and 4 rows on the ridge, the seed fertilizer is applied between 2-3 rows, the seed fertilizer is applied under the ridge for 5-7cm, the fertilizing amount accounts for 1/3 of the total fertilizer amount, and the fertilizing amount is 250-300 kg.
Furthermore, the special fertilizer for soybean comprises 20-30 parts of base fertilizer B, 20-40 parts of sustained and controlled release nitrogen fertilizer, 20-40 parts of common nitrogen fertilizer, 50-70 parts of common phosphate fertilizer and 35-55 parts of common potassium fertilizer by weight.
Further, the base fertilizer B comprises, by weight, 60-80 parts of human and animal decomposed manure, 20-30 parts of biochar, 10-20 parts of fly ash, 10-20 parts of corncobs, 5-10 parts of melatonin, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5-7 parts of sodium selenite, 5-7 parts of calcium fertilizer, 5-10 parts of boron fertilizer and 3-5 parts of copper fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
according to the invention, a reasonable group structure is constructed by a wide-platform large-ridge corn and soybean rotation efficient fertilization method in northeast, the stress resistance of an individual is increased, the utilization rate of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is effectively improved, the annual chemical fertilizer usage amount of rotation is reduced, the fertilization cost is greatly reduced, the crop yield is improved, and the economic benefit of farmers is correspondingly improved. Compared with the conventional cultivation mode, the average yield increase of the corn and the soybean cultivated by the method is respectively 9.14 percent and 6.46 percent, the annual utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is respectively increased by 6.48 percent, 5.76 percent and 6.17 percent, and the annual use amount of chemical fertilizers is reduced by 50kg-150 kg.hm-2. Meanwhile, the method is simple to operate and meets the requirement of large-area popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the fertilization positions of a wide-platform large-ridge corn in the northeast region provided by examples 1, 2, 3 and 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the 3 rows fertilizing positions for broad-stand large-ridge soybeans provided in examples 1 and 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of 4 rows of fertilization locations for broad-stand large-ridge soybeans provided in examples 2 and 4 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 shows corn yields from Jiushan farm of Jiu-san company, Heilongjiang province, in northeast region of broad-platform large-ridge cultivation and conventional cultivation mode, according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the soybean yields from Jiushan farm of Jiufangshan company, Jiu-san Jiangxiang province, in Heilongjiang province, under the broad-table large-ridge cultivation and conventional cultivation mode in the northeast region according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows the corn yield from the friendship farm of Honghong Xinglong branch of Heilongjiang province in the northeast region under the broad-terrace large-ridge cultivation and conventional cultivation mode provided in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 shows the friendship farm soybean yield of Honghong branch of Heilongjiang province in Heilongjiang province under the broad-terrace large-ridge cultivation and conventional cultivation mode in the northeast of the present invention example 2;
FIG. 8 shows the maize yields (3 rows of soybean) in Hurenbel City of inner Mongolia autonomous region under the broad-platform large-ridge cultivation and conventional cultivation mode in the northeast of the present invention example 3;
FIG. 9 shows the yield of soybeans in ancient Herenbel city of inner Mongolian autonomous region under the broad-terrace large ridge cultivation and conventional cultivation mode in the northeast of China (soybean 3 rows) provided by example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 shows corn yields (soybean 4 rows) in Hurenbel City, inner Mongolia autonomous region, in the wide-platform large-ridge cultivation and conventional cultivation mode in the northeast of the present invention example 4;
FIG. 11 shows the yield of soybeans in ancient Herenbel city of inner Mongolian autonomous region under the broad-terrace large ridge cultivation and conventional cultivation mode in the northeast region of the present invention example 4 (soybean line 4).
Detailed Description
Example 1:
this example was carried out in 2016 on a Jieshan farm, a company of nine thirds of the world, Heilongjiang province, and was carried out using the following steps:
s1, planting corns in a wide-stand large-ridge double-row mode, wherein the row spacing is 40cm, sowing and fertilizing are carried out simultaneously, the sowing depth is 3-5cm after pressing, the fertilizer is applied to the base fertilizer at one time, and the depth of 8cm on the ridge side is 8-10cm, as shown in figure 1; the fertilizing amount of the corn special fertilizer per hectare is 510kg, the wide-platform large ridges are ridges with a ridge distance of 110cm, the ridge surface width of 65-70cm and the ridge height of 18-20 cm; the corn special fertilizer for each hectare comprises the following components in parts by weight: 33 parts of base fertilizer A, 55 parts of sustained-release nitrogen fertilizer, 44 parts of common nitrogen fertilizer, 56 parts of common phosphate fertilizer and 45 parts of common potash fertilizer; the base fertilizer A comprises 63 parts of human and animal decomposed manure, 24 parts of biological carbon, 12 parts of fly ash, 13 parts of corncobs, 12 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 7 parts of melatonin and 6 parts of humic acid in parts by weight.
S2, harvesting corns, then crushing straws, deeply ploughing the straws and the matched urea to a soil layer of 25-30cm, raking and leveling according to soil moisture, raising a wide table and a large ridge, deeply applying soybean base fertilizer, and timely compacting; the amount of the corn straws is 36 t.hm-20.36 t.hm of urea is prepared-2(ii) a The ridging deep base fertilizer application means that the base fertilizer application position is 5cm and 15-19cm deep at the soybean seed position side, and the fertilizing amount accounts for 2/3 of the total fertilizer amount.
S3, planting soybeans in the next year, performing top-row thinning and pressing, planting 3 rows of soybeans on a large ridge by using a precision dibbler, simultaneously applying seeds and fertilizers, and sowing the soybeans at a depth of 3-5cm after pressing, wherein the depth is shown in figure 2; the application amount of the soybean special fertilizer per hectare is 230 kg; 3 rows of soybeans are planted on the large ridges, the row spacing is 22.5-25cm, the density of the middle row is reduced to 1/4-1/3 compared with that of the side rows, seed fertilizers are applied to the positions 5-7cm below the seeds, and the fertilizing amount accounts for 1/3 of the total fertilizer amount; the special fertilizer for soybean comprises 23 parts by weight of base fertilizer B, 24 parts by weight of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, 26 parts by weight of common nitrogen fertilizer, 53 parts by weight of common phosphate fertilizer and 43 parts by weight of common potash fertilizer; the base fertilizer B comprises 68 parts of human and animal decomposed manure, 23 parts of biological carbon, 12 parts of fly ash, 13 parts of corncobs, 6 parts of melatonin, 6 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of ammonium molybdate, 6 parts of sodium selenite, 5 parts of calcium fertilizer, 6 parts of boron fertilizer and 3 parts of copper fertilizer in parts by weight.
S4, after the soybeans are harvested, ridge shapes are unchanged, the next year is under the action of soil moisture, top-dressing and rolling, and a no-tillage planter is adopted to plant the corns;
and S5, repeating S1 to S4.
Example 2
This example is given inIn 2016, the present embodiment was carried out on a friendship farm, hong xinglong division, Heilongjiang province, and is different from embodiment 1 in that: the fertilizing amount of the corn special fertilizer in the step S1 is 580 kg; the corn special fertilizer for each hectare comprises the following components in parts by weight: 38 parts of base fertilizer A, 68 parts of sustained and controlled release nitrogen fertilizer, 56 parts of common nitrogen fertilizer, 68 parts of common phosphate fertilizer and 57 parts of common potash fertilizer; the base fertilizer A comprises 77 parts of decomposed human and animal manure, 28 parts of biological carbon, 17 parts of fly ash, 17 parts of corncobs, 18 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 10 parts of melatonin and 10 parts of humic acid in parts by weight. The corn stalk amount in the step S2 is 42 t.hm-20.42 t.hm of urea is prepared-2. Planting 4 rows of soybeans on the large ridges in the step S3, wherein the row spacing is 22.5-25cm, the density of the middle row is reduced to 1/4-1/3 compared with that of the side rows, the seed fertilizer is applied to the positions under the seeds by 5-7cm, the fertilizing amount accounts for 1/3 of the total fertilizer amount, and the application amount of the special soybean fertilizer per hectare is 270 kg; the special fertilizer for soybean comprises 29 parts by weight of base fertilizer B, 38 parts by weight of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, 37 parts by weight of common nitrogen fertilizer, 66 parts by weight of common phosphate fertilizer and 51 parts by weight of common potassium fertilizer; the base fertilizer B comprises 76 parts of human and animal decomposed manure, 26 parts of biological carbon, 19 parts of fly ash, 19 parts of corncobs, 10 parts of melatonin, 10 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of ammonium molybdate, 7 parts of sodium selenite, 7 parts of calcium fertilizer, 10 parts of boron fertilizer and 5 parts of copper fertilizer in parts by weight. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 3
This example was carried out in renbel city, municipality, monster, in 2016, and differs from example 1 in that: the fertilizing amount of the corn special fertilizer in the step S1 is 530kg, and the corn special fertilizer per hectare comprises the following components in parts by weight: 35 parts of base fertilizer A, 60 parts of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, 48 parts of common nitrogen fertilizer, 59 parts of common phosphate fertilizer and 50 parts of common potash fertilizer; the base fertilizer A comprises 66 parts of human and animal decomposed manure, 25 parts of biological carbon, 15 parts of fly ash, 15 parts of corncobs, 20 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 6 parts of melatonin and 7 parts of humic acid in parts by weight. The corn stalk amount in the step S2 is 39 t.hm-20.39 t.hm of urea is prepared-2. The application amount of the soybean special fertilizer per hectare in the step S3 is 230kg, and the soybean special fertilizer comprises, by weight, 25 parts of base fertilizer B, 26 parts of sustained and controlled release nitrogen fertilizer, 29 parts of common nitrogen fertilizer, 58 parts of common phosphate fertilizer and 36 parts of common potassium fertilizer; what is needed isThe base fertilizer B comprises 71 parts of decomposed human and animal excreta, 26 parts of biological carbon, 15 parts of fly ash, 18 parts of corncobs, 8 parts of melatonin, 8 parts of humic acid, 6 parts of ammonium molybdate, 6 parts of sodium selenite, 5 parts of calcium fertilizer, 5 parts of boron fertilizer and 3 parts of copper fertilizer in parts by weight. The rest is the same as in example 1.
Example 4
This example was carried out in renbel city, municipality, monster, in 2016, and differs from example 1 in that: the fertilizing amount of the corn special fertilizer in the step S1 is 590kg, and the corn special fertilizer per hectare comprises the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of base fertilizer A, 70 parts of sustained-release nitrogen fertilizer, 59 parts of common nitrogen fertilizer, 69 parts of common phosphate fertilizer and 59 parts of common potash fertilizer; the base fertilizer A comprises 78 parts of decomposed human and animal excreta, 29 parts of biological carbon, 19 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of corncobs, 20 parts of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 10 parts of melatonin and 10 parts of humic acid in parts by weight. The amount of corn stover in step S2 is about 44 t.hm-20.44 t.hm of urea is prepared-2. Planting 4 rows of soybeans on the large ridges in the step S3, wherein the row spacing is 22.5-25cm, the row spacing in the middle is 1/4-1/3 less than the row spacing at the edge, the seed fertilizer is applied under the seeds by 5-7cm, the fertilizing amount accounts for 1/3 of the total fertilizer amount, the application amount of the soybean special fertilizer per hectare is 290kg, and the soybean special fertilizer comprises 30 parts of base fertilizer B, 39 parts of sustained and controlled release nitrogen fertilizer, 39 parts of common nitrogen fertilizer, 68 parts of common phosphate fertilizer and 54 parts of common potassium fertilizer by weight; the base fertilizer B comprises 80 parts of human and animal decomposed manure, 30 parts of biological carbon, 20 parts of fly ash, 20 parts of corncobs, 10 parts of melatonin, 10 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of ammonium molybdate, 7 parts of sodium selenite, 7 parts of calcium fertilizer, 10 parts of boron fertilizer and 5 parts of copper fertilizer in parts by weight. The rest is the same as in example 1.
The embodiment 1-4 are repeatedly planted for three times, the corn and soybean crop rotation mode is adopted for 2 crop rotation periods in four years, a single planting mode is adopted, and the effect of the embodiment of the invention is as follows through practical planting verification:
example 1: in the verification experiment, the wide-platform large ridges are used for cultivating the corns and the soybeans, the drought resistance and soil moisture conservation capability of the soil are improved through the wide-platform large ridges, a reasonable group structure is constructed through three-dimensional intensive fertilization, the stress resistance capability is enhanced, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the fertilizer application amount is reduced, the fertilization cost is greatly reduced, the annual crop yield is improved, and the economic benefit of a grower is correspondingly improved. Compared with the conventional cultivation mode, after 2 crop rotation periods of four years, the yield increase of the corns and the soybeans cultivated by the method is 9.54 percent and 8.50 percent respectively, the yield of the corns and the soybeans is shown in figures 4 and 5, and the annual utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is increased by 5.53 percent, 4.05 percent and 5.88 percent respectively; the annual use amount of the chemical fertilizer is reduced by about 100kg-150 kg. Meanwhile, the method is simple to operate and meets the requirement of large-area popularization and application.
Example 2: compared with a conventional cultivation mode, the yield increase of the corns and the soybeans cultivated by the method is 8.01 percent and 5.35 percent respectively after the corns and the soybeans are cultivated for 2 crop rotation periods in four years, the yield of the corns and the soybeans cultivated by the method is shown in the figures 6 and 7, and the annual utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is increased by 5.66 percent, 6.02 percent and 5.24 percent respectively; the annual use amount of the chemical fertilizer is reduced by about 50kg-100 kg.
Example 3: compared with a conventional cultivation mode, the corn and the soybean are cultivated in a wide-platform large-ridge cultivation mode, the yield increase of 2 rows of corn and 3 rows of soybean is 10.67% and 6.72% respectively after the corn and the soybean are cultivated in four years for 2 crop rotation periods, the corn and the soybean are shown in figures 8 and 9, and the annual utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is increased by 7.04%, 6.20% and 6.37% respectively; the annual use amount of the chemical fertilizer is reduced by about 100kg-150 kg.
Example 4: compared with a conventional cultivation mode, the corn and the soybean are cultivated in a wide-platform large-ridge cultivation mode, the yield increase of 2 rows of corn and 4 rows of soybean is 8.32 percent and 5.27 percent respectively after the corn and the soybean are cultivated for four years for 2 crop rotation periods, the corn and the soybean are shown in figures 8 and 9, and the annual utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is increased by 7.69 percent, 6.78 percent and 7.17 percent respectively; the annual use amount of the chemical fertilizer is reduced by about 50kg-100 kg. Meanwhile, the method is simple to operate and meets the requirement of large-area popularization and application.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for high-efficiency crop rotation of wide-platform large-ridge corn and soybean in northeast regions is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, planting corns in a wide-stand large-ridge double-row mode, wherein the row spacing is 40cm, sowing and fertilizing are carried out simultaneously, the sowing depth is 3-5cm after pressing, the fertilizer is applied to the base fertilizer at one time, and the application position is 8cm on the corn seed side and 8-10cm in depth; the fertilizing amount of the corn special fertilizer per hectare is 500-600 kg;
s2, harvesting corns, then crushing straws, deeply ploughing the straws and the matched urea to a soil layer of 25-30cm, raking and leveling according to soil moisture, raising a wide table and a large ridge, deeply applying soybean base fertilizer, and timely compacting;
s3, planting soybeans in the next year, performing top-rake compaction, planting 3-4 rows of soybeans on a large ridge by using a precision dibbler, applying seeds and fertilizers simultaneously, and sowing the soybeans with the depth of 3-5cm after compaction; the application amount of the soybean special fertilizer per hectare is 200-300 kg;
s4, after the soybeans are harvested, ridge shapes are unchanged, the next year is under the action of soil moisture, top-dressing and rolling, and a no-tillage planter is adopted to plant the corns;
and S5, repeating S1 to S4.
2. The efficient corn and soybean rotation fertilizing method in the northeast region of claim 1, wherein the wide-platform large ridges refer to ridges with a ridge distance of 110cm, a ridge surface width of 65-70cm and a ridge height of 18-20 cm.
3. The efficient fertilization method for corn and soybean rotation in the northeast region of claim 1, wherein the fertilizer special for corn per hectare comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of base fertilizer A, 50-70 parts of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer, 40-60 parts of common nitrogen fertilizer, 50-70 parts of common phosphate fertilizer and 40-60 parts of common potassium fertilizer.
4. The efficient fertilizing method for corn and soybean rotation in northeast region of claim 3, wherein the base fertilizer A comprises 60-80 parts by weight of human and animal manure, 20-30 parts by weight of biochar, 10-20 parts by weight of fly ash, 10-20 parts by weight of corncob, 10-20 parts by weight of zinc sulfate monohydrate, 5-10 parts by weight of melatonin and 5-10 parts by weight of humic acid.
5. The method for fertilizing maize and soybean in turn at the northeast of claim 1, wherein the amount of urea is determined according to 1% of the maize straw.
6. The efficient fertilization method for corn and soybean rotation in the northeast region of claim 5, wherein the corn stalk amount is 190% of the corn kernel weight (standard moisture content).
7. The efficient fertilizing method for corn and soybean rotation in northeast of the areas as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ridging deep base fertilizer application means that the base fertilizer application position is 5cm and 15-19cm deep from the soybean seed position side, and the amount of fertilizer application accounts for 2/3 of the total fertilizer amount.
8. The efficient fertilization method for corn and soybean rotation in the northeast region as claimed in claim 1, wherein the large ridge planting 3-4 rows of soybeans comprises 3 rows on the ridge, the row spacing is 22.5-25cm, the density of the middle row is reduced from that of the side row 1/4-1/3, the seed fertilizer is applied under the seed by 5-7cm, the fertilization amount accounts for 1/3 of the total fertilizer amount, and the fertilization amount is 200-; the space between 1-2 and 3-4 rows on the ridge is 10-12cm, the space between 2-3 rows is 24cm, the base fertilizer is applied between 1 row and 4 rows on the ridge and between 2-3 rows, the seed fertilizer is applied under the ridge for 5-7cm, the fertilizing amount accounts for 1/3 of the total fertilizer amount, and the fertilizing amount is 250-300 kg.
9. The efficient fertilization method for corn and soybean rotation in northeast of claim 1, wherein the special fertilizer for soybean comprises, by weight, 20-30 parts of base fertilizer B, 20-40 parts of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer, 20-40 parts of common nitrogen fertilizer, 50-70 parts of common phosphate fertilizer and 35-55 parts of common potassium fertilizer.
10. The efficient corn and soybean crop rotation fertilizing method in northeast of the China as claimed in claim 9, wherein the base fertilizer B comprises, by weight, 60-80 parts of human and animal manure, 20-30 parts of biological carbon, 10-20 parts of fly ash, 10-20 parts of corncob, 5-10 parts of melatonin, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of ammonium molybdate, 5-7 parts of sodium selenite, 5-7 parts of calcium fertilizer, 5-7 parts of boron fertilizer and 3-5 parts of copper fertilizer.
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| CN113615524A (en) * | 2021-09-18 | 2021-11-09 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所农业技术中心 | Soybean rotation planting method |
| CN114766163A (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2022-07-22 | 东北农业大学 | Efficient nitrogen application method for corn and soybean crop rotation |
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