CN113575011A - Farming and fertilizing method for soda saline-alkali soil based on agricultural and industrial wastes - Google Patents

Farming and fertilizing method for soda saline-alkali soil based on agricultural and industrial wastes Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113575011A
CN113575011A CN202110944774.XA CN202110944774A CN113575011A CN 113575011 A CN113575011 A CN 113575011A CN 202110944774 A CN202110944774 A CN 202110944774A CN 113575011 A CN113575011 A CN 113575011A
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China
Prior art keywords
soil
agricultural
parts
saline
alkali soil
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Application number
CN202110944774.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
程东娟
郭海刚
武海霞
王利书
石维
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Hebei Silicon Valley Chemical Co ltd
Hebei University of Engineering
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Hebei Silicon Valley Chemical Co ltd
Hebei University of Engineering
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Priority to CN202110944774.XA priority Critical patent/CN113575011A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C21/00Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
    • A01C21/005Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09CRECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09C1/00Reclamation of contaminated soil
    • B09C1/08Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a soda saline-alkali soil cultivation and fertilization method based on agricultural and industrial wastes, which comprises the following steps: s1, crushing the straws, mixing the crushed straws with a straw decomposition agent, and applying the mixture into a soil layer with a depth of 20-30 cm; s2, applying the industrial waste modifier into a soil layer with the depth of 0-20 cm, wherein the industrial waste modifier comprises the following uniformly mixed raw materials: organic silicon, humic acid, nitrate nitrogen, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, cane sugar, vinasse or furfural residues; s3, sowing when the soil moisture content is proper, and planting in shallow trenches or in furrows covered with films on ridges during sowing. The method fully utilizes agricultural wastes and industrial wastes to improve the soda saline soil, not only can improve the soil structure, increase the content of organic matters and trace elements in the soil, prevent saline groundwater from accumulating on the soil surface, but also provides breeding materials for microorganisms and improves the diversity and the content of the microorganisms in the saline-alkali soil.

Description

Farming and fertilizing method for soda saline-alkali soil based on agricultural and industrial wastes
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil improvement, in particular to a soda saline-alkali soil tillage fertilization method based on agricultural and industrial wastes.
Background
The main reason for the large salt content in saline-alkali soil is that salt in the underground water rises to the earth surface along with the underground water, water evaporates, and salt crops cannot completely absorb the salt, so that the salt is accumulated on the earth surface to form the saline-alkali soil.
At present, various solutions for treating saline-alkali soil, such as physical improvement, chemical improvement, water conservancy improvement, biological improvement and the like, have certain effects, but have the defects of high raw material cost and poor economical efficiency. The straw is used as agricultural waste, the vinasse is used as industrial waste of the wine brewing industry, the amount of the straw is large and concentrated, and the vinasse contains rich organic substances, proteins and various amino acids, so the straw-based bio-fertilizer is a good bio-fertilizer. If agricultural industrial wastes can be used as raw materials for treating saline-alkali soil, the utilization rate of the wastes can be fully improved, and the treatment cost of the saline-alkali soil is saved.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention designs a soda saline-alkali soil cultivation and fertilization method based on agricultural and industrial wastes, and the saline-alkali soil modifier prepared by improving the agricultural and industrial wastes is utilized, so that the cost is saved and the saline-alkali soil is improved.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the soda saline-alkali soil farming and fertilizing method based on agricultural and industrial wastes comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the straws, mixing the crushed straws with a straw decomposition agent, and applying the mixture into a soil layer with a depth of 20-30 cm;
s2, applying the industrial waste modifier into a soil layer with the depth of 0-20 cm, wherein the industrial waste modifier comprises the following uniformly mixed raw materials: organic silicon, humic acid, nitrate nitrogen, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, cane sugar, vinasse or furfural residues;
s3, sowing when the soil moisture content is proper, and planting in shallow trenches or in furrows covered with films on ridges during sowing.
Further, the industrial waste modifying agent comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-1 part of organic silicon, 2.5-5 parts of humic acid, 12 parts of nitrate nitrogen, 5.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5 parts of cane sugar and 500-600 parts of vinasse or furfural residues.
Further, the straws are straws of the last-season crops.
Furthermore, the organic silicon contains Si-O-Si bonds, a plurality of free silicon hydroxyl groups are arranged on Si, and the molecular weight is 300-500.
Further, the degree of straw breakage is 3-5 cm.
Further, after the industrial waste modifying agent is applied, water is poured, and the water level is kept at 5-8 cm.
Further, the application amount of each raw material per mu in the industrial waste modifying agent is as follows: 0.5-1 kg/mu of organic silicon, 2.5-5 kg/mu of humic acid, 12 kg/mu of nitrate nitrogen, 5.5 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, 2.5 kg/mu of cane sugar and 500-600 kg/mu of vinasse or furfural residues.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method fully utilizes agricultural wastes and industrial wastes to improve the soda saline soil, not only can improve the soil structure, increase the content of organic matters and trace elements in the soil, prevent saline groundwater from accumulating on the soil surface, but also provides breeding materials for microorganisms and improves the diversity and the content of the microorganisms in the saline-alkali soil.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples. It should be understood that these examples are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
In the following examples, the straws used were straws of corn crops in the last season, the distiller's grains were distiller's grains from Handan Confucian-made wine industry Co., Ltd, and the furfural residues were furfural residues from Yongnian-Handan-Yongchang-Furfural residue Co., Ltd.
Example 1
A soda saline-alkali soil farming and fertilizing method based on agricultural and industrial wastes comprises the following steps:
s1, crushing the straws, mixing the crushed straws with a straw decomposition agent, uniformly mixing, and applying a soil layer with a depth of 20-30 cm, wherein the crushing degree is 3-5 cm;
s2, applying the industrial waste modifier into a soil layer with the depth of 0-20 cm, wherein the industrial waste modifier comprises the following uniformly mixed raw materials: 0.5 part of organic silicon, 2.5 parts of humic acid, 12 parts of nitrate nitrogen, 5.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5 parts of cane sugar and 500 parts of vinasse;
irrigating the industrial waste modifier after applying the industrial waste modifier, and keeping the water level at 5-8 cm;
and S3, sowing when the soil moisture content is proper, and sowing in a shallow trench sowing mode during sowing.
The vinasse contains rich microbial communities, the metabolic action of the microbes can improve the soil hardening condition, and can degrade the vinasse and the straws, so that organic matters in the vinasse and the straws are absorbed by the soil, and the organic matter content in the soil is increased; the plant growth can be effectively promoted after the plant absorption and utilization; the vinasse can reduce the pH of the soil.
The organic silicon contains Si-O-Si bonds, a plurality of free silicon hydroxyl groups are arranged on Si, and the molecular weight is 300-500. The organic silicon is used as a growth promoter of the compound microorganism to provide sufficient nutrition for the smooth growth and reproduction of the microorganism, and can promote the growth of crops, improve the stress resistance and improve the quality of the crops.
The application amount of each raw material per mu in the industrial waste modifying agent is as follows: 0.5 kg/mu of organic silicon, 2.5 kg/mu of humic acid, 12 kg/mu of nitrate nitrogen, 5.5 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, 2.5 kg/mu of cane sugar and 500 kg/mu of vinasse.
Example 2
This example is substantially the same as example 1, except that the industrial waste modifier contains the following raw materials: 0.6 part of organic silicon, 3 parts of humic acid, 12 parts of nitrate nitrogen, 5.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5 parts of cane sugar and 520 parts of vinasse.
The application amount of each raw material per mu in the industrial waste modifying agent is as follows: 0.6 kg/mu of organic silicon, 3 kg/mu of humic acid, 12 kg/mu of nitrate nitrogen, 5.5 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, 2.5 kg/mu of cane sugar and 520 kg/mu of vinasse.
Example 3
This example is substantially the same as example 1, except that the industrial waste modifier contains the following raw materials: 0.8 part of organic silicon, 4 parts of humic acid, 12 parts of nitrate nitrogen, 5.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5 parts of cane sugar and 550 parts of vinasse. And during sowing, sowing is carried out by adopting a planting mode in the mulching furrows on the ridges.
The application amount of each raw material per mu in the industrial waste modifying agent is as follows: 0.8 kg/mu of organic silicon, 4 kg/mu of humic acid, 12 kg/mu of nitrate nitrogen, 5.5 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, 2.5 kg/mu of cane sugar and 550 kg/mu of vinasse.
Example 4
This example is substantially the same as example 1, except that the industrial waste modifier contains the following raw materials: 1 part of organic silicon, 5 parts of humic acid, 12 parts of nitrate nitrogen, 5.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5 parts of cane sugar and 600 parts of furfural residues. And during sowing, sowing is carried out by adopting a planting mode in the mulching furrows on the ridges.
The application amount of each raw material per mu in the industrial waste modifying agent is as follows: 1 kg/mu of organic silicon, 5 kg/mu of humic acid, 12 kg/mu of nitrate nitrogen, 5.5 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, 2.5 kg/mu of cane sugar and 600 kg/mu of furfural residues.
The furfural residue has the following characteristics: 1. the furfural residue is an acidic substance, and the pH value of the soil can be reduced through a neutralization reaction; 2. the furfural residues contain more Ca2+, Na + in soil colloid can be replaced, so that a sodium hydrophilic colloid is converted into a calcium hydrophobic colloid, exchangeable Na + is converted into soluble Na +, downward leaching of sodium ions is facilitated by irrigation, and the formation of a soil structure is promoted; 3. the furfural residues have rich organic matter content, so that the soil fertility can be enhanced, the soil structure can be improved, and the ventilation and fertilizer retention capability of the soil can be improved.
Test examples
A moderate saline-alkali soil is selected as a test point for improvement test, the pH value of the saline-alkali soil is 8.7, and the total salt content is 0.46%. The saline-alkali soil is divided into 4 improved areas and 1 comparison area, the fertilization methods of examples 1-4 are respectively adopted for the 4 improved areas, and the 1 comparison area is used as the comparison area.
After one year, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are detected, the physical and chemical properties of the soil in 4 improvement areas are improved, the total salt content in the soil can be reduced to be below 0.35%, the pH value reaches to be below pH8.2, the content of organic matters in the soil can be obviously increased, the soil aggregate structure is effectively improved, and the physical and chemical properties of the soil in a comparison area without the application of the conditioner are not obviously changed.
After two to three years, the total salt content in the soil can be reduced to be below 0.3 percent, and the pH value reaches below pH 7.8.
Planting corns in the improved area and the comparison area, adopting a shallow trench sowing mode to sow when the improved area and the comparison area of the embodiment 1-2 are sowed, adopting a film covering furrow on the ridge to sow when the improved area of the embodiment 3-4 is sowed, and enabling field management conditions of all areas to be the same; after the corn matured, the improved plots of examples 1-4 produced 311 kg/acre, 318 kg/acre, 402 kg/acre, and 409 kg/acre, respectively, with the comparative plot producing 238 kg/acre.
In the second year, planting corns in the improved area and the comparison area, sowing seeds in the improved area and the comparison area of the embodiment 1-2 in a shallow trench sowing mode, sowing seeds in the improved area and the comparison area of the embodiment 3-4 in a ridge film-covering and furrow gap planting mode, and keeping the field management conditions of all areas the same; after the corn is mature, the improved area yields of examples 1-4 are 405 kg/acre, 413 kg/acre, 505 kg/acre and 514 kg/acre, respectively, and the comparative area yield is 242 kg/acre.
The technical solutions described above only represent the preferred technical solutions of the present invention, and some possible modifications to some parts of the technical solutions by those skilled in the art all represent the principles of the present invention, and fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A soda saline-alkali soil farming and fertilizing method based on agricultural and industrial wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, crushing the straws, mixing the crushed straws with a straw decomposition agent, and applying the mixture into a soil layer with a depth of 20-30 cm;
s2, applying the industrial waste modifier into a soil layer with the depth of 0-20 cm, wherein the industrial waste modifier is prepared by uniformly mixing the following raw materials: organic silicon, humic acid, nitrate nitrogen, diammonium phosphate, potassium sulfate, cane sugar, vinasse or furfural residues;
s3, sowing when the soil moisture content is proper, and planting in shallow trenches or in furrows covered with films on ridges during sowing.
2. The soda saline-alkali soil tillage fertilizing method based on agricultural and industrial wastes as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the industrial waste improver comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 0.5-1 part of organic silicon, 2.5-5 parts of humic acid, 12 parts of nitrate nitrogen, 5.5 parts of diammonium phosphate, 5 parts of potassium sulfate, 2.5 parts of cane sugar and 500-600 parts of vinasse or furfural residues.
3. The soda saline-alkali soil tillage fertilizing method based on agricultural and industrial wastes as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the straws are the straws of the last season crop.
4. The soda saline-alkali soil tillage fertilizing method based on agricultural and industrial wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that the organic silicon contains Si-O-Si bonds, a plurality of free silicon hydroxyl groups are arranged on Si, and the molecular weight is 300-500.
5. The soda saline-alkali soil tillage fertilizing method based on agricultural and industrial wastes as claimed in claim 1, wherein the degree of straw breakage is 3-5 cm.
6. The soda saline-alkali soil tillage fertilizing method based on agricultural and industrial wastes as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the industrial waste modifying agent is applied into soil and then irrigated with water to keep the water level at 5-8 cm.
7. The soda saline-alkali soil farming and fertilizing method based on agricultural and industrial wastes according to claim 1, characterized in that the application rate of each raw material per mu in the industrial waste improving agent is as follows: 0.5-1 kg/mu of organic silicon, 2.5-5 kg/mu of humic acid, 12 kg/mu of nitrate nitrogen, 5.5 kg/mu of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg/mu of potassium sulfate, 2.5 kg/mu of cane sugar and 500-600 kg/mu of vinasse or furfural residues.
CN202110944774.XA 2021-08-19 2021-08-19 Farming and fertilizing method for soda saline-alkali soil based on agricultural and industrial wastes Pending CN113575011A (en)

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102051181A (en) * 2009-11-04 2011-05-11 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 Nutritional type saline-alkali soil modifier
CN104893739A (en) * 2015-05-27 2015-09-09 刘燕 Conditioner for treating and improving saline alkali soil
CN105198667A (en) * 2015-08-18 2015-12-30 宁夏共享生物化工有限公司 Preparation method of saline-alkali soil conditioner containing biochemical humic acid
CN105284368A (en) * 2015-10-29 2016-02-03 山西省农业科学院玉米研究所 Seedling protecting planting method for maize in saline-alkali soil
CN106431642A (en) * 2016-09-12 2017-02-22 巢湖春友种业科技有限公司 Soil conditioner for alkaline soil and preparation method thereof
CN106565353A (en) * 2016-11-14 2017-04-19 中节能金峰农业科技有限公司 Compound microbial fertilizer for improving saline and alkaline land and preparation method thereof
CN108822859A (en) * 2018-06-01 2018-11-16 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 For improveing combined soil conditioner, preparation and the Opsonizing method in salt-soda soil
CN109370599A (en) * 2018-09-30 2019-02-22 湖南博川农业发展有限责任公司 A kind of organic formulations and application for quickly administering salt-soda soil
CN109467488A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-15 山东省林业科学研究院 A kind of salt-soda soil biological organic bacterial manure and preparation method thereof
CN110981586A (en) * 2019-11-11 2020-04-10 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 Soil conditioner for northeast soda saline-alkali soil, preparation method of soil conditioner and method for planting corn by using soil conditioner

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102051181A (en) * 2009-11-04 2011-05-11 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 Nutritional type saline-alkali soil modifier
CN104893739A (en) * 2015-05-27 2015-09-09 刘燕 Conditioner for treating and improving saline alkali soil
CN105198667A (en) * 2015-08-18 2015-12-30 宁夏共享生物化工有限公司 Preparation method of saline-alkali soil conditioner containing biochemical humic acid
CN105284368A (en) * 2015-10-29 2016-02-03 山西省农业科学院玉米研究所 Seedling protecting planting method for maize in saline-alkali soil
CN106431642A (en) * 2016-09-12 2017-02-22 巢湖春友种业科技有限公司 Soil conditioner for alkaline soil and preparation method thereof
CN106565353A (en) * 2016-11-14 2017-04-19 中节能金峰农业科技有限公司 Compound microbial fertilizer for improving saline and alkaline land and preparation method thereof
CN108822859A (en) * 2018-06-01 2018-11-16 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 For improveing combined soil conditioner, preparation and the Opsonizing method in salt-soda soil
CN109370599A (en) * 2018-09-30 2019-02-22 湖南博川农业发展有限责任公司 A kind of organic formulations and application for quickly administering salt-soda soil
CN109467488A (en) * 2018-12-29 2019-03-15 山东省林业科学研究院 A kind of salt-soda soil biological organic bacterial manure and preparation method thereof
CN110981586A (en) * 2019-11-11 2020-04-10 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 Soil conditioner for northeast soda saline-alkali soil, preparation method of soil conditioner and method for planting corn by using soil conditioner

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