CN113545192A - Method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of capsicum annuum soil - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of capsicum annuum soil. The specific method comprises the following steps: firstly, mixing the smoke foam biochar, the vinasse biochar and the traditional Chinese medicine residue biochar according to the ratio of 3: 2: 1, uniformly spreading the biochar on the soil surface, pressing the biochar into a soil layer of 0-40 cm by adopting a rotary cultivator, turning for 3-5 times to fully mix the biochar with the soil, spreading the biochar on the soil surface according to 5-10 kg/mu of lime nitrogen, pouring 1000-plus 2000L/mu of tap water after the spreading is finished, pouring the decoction dreg filtrate on the 7 th day with the pouring amount of 500-plus 1000L/mu, spraying the composite microbial liquid on the soil surface on the 15 th day with the spraying amount of 5-10L/mu, diluting by 200 times, and planting the peppers after the 45 th day.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and particularly relates to a method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of capsicum soil.
Background
The pepper is the economic crop with the most characteristics and advantages in Guizhou, and the planting scale, the processing yield and the market distribution scale of the Guizhou pepper are the first in the nation at present, are one of 12 characteristic and advantageous industries in Guizhou and are also one of nationally recognized high-quality pepper production areas. However, with the rapid development of the Guizhou pepper industry in recent years, due to the excessive pursuit of economic benefits and the blind and excessive application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, the ecological environment of soil deteriorates, and due to continuous cropping and single planting of pepper all the year round, continuous cropping obstacles are gradually prominent, the yield and quality of pepper are seriously affected, and the continuous cropping of pepper becomes an important influence factor for limiting the development of the Guizhou pepper industry. The influencing factors of continuous cropping obstacle of pepper are very complex and are often not isolated but are interconnected and mutually influenced. The change of the microbial community of the soil in the root zone caused by long-term continuous cropping breaks down the normal microbial community and the structure of the rhizosphere soil, reduces the diversity level of the soil microbes, reduces the antagonistic bacteria of the pathogens, influences the normal growth and development of plants and further influences the yield and the quality of products.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of capsicum annuum soil.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of pepper soil comprises the following steps:
step one), selecting a field with serious continuous cropping obstacle of pepper soil, and broadcasting biochar: mixing the tobacco foam biochar, the distiller's grains biochar and the Chinese medicine residue biochar according to the ratio of 3: 2: 1 is uniformly scattered on the soil surface;
step two), plowing the land: turning and pressing the biochar into a 0-40 cm soil layer by adopting a rotary cultivator, and turning for 3-5 times to fully and uniformly mix the biochar with soil;
step three), spreading lime nitrogen and pouring tap water: spreading lime nitrogen on the soil surface at the application rate of 5-10 kg/mu, and immediately irrigating tap water after the spreading is finished, wherein the irrigation rate is 1000-2000L/mu;
step four), pouring decoction dregs and filtrate: irrigating the decoction dregs and filtrate at the 7 th day after the lime nitrogen is scattered, wherein the irrigation amount is 500-1000L/mu;
step five), spraying compound microorganism bacterium liquid: spraying the compound microbial liquid on the soil surface at 15 days, wherein the spraying amount is 5-10L/mu, diluting by 200 times, and planting the peppers after 45 days.
Further, the application amount of the smoke foam biochar, the lees biochar and the traditional Chinese medicine residue biochar in the step one) is 600 kg/mu, 400 kg/mu and 200 kg/mu respectively.
Further, the smoke foam charcoal in the step one) is formed by carbonizing smoke foam at a high temperature of 550 ℃, and the physical structure of the smoke foam charcoal is as follows: pH 8.3, specific surface area 51.3 m/g, micropore specific surface area 72.5 m/g, single-point adsorption total pore volume 30.4 x 10-3cm by cm/g, micropore volume 18.9X 10-3c, carrying out cm-year cultivation/g, wherein the average pore diameter is 2.4 nm; the vinasse biochar is formed by carbonizing vinasse at the high temperature of 550 ℃, and has a physical structure as follows: pH 8.6, specific surface area 5.4 m/g, micropore specific surface area 4.7 m/g, single-point adsorption total pore volume 0.9 x 10-3cm weight/g, micropore volume 5.1X 10-3c, carrying out cm-year cultivation/g, wherein the average pore diameter is 4.3 nm; the traditional Chinese medicine residue biochar is formed by carbonizing traditional Chinese medicine residues at the high temperature of 550 ℃, and has a physical structure as follows: pH 7.3, specific surface area 12.8 m/g, micropore specific surface area 16.7 m/g, single-point adsorption total pore volume 13.0 x 10-3cm weight/g, micropore volume 3.2X 10-3c, carrying out cm-year cultivation/g, wherein the average pore diameter is 4.0 nm;
further, the tilling frequency of the rotary cultivator in the second step is 3 times;
further, the application amount of the lime nitrogen in the step three) is 8 kg/mu, and the irrigation amount of tap water is 1600L/mu;
further, the decoction dregs filtrate in the step four) is liquid obtained by squeezing residues of the polygonum capitatum after high-temperature cooking through a screw press, the pH value of the liquid is 5.78, the main components comprise flavonoids, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, and the application amount of the decoction dregs filtrate is 700L/mu;
further, the compound microorganism liquid in the fifth step) is respectively AM (Arbuscular mycerrizae) and Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas), the effective viable bacteria of the stock solution are more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g, the application amount of the AM and Pseudomonas stock solution is 3L/mu, and the AM and Pseudomonas stock solution is diluted by 200 times and then sprayed on the soil surface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the biochar applied in the technology contains 3 biochar with different physical structures, and by applying different amounts of biochar, the physical structure, the ventilation performance and the like of continuous cropping soil are improved by the biochar, and meanwhile, the sufficient adsorption of lime nitrogen, decoction dreg filtrate and microbial liquid can be realized by utilizing the differences of the specific surface area, the adsorption volume, the adsorption pore diameter and the like of the biochar, so that the leaching loss is reduced, and the function of neutralizing the acidity of the decoction dreg filtrate can be achieved.
(2) The decoction dregs filtrate contains various drug effect components and nutrient substances, and after high-temperature cooking, the filtrate has extremely strong acidity, can effectively inhibit the propagation of microorganisms, reduces the occurrence of soil-borne diseases, is beneficial to the reconstruction of soil microbial flora, and can realize the resource utilization of waste liquid.
(3) The AM bacteria and the pseudomonas are combined to reconstruct the soil microbial flora, so that the number of harmful microorganisms in the soil can be effectively reduced, and the soil quality and the health of the micro-ecological environment are ensured.
(4) The application technology involved in the invention is simple and easy to implement, convenient to operate, quick in effect, and strong in operability, and can be understood and implemented by common farmers or planting households. By implementing the technology, one-time improvement can be realized, the problem of soil continuous cropping obstacles can not occur within three years, and the occurrence of the soil continuous cropping obstacles can be effectively reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing the effect of this technique on the incidence of pepper disease;
FIG. 2 is a graph of the effect on pepper yield after the technique has been performed;
FIG. 3 shows the effect of this technique on the soil pathogenic bacteria of capsicum.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Step one), selecting a field with serious continuous cropping obstacle of pepper soil, and broadcasting biochar: generating the tobacco powderThe charcoal, the distiller's grains charcoal and the Chinese herb residue charcoal are uniformly scattered on the soil surface according to 600 kg, 400 kg and 200 kg per mu, wherein the smoke foam charcoal is formed by carbonizing smoke foam at the high temperature of 550 ℃, and the physical structure is as follows: pH 8.3, specific surface area 51.3 m/g, micropore specific surface area 72.5 m/g, single-point adsorption total pore volume 30.4 x 10-3cm by cm/g, micropore volume 18.9X 10-3c, carrying out cm-year cultivation/g, wherein the average pore diameter is 2.4 nm; the vinasse biochar is formed by carbonizing vinasse at the high temperature of 550 ℃, and has a physical structure as follows: pH 8.6, specific surface area 5.4 m/g, micropore specific surface area 4.7 m/g, single-point adsorption total pore volume 0.9 x 10-3cm weight/g, micropore volume 5.1X 10-3c, carrying out cm-year cultivation/g, wherein the average pore diameter is 4.3 nm; the traditional Chinese medicine residue biochar is formed by carbonizing traditional Chinese medicine residues at the high temperature of 550 ℃, and has a physical structure as follows: pH 7.3, specific surface area 12.8 m/g, micropore specific surface area 16.7 m/g, single-point adsorption total pore volume 13.0 x 10-3cm weight/g, micropore volume 3.2X 10-3cm/g, average pore size 4.0 nm.
Step two), plowing the land: turning and pressing the biochar into a 0-40 cm soil layer by a rotary cultivator, and turning for 3 times to fully and uniformly mix the biochar with the soil.
Step three), spreading lime nitrogen and pouring tap water: and (3) spreading lime nitrogen on the soil surface, wherein the application amount is 5-10 kg/mu, and immediately watering tap water after the spreading is finished, wherein the watering amount is 1600L/mu.
Step four), pouring decoction dregs and filtrate: on the 7 th day after the lime nitrogen was applied, the residue filtrate was poured. The residue filtrate is liquid obtained by squeezing residue of herba Polygoni Capitati by screw press, has pH of 5.78, contains flavonoids, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, etc., and has application amount of 700L/mu
Step five), spraying compound microorganism bacterium liquid: spraying the compound microbial liquid on the soil surface at 15 days, wherein the spraying amount is 6L/mu, diluting by 200 times, and planting the peppers 45 days later. Wherein the composite microbial liquid is respectively AM (Arbuscular mycorrhizae) and Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas), the effective viable bacteria of the stock solution are more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g, and the application amount of the AM and Pseudomonas stock solutions is 3L/mu.
In this example, in order to evaluate the effect of improving continuous cropping obstacles of capsicum soil, a field with severe continuous cropping obstacles of capsicum soil was divided into two blocks, 2 treatments were provided, T1 was no continuous cropping obstacles of capsicum soil were treated, T2 was continuous cropping obstacles of capsicum soil were treated, and the effect after the treatment was monitored for 3 consecutive years.
The effect of each treatment is shown in fig. 1-3.
Analysis of results
Effect of capsicum soil continuous cropping obstacle improvement on incidence of capsicum (fig. 1): the incidence of pepper treated with T1 without improvement of pepper continuous cropping obstacle was 25.47% in the first year, 31.05% in the second year, and 37.54% in the third year, while the incidence of pepper treated with T2 with improvement of pepper continuous cropping obstacle was 3.85% in the first year, 3.94% in the second year, and 4.13% in the third year. Compared with the T1 treatment, the incidence of pepper treated with T2 was reduced by 21.62% (first year), 27.11% (second year), and 33.41% (third year), respectively.
Effect of capsicum soil continuous cropping obstacle improvement on capsicum yield (fig. 2): the first year of pepper yield from T1 treatment without improvement of continuous cropping obstacle of pepper was 12157 kg/hm2The second year is 10014 kg/hm28311 kg/hm in the third year2The first year of the yield of the pepper treated by the T2 treatment for improving the continuous cropping obstacle of the pepper is 18163 kg/hm218523 kg/hm in the second year218542 kg/hm in the third year2. Compared with the T1 treatment, the yield of the peppers treated by the T2 treatment is respectively improved by 49.40% (first year), 84.97% (second year) and 123.10 (third year).
Effect of capsicum annuum continuous cropping obstacle improvement on capsicum annuum soil pathogenic bacteria (fig. 3): compared with the pepper soil pathogenic bacteria treated by T1 without pepper continuous cropping obstacle improvement, the relative abundance of the pepper soil pathogenic bacteria is 13.85% in the first year, 27.68% in the second year and 41.53% in the third year, and the relative abundance of the pepper soil pathogenic bacteria treated by T2 with pepper continuous cropping obstacle improvement is 1.04% in the first year, 5.57% in the second year and 6.98% in the third year. The relative abundance of pathogens was reduced by 12.81 percentage points (first year), 22.11 percentage points (second year), 34.55 percentage points (third year) for the T2 treatment compared to the T1 treatment.
In summary, the following steps: by implementing the continuous cropping obstacle improvement technology of the pepper soil, the incidence rate of the pepper and the number of soil pathogenic bacteria can be reduced, and the yield increase and stable yield of the pepper are realized.
The above examples are only for illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the following examples according to the technical spirit of the present invention still fall within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of pepper soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one), selecting a field with serious continuous cropping obstacle of pepper soil, and broadcasting biochar: mixing the tobacco foam biochar, the distiller's grains biochar and the Chinese medicine residue biochar according to the ratio of 3: 2: 1 is uniformly scattered on the soil surface;
step two), plowing the land: turning and pressing the biochar into a 0-40 cm soil layer by adopting a rotary cultivator, and turning for 3-5 times to fully and uniformly mix the biochar with soil;
step three), spreading lime nitrogen and pouring tap water: spreading lime nitrogen on the soil surface at the application rate of 5-10 kg/mu, and immediately irrigating tap water after the spreading is finished, wherein the irrigation rate is 1000-2000L/mu;
step four), pouring decoction dregs and filtrate: irrigating the decoction dregs and filtrate at the 7 th day after the lime nitrogen is scattered, wherein the irrigation amount is 500-1000L/mu;
step five), spraying compound microorganism bacterium liquid: spraying the AM bacteria and the pseudomonas compound microorganism liquid on the soil surface on the 15 th day, and planting the pepper after the 45 th day.
2. The method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of pepper soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application amount of the smoke dust biochar, the distiller's grain biochar and the traditional Chinese medicine residue biochar in the step one) is 600 kg/mu, 400 kg/mu and 200 kg/mu respectively.
3. The method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of pepper soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the smoke charcoal in step one) is prepared by high-temperature carbonization of smoke at 550 ℃, pH 8.3, specific surface area 51.3 m/g, micropore specific surface area 72.5 m/g, single-point adsorption total pore volume 30.4 x 10-3cm by cm/g, micropore volume 18.9X 10-3c, carrying out cm-year cultivation/g, wherein the average pore diameter is 2.4 nm; vinasse biochar is formed by carbonizing vinasse at high temperature of 550 ℃, and has pH of 8.6, specific surface area of 5.4 m/g, micropore specific surface area of 4.7 m/g and single-point adsorption total pore volume of 0.9 x 10-3cm weight/g, micropore volume 5.1X 10-3c, carrying out cm-year cultivation/g, wherein the average pore diameter is 4.3 nm; traditional Chinese medicine residue biochar is prepared by carbonizing traditional Chinese medicine residue at 550 ℃, and has pH of 7.3, a specific surface area of 12.8 m/g, a micropore specific surface area of 16.7 m/g and a total pore volume of single-point adsorption of 13.0 × 10-3cm weight/g, micropore volume 3.2X 10-3cm/g, average pore size 4.0 nm.
4. The method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of pepper soil as set forth in claim 1, wherein the tillage times of the cultivator in the second step) is 3 times.
5. The method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of pepper soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the application amount of lime nitrogen in step three) is 8 kg/mu, and the irrigation amount of tap water is 1600L/mu.
6. The method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of pepper soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the residue filtrate in the fourth step) is a liquid obtained by extruding residue obtained by cooking polygonum capitatum at high temperature through a screw press, and the application amount of the residue filtrate is 700L/mu.
7. The method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacles of pepper soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the active viable bacteria of both AM (arbuscorrichiae) and Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas) in the stock solution of compound microorganism bacterial solution in the fifth step) are more than or equal to 2.0 hundred million/g, the application rates of AM (arbuscorrichiae) and Pseudomonas (Pseudomonas) are 3L/mu, and the stock solution is diluted by 200 times and sprayed on the soil surface.
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