CN103409143A - Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver and application method thereof - Google Patents
Tobacco plantation soil acidification improver and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN103409143A CN103409143A CN201310351491XA CN201310351491A CN103409143A CN 103409143 A CN103409143 A CN 103409143A CN 201310351491X A CN201310351491X A CN 201310351491XA CN 201310351491 A CN201310351491 A CN 201310351491A CN 103409143 A CN103409143 A CN 103409143A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a tobacco plantation soil acidification improver and an application method thereof. The improver is prepared from the raw materials of: 20-30wt% of quick lime, 50-60wt% of dolomite powder, 5-10% of lime nitrogen, and 10-15wt% of peat. The application method comprises the steps that: (1) the soil is sampled, and pH value is measured; and (2) according to different pH values, the improver with different dose is applied. With the soil improvement structure, soil caking is prevented, soil organics are supplemented, and soil-borne diseases of tobaccos can be comprehensively controlled. The improver has the advantages of simple preparation method, easy-to-obtain raw materials, and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the conditioner for acidified soil technical field, be specifically related to a kind of acidifying tobacco-planting soil conditioner and using method thereof.
Background technology
Soil acidification is the important indicator that soil quality is degenerated, and is also one of worldwide ecological environment problem.In recent years, along with the fast development of Chinese industrial, the day by day serious and chemical fertilizer of acid deposition is used in a large number in agriculture production, greatly accelerated soil acidification speed.According to data, show that acidifying phenomenon has in various degree all occurred China's agricultural land soil of 90%, its pH value approximately 0.5 unit that on average descended.
The suitableeest soil pH of sound tobacco growth is 5.5-6.5, too high or too lowly all can the quality of cigarette strain growth and tobacco leaf be had a negative impact.Because tobacco leaf planting is taked the continuous cropping pattern for a long time, and use the not even reason such as organic fertilizer material and acid deposition of a large amount of chemical fertilizer, Shaoshi, at the stronger Main Tobacco-growing Regions In South of eluviation, soil acidification trend is comparatively serious.According to South-West Hubei part cigarette district's soil investigation result, show: the area of strongly-acid (pH<4.5) and acid (4.5<pH<5.5) has reached 51.3% of the investigation total area.Soil acidification affects activity biological in soil, changes the form of nutrient in soil, reduces nutrient availability; Impel free manganese, aluminum ion to dissolve in the soil solution, to doing the deposits yields toxic action; Also bring out simultaneously some soil-borne disease of crop.The tobacco leaf of planting on acid soil easily causes root system injury, often forms stiff seedling and Lao Miao, and it is serious that soil passes rhizome section disease, makes the yielding poorly of tobacco leaf, product shoddy.By the derivative soil fertility obstacle of soil acidification and soil-borne disease, become at present the Main Bottleneck of restriction tobacco leaf sustainable and healthy development.
Produce at present the most of unslaked lime that adopts of upper material for acid soil improvement, use the pH of unslaked lime energy Quick peracidity soil, but because it affects much smaller than topsoil soils basement soil, and use for a long time or in a large number, accelerated the release of organic decomposition and reduction-state nitrogen, sulphur, thereby multiple acidizing degree is strengthened, simultaneously long-term application lime can cause soil compaction and form " lime harden field ", also can cause the dysequilibrium of soil calcium, potassium, 3 kinds of elements of magnesium, reduce the activity of magnesium in soil and cause crop failure.
Research about acidified soil conditioner and application thereof both at home and abroad has a lot.As Chinese patent (publication number: 102503728A) disclose a kind of modifier for acidized bamboo soil in " a kind of modifier for acidized bamboo soil and application thereof ", although it can improve acidified soil, the insect pest of control soil-borne disease, have additional nutrients, but it is not strong to the specific aim of tobacco-growing soil, and the sowing amount deficiency of the modifying agent required, limited to the control of the improved effect of tobacco-growing soil and soil-borne disease.(publication number: 101781564A) " a kind of facility vegetable land soil amendment that utilizes magnesite tailings and preparation method thereof " discloses a kind of modifying agent for protected horticultural vegetable field soil to Chinese patent, although it can improve the acid or alkali environment of horticultural vegetable field soil, improve soil physical property, but because major part in modifying agent has been used decomposition magnesite powder comparatively slowly, so effective to the improved effect of strongly acidic soil in a short time.In sum, although the invention aspect the soil acidification modifying agent is a lot, but great majority concentrate on the soil such as forest land, tea place, field of vegetables and orchard, but for the improvement of acidifying tobacco-growing soil, the aspects such as the control of soil-borne disease there is not yet the innovation that specific aim is stronger.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to yield of tobacco that the tobacco-growing soil acidifying brings and the problem of Quality Down, and derivative soil fertility obstacle and the problem of soil-borne disease, a kind of acidifying tobacco-planting soil conditioner and using method thereof are provided, in the improvement acid soil, the soil-borne disease of tobacco leaf is carried out to integrated control.
The technical scheme adopted is as follows:
A kind of acidifying tobacco-planting soil conditioner forms by the mixed raw material of following proportioning is standby:
Unslaked lime 20wt%-30wt%, ground dolomite 50wt%-60wt%, lime nitrogen 5wt%-10wt%, peat composed of rotten mosses 10wt%-15wt%.
Press such scheme, described unslaked lime CaO content >=94wt%, particle diameter≤0.5mm.
Press such scheme, described ground dolomite CaO content >=35wt%, MgO content >=26wt%, particle diameter≤0.5mm.
Press such scheme, described peat composed of rotten mosses organic content >=50wt%, particle diameter≤0.5mm.
Press such scheme, the effective nitrogen content >=16wt% of described lime nitrogen, particle diameter≤0.5mm.
Press such scheme, the using method of described acidifying tobacco-planting soil conditioner, comprise the steps:
1) soil sampling, and test pH value;
2) according to different pH values, use the modifying agent of different amounts, specific as follows:
When tobacco-growing soil pH value<4.5, the amount of application of modifying agent is 300-350kg/ mu, spreads fertilizer over the fields before the ridging of taking to apply fertilizer, and subtracts simultaneously the nitrogen fertilizer amount of executing 30%-40%;
When tobacco-growing soil pH value was 4.5-5.0, the amount of application of modifying agent was 240-290kg/ mu, spread fertilizer over the fields before the ridging of taking to apply fertilizer, and subtracted simultaneously the nitrogen fertilizer amount of executing 20%-30%;
When tobacco-growing soil pH value was 5.0-5.5, the amount of application of modifying agent was 180-230kg/ mu, spread fertilizer over the fields before the ridging of taking to apply fertilizer, and subtracted simultaneously the nitrogen fertilizer amount of executing 10%-20%.
Press such scheme, if during tobacco leaf disease incidence of soil-borne disease >=30%, separately get the unslaked lime that accounts for 20% consumption in using modifying agent component, according to unslaked lime: water is that the mass ratio of 1:20 is made suspension, between 40-50 after tobacco leaf transplanting days, carries out cigarette strain root irrigation.
Press such scheme, for same region, the time between the described acidifying tobacco-planting soil conditioner of administered twice is no less than 2 years.
Lime nitrogen, be not only a kind of alkaline nitrogenous fertilizer, and have the effect of desinsection, herbicide, sterilizing disease-preventing, be also a kind of nitrification inhibitor simultaneously, not only effectively reduce nitrification in soil, reduce the release of H+, and be conducive to reduce nitrate leaching migration in soil, cause the farmland pollution of area source.
The peat composed of rotten mosses is that a kind of plant that is half rotten state is piled up the organic ore body formed year by year, be rich in humic substance, have stronger adsorptivity and air permeability, it not only can improve Soil structure, keep soil from packing together, and can supplement the organic matter of soil, be unlikely to because after liming, and cause soil with organic matter content to decline to a great extent.
Quick-acting and long-acting combination is adopted in improvement to acid soil in the present invention, carries out comprehensive improvement.Unslaked lime is the active acidity of quick sweetening of the soil at short notice, to soil, supplement calcium ion, and ground dolomite can suppress the multiple acid of soil in long-time, improve the soda acid buffer capacity of soil, potential acidity in sweetening of the soil, supplement the magnesium ion in soil.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
1) preparation method is simple, and raw material is easy to obtain, and cost value is cheap, applicable to batch production production, also can be applicable to peasant household and configure voluntarily;
2) in the improvement acid soil, the soil-borne disease of tobacco leaf has been carried out to integrated control;
3) not only can improve Soil structure, keep soil from packing together, and can supplement the organic matter of soil, be unlikely to because after liming, and cause soil with organic matter content to decline to a great extent.
Embodiment
Embodiment is to further explaination of the present invention, not as limiting the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
Modifying agent preparation: accurately take unslaked lime 80.0kg, ground dolomite 150.0kg, lime nitrogen 15.0kg, peat composed of rotten mosses 35.0kg, and after feeding intake successively, mixing 5 minutes, the acidifying tobacco-planting soil conditioner that obtains mixing.
Sampling analysis: this tobacco-growing soil (soil depth 0-15cm) pH is 4.6, and exchangeability acid is 3.23cmol/kg, belongs to strongly acidic soil.
Test design: at every turn process 100 strain cigarettes, area 70m
2And the control group of modifying agent is not used in setting; Each processing arranges 3 repetitions.
Using of modifying agent: the modifying agent amount of application is 280kg/ mu, spreads fertilizer over the fields before ridge-forming and fertilizing April.
Use after modifying agent after the 90th day, gather the 0-15cm pedotheque and analyze, soil pH adopts potentiometry (soil ratio is 2.5:1), and exchangeability acid, exchangeability H+ and exchangeability aluminium adopt KCl exchange-acid base neutralization titration method mensuration.
Table 1 is used the situation of soil pH value and the acid of latent property after modifying agent
As shown in Table 1, after using modifying agent 280kg/ mu, the pH value of soil has improved 0.7 unit after 90 days, and obvious decline all appears in exchangeability acid and exchangeability aluminium, has reached the effect of improvement soil acidity.
Embodiment 2
Modifying agent preparation: accurately take unslaked lime 100.0kg, ground dolomite 175.0kg, lime nitrogen 30.0kg, peat composed of rotten mosses 35.0kg, and after feeding intake successively, mixing 5 minutes, the acidifying tobacco-planting soil conditioner that obtains mixing;
Sampling analysis: this tobacco-growing soil (soil depth 0-15cm) pH value is 4.0, and (be 5.32cmol/kg, belong to strongly acidic soil, the sickness rate of the main soil-borne disease bacterial wilt of tobacco leaf is greater than 70%, and tobacco leaf stem stalk is short and small, and blade hacks deficiency in exchangeability acid.
Test design is with embodiment 1.
Modifying agent is used: the acid modifying agent that applies 340kg/ mu April before ridge-forming and fertilizing, and separately get 20% of unslaked lime component in modifying agent, be 20kg unslaked lime, according to unslaked lime: water is that the mass ratio of 1:20 is made suspension, after tobacco leaf transplanting, carries out the cigarette strain in 40-50 days to fill with root.
Result shows: not using modifying agent control group bacterial wilt sickness rate then is 72%, and used modifying agent plot bacterial wilt sickness rate then, be 30%, and the morbidity time than control group, postponed 7-8 days, the output of tobacco leaf has improved 38.8%, the output value has improved 45.2%.Adopt the inventive method to repair the acidifying tobacco-growing soil, not only effectively reduce the sickness rate of tobacco leaf soil-borne disease, the delayed onset time, and increased the roasting rate of adopting of blade, and improved the output of tobacco leaf, increased tobacco grower's income.
Embodiment 3
Modifying agent preparation: accurately take unslaked lime 50.0kg, ground dolomite 105.0kg, lime nitrogen 15.0kg, peat composed of rotten mosses 30.0kg, and after feeding intake successively, mixing 5 minutes, the acidifying tobacco-planting soil conditioner that obtains mixing;
Sampling analysis: this tobacco-growing soil (soil depth 0-15cm) pH is 5.2, and exchangeability acid is 1.37cmol/kg, belongs to acid soil.
Test design is with embodiment 1.
Using of modifying agent: the modifying agent amount of application is 200kg/ mu, spreads fertilizer over the fields before ridge-forming and fertilizing April.
Use after modifying agent after the 90th day, gather the 0-15cm pedotheque and analyze:
Table 2 is used the situation of soil pH value and the acid of latent property after modifying agent
As shown in Table 2, after using modifying agent 200kg/ mu, the pH value of soil has improved 0.4 unit after 90 days, and reduction in various degree all appears in exchangeability acid and exchangeability aluminium, has reached the effect of improvement soil acidity.
Claims (8)
1. acidifying tobacco-planting soil conditioner is characterized in that forming by the mixed raw material of following proportioning is standby:
Unslaked lime 20wt%-30wt%, ground dolomite 50wt%-60wt%, lime nitrogen 5wt%-10wt%, peat composed of rotten mosses 10wt%-15wt%.
2. as the acidifying tobacco-planting soil conditioner in claim 1, it is characterized in that described unslaked lime CaO content >=94wt%, particle diameter≤0.5mm.
3. as the acidifying tobacco-planting soil conditioner in claim 1, it is characterized in that described ground dolomite CaO content >=35wt%, MgO content >=26wt%, particle diameter≤0.5mm.
4. as the acidifying tobacco-planting soil conditioner in claim 1, it is characterized in that described peat composed of rotten mosses organic content >=50wt%, particle diameter≤0.5mm.
5. as the acidifying tobacco-planting soil conditioner in claim 1, it is characterized in that the effective nitrogen content >=16wt% of described lime nitrogen, particle diameter≤0.5mm.
6. the using method of acidifying tobacco-planting soil conditioner claimed in claim 1, comprise the steps:
1) soil sampling, and test pH value;
2) according to different pH values, use the modifying agent of different amounts, specific as follows:
When tobacco-growing soil pH value<4.5, the amount of application of modifying agent is 300-350kg/ mu, spreads fertilizer over the fields before the ridging of taking to apply fertilizer, and subtracts simultaneously the nitrogen fertilizer amount of executing 30%-40%;
When tobacco-growing soil pH value was 4.5-5.0, the amount of application of modifying agent was 240-290kg/ mu, spread fertilizer over the fields before the ridging of taking to apply fertilizer, and subtracted simultaneously the nitrogen fertilizer amount of executing 20%-30%;
When tobacco-growing soil pH value was 5.0-5.5, the amount of application of modifying agent was 180-230kg/ mu, spread fertilizer over the fields before the ridging of taking to apply fertilizer, and subtracted simultaneously the nitrogen fertilizer amount of executing 10%-20%.
7. as right, to go the using method of 6 described acidifying tobacco-planting soil conditioners, it is characterized in that:
If, during tobacco leaf disease incidence of soil-borne disease >=30%, separately get the unslaked lime that accounts for 20% consumption in using modifying agent component, according to lime: water is that the mass ratio of 1:20 is made suspension, between 40-50 after tobacco leaf transplanting days, carries out cigarette strain root irrigation.
8. as right, to go the using method of 6 described acidifying tobacco-planting soil conditioners, it is characterized in that:
For same region, the time between the described acidifying tobacco-planting soil conditioner of administered twice is no less than 2 years.
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| CN103773378A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-05-07 | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 | Suspended-state soil conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN104140322A (en) * | 2014-07-29 | 2014-11-12 | 杭州市植保土肥总站 | Hickory soil acidification modifier and preparation method and application |
| CN104232099A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-12-24 | 昆明绿色中迅生物有限公司 | Modifier for acidic soil |
| CN104232098A (en) * | 2014-08-04 | 2014-12-24 | 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所 | Method for improving quality of flue-cured tobacco in red soil |
| CN104893733A (en) * | 2015-05-18 | 2015-09-09 | 中国农业科学院烟草研究所 | Nutritional type tobacco field soil acidification modifier formula and use method thereof |
| CN105038809A (en) * | 2015-08-17 | 2015-11-11 | 福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Multifunctional acid soil conditioner and application method thereof |
| CN105111004A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-12-02 | 昆明隆青化工有限公司 | Novel soil conditioning agent |
| CN106220419A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-12-14 | 福建省烟草公司南平市公司 | A kind of chloride compound fertilizer special of flue-cured tobacco cultivation |
| CN106680338A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-17 | 湖南省烟草公司湘西自治州公司 | Sampling calculating method of tobacco-planting soil acidification degree and acidized soil improvement method |
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| CN106947489A (en) * | 2017-05-15 | 2017-07-14 | 北京市农林科学院 | A kind of acidified soil conditioner |
| CN107365232A (en) * | 2017-08-24 | 2017-11-21 | 王伯仁 | A kind of new red soil acidifying improvement conditioner and preparation method thereof |
| CN108664755A (en) * | 2018-06-23 | 2018-10-16 | 湖南农业大学 | Lime application method for determination of amount during acidified soil is repaired |
| CN109400389A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-03-01 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of soil conditioner that preventing and treating tobacco bacterial wilt and preparation method and application |
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| CN111423889A (en) * | 2020-04-16 | 2020-07-17 | 武汉市秀谷科技有限公司 | Farmland soil acidification conditioner and application thereof |
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| CN113545192A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-10-26 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所(贵州省生态农业工程技术研究中心)(贵州省农业资源与环境研究所) | Method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of capsicum annuum soil |
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| CN104232099A (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2014-12-24 | 昆明绿色中迅生物有限公司 | Modifier for acidic soil |
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