CN103650877A - Greenhouse continuous cropping planting method of erigreon breviscapus - Google Patents
Greenhouse continuous cropping planting method of erigreon breviscapus Download PDFInfo
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- CN103650877A CN103650877A CN201310673201.3A CN201310673201A CN103650877A CN 103650877 A CN103650877 A CN 103650877A CN 201310673201 A CN201310673201 A CN 201310673201A CN 103650877 A CN103650877 A CN 103650877A
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- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229960001952 metrifonate Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorfon Chemical compound COP(=O)(OC)C(O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl NFACJZMKEDPNKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000132521 Erigeron Species 0.000 claims description 74
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- DJSISFGPUUYILV-UHFFFAOYSA-N UNPD161792 Natural products O1C(C(O)=O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1OC(C(=C1O)O)=CC2=C1C(=O)C=C(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)O2 DJSISFGPUUYILV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- NPLTVGMLNDMOQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carthamidin Natural products C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1OC2=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C1 NPLTVGMLNDMOQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- DJSISFGPUUYILV-ZFORQUDYSA-N scutellarin Chemical compound O1[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1OC(C(=C1O)O)=CC2=C1C(=O)C=C(C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)O2 DJSISFGPUUYILV-ZFORQUDYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229930190376 scutellarin Natural products 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010008190 Cerebrovascular accident Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001013934 Erigeron breviscapus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000241125 Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000233679 Peronosporaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255969 Pieris brassicae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000985245 Spodoptera litura Species 0.000 description 1
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016383 Zea mays subsp huehuetenangensis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002490 cerebral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000009973 maize Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012567 medical material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000019553 vascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a greenhouse continuous cropping planting method of erigreon breviscapus, and belongs to the technical field of planting of medicinal plants. According to the method, a greenhouse is closed in hot seasons from July to September every year, ridges are constructed around the edges inside the greenhouse, thoroughly decomposed erigreon breviscapus herb residues and 3% of trichlorfon are broadcast, water is irrigated after soil is ploughed deeply, the greenhouse is sealed, and the surface of the soil is soaked in water for 2-3 days during the greenhouse closing period; the greenhouse is opened for ventilation 15-20 days before sowing in the middle of September, base fertilizer is applied, moisture in the soil is managed, seeds are sowed, and additional fertilizer is applied; during the period from sowing to harvest of the erigreon breviscapus, the temperature of the greenhouse keeps at 15-35 DEG C every day, the relative humidity in the soil is controlled to be 70-90% within 45 days after sowing, the relative humidity in the soil is 60-70% 45-60 days after sowing, and the relative humidity in the soil is controlled to be below 60% afterwards. By means of the method, after the erigreon breviscapus is continuously planted in the greenhouse for more than three years, continuous cropping obstacles are overcome, the yield of dried erigreon breviscapus per mu every year is more than 300kg, the quality of the herb is good, and the content of scutellarin is above 2.6%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to medicinal plant cultivation technical field, be specifically related to overcome the method for fleabane flower booth continuous cropping obstacle.
Background technology
Fleabane flower (
erigeron breviscapus(Vant.) be Hand-Mazz) that composite family bitter fleabane belongs to herbaceos perennial.Fleabane flower similar drug is the natural drug for the treatment of at present obliterated cerebral vascular disease and apoplexy sequela, efficient more than 95%, and toxic and side effect almost, welcome by patient.At present, the whole nation to the market demand of fleabane flower medicinal material over 4000 tons/year.Before 2000, the fleabane flower medicinal material of selling on market mainly be take wild fleabane flower as main, but due to unordered, excessive excavating, causes wild fleabane flower resource sharply to decline, and after 2000, wild fleabane flower has been difficult to gather on a large scale.For meeting the demand of market to fleabane flower, only carry out the effective ways that artificial planting is only head it off, at present, fleabane flower artificial planting mainly adopts live or transplanting crop rotation, these planting patternss all can not continuous cropping, conventionally with the crop rotation of piece ground, within 3 years, just can again plant fleabane flower, after the 1st year plantation fleabane flower, continuous cropping meeting in the 2nd, 3 years produces more serious root rot, stem rot and insect pest etc., serious impact output and the quality of fleabane flower.
Open up as everyone knows and newly carry out fleabane flower plantation, output is higher, can get rid of the continuous cropping obstacle of fleabane flower.But because soil has shortage, market is large to the demand of fleabane flower, therefore,, by opening up the continuous cropping obstacle that newly overcomes fleabane flower, high cost is unrealistic again, especially steelframe greenhouse gardening fleabane flower, if newly-built steelframe booth, the planting cost producing is higher, for reducing costs, improve income, study a kind of not only can obtain high yield, but also the new technology that need not separately open newly, can overcome fleabane flower greenhouse gardening continuous cropping obstacle be problem in the urgent need to address.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to solve the continuous cropping obstacle technical problem of fleabane flower, provide a kind of and can obtain a kind of fleabane flower booth continuous cropping implantation methods that high yield can overcome again fleabane flower greenhouse gardening continuous cropping obstacle
A kind of fleabane flower booth continuous cropping implantation methods provided by the present invention, comprises the following steps and carries out:
(1) vexed canopy: utilize the vexed canopy of high temperature season annual July-mid-September, concrete operations are: at the beginning of annual 7 months, booth inward flange surrounding is built to the ridge, the high 6-7cm in the ridge, again the fleabane flower dregs of a decoction that become thoroughly decomposed and 3% chlorophos are spread fertilizer over the fields to soil surface in booth, the consumption of 3% chlorophos is 5 ㎏/mus, then plough deeply soil 25～30cm, pour water, the water surface exceeds soil surface 3～5cm, booth door, window have been closed, make the sealing of whole booth, during vexed canopy, keep soil surface not had 2～3 days by water logging, sow first 15～20 days and open canopy and breathe freely;
(2) basal dressing:, sowing is front in conjunction with whole ground basal dressing, base manure is comprised of the farmyard manure becoming thoroughly decomposed and composite fertilizer, or formed by the farmyard manure becoming thoroughly decomposed and superphosphate, the consumption of the farmyard manure becoming thoroughly decomposed is 2500 kgs/acre～3000 kgs/acre, and the consumption of composite fertilizer is 25 kgs/acre, and the consumption of superphosphate is 50 kgs/acre, in mass fraction, in described composite fertilizer its N be 15%, P
2o
5be 15%, K
2o is 15%; P in superphosphate
2o
5be 18%;
(3) reason moisture in the soil: moisture in the soil face width 1.2m, long 30m, the wide 40cm of dead furrow, dark 20cm; Grogs maximum gauge is no more than 3cm;
(4) sowing: the sowing time is annual mid-September, by the average 1.2kg/ mu of seeding quantity, after being mixed with fine earth, seed is sown on moisture in the soil face, at this moisture in the soil face, cover two-layer black sunshade net again, after seedling all sprouts, in five leaves, during the phase, throw off first black sunshade net, seven leaves are thrown off second black sunshade net during the phase;
(5) topdress: topdress and carry out altogether 3 times, topdress and with composite fertilizer, water and execute at every turn, in mass fraction, in this composite fertilizer N be 15%, P
2o
5be 15%, K
2o is 15%; When imposing for the first time composite fertilizer's time and be fleabane flower seedling and growing to 4～6 leaf, consumption is 6～8kg/ mu; Imposing for the second time 10～15 days after topdressing for the first time composite fertilizer's time carries out, and consumption is 8～10kg/ mu; Imposing for the third time 10～15 days after topdressing for the second time composite fertilizer's time carries out, and consumption is 8～10kg/ mu;
(6) green house temperature-humidity is controlled, after planting to fleabane flower, between harvest time, control 15 ℃～35 ℃ of greenhouse temperatures every day, within after planting 45 days, with interior moisture in the soil face relative moisture, be controlled at 70%～90%, within 46 days-60 days, moisture in the soil face relative moisture is controlled at 60%～70%, and later moisture in the soil face relative moisture is controlled at below 60%.
Above-mentioned fleabane flower cropping pattern is continuous 3 years above plantation fleabane flowers of booth.
The fleabane flower dregs of a decoction consumption becoming thoroughly decomposed that step (1) applies is 1000kg/ mu.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
After processing by processing mode of the present invention, fleabane flower carries out continuous cropping in 3 years, more than annual per mu yield fleabane flower medicinal material dry product 300kg, fleabane flower medicinal material scutellarin content is more than 2.6%, with newly plant fleabane flower and compare, fleabane flower output, content, extermination of disease and insect pest number of times etc. maintain an equal level, and therefore, have effectively overcome the continuous cropping obstacle of fleabane flower and have produced unforeseeable technique effect.Meanwhile, the present invention has also improved the recycling rate of waterused in soil and the recycling rate of waterused of relevant equipment of sprinkler irrigation, newly overcomes continuous cropping obstacle compare than employing, greatly reduces production cost.
The medical material quanlity that the present invention produces is good, fleabane flower scutellarin content is high, impurity content is below 2%, and the industry standard WM2-2001 < < medicinal plant and the preparation that have reached The Ministry of the Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of the People's Republic of China, MOFTEC export green industry standard > > requirement.
The present invention the is clear and definite key technique of booth continuous cropping fleabane flower planting process, it is easy and simple to handle, workable.
Embodiment
The cultivation of following embodiment fleabane flower, without specified otherwise, is conventional method.
Example 1
Implement place: in the good steelframe booth of 5.11 mu of irrigating facilities of maincenter town, Luxi County, Yunnan Province Honghe Qianshan Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., concrete steps are as follows:
(1) vexed canopy: utilize the vexed canopy of annual high temperature season early July-mid-September, concrete operations are: in vexed canopy on 5 days-September 1 July in 2009, booth inward flange surrounding is built to the ridge, the high 6-7cm in the ridge, again the fleabane flower dregs of a decoction that become thoroughly decomposed and 3% chlorophos are spread fertilizer over the fields to soil surface in booth, the consumption 1000kg/ mu of the fleabane flower dregs of a decoction that become thoroughly decomposed, the consumption of 3% chlorophos is 5kg/ mu, then plough deeply soil 25～30cm, pour water, the water surface exceeds soil surface 3～5cm, closed booth door, window, make whole booth sealing, keep frame intact, canopy film is complete, without damaged, during vexed canopy, keep soil surface not had 2～3 days by water logging, sow first 15 days and open canopy ventilative.The fleabane flower dregs of a decoction refer to last residue after fleabane flower medicinal material extract, by fleabane flower residue stack retting after 4 to 5 months, dregs of a decoction internal temperature lower than 40 degree for becoming thoroughly decomposed.
(2) basal dressing: before sowing in conjunction with whole the base manure of using, base manure is comprised of the farmyard manure becoming thoroughly decomposed and composite fertilizer, and the consumption of the farmyard manure becoming thoroughly decomposed is 2500 kgs/acre, and the consumption of composite fertilizer is 25 kgs/acre, in mass fraction, in described composite fertilizer its N be 15%, P
2o
5be 15%, K
2o is 15%.
(3) reason moisture in the soil: moisture in the soil face width 1.2m, long 30m, the wide 40cm of dead furrow, dark 20cm; Grogs maximum gauge is less than 3cm.
(4) sowing: the sowing time is on September 16th, 2009, the seeding quantity of fleabane flower seed is 1.2 thousand grams/acre, in the volume ratio of fine earth and fleabane flower seed, it is 25:1 ratio, after being mixed evenly, fine earth and fleabane flower seed be sown on moisture in the soil face, two-layer black sunshade net on this moisture in the soil face covers again, after seedling all sprouts, in five leaves during the phase, throw off first black sunshade net, seven leaves are thrown off second black sunshade net during the phase; The soil that described fine earth is is 0.6cm by aperture.
(5) topdress: topdress and carry out altogether 3 times, topdress and with composite fertilizer, water and execute at every turn, in mass fraction, in this composite fertilizer N be 15%, P
2o
5be 15%, K
2o is 15%; When imposing for the first time composite fertilizer's time and be fleabane flower seedling and growing to 4～6 leaf, consumption is 6kg/ mu; Imposing for the second time 10 days after topdressing for the first time composite fertilizer's time carries out, and consumption is 8kg/ mu; Imposing for the third time 10 days after topdressing for the second time composite fertilizer's time carries out, and consumption is 8kg/ mu.
(6) booth temperature
wetdegree is controlled: after planting to fleabane flower between harvest time, control 15 ℃～35 ℃ of greenhouse temperatures every day, within after planting 45 days, with interior moisture in the soil face relative moisture, be controlled at 70%～90%, within after planting 46 days-60 days, moisture in the soil face relative moisture is controlled at 60～70%, moisture in the soil face relative moisture is controlled at below 60% later, and after planting 150 left and right can gather in the crops.
Embodiment 2
The present embodiment is continuous cropping fleabane flower on the same booth basis of embodiment 1, and the present embodiment is except following measures difference, and all the other operations are identical with embodiment 1, repeat no more.
Step (1) 2 days-September 1 July 2010 vexed canopy time.
Step (2) basal dressing: the consumption of the farmyard manure becoming thoroughly decomposed is 2800 kgs/acre, the consumption of composite fertilizer is 25 kgs/acre.
(4) sowing: the fleabane flower planting seed time is on September 18th, 2010.
(5) topdress: when imposing for the first time composite fertilizer's time and be fleabane flower seedling and growing to 4～6 leaf, consumption is 7kg/ mu; Imposing for the second time 13 days after topdressing for the first time composite fertilizer's time carries out, and consumption is 9kg/ mu; Imposing for the third time 13 days after topdressing for the second time composite fertilizer's time carries out, and consumption is 9kg/ mu.
Embodiment 3
The present embodiment is continuous cropping fleabane flower on the same booth basis of embodiment 2, and the present embodiment is except following measures difference, and all the other operations are identical with embodiment 1, repeat no more.
Step (1) 4 days-September 4 July 2011 vexed canopy time;
Step (2) basal dressing: the consumption of the farmyard manure becoming thoroughly decomposed is 3000 kgs/acre, the consumption of composite fertilizer is 25 kgs/acre;
(4) sowing: the fleabane flower planting seed time is on September 20th, 2011.
(5) topdress: when imposing for the first time composite fertilizer's time and be fleabane flower seedling and growing to 4～6 leaf, consumption is 8kg/ mu; Imposing for the second time 15 days after topdressing for the first time composite fertilizer's time carries out, and consumption is 10kg/ mu; Imposing for the third time 15 days after topdressing for the second time composite fertilizer's time carries out, and consumption is 10kg/ mu.
Plantation fleabane flower is sowing mid-September in booth, after planting about 150 days, gathers, and embodiment 1 collecting time on February 20th, 2010, picking methods is for manually gathering; Embodiment 2 collecting times are on February 22nd, 2011, and picking methods is for manually gathering; Embodiment 3 collecting times are on February 18th, 2012, and picking methods is for manually gathering.
After this mode is carried out continuous cropping, fleabane flower Major Diseases rhizome maize ear rot, downy mildew etc. with newly plant fleabane flower morbidity number of times and maintain an equal level mutually, the pest control number of times such as the insect pest of fleabane flower Major Pests mole cricket, cabbage caterpillar, Spodoptera litura larvae with newly plant fair mutually.
The test effect of the various embodiments described above refers to table 1.
By table 1, can find out, in same plot, in same steelframe booth, carry out fleabane flower continuous cropping, after processing with upper type, fleabane flower medicinal material per mu yield is more than 300kg, and lamp-dish flower acetic content is higher than 2.5%, and newly plants fleabane flower and maintains an equal level mutually; Disease control number of times and pest control number of times with newly carry out fleabane flower plantation compare fair, so the fleabane flower continuous cropping plantation processing mode that the present invention carries out has produced unforeseeable technique effect.
Claims (3)
1. a fleabane flower booth continuous cropping implantation methods, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps and carries out:
(1) vexed canopy: at the beginning of annual 7 months, booth inward flange surrounding is built to the ridge, the high 6-7cm in the ridge, again the fleabane flower dregs of a decoction that become thoroughly decomposed and 3% chlorophos are spread fertilizer over the fields to soil surface in booth, the consumption of 3% chlorophos is 5 ㎏/mus, then ploughs deeply soil 25～30cm, pour water, the water surface exceeds soil surface, has closed booth door, window, makes whole booth sealing, during vexed canopy, keep soil surface not had 2～3 days by water logging, sow first 15～20 days and open canopy ventilative;
(2) basal dressing:, sowing is front in conjunction with whole ground basal dressing, base manure is comprised of the farmyard manure becoming thoroughly decomposed and composite fertilizer, or formed by the farmyard manure becoming thoroughly decomposed and superphosphate, the consumption of the farmyard manure becoming thoroughly decomposed is 2500 kgs/acre～3000 kgs/acre, and the consumption of composite fertilizer is 25 kgs/acre, and the consumption of superphosphate is 50 kgs/acre, in mass fraction, in described composite fertilizer its N be 15%, P
2o
5be 15%, K
2o is 15%; P in superphosphate
2o
5be 18%;
(3) reason moisture in the soil: moisture in the soil face width 1.2m, long 30m, the wide 40cm of dead furrow, dark 20cm; Grogs maximum gauge is no more than 3cm;
(4) sowing: the sowing time is annual mid-September, by the average 1.2kg/ mu of seeding quantity, after being mixed with fine earth, seed is sown on moisture in the soil face, at this moisture in the soil face, cover two-layer black sunshade net again, after seedling all sprouts, in five leaves, during the phase, throw off first black sunshade net, seven leaves are thrown off second black sunshade net during the phase;
(5) topdress: topdress and carry out altogether 3 times, topdress and with composite fertilizer, water and execute at every turn, in mass fraction, in this composite fertilizer N be 15%, P
2o
5be 15%, K
2o is 15%; When imposing for the first time composite fertilizer's time and be fleabane flower seedling and growing to 4～6 leaf, consumption is 6～8kg/ mu; Imposing for the second time 10～15 days after topdressing for the first time composite fertilizer's time carries out, and consumption is 8～10kg/ mu; Imposing for the third time 10～15 days after topdressing for the second time composite fertilizer's time carries out, and consumption is 8～10kg/ mu;
(6) green house temperature-humidity is controlled: after planting to fleabane flower between harvest time, control 15 ℃～35 ℃ of greenhouse temperatures every day, within after planting 45 days, with interior moisture in the soil face relative moisture, be controlled at 70%～90%, within after planting 46 days-60 days, moisture in the soil face relative moisture is controlled at 60%～70%, and later moisture in the soil face relative moisture is controlled at below 60%.
2. fleabane flower booth continuous cropping implantation methods according to claim 1, is characterized in that: fleabane flower cropping pattern is continuous 3 years above plantation fleabane flowers of booth.
3. fleabane flower booth continuous cropping implantation methods according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: the fleabane flower dregs of a decoction consumption becoming thoroughly decomposed that step (1) applies is 1000kg/ mu.
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| CN103907422A (en) * | 2014-03-27 | 2014-07-09 | 辽宁省农业科学院 | Cultivation method for solving continuous cropping obstacles in protected agriculture |
| CN104380953A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-03-04 | 弥渡县众联中药材种植农民专业合作社 | Method for planting erigeron breviscapus in plastic greenhouse |
| CN104380953B (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2016-03-02 | 弥渡县众联中药材种植农民专业合作社 | A kind of method of plastic greenhouse cultivation fleabane flower |
| CN107197685A (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2017-09-26 | 大理俊峰生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method of fleabane flower perennial root cultivation |
| CN110612879A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2019-12-27 | 湖北省农业科学院中药材研究所 | Production method for reducing continuous cropping obstacles of codonopsis pilosula of Banqiao |
| CN113545192A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-10-26 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所(贵州省生态农业工程技术研究中心)(贵州省农业资源与环境研究所) | Method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of capsicum annuum soil |
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