CN107602253B - Fertilizer composition for hot peppers and application method thereof - Google Patents
Fertilizer composition for hot peppers and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN107602253B CN107602253B CN201711029744.6A CN201711029744A CN107602253B CN 107602253 B CN107602253 B CN 107602253B CN 201711029744 A CN201711029744 A CN 201711029744A CN 107602253 B CN107602253 B CN 107602253B
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizer composition for hot pepper and a using method thereof, wherein biochar is Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse charcoal, a urease inhibitor is a polyglutamic acid substance, and a water-retaining agent is super absorbent resin. The specific application method comprises the following steps: firstly, the biochar is uniformly spread on the surface layer of the soil, ploughed by a hoe and uniformly mixed, and then all the fertilizer, the urease inhibitor and the water-retaining agent are uniformly mixed and then uniformly applied at one time. The application technology involved in the invention is simple and easy to implement, convenient to operate, quick in effect, and strong in operability, and can be understood and implemented by common farmers or planting households; by adopting the application technology related in the invention to plant the peppers in Guizhou, the yield of the peppers can be increased, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved, the economic benefit can be increased, and the yield and income of the peppers can be increased; provides technical support for the popularization of the comprehensive application technology of the biochar, the urease inhibitor and the water-retaining agent in the Guizhou pepper production and cultivation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop fertilization, and particularly relates to a fertilizer composition for hot peppers and a using method thereof.
Background
The pepper is a traditional Guizhou planting crop and is one of the important economic crops for Guizhou mountain agriculture development at present. According to statistics, by 2016, the cultivation area of the capsicum in Guizhou province reaches about 500 more than ten thousand mu, which accounts for 20 percent of the total pepper cultivation area in China, and the planting area, the processing scale and the market share of the capsicum are the first in China. Guizhou agriculture belongs to mountain region agriculture, about 50% of cultivated land in the whole province is hilly land, most of soil is acid yellow soil, and the soil is poor in nutrient and water retention, so that the productivity of the soil is very low, and the improvement of the yield of the pepper is not facilitated. Meanwhile, due to the rapid promotion of the Guizhou pepper industry development, phenomena of 'heavy chemical fertilizers and light organic fertilizers' generated by farmers who blindly pursue high yield in agricultural production, planting modes of perennial continuous cropping cultivation and the like are also exacerbated, so that the quality of the self-poor yellow soil is further deteriorated, the water and fertilizer retention capacity is continuously reduced, and the inevitable result is that the pepper yield level, the flavor quality and the fertilizer utilization rate are reduced, and the rapid and healthy development of the Guizhou pepper industry is severely restricted.
In recent years, products of soil conditioners such as biochar, urease/nitrification inhibitor, water retention agent and the like begin to appear with the development needs of fertilizer industry and agricultural industry, and the products show obvious superiority in the aspects of improving soil physicochemical property, reducing soil nutrient conversion and loss, enhancing soil water and fertilizer retention capacity and the like, so that the application of the soil conditioners becomes one of important measures in the fields of fertilizer quality improvement and synergism, crop quality improvement, poor soil improvement and the like at present. At present, a great deal of research on various soil improvement agents has been reported, most of which are focused on grain crops (corn, wheat, potato, etc.) and part of vegetable crops (tomato, cucumber, etc.), for example, biochar applied for two years continuously can increase the organic matter and total nitrogen content of rice soil and reduce CH4The discharge of the fertilizer reduces the risk of loss of nitrogen and phosphorus, and obviously improves the microbial community structure of the soil; the application of the urease inhibitor can delay the release of nitrogen in the fertilizer, obviously reduce the nitrogen loss of urea in soil and reduce the accumulation of nitrate in vegetables; the water-retaining agent is a resin substance with strong water absorption, and the water-retaining agent can improve the water storage and moisture retention capacity of soil, relieve the pressure of drought on the growth of crops, and have the effects of increasing the yield of crops and improving the utilization rate of fertilizer when being matched with nitrogen fertilizer. However, although the application effect of the soil conditioner is remarkable, most of the current research on the soil conditioner is developed for a single type, and no soil improvement scheme with excellent performance is developed for pepper.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art, and aims to provide a method for promoting the yield and income increase of Guizhou hot peppers by using the matching of biochar, a urease inhibitor and a water-retaining agent and application thereof. According to the method, the purposes of increasing the yield and quality of Guizhou peppers, improving the utilization rate of fertilizers and increasing the yield and income are achieved by adopting the method of applying the biochar in combination with a urease inhibitor and a water-retaining agent in consideration of the soil type, the nutrient condition and the climatic environment characteristics of Guizhou peppers.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts a technical scheme that: a fertilizer composition for capsicum, which comprises 2800 and 3200 parts by weight of distiller's grain charcoal prepared by carbonizing distiller's grain; the pH value of the vinasse carbon is 7-9, the organic matter content is 20-40g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 35-50g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 5-15g/kg, and the total potassium content is 10-30 g/kg;
the fertilizer composition also comprises a fertilizer mixture, wherein the fertilizer mixture comprises the following components in parts by weight:
in a further improvement, the distillers' grains carbon is 3000 parts by weight; the fertilizer mixture comprises the following components in parts by weight:
the physical and chemical properties of the vinasse carbon are 8.78 pH, 28.13g/kg of organic matters, 43.40g/kg of total nitrogen, 10.84g/kg of total phosphorus and 18.38g/kg of total potassium.
In a further improvement, the vinasse carbon is obtained by processing at 550 ℃ in a carbonization furnace.
In a further improvement, the polyglutamic acid urease inhibitor is gamma-polyglutamic acid.
In a further improvement, the water-absorbent resin is prepared from a mixture of polyacrylic acid, hydroxypropylated cellulose and phosphated starch.
In a further improvement, the nitrogen fertilizer is urea.
A method of using a fertilizer composition for capsicum, comprising the steps of:
step one), uniformly spreading the vinasse charcoal on the surface layer of soil, and turning over to uniformly mix the vinasse charcoal in the soil;
step two) uniformly applying the fertilizer mixture into the soil completed in the step one). The invention has the following advantages and positive effects:
the fertilizer composition disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the biochar is loose and porous, the specific surface area is large, the adsorption capacity is strong, the fertilizer nutrients can be adsorbed on the biochar surface, and the nutrient conversion and loss are reduced. The synergistic effect of the simultaneous application of the biochar, the urease inhibitor and the water-retaining agent is obviously superior to that of single application or pairwise application, and an unexpected technical effect is achieved.
The application technology involved in the invention is simple and easy to implement, convenient to operate, quick in effect, and strong in operability, and can be understood and implemented by common farmers or planting households. By adopting the application technology related in the invention to plant the peppers in Guizhou, the yield of the peppers can be increased, the utilization rate of the fertilizer can be improved, the economic benefit can be increased, and the yield and income of the peppers can be increased. Provides technical support for the popularization of the comprehensive application technology of the biochar, the urease inhibitor and the water-retaining agent in the Guizhou pepper production and cultivation.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a graph showing the yield levels of pepper treated by different fertilizers, wherein NF indicates no fertilizer application, SF indicates single fertilizer application, FB indicates fertilizer + biochar, FBU indicates fertilizer + biochar + urease inhibitor, FBW indicates fertilizer + biochar + water-retaining agent, and FBUW indicates fertilizer + biochar + urease inhibitor + water-retaining agent.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for promoting yield and income increase of Guizhou hot pepper by matching biochar with a urease inhibitor and a water-retaining agent is characterized in that the biochar is Maotai-flavor liquor vinasse carbon, is prepared by carbonizing at 550 ℃ in a professional biomass carbonization furnace, and has the following basic physicochemical properties: the pH value is 8.78, the organic matter content is 28.13g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 43.40g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 10.84g/kg, the total potassium content is 18.38g/kg, the urease inhibitor is polyglutamic acid, and the water-retaining agent is super absorbent resin. The application is that the biochar is uniformly spread on the soilPloughing and uniformly mixing the soil surface layer by using a hoe, uniformly mixing all the fertilizers, the urease inhibitor and the water-retaining agent, and uniformly applying the mixture at one time. N, P2O5、K2The dosage of O is respectively 360, 180 and 324kg/hm2The application amount of the biochar is 3t/hm2The urease inhibitor is applied according to 0.2 percent of the dosage of the urea, and the dosage of the water retention agent is 30kg/hm2。
The yield increasing effect of the biochar, the urease inhibitor and the water-retaining agent on Guizhou hot pepper is shown in figure 1: the method for matching the biochar with the urease inhibitor and the water-retaining agent can ensure that the yield of the hot pepper reaches 20938kg/hm2Compared with NF, SF, FB, FBU and FBW treatments, the yield of the FBUW treated pepper is increased by 14850, 4674, 1762, 1667 and 1551kg/hm respectively2The yield increase rate respectively reaches 243.91%, 28.74%, 9.19%, 8.65% and 8.00%, and is obviously higher than that of NF, SF, FB, FBU and FBW treatment. The result shows that the yield level of the pepper can be obviously improved after the biochar is additionally applied to the soil, but the yield increasing effect of the biochar and a urease inhibitor or a water-retaining agent which are independently applied to the pepper is not obvious. Only when the biochar, the urease inhibitor and the water-retaining agent are applied simultaneously, the yield of the pepper is obviously improved, which shows that the reasonable application of the biochar, the urease inhibitor and the water-retaining agent produces an obvious synergistic effect and is beneficial to the improvement of the yield.
The effect of the biochar, the urease inhibitor and the water-retaining agent on the fertilizer utilization rate of Guizhou hot pepper is shown in the following table 1: the apparent utilization rates of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers of the hot pepper can be obviously improved by adopting the method of matching the biochar with the urease inhibitor and the water-retaining agent, and are respectively 44.40%, 22.41% and 67.02%. Compared with SF, FB, FBU and FBW treatments, the apparent utilization rates of nitrogen fertilizers of FBUW treatment are respectively improved by 10.80, 6.67, 3.38 and 4.74 percentage points, the apparent utilization rates of phosphate fertilizers are respectively improved by 8.72, 6.78, 9.70 and 7.37 percentage points, and the apparent utilization rates of potassium fertilizers are respectively improved by 27.56, 20.44, 21.20 and 14.42 percentage points. The method for applying the biochar, the urease inhibitor and the water-retaining agent in a matched manner is adopted to obviously improve the agricultural efficiency of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers for the hot peppers, and the agricultural efficiency is respectively 41.25kg/kg, 82.50kg/kg and 45.83 kg/kg. Compared with SF, FB, FBU and FBW treatments, the agronomic efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer of the FBUW treatment is respectively increased by 12.98, 4.89, 4.63 and 4.31kg/kg, the agronomic efficiency of the phosphate fertilizer is respectively increased by 25.97, 9.79, 9.26 and 8.62kg/kg, and the agronomic efficiency of the potassium fertilizer is respectively increased by 14.42, 5.43, 5.14 and 4.78 kg/kg.
TABLE 1 Effect of different fertilization treatments on Fertilizer utilization
Note: NF indicates not applying fertilizer, SF indicates applying fertilizer singly, FB indicates fertilizer + biochar, FBU indicates fertilizer + biochar + urease inhibitor, FBW indicates fertilizer + biochar + water-retaining agent, and FBUW indicates fertilizer + biochar + urease inhibitor + water-retaining agent.
Economic benefit effect of charcoal in combination with urease inhibitor and water retention agent on Guizhou pepper (Table 2): the method of adopting the biochar, the urease inhibitor and the water-retaining agent for matching can obviously improve the output value and the pure income of the hot pepper, and the yield and the pure income are 41876 yuan/hm respectively2And 18695 yuan/hm2. The yield of pepper was increased 9349, 3523, 3335 and 3101 yuan/hm for FBUW treatment compared to SF, FB, FBU and FBW treatments, respectively2The pure income is respectively increased by 3521 yuan/hm, 3395 yuan/hm, 3215 yuan/hm and 3093 yuan/hm2。
TABLE 2 Effect of different fertilization treatments on economic benefits
Note: NF indicates not applying fertilizer, SF indicates applying fertilizer singly, FB indicates fertilizer + biochar, FBU indicates fertilizer + biochar + urease inhibitor, FBW indicates fertilizer + biochar + water-retaining agent, and FBUW indicates fertilizer + biochar + urease inhibitor + water-retaining agent.
In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is to be understood that various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.
Claims (6)
1. A fertilizer composition for capsicum, which is characterized in that the fertilizer composition comprises 2800-3200 parts by weight of vinasse charcoal prepared by carbonizing vinasse; the pH value of the vinasse carbon is 7-9, the organic matter content is 20-40g/kg, the total nitrogen content is 35-50g/kg, the total phosphorus content is 5-15g/kg, and the total potassium content is 10-30 g/kg;
the fertilizer composition also comprises a fertilizer mixture, wherein the fertilizer mixture comprises the following components in parts by weight:
nitrogen fertilizer N320-400; the nitrogen fertilizer is urea;
P-P fertilizer2O5150-200；
Potassium fertilizer K2O 300-350；
1.4-1.8 of polyglutamic acid urease inhibitor;
25 to 35 parts of water-absorbent resin;
the use method of the fertilizer composition comprises the following steps:
step one), uniformly spreading the vinasse charcoal on the surface layer of soil, and turning over to uniformly mix the vinasse charcoal in the soil;
step two) uniformly applying the fertilizer mixture into the soil completed in the step one).
2. The fertilizer composition for capsicum annuum according to claim 1, wherein the vinasse charcoal is 3000 parts by weight; the fertilizer mixture comprises the following components in parts by weight:
nitrogen fertilizer N360;
P-P fertilizer2O5180；
Potassium fertilizer K2O 324；
1.6 of polyglutamic acid urease inhibitor;
a water-absorbent resin 30.
3. A fertilizer composition for capsicum annuum according to claim 1, wherein: the physical and chemical properties of the vinasse carbon are that the pH is 8.78, the organic matter is 28.13g/kg, the total nitrogen is 43.40g/kg, the total phosphorus is 10.84g/kg, and the total potassium is 18.38 g/kg.
4. A fertilizer composition for capsicum annuum according to claim 1, wherein: the vinasse carbon is obtained by processing vinasse in a carbonization furnace at 550 ℃.
5. A fertilizer composition for capsicum annuum according to claim 1, wherein: the polyglutamic acid urease inhibitor is gamma-polyglutamic acid.
6. A fertilizer composition for capsicum annuum according to claim 1, wherein: the water-absorbent resin is prepared from a mixture of polyacrylic acid, hydroxypropylated cellulose and phosphated starch.
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| CN108476880B (en) * | 2018-03-09 | 2020-04-28 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | Method for rapidly planting and strengthening roots of pepper seedlings |
| CN113545192B (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2023-01-20 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所(贵州省生态农业工程技术研究中心)(贵州省农业资源与环境研究所) | Method for overcoming continuous cropping obstacle of capsicum annuum soil |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0276479A1 (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1988-08-03 | Klaus Dr. Grabbe | Mushroom mycelium-containing fertilizer, and process for producing the same |
| CN103044153A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-04-17 | 上海孚祥生物科技有限公司 | Special slow-release fertilizer taking biomass granular charcoal as matrix for hot pepper and preparation method for same |
| CN106278696A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2017-01-04 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of special charcoal slow-release fertilizer of Fructus Capsici and preparation method thereof |
| CN107141069A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-09-08 | 贵州天宝丰原生态农业科技有限公司 | Compound fertilizer, preparation method and applications |
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Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0276479A1 (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1988-08-03 | Klaus Dr. Grabbe | Mushroom mycelium-containing fertilizer, and process for producing the same |
| CN103044153A (en) * | 2013-01-21 | 2013-04-17 | 上海孚祥生物科技有限公司 | Special slow-release fertilizer taking biomass granular charcoal as matrix for hot pepper and preparation method for same |
| CN106278696A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2017-01-04 | 贵州省土壤肥料研究所 | A kind of special charcoal slow-release fertilizer of Fructus Capsici and preparation method thereof |
| CN107141069A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-09-08 | 贵州天宝丰原生态农业科技有限公司 | Compound fertilizer, preparation method and applications |
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