CN113498721A - Space soybean cultivation technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a space soybean cultivation technology, which comprises the following steps: selecting and arranging land parcels, covering films, treating seeds, sowing, managing the field and preventing and controlling plant diseases and insect pests. Can effectively improve soil physicochemical property through use quick lime when ploughing, adjust soil acidity, promote alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the soil, the release of available phosphorus, the activity of heavy metal pollutant in the passivation soil, to the field piece of good ridge before planting, use the degradable black membrane to carry out the tectorial membrane, reuse vegetable planting hole puncher on the black membrane according to planting specification requirement and carry out orderly seeding of punching, the tectorial membrane is favorable to keeping warm and protecting water, also do benefit to seed germination, make the seed difficult by freezing, and the tectorial membrane can play the effect of sealing the grass, this planting method more can adapt to the growth characteristics of air breeding soybean, can improve the output of soybean.

Description

Space soybean cultivation technology

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of soybean cultivation, in particular to a space soybean cultivation technology.

Background

Soybean is an important economic crop in China. Summer soybeans are traditionally planted mainly and are influenced by variety characteristics, climate conditions and the like, and the summer soybeans are damaged by extensive management and insect pests and weeds, so that the yield is low and the benefit is poor. After years of practice, the following technical points are required to be achieved for planting good summer soybeans.

Planting technology

Firstly, sowing in proper time and reasonably close planting: summer soybeans are selected by combining local farming conditions, planting habits and soil fertility. The proper sowing period of summer soybeans is generally 6 months and cannot exceed 6 months and 20 days at latest. Sufficient soil moisture is required for seeding, and head water is required to be poured when the seeding is strong so as to facilitate seedling emergence. And (4) seedling checking and supplementing in time after seedling emergence, seedling in the three-leaf stage and final seedling in the five-leaf stage. Leaving 1.2 ten thousand seedlings per mu of land with high fertility; the land with low fertility can retain more than 1.5 thousand seedlings per mu.

(II) cultivating strong seedlings: the soybean seedlings need certain nutrients for growth, N, P, K is applied as a base fertilizer on the ground under the condition of meeting the conditions before sowing, and 40kg of ternary compound fertilizer or 1500-2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied as the base fertilizer for each mu generally. And (4) applying seedling-lifting fertilizer in time after thinning the plot without applying base fertilizer. 20 kilograms of special fertilizer for soybeans is applied per mu. Diluted with water to obtain

And (III) balanced fertilization: the initial flowering period of the soybean is the simultaneous progression of nutrition and reproductive growth, at the moment, nitrogen released by rhizobia of a plant root system cannot meet the growth requirement of the rhizobia, and the nitrogen dressing can promote the growth of flowers and the growth of young pods. Generally, 5-7 kg of urea is applied to each mu of plants when the plants are raining, and the amount of the urea can be reduced or not applied to the plants when the plants are overgrown. In the pod-bearing period, 0.05-0.1% ammonium molybdate solution or 2% calcium superphosphate solution with the dosage of 50kg per mu can be sprayed on the leaf surface, 150g of monopotassium phosphate and 100g of urea can be added into the solution to be sprayed together, the spraying is carried out once every 7 days for three times continuously, and the yield is increased remarkably. During the period from the initial flowering to the pod-bearing and grain-swelling period of the soybeans, watering is carried out in a proper period if the weather is dry, so that the yield is prevented from being influenced by drought.

Chemical weeding and disease and pest control technology

Firstly, carrying out dullness removal: carrying out soil closed weeding before the bud after sowing, spraying 30kg of water with 72% Duer EC 100-120 ml or 50% acetochlor EC 100-150 ml per mu; or in the leaf-restoring period of 1-3 bean seedlings and the 3-5 leaf period of various weeds, 15% of Secale cereale EC75ml and 25% of Huwei AS 50-60 ml are selected for each mu, and the mixture is sprayed on stems and leaves of 50kg of water. In order to ensure the quality of chemical weeding, the herbicide is applied in a certain amount and the water is applied in a certain amount, and the herbicide is removed in a proper period to prevent re-spraying and missing spraying.

(II) preventing and treating diseases: damping off, root rot and southern blight are easy to occur in the seedling stage of soybean. Before seed sowing, 50% carbendazim WP500g or 50% thiram WP400g is selected, 2kg of water is stirred and dissolved, then 100kg of seeds are evenly mixed, and sowing can be carried out after air drying; or spraying 50% thiophanate or 65% zineb 100g per mu once to 50kg stem leaves of water in the true leaf stage of seedling. The topsin is used for preventing and treating the downy mildew and the anthracnose once in the full bloom stage of the soybeans, so that the occurrence of the downy mildew and the anthracnose can be effectively controlled.

(III) scientific pest control: when the bean plants grow to the stage from flower filling to pod forming and grain swelling, pests such as bridging insects, soybean leaf rollers, cotton bollworms, asparagus caterpillars, prodenia lituras and the like are very easy to occur. The pests are mixed in the field, the generation is overlapped, the pests are rampant, the drug resistance is strong, whether netted and serrated blades which are eaten by low-age larvae appear in the field or not is particularly observed from the bottom of 7 months to the beginning of 8 months, once the pests are discovered to be timely prevented and treated by using the pesticide, the pests are continuously used for three times every 7 d. The low-toxicity and high-efficiency pesticide is selected, and different types of pesticides are advocated to be alternately used in the application so as to prevent pests from generating drug resistance. The amount of the pesticide spray per mu is not less than 50 kg. The spraying time was 5 pm later or 9 am earlier. The liquid medicine is sprayed on the insect body as much as possible to kill the insect body by contact, thereby improving the control effect. The biological insecticide is selected for later-stage prevention and treatment, and can be mixed with the insecticide. The composition is contraindicated for being mixed with bactericide, otherwise, the composition has no control effect.

However, the existing soybean planting method is not suitable for the soybean planting of space breeding, and due to the characteristics of tall plants and developed root systems of soybeans produced by space breeding, the existing soybean planting method cannot produce good yield, so that a planting technology suitable for aviation soybeans is urgently needed.

Disclosure of Invention

Technical problem to be solved

Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides an aerospace soybean cultivation technology, and solves the problems that the existing soybean cultivation method is not suitable for the soybean cultivation of aerospace breeding, and the existing soybean cultivation method cannot produce good yield due to the characteristics of tall plants and developed root systems of soybeans produced by aerospace breeding.

(II) technical scheme

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: an aerospace soybean cultivation technology comprises the following steps:

a. selecting and sorting land parcels: selecting land blocks which do not waterlog and do not dry, arranging the land blocks, namely turning over and ridging, uniformly spreading quicklime and chemical fertilizer before turning over, turning over the soil by using a rotary cultivator for a few or two times, wherein the turning depth reaches 25-30cm, and ridging is carried out after the turning over is finished, the ridge height is 25-30cm, the ridge width is 110cm, and the furrow width is 30 cm.

b. Covering a film: after fertilizer application and ploughing, and on a field block which is ridged as required, a degradable black film with the width of 150cm is selected to directly cover the ridge surface, for the field block which is not fertilized and ridged firstly, two rows of furrows are formed between 3 rows of bean seeds on the ridge surface, then fertilizer is uniformly spread in the furrows, and then the degradable black film is covered.

c. Seed treatment: the method comprises the steps of firstly selecting seeds, removing injured seeds, half seeds, shrunken seeds and insect seeds during seed selection, keeping seeds which are good in appearance, full in growth and uniform, placing the selected seeds on an airing rack, airing the airing rack in sufficient sunlight for 2-3 days, frequently turning the seeds during airing to ensure that the seeds can be sunned, dressing the aired seeds, and sowing after dressing.

d. Sowing: selection of sowing time: continuously measuring the ground temperature for 7 days by using a ground temperature meter, and sowing when the ground temperature is monitored to be stabilized above 8 ℃ about 5cm deep of a soil layer, wherein the sowing is required to be completed within 3 months and 16-30 days; seed dosage: the amount of seeds used per mu is more than 4 kg; planting specification: 10000-12000 seeds/mu, 110cm seeds with 3 rows, 30cm plant spacing and 40 cm row spacing, 2 seeds per hole.

e. Field management: ditching and removing stains: deeply digging a middle ditch and a side ditch; picking and replenishing seedlings: when the height of the seedlings is about 10cm, performing seedling picking and supplementing work, checking the seedling emergence condition of the soybeans, supplementing seedlings due to seedling shortage, and timely removing weak seedlings with diseased seedlings; vigorous growth control and lodging resistance: when foliar fertilizer is sprayed in the flowering period and the pod bearing period of the soybean, the plant growth inhibitor can be sprayed when the soybean is flourishing and tends to fall down.

f. And (3) pest control: when the soybean has diseases, specific causes are found out in time, corresponding disease medicines are sprayed, and when the soybean has the pests, specific pest types are found out in time, and corresponding pest medicines are sprayed.

Preferably, the specific dosage of the quicklime and the fertilizer in the step a is as follows: the dosage of quicklime per mu is 40-50kg, and the dosage of fertilizer per mu is: the national standard N, P and K are 15: 40kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with the weight ratio of 15:15 or 20 kg of retted farmyard manure with 600kg of retted farmyard manure.

Preferably, the specific operation steps of seed dressing in step c are as follows: putting 25 percent and 10 grams of ammonium molybdate into a stirring container, adding hot water for dissolving, cooling for later use, putting soybean seeds into a seed mixing container, adding the cooled ammonium molybdate into the seed mixing container, manually mixing the seeds by wearing rubber gloves manually, or mixing the seeds with soybean rhizobia and cold water, after the seeds are mixed, drying the seeds in the shade, coating by adopting a seed coating agent containing insect-proof sterilization and trace elements or good in membranous property, and ensuring that the coating is uniformly attached as much as possible during seed mixing.

Preferably, the seeding in the step d comprises the following specific steps: the vegetable planting puncher is used for penetrating through the black film, orderly punching seeding is carried out on the field blocks with the ridges according to the planting specification requirement, the seeding depth is about 3cm below the soil layer, and if the ridges are firstly made and then the fertilizer is spread and the film is covered, the holes can not be punched and sown on the fertilizer spreading grooves.

Preferably, the specific dosage and operation mode of the foliar fertilizer in the step e are as follows: adding 150g of monopotassium phosphate into water per mu, and spraying the leaves by using a sprayer; the specific dosage and operation mode of the plant growth inhibitor in the step e are as follows: using 1000 times of 800-fold diluted solution of one of paclobutrazol, uniconazole, chlormequat chloride or mepiquat chloride per mu, and spraying the solution on the leaf surfaces by adopting a sprayer.

Preferably, the specific dosage of the disease and disease drug in the step f is as follows: 50g of 2% ningnanmycin for treating soybean root rot-mu, 75g of 70% thiophanate methyl for treating soybean gray spot disease-mu, 100g of 25% metalaxyl for treating soybean mildew-mu, 15 kg of water, stem and leaf spraying, 30g of 30% Dufulin wettable powder for treating mosaic virus disease-mu, 15 kg of water, stem and leaf spraying, 100g of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder for treating soybean powdery mildew-mu, 15 kg of water and stem and leaf spraying; the specific dosage of the insect pests and the insect pest medicines in the step f is as follows: 30g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 10g of 20% acetamiprid wettable powder for soybean aphids and soybean thrips per mu, 20ml of 1.8% abamectin for red spiders per mu, 2.5% deltamethrin and other pyrethrins for heart budworms per mu, and 50ml of 5% lufenuron mixed with 20 g of 17% alpha-fenpyroximate for prodenia litura and 20 g of chlorfenapyr for prodenia litura and leaf surface spraying.

(III) advantageous effects

The invention provides a space soybean cultivation technology. The method has the following beneficial effects:

can effectively improve soil physicochemical property through use quick lime when ploughing, adjust soil acidity, promote alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen in the soil, the release of available phosphorus, the activity of heavy metal pollutant in the passivation soil, to the field piece of good ridge before planting, use the degradable black membrane to carry out the tectorial membrane, reuse vegetable planting hole puncher on the black membrane according to planting specification requirement and carry out orderly seeding of punching, the tectorial membrane is favorable to keeping warm and protecting water, also do benefit to seed germination, make the seed difficult by freezing, and the tectorial membrane can play the effect of sealing the grass, this planting method more can adapt to the growth characteristics of air breeding soybean, can improve the output of soybean.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Example (b):

the embodiment of the invention provides a space soybean cultivation technology, which comprises the following steps:

an aerospace soybean cultivation technology comprises the following steps:

a. selecting and sorting land parcels:

(1) the plot that does not waterlogging and drought is selected to the plot, and the arrangement of plot is including ploughing and ridging, evenly spreads over before ploughing quick lime and chemical fertilizer, and the concrete quantity of quick lime and chemical fertilizer is: the dosage of quicklime per mu is 40-50kg, and the dosage of fertilizer per mu is: the national standard N, P and K are 15: 15:15, adding 20 kg of compound fertilizer into 40kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer or 600kg of retted farmyard manure, and using quick lime to effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, regulate the acidity of the soil, promote the release of alkaline hydrolysis nitrogen and effective phosphorus in the soil and passivate the activity of heavy metal pollutants in the soil.

(2) And ploughing the soil by using a rotary cultivator for a plurality of times, wherein the ploughing depth is 25-30cm, and ridging is performed after ploughing is finished, wherein the ridge height is 25-30cm, the ridge width is 110cm, and the furrow width is 30 cm.

b. Covering a film:

(1) after having executed fertile ploughing and on the field piece of good ridge as required, select for use the degradable black membrane of 150cm width directly to cover in the ridge face, to the field piece of not fertilizing earlier ridging, open two lines of ditches between 3 rows of kind beans in the ridge face, evenly broadcast the chemical fertilizer in the ditch again, then cover degradable black membrane, the effect of tectorial membrane: firstly, be favorable to keeping warm to preserve heat and retaining water, do benefit to the seed and germinate for the seed is difficult to be frozen and is bad, secondly plays the effect of sealing the grass.

c. Seed treatment:

(1) firstly, selecting seeds, removing some injured seeds, half seeds, shrunken seeds and insect seeds during seed selection, and reserving seeds with good appearance, full growth vigor and uniformity;

(2) then, sunning, namely placing the screened seeds on a sunning frame, sunning the sunning frame in sufficient sunlight for 2-3 days, frequently turning the sunning frame to ensure that the seeds can be sunned, killing bacteria attached to the surfaces of the seeds by using ultraviolet rays in the sunlight in sunning, improving the activity of the seeds and promoting germination, and on one hand, dressing the seeds can prevent diseases in a seedling stage and damage of underground pests to the seeds, and on the other hand, micro-fertilizer attached to the surfaces of the seeds is beneficial to the growth of the seedling stage and promotes the seedlings to be strong;

(3) then dressing the seeds after the sun drying, wherein the concrete operation steps of dressing the seeds are as follows: putting 25 percent and 10 grams of ammonium molybdate into a stirring container, adding hot water for dissolving, cooling for later use, putting soybean seeds into a seed mixing container, adding the cooled ammonium molybdate into the seed mixing container, manually mixing the seeds by wearing rubber gloves or mixing the seeds with soybean rhizobia and cold water, after the seeds are mixed, drying the seeds in the shade, coating the seeds by using a seed coating agent containing insect-proof sterilization and trace elements or good film property, uniformly attaching the coating to the seeds as much as possible during seed mixing, sowing by selecting a machine after the seed mixing, and finishing the seed mixing and the coating 3 to 5 days before the specified sowing time.

d. Sowing:

(1) selection of sowing time: continuously measuring the ground temperature for 7 days by using a ground temperature meter, and sowing when the ground temperature is monitored to be stabilized above 8 ℃ about 5cm deep of a soil layer, wherein the sowing is required to be completed within 3 months and 16-30 days;

(2) seed dosage: the amount of seeds used per mu is more than 4 kg;

(3) planting specification: 10000-12000 seeds/mu, 110cm seeds with 3 rows, 30cm plant spacing, 40 cm row spacing and 2 seeds in each hole;

(4) the sowing comprises the following specific steps: the vegetable planting puncher is used for penetrating through the black film, orderly punching seeding is carried out on the field blocks with the ridges according to the planting specification requirement, the seeding depth is about 3cm below the soil layer, and if the ridges are firstly made and then the fertilizer is spread and the film is covered, the holes can not be punched and sown on the fertilizer spreading grooves.

e. Field management:

(1) ditching and removing stains: the middle ditches and the side ditches are dug deeply, so that field water accumulation can be prevented, the rain can be used for keeping the field dry, and the ridge surface is ensured not to be soaked and not to be soaked;

(2) picking and replenishing seedlings: when the height of the seedlings is about 10cm, performing seedling picking and supplementing work, checking the seedling emergence condition of the soybeans, supplementing seedlings due to seedling shortage, and timely removing weak seedlings with diseased seedlings;

(3) vigorous growth control and lodging resistance: spraying foliar fertilizer in the flowering phase and the pod bearing phase of the soybean, wherein the specific dosage and the operation mode of the foliar fertilizer are as follows: 150g of monopotassium phosphate is added with water per mu, a sprayer is used for spraying the foliage of the soybeans, when the soybeans grow vigorously and tend to fall down, the plant growth inhibitor can be sprayed, and the specific dosage and the operation mode of the plant growth inhibitor are as follows: the method is characterized in that 1000 times of 800-fold diluted solution of one of paclobutrazol, uniconazole, chlormequat chloride or mepiquat chloride is used per mu, a sprayer is used for spraying leaf surfaces, foliar fertilizer spraying can improve the maturing rate and the plumpness of seeds, the seeds can be applied only when flowers appear during vigorous-growth-controlling pesticide spraying, if the soybeans in the field are found to be high in growth vigor but not blossomed, the vigorous-growth-controlling pesticide spraying cannot be carried out, in addition, the soil moistening needs to be kept during the soybean swelling period, so that the pod protection and grain preservation are facilitated, the grain weight is increased, the yield and the quality of the soybeans are improved, and if continuous drought can cause pod hardening, the grain formation is less, the soybean grains are not full and uniform, and the yield and the quality are influenced.

f. And (3) pest control:

finding out specific causes of diseases in time when the soybeans have diseases, spraying corresponding disease drugs, finding out specific insect pest types in time when the soybeans have insect pests, and spraying corresponding insect pest drugs;

(1) the specific dosage of the disease and the disease drug is as follows:

50g of 2% ningnanmycin for treating soybean root rot-mu, 75g of 70% thiophanate methyl for treating soybean gray spot disease-mu, 100g of 25% metalaxyl for treating soybean mildew-mu, 15 kg of water, stem and leaf spraying, 30g of 30% Dufulin wettable powder for treating mosaic virus disease-mu, 15 kg of water, stem and leaf spraying, 100g of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder for treating soybean powdery mildew-mu, 15 kg of water and stem and leaf spraying;

(2) the specific dosage of the insect pests and the insect pest medicines is as follows: 30g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 10g of 20% acetamiprid wettable powder for soybean aphids and soybean thrips per mu, 20ml of 1.8% abamectin for red spiders per mu, 2.5% deltamethrin and other pyrethrins for heart budworms per mu, and 50ml of 5% lufenuron mixed with 20 g of 17% alpha-fenpyroximate for prodenia litura and 20 g of chlorfenapyr for prodenia litura and leaf surface spraying.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (6)

1. The space soybean cultivation technology is characterized by comprising the following steps:

a. selecting and sorting land parcels: selecting land blocks which do not waterlog and do not dry, wherein the land blocks are arranged by turning and ridging, uniformly spreading quicklime and chemical fertilizer before turning, turning the soil by using a rotary cultivator for a few or two times, wherein the turning depth reaches 25-30cm, ridging is carried out after turning, the ridge height is 25-30cm, the ridge width is 110cm, and the furrow width is 30cm;

b. covering a film: after fertilizer application and ploughing, and on a field block which is ridged as required, a degradable black film with the width of 150cm is selected to directly cover the ridge surface, for the field block which is not fertilized and ridged firstly, two rows of furrows are formed between 3 rows of bean seeds on the ridge surface, then fertilizer is uniformly spread in the furrows, and then the degradable black film is covered;

c. seed treatment: firstly, selecting seeds, removing injured seeds, half seeds, shrunken seeds and insect seeds during seed selection, keeping seeds with good appearance, full growth and uniformity, placing the selected seeds on an airing rack, airing the airing rack in sufficient sunlight for 2-3 days, frequently turning the seeds during airing to ensure that the seeds can be sunned, then dressing the aired seeds, and selecting seeds according to a machine after dressing;

d. sowing: selection of sowing time: continuously measuring the ground temperature for 7 days by using a ground temperature meter, and sowing when the ground temperature is monitored to be stabilized above 8 ℃ about 5cm deep of a soil layer, wherein the sowing is required to be completed within 3 months and 16-30 days; seed dosage: the amount of seeds used per mu is more than 4 kg; planting specification: 10000-12000 seeds/mu, 110cm seeds with 3 rows, 30cm plant spacing, 40 cm row spacing and 2 seeds in each hole;

e. field management: ditching and removing stains: deeply digging a middle ditch and a side ditch; picking and replenishing seedlings: when the height of the seedlings is about 10cm, performing seedling picking and supplementing work, checking the seedling emergence condition of the soybeans, supplementing seedlings due to seedling shortage, and timely removing weak seedlings with diseased seedlings; vigorous growth control and lodging resistance: spraying foliar fertilizer in the flowering phase and the pod forming phase of the soybeans, and spraying plant growth inhibitor when the soybeans grow vigorously and tend to fall down;

f. and (3) pest control: when the soybean has diseases, specific causes are found out in time, corresponding disease medicines are sprayed, and when the soybean has the pests, specific pest types are found out in time, and corresponding pest medicines are sprayed.

2. The space soybean cultivation technology according to claim 1, wherein: the concrete dosage of the quicklime and the fertilizer in the step a is as follows: the dosage of quicklime per mu is 40-50kg, and the dosage of fertilizer per mu is: the national standard N, P and K are 15: 40kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer with the weight ratio of 15:15 or 20 kg of retted farmyard manure with 600kg of retted farmyard manure.

3. The space soybean cultivation technology according to claim 1, wherein: the specific operation steps of seed dressing in the step c are as follows: putting 25 percent and 10 grams of ammonium molybdate into a stirring container, adding hot water for dissolving, cooling for later use, putting soybean seeds into a seed mixing container, adding the cooled ammonium molybdate into the seed mixing container, manually mixing the seeds by wearing rubber gloves manually, or mixing the seeds with soybean rhizobia and cold water, after the seeds are mixed, drying the seeds in the shade, coating by adopting a seed coating agent containing insect-proof sterilization and trace elements or good in membranous property, and ensuring that the coating is uniformly attached as much as possible during seed mixing.

4. The space soybean cultivation technology according to claim 1, wherein: the seeding in the step d comprises the following specific steps: the vegetable planting puncher is used for penetrating through the black film, orderly punching seeding is carried out on the field blocks with the ridges according to the planting specification requirement, the seeding depth is about 3cm below the soil layer, and if the ridges are firstly made and then the fertilizer is spread and the film is covered, the holes can not be punched and sown on the fertilizer spreading grooves.

5. The space soybean cultivation technology according to claim 1, wherein: the specific dosage and operation mode of the foliar fertilizer in the step e are as follows: adding 150g of monopotassium phosphate into water per mu, and spraying the leaves by using a sprayer; the specific dosage and operation mode of the plant growth inhibitor in the step e are as follows: using 1000 times of 800-fold diluted solution of one of paclobutrazol, uniconazole, chlormequat chloride or mepiquat chloride per mu, and spraying the solution on the leaf surfaces by adopting a sprayer.

6. The space soybean cultivation technology according to claim 1, wherein: the specific dosage of the disease and disease medicine in the step f is as follows: 50g of 2% ningnanmycin for treating soybean root rot-mu, 75g of 70% thiophanate methyl for treating soybean gray spot disease-mu, 100g of 25% metalaxyl for treating soybean mildew-mu, 15 kg of water, stem and leaf spraying, 30g of 30% Dufulin wettable powder for treating mosaic virus disease-mu, 15 kg of water, stem and leaf spraying, 100g of 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder for treating soybean powdery mildew-mu, 15 kg of water and stem and leaf spraying; the specific dosage of the insect pests and the insect pest medicines in the step f is as follows: 30g of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder or 10g of 20% acetamiprid wettable powder for soybean aphids and soybean thrips per mu, 20ml of 1.8% abamectin for red spiders per mu, 2.5% deltamethrin and other pyrethrins for heart budworms per mu, and 50ml of 5% lufenuron mixed with 20 g of 17% alpha-fenpyroximate for prodenia litura and 20 g of chlorfenapyr for prodenia litura and leaf surface spraying.